ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
Natural and Man-made
Spheres That Interact
Atmosphere
HydrosphereGeospher
e
Biosphere
Write these in your notebook: Atmosphere –the air
Geosphere-the land
Hydrosphere-the water
Biosphere-anywhere life exists
Cryosphere-the ice
Energy Runs the Universe
1. All life depends on energy transformations.
2. All matter exist because of energy.
3. The sun is the source of all energy in our solar system.
When Life Ends
Life ends when the sun no longer releases energy-about 5 billion years from now!
When Life Ends
Life ends when the sun no longer releases energy-about 5 billion years from now!
When Life Ends
Life ends when the sun no longer releases energy-about 5 billion years from now!
Rules of Energy Transfers
1. Energy can neither be destroyed or created -just
transferred from one form
to another.
Man-Made Systems
Racing Example:
Chemical energy
(gasoine) is transformed
into mechanical energy.
Natural System
Light
energy is
transformed into
chemical energy
(glucose)
Rules of Energy Transfers
2. All energy transfers loose heat to the environment.
Transfers are not 100% efficient.
Food chains
Show the natural transfer of energy from one organism to another.
Go to page 69 in a biology book and copy the food chain pictures into your notebook. (Don’t forget the arrows)
Algae
Zooplankton
Small Fish
SquidShark
HeatLoss
Ocean Food chain
Ten Percent Rule
1. About 1% of the energy available at
one trophic level is available for the
next level.
2. The 90% is used by organisms for
daily life and cell functions and
heat loss.
claculations
1. Go back to your food chain and add
12,000 kcal’s made by producers.
Write it near the algae.
2. Now, calculate the energy passed on to each level after the algae.
Algae
Zooplankton
Small Fish
Squid
Shark
HeatLoss
Ocean Food chain
12,000 kcal
Algae
Zooplankton
Small Fish
Squid
Shark
HeatLoss
Ocean Food chain
12,000 kcal
1,200 kcal
Algae
Zooplankton
Small Fish
Squid
Shark
HeatLoss
Ocean Food chain
12,000 kcal
1,200 kcal
120 kcal
Algae
Zooplankton
Small Fish
Squid
Shark
HeatLoss
Ocean Food chain
12,000 kcal
1,200 kcal
120 kcal
12 kcal
Algae
Zooplankton
Small Fish
Squid
Shark
HeatLoss
Ocean Food chain
12,000 kcal
1,200 kcal
120 kcal
12 kcal
1.2 kcal
Food Web
Food webs show many food chain possibilities in an ecosystem.
1. Obtain a food web from the teacher.2. Based on the descriptions in the
food web, make arrows showing the transfer of energy from one organism to another.
Example: Rabbits eat large amounts of grass.
Example: Rabbits eat large amounts of grass.