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THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE CAPTURES THE FORMER WEST
• Justinian I (482-565) is credited for the Byzantine Empire’s recapturing of the west as a result of his status.
• Belisarius (500-565) was a General who was instrumental in the Byzantine Empire’s recapturing of the former western half of the empire.
WHO WAS JUSTINIAN?
• Known as the “Last Roman”• Unpopular ruler• Financial problems
from conquest and local projects • Heavily influenced
(possibly controlled) by his wife, the Empress Theodora
THE BYZANTINE OR ROMAN EMPIRE?
• The Byzantine empire used the structures left in place by the Romans• Most notably the law
code, sometimes referred to as Justinian's Code
• Amazing feats in architecture were made (using Greek & Roman influence)• The Empire hit its peak
under Justinian
THE GREAT SCHISM
• The Bishop in Constantinople split from the Catholic Church.
• Disputes over communion, priest marriage, and excommunication
• First major fractioning of Christianity
• The split would shape Europe for centuries
• Rome no longer had any authority over the Byzantine Empire
I Know The Pieces Fit!
FALL OF THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
• Constantinople became the center for law, art, and religion• The city was the heart of Byzantine culture• The Empire fell in 1453 after a steady decline• The Empire fell when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman
Turks • The Ottomans
would change Constantinople's name to Istanbul.
• Istanbul became an important Islamic city.
• The center of the Orthodox world moved to Moscow.
KIEVAN RUS
• Kiev was a center for trade, but susceptible to attack.• The Rus converted to
Byzantine Christianity.• Kiev can be
considered the predecessor state for modern Russia. • Kiev was eventually
defeated by the Mongols in 1240.
MUSCOVY RUS
• Known as Appendage Russia (under the Mongols)
• Khanate of the Golden Horde
• Moscow becomes the most important economic and political Russian city under the Mongols
• Muscovite Princes become “tax collectors” • Muscovite Princes had to be
appointed my the Mongols
• Population shift to the northwest begins
IVAN III (IVAN THE GREAT)
• Asserted Russian independence from the Mongols• Modeled his empire
after the Byzantine Empire • Conquered and
declared himself ruler of all Russian people • Took title “Tsar”
meaning Caesar • Established the first
united Russian State
THE MONGOL EMPIRE
• Established by Chinggis Khan• Declared ruler of all Mongols
in 1206
• Largest land Empire of all time by 1279
• Influenced Russia, China, and Persia• More indirectly they affected
Western Europe• But not India…
• Like Alexander, little administration
• Ruthless but tolerant?• Religious tolerance
THE EMPIRE SPLIT INTO FOUR
• After the Great Kahn’s death, wars over succession were fought by decedents
• Kublai Khan established Chinese portion of the Empire • This land was protected by water to the east• Big advantage over the other successor states