Unit 6Imperialism and nationalism

Social Studies – ESO-4

2

Imperialism and nationalism

• Congress of Vienna• Liberals and nationalists• Revolutions in 1820 and 1830• 1848 revolution• Scramble for Africa• Different types of colonies

3

Imperialism and nationalism

• Congress of Vienna (1815)• Austria, Russia, Prussia, Great Britain and

France were powerful• Grand Alliance→Austria, Prussia, Russia and

Britain→defeat of Napoleon• Vienna settlement →balance of power• Buffer states (Cordon sanitaire) for no future

French expansion• New alliances:

• The Quadruple Alliance(Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia)

• The Holy Alliance (Prussia, Russia & France)

4

Imperialism and nationalism

• Congress of Vienna (1815)•

5

Imperialism and nationalism

• Liberals and Nationalists• Liberals → greater freedom• Nationalists → same race in one country

• Revolutions in 1820 & 1830• In 1920 Riego rebelled against Ferdinand VII in

Spain → Holy Alliance sent an army and absolutism was re-established

• Revolution succeeded in Greece

6

Imperialism and nationalism

• Revolutions in 1830

• France – Charles X (no Carta Otorgada) – Philippe de Orleans new king

• Belgium became independent from Holland

7

Imperialism and nationalism

• Revolutions in 1848• Economic crisis – social & political tensions

(bad harvests and expensive food)• Revolutionaries: liberalism & nationalism• Europe = collection of states ruled by absolute

monarchs• Fundamental change - new ideas:

• Liberalism – human rights & freedoms• Nationalism: same race & language →

fundamental change• Revolutions spread: Italy, German states,

Austria...

8

Imperialism and nationalism

• 1848 was a turning point

• New Constitutions with universal male suffrage (France) & liberalism

• Austria – end of feudalism• Division nationalism & liberalism

9

Imperialism and nationalism

• Scramble for Africa• In 1870 most of Africa was

independent• 1870-1900 race to colonise it.

• Interest in African resources

• New markets• Rivalry• Strategic importance• Missionaries (Protestant

& Catholic)

10

Imperialism and nationalism

• European influence:• France → West Africa, Tunisia• Belgium → Congo Free State• Britain → Egypt, Uganda &

Rhodesia• Germany → East Africa• Italy → Somalia & Ethiopia

• Famous explorers: Livingstone, Cook, Stanley, Rhodes...

11

Imperialism and nationalism

• Different types of colonies:

• Colonies – directly ruled by a governor

• Protectorates – ruled domestically but foreign affairs and defense is ceded

• Dominions – had significant freedom

12

Imperialism and nationalism

• Imperalism in Asia• Different from Africa –

well established civilisation & population

• Control over seaports & trade

• Indirect domination through local aristocracy in India & Indonesia

13

Imperialism and nationalism

• Imperalism in Asia• England (1st) – India, Hong-Kong...• France (2nd) – Southeast Asia• Portugal, Spain & Holland (early)• Germany & Italy (late)• The USA – Caribbean & Philippines• Japan - (1st Asian coloniser) – Korea• China was forced into Opium Trade by

European powers (England, Germany, Russia & Japan)

• Increased emigration from Europe to other parts of the world.