Unit 9. The Hydrosphere. La Hidrosfera. Natural Science 1º ESO
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Unit 9. The Hydrosphere
Adapted from Natural Science. 1º ESO. Anaya
Natural Science 1º ESO
NAME________________________________
Unit 9. The Hydrosphere. La Hidrosfera. Natural Science 1º ESO
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INDEX
1. VOCABULARY........................................................................ 1
2. VOCABULARIO...................................................................... 2
3. UNIT CHART........................................................Cover and 3
4. UNIT ACTIVITIES AND NOTES.................................... 4-14
VOCABULARIO TEMA 9. The Hydrosphere
Here you have some key words of this Unit. You have to study them. If you include more
definition in your notebook, you will have extra points in your notebook marks.
1. Condensation the process in which water vapour
changes to liquid.
2. Evaporation the process of water cycle in which
liquid water changes to a gas (water vapour)
3. Evapotranspiration when water evaporates into the
atmosphere from the leaves and stems of plants.
4. Groundwater water located beneath the ground.
5. Infiltration surface water penetrates into the
ground. This occurs more easily if the ground is
porous.
6. Surface runoff when the movement of the surfaces
water across the land form rivers and streams
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VOCABULARIO TEMA 9. LA hidrosfera
De cada palabra escribe su definición, un ejemplo si te lo pido y su traducción al inglés. No
olvides incluirlo en tu cuaderno.
1. HIDROSFERA
2. ACUÍFERO
3. CONDENSACIÓN
4. TRANSPIRACIÓN
5. INFILTRACIÓN
6. MEANDRO
7. POTABILIZACIÓN
8. DECANTACIÓN
9. AGUAS RESIDUALES
10. HUELLA HÍDRICA
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WATER IS A UNIQUE COMPOUND
Three- quarters of the Earth’s surface is covered by_________. The hydrosphere is the mass of water
which forms the surface of the_________. Water is an essential compound for ________. Its molecule,
H2O, is formed by three______, two of hydrogen, H, and one of______, O.
SPECIAL PROPERTIES
- Density of _____ is lower than that of water. This is because water molecules are ordered in a
different way and they occupy _______volume.
- Water is a good solvent. The salinity of water indicates the quantity of _____dissolved in it.
Depending on this there is fresh water or salt water. Salt ______ has a higher density. When
water passes over rocks it _______many different components. This is why the composition
and density of water is very varied.
- Water does not get hot or cold easily. It needs lots of _______to heat up it also needs to lose a
lot of energy to cool down. Water become ______at 100ºC (evaporation) and become ice (
solidification) at 0ºC.
A- Complete the following sentences:
1- Pure water is made up of…………………….. and………………………..
2- The chemical formula of water is……………………………………………….
3- At sea level pure water……………….. at 100ºC and…………………….. at 0ºC
B- The diagram below shows the geometric structure of a molecule of water (H2O).
What do the symbols and represent in the model?
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(1) genetic material (2) cells (3) chemical bonds (4) atoms
C- Which are the three states where water can be found?
D- In which are water’s molecules closer? So…….. has got more density than ice. This allow
icecaps float.
E- What is the main difference between fresh water and salt water? Which has more density?
Why?
F- Complete the text about property of water using these words
solvent /molecules/ ice/ oxygen/ heat /adhesion /dilates
Water in solid form is called ________ . When water freezes it _____________ unlike other substances.
It is made up of _______________ with one atom of hydrogen and two of ______________.
Water molecules are attracted to other molecules. This is called ________________ . Water moderates
the Earth’s climate by absorbing _________. It dissolves rock components because it is a powerful
___________.
G- Which graph shows that more grams of a substance can be dissolved in water as the water
temperature increases?
Are there minerals in fresh water?
Yes, there are but much less than in sea water.
Agua dulce
Compuestos en disolución
Concentración en gr/l
Bicarbonato cálcico 0,07 gr/l
Cloruro sódico 0,008 gr/l
Sulfatos 0,010 gr/l
Silicatos 0,010 gr/l
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Extra point
These are minerals in the sea water. Copy them in your notebook and complete the table with the corresponding chemical formula.
Compuestos en disolución
Cloruro Sódico
Cloruro de Magnesio
Sulfato de
Sodio
Cloruro de
Calcio
Otros compuestos
Total
Gramos por litro
25 gr/l 6 gr/l 3 gr/l 1 gr/l 2 gr/l 37 gr/l
¿Fórmula química?
HOW IS WATER DISTRIBUTED
Most of the Earth's surface is covered by ______: oceans cover almost three fourths of the planet and
there are big sheets of ice around the________. Water in the Earth is found mainly in liquid state. It is
distributed in oceans, and seas, continental water and clouds:
However, water is a scarce resource in many places in the________. The reason is that most of the
water on Earth is _______water (97%) and salty water cannot be used for drinking or irrigation. People
need fresh water. In addition, most of the ______water on Earth is in the form of ice.
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H- In which state do we find the largest quantity of fresh water on Earth? Why do you think that
the global Warming could affect to the possibility of drink fresh water of many people?
I- Icebergs
Floating pieces of glacial ice are called icebergs. Huge pieces of glacial ice near a coast may
break off and fall into the ocean, as shown in the cross section below. Only about one tenth of
the total iceberg is visible above the surface of the water.
Explain why an iceberg floats in the ocean._______________________________________
Describe one change in the environment that would occur if all the glaciers on Earth melted.
___________________________________________________________________________
J- Completa el cuadro siguiente utilizando estas palabras: lakes, seas, glaciers, streams,
clouds, rivers, oceans, underground water, icebergs, wetlands.
State Where can you find it? Fresh or salty?
Liquid
Solid (ice)
Vapour/ gas
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K- There are 100 boxes in the table below.
1. Color 97 of them blue. This is how much of the water is in the ocean.
2. Color 2 and ½ of the boxes green. This is water in glaciers and deep underground.
3. Color the last half of a box yellow. This is the fresh water in lakes, rivers and rainfall that we can use.
Add your colors to the key below.
L- Fill in the blank with a word from the Word Bank.
FRESH/LAKE/OCEAN/SALT/RIVER/POND
1. An _____________________ is the largest body of water.
2. A _______________________ is a large body of still water.
3. A _______________________ is a moving stream of water.
4. The ocean is composed of _____________________ water.
5. A ________________________ is a small, shallow body of water.
6. A river is composed of _______________________ water.
M- Read the Power point Hydrosphere from the wiki and answer:
1. Is there water in other plantes?
2. What are the movements of sea water called?
3. What is the Cause of the sea water’s movements ?
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N- Match each description with the correct term from the Word Bank.
condensation/evaporation/precipitation/slow down /speed up/sun/ transpiration
1. _________________________ When liquid water in the ocean changes to a gas,
or water vapour, in the sky.
2. _________________________ This is responsible for creating the water cycle.
3. _________________________ When liquid water in the sky falls down to the
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ground.
4. _________________________ What do molecules do when they heat up?
5. _________________________ When gas, or water vapour, in the sky changes to
liquid water in the sky.
6. _________________________ What do molecules do when they cool down?
7. _________________________ When liquid water in a plant changes to a gas, or
water vapour, in the sky.
O- Urban water cycle. Complete this picture and the notes below with the help of the
Power-point.
1) WATER COLLECTION (CAPTACIÓN)
-Water comes from the Earth’s surface like from ___________ and ____________. We can also collect
water from underground by using __________.
2) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
5) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
8) ____________________________________
- ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
What is water used for?
Water is the most abundant substance in living things. Every day your body loses 1,5 to 2 litres of water
through sweat, urine and respiration. You replace it by drinking water. Water is used in different ways,
depending on the country. The main uses are:
· Agriculture. To water crops. In Spain we use more water in agriculture than for other things.
· Industry. Water is used in many industrial processes.
· Domestic use. Drinking water is used for human consumption, cleaning, etc.
Did you Know that…?
A person can live about a month without food, but can live only about 1 week without water.
P- Watch the video “ The importance of water” from the wiki and answer
. Other uses of water are_________________________________________________
Fresh water is worth of______________ because___________________________________
NOT ENOUGH WATER
How can you save water?
Water is a scarce resource. You can reduce domestic water consumption if you…:
.Take a shower, not a bath.
· Turn off taps when brushing teeth or soaping your body.
· Load dishwashers and washing machines completely before use.
· Install water-saving devices in the lavatory cistern.
What pollutes water?
Water becomes polluted for many reasons. For example, as a result of:
· Waste water from industries and farmland.
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· Sewage water from towns and cities.
· Oil slicks caused by the accidental spillage of crude oil at sea.
· Agricultural fertilizers and pesticides which filter into the soil and pollute rivers and groundwater.
Some causes and prevention of water pollutions
Q- Read the text and answer the questions.
A precious resource
Water is a finite resource which cannot be created or synthesized. Your body lose 1,5 to 2
litres of water through sweat, urine and respiration. You need to drink at least an equivalent
amount of fluids to replace it for the correct maintenance of the body’s systems.
If there are six thousand million people on Earth, twelve million cubic metres of fresh water
are needed every day just to provide enough drinking water for everyone!. So, we should all
try to reduce water consumption by adopting simple everyday habits. For example, take
showers instead of baths, turn off the tap when brushing your teeth, fill dishwashers and
washing machines before using them. You can install water-saving devices in the shower
head and lavatory cistern. If water in your town was suddenly rationed, you would be
amazed at how many things you can do with a small amounts of it!
1. Why do we need to drink water?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2. How much water is needed on Earth each day?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. Write three ways of saving domestic water.
R- What is the waterfootprint? Try to explain it with the help of this picture
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Look in the wiki and write which product consume more water. Explain why
Give two advice to diminish your water footprint
S- Do you know?
1. What percentage of the earth’s surface is covered by water?
2. Where is the greatest amount of fresh water found on the earth?
3. What percentage of a living tree is water?
4. How long can a human being survive without water?
5. How much water is used during the growing and production of a loaf of bread?
6. How many liters of water does the average Canadian adult use in 1 year?
7. Which is the biggest ocean?
8. Why is seawater salty?
