ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

Natural and Man-made

Spheres That Interact

Atmosphere

HydrosphereGeospher

e

Biosphere

Write these in your notebook: Atmosphere –the air

Geosphere-the land

Hydrosphere-the water

Biosphere-anywhere life exists

Cryosphere-the ice

Energy Runs the Universe

1. All life depends on energy transformations.

2. All matter exist because of energy.

3. The sun is the source of all energy in our solar system.

When Life Ends

Life ends when the sun no longer releases energy-about 5 billion years from now!

When Life Ends

Life ends when the sun no longer releases energy-about 5 billion years from now!

When Life Ends

Life ends when the sun no longer releases energy-about 5 billion years from now!

Rules of Energy Transfers

1. Energy can neither be destroyed or created -just

transferred from one form

to another.

Man-Made Systems

Racing Example:

Chemical energy

(gasoine) is transformed

into mechanical energy.

Natural System

Light

energy is

transformed into

chemical energy

(glucose)

Rules of Energy Transfers

2. All energy transfers loose heat to the environment.

Transfers are not 100% efficient.

Food chains

Show the natural transfer of energy from one organism to another.

Go to page 69 in a biology book and copy the food chain pictures into your notebook. (Don’t forget the arrows)

Algae

Zooplankton

Small Fish

SquidShark

HeatLoss

Ocean Food chain

Ten Percent Rule

1. About 1% of the energy available at

one trophic level is available for the

next level.

2. The 90% is used by organisms for

daily life and cell functions and

heat loss.

claculations

1. Go back to your food chain and add

12,000 kcal’s made by producers.

Write it near the algae.

2. Now, calculate the energy passed on to each level after the algae.

Algae

Zooplankton

Small Fish

Squid

Shark

HeatLoss

Ocean Food chain

12,000 kcal

Algae

Zooplankton

Small Fish

Squid

Shark

HeatLoss

Ocean Food chain

12,000 kcal

1,200 kcal

Algae

Zooplankton

Small Fish

Squid

Shark

HeatLoss

Ocean Food chain

12,000 kcal

1,200 kcal

120 kcal

Algae

Zooplankton

Small Fish

Squid

Shark

HeatLoss

Ocean Food chain

12,000 kcal

1,200 kcal

120 kcal

12 kcal

Algae

Zooplankton

Small Fish

Squid

Shark

HeatLoss

Ocean Food chain

12,000 kcal

1,200 kcal

120 kcal

12 kcal

1.2 kcal

Food Web

Food webs show many food chain possibilities in an ecosystem.

1. Obtain a food web from the teacher.2. Based on the descriptions in the

food web, make arrows showing the transfer of energy from one organism to another.

Example: Rabbits eat large amounts of grass.

Example: Rabbits eat large amounts of grass.