UNIT 6 (UNIT 2 BOOK)

MODERN SPAIN II

MIDDLE AGESPREHISTORY

HISTORY

PALEOLITIC NEOLITHIC EGYPT GREECE

ANCIENT HISTORY

HUNTERS WHO LIVED IN

CAVES

FIRST SETTLEMENTS

(VILLAGES). AGRICULTURE

BEGINS

WRITING INVENTION (3500 BC)

JESUS CHRIST IS BORN (YEAR 0 A.D.)

THE

FALL

OF

THE

ROM

AN E

MPI

RE

VISI

GOTH

S

MU

SLIM

S (7

11.A

.D)

CHRI

STIA

NS

(722

A.D

.)

DISC

OVE

RY O

F AM

ERIA

Catholic Monarchs

MODERN AGE

16TH

cen

tury

:

Carlo

s I a

nd F

elip

e II

1492 A.D.

ROME

17th

cen

tury

18th

cen

tury

Baroque: GOLDEN

AGE

Renaissance

FREN

CH R

EVO

LUTI

ON

(178

9 A.

D.)

BIG BANG

2-3 million years B.C. (humans appeared)

1789 A.D.

5TH century A.D.

CON

TEM

PORA

RY A

GE

CONTEMPORARY AGE:19TH CENTURY

FRENCH REVOLUTION (1789 A.D.)

FERNANDO VII’s reign

ISABEL II

19TH CENTURY

WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

KING AMADEO I de SABOYA

FIRST REPUBLIC

(democracy but without monarchy)

KING ALFONSO

XII1875-1885

1808 1814

ABSOLUTISM (1814-

1820)

LIBERAL TRIENNIUM(1820-1823)

OMINOUS DECADE

(1823-1833)

LIBERAL IDEAS

(1833-1868)

REGENTS: GENERAL ESPARTERO & MARIA CRISTINA

It began in 1789 and continues up to the present day

IN SPAIN, 19TH CENTURY...

(1870-1873)

1873-1874

RESTORATION (1875-1923)

KING ALFONSO

XIII1902-1923

CONTEMPORARY AGE: 20TH CENTURY

THE END OF 19TH

CENTURY 20TH CENTURY

KING ALFONSO

XIII

PRIMO DE RIVERA

DICTATORSHIP

SECONDREPUBLIC

CIVIL WAR

FRANCO’S DICTATORSHIP

TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY

YEARS OF POLITICAL INSTABILITY

ISABEL II (1833 – 1868)

Isabel II’s wasn`t popular among the different political parties at that time because of her liberal ideas.

When he died, the government became too weak to continue

She was helped closely by one military politician called Leopoldo

O’Donnell

General Juan Prim sent the Queen into exileand he started looking for a new monarch to take over

King AMADEO I de SABOYA(1870-1873)

The General JUAN PRIM took the control of the government and spent 2 years looking for a new monarch…

Eventually he found him in SAVOY (Italy)

AMADEO I DE SABOYA His reing started badly when his main supporter, GENERAL PRIM, was assasinated

It was an extremely unstable period: He had to deal with violent conflicts between different political parties, the Cuba revolution, rebellions by Carlists…

Unable to cope, he returned to Italy…

1868-1870

1870-1873

1873

FIRST REPUBLIC (1873-1874)After Amadeo left Spain and came back to Italy

Spain became a REPUBLIC (democratic form of government in which there wasn’t a monarch)

But the period of political and social instability continued. THERE WERE 4 PRESIDENTS DURING THIS PERIOD (1 YEAR)

General Manuel Pavia tired of this situation initiated a successful military coup which led to the end of the Republic

The Monarchy was restored and Alfonso XII, Isabel II’s son, became the new king of Spain

SO…

1873

1873-1874

1874

SPANISH RESTORATION (1875-1923). Alfonso XII’S reign

The Spanish Restoration or Bourbon Restoration is the name given to the period that...

Began when the First Spanish Republic ended and the monarchy was restored again under Alfonso XII

Finished with the II REPUBLIC

King Alfonso XII (1875-1885)

Although he was young, he was popular. He ruled a Constitutional monarchy (not an absolute one)

under the Constitution of 1876

Under his reign only two political parties were permitted.

LIBERALS(left wing)

CONSERVATIVES(right wing)

These parties took turns to hold the power

(Peaceful turn)

1875 1931 The Spanish Restoration or Bourbon Restoration

King Alfonso XII (1875-1885)

Alfonso XII’S reign (1875-1885)Despite his popularity there were two attempts to assassinate him

LIBERALS(left wing)

CONSERVATIVES(right wing)

In this new system of alternating power, there were two key political figures:

Mateo Sagasta (Prime Minister 8

times)

Antonio Cánovas del Castillo

(Prime Minister 6 times)

Characteristics of this period

Cons

ProsSpain was stable again. Economic prosperity and

modernisation. Cuba and Puerto Rico (peace)

Electoral fraud (FAKE ELECTIONS!!): the king chose the government and the result of the election was decided in advance.

Alfonso XIII’s reign (1885-1923) and Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship (1923-1930)

1885 After Alfonso XII’s death, his son Alfonso XIII became the heir of the throne…

1885-1902

His mother Maria Cristina ruled as a regent until the young Alfonso turned sixteen in 1902 and became King Alfonso XIII

He was a baby

SO…

During the regency period, Spain lost its colonies in Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines and suffered violents rioting in Barcelona

1902-1923

Primo de Rivera lost all confidence in the Spanish government and organised a coup. Alfonso XIII supported him and Rivera became a dictator

Alfonso XIII’S reign

1923

1923-1930 Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship

Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship and II Republic

1923-1930

Primo de Rivera wasn’t a good leader and Spain went bankrupt under his rule and, eventually, the army stopped supporting him and Alfonso XIII forced him to resign

1931 People no longer trusted Alfonso XIII and the Republicans won the elections. THE MONARCHY WAS ABOLISHED AND THE II REPUBLIC WAS ESTABLISHED

1931-1936 (1939)

1931

Second Republic lasted until the end of the Civil war (1939)

A new Constitution was established (rights improvement): freedom of speech, vote to women, took away some privileges from nobility, limited the power of the church

Opposition Monarchists, the church, the military

Primo de Rivera’sdictatorship

II Republic

THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR (1936-1939)In July 1936, General FRANCISCO FRANCO led a military coup and

the CIVIL WAR STARTED…

SPAIN was divided into two sides:

The NATIONALISTS (supporters of

Franco)

The REPUBLICANS (supporters of the

Republic)

The war officially ended in April 1939 with a Nationalist victory

FROM DICTATORSHIP (1939-1975) TO DEMOCRACY (1975-…)

General Franco established a dictatorship which lasted until his death in 1975

REPRESSIONCULTURAL RESTRICTIONS

CONSEQUENCES

LACK OF FREEDOM

STARVATIONBecause of the shortage/lack of food and other basic products, people had ration books which specified the quantity of

necessity goods they could buy

Around 26,000 people were sent to prison for their political beliefs

The press was restricted, trade unions were banned and protests were repressed

Many artists were forced to leave Spain (Pablo Picasso) other were even killed (Federico García Lorca). Other cultural

tradition were repressed.

THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACYIn 1969, Franco chose Prince Juan Carlos as his

successor (Alfonso XIII’s grandson)

Franco thought that the regime (dictatorship) would continue under Juan Carlos (absolute monarchy), however, as soon as he became king, Juan Carlos tooks the steps to make Spain a constitutional monarchy.

In 1975, General Franco died and the TRANSITION from a dictatorship to a democracy began

In 1976, King Juan Carlos I appointed/designated Adolfo Suárez as Prime Minister. He was in charge of organising the first free elections (1977)

and become a democratic state.

In 1978, The Spanish Constitution was approved by Parliament and the

Spanish citizens

Right to strike and form trade unionsLegalisation of all political parties

Release political prisioners

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN EUROPE (20TH CENTURY)

5. Leading the United Kingdom to declare war on Germany.

1. The trigger for the war was the assassination of the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary in Serbia.

2. The Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia

3. Russia supported Serbia

4. Germany invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France

FIRST WORLD

WAR (WWI)1914

FIRST WORLD WAR (WWI)

THE GREAT WAR

1914-1918

Central Powers

Allied Powers (Allies)

Triple Entente

GermanyAustro-Hungarian

Empire

FranceUnited Kingdom

Russia

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN EUROPE (20TH CENTURY)WORLD WAR I

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN EUROPE (20TH CENTURY)WORLD WAR II

BEFORE WWI

AFTER WWI

AFTER THE WORLD WAR I, MOST OF THE COUNTRIES ESTABLISHED A DEMOCRACY, BUT THEY WERE THREATENED BY TWO

IDEOLOGIES: COMMUNISM AND FASCISM

IMPORTANT EVENTS IN EUROPE (20TH CENTURY)WORLD WAR II

FIRST WORLD WAR (WWII) 1939-1945

AXIS Powers (Allies)

GermanyItaly

Japan

FranceUnited Kingdom

RussiaUSA (1944)

1941

Desembarco de Normandía: The USA Army arrived Europe (North France)

BERLIN WALL

COLD WAR (1947-1991): PEACEFUL PERIOD?

WESTERN BLOC (capitalist)

COMMUNIST BLOC

IRON CURTAIN

After the WWII tensions between the two nations grew out, the Cold War rivalry/competition between the United States and the Soviet Union lasted for much of the second half of the 20th century resulted in mutual suspicions,

tensions and a series of international incidents that brought the world’s superpowers to the brink of disaster.