U N I T - V E T E R I N A RY A S S I S T I N G 2

LESSON 1:LABORATORY SKILLS – PART 2

LAB EQUIPMENT

• Refractomer – used to measurer specific gravity• Urine Analysis• Protein Concentration• Blood Plasma

• Blood Smear

• Gramm Stain• Gramm Postive Bacteria• Gramm Negative Bacteria• Use Crystal Violet• Aerobic Bacteria Culture – grows with oxygen• Anaerobic Bacterial Culture – grows without oxygen

WHAT ORGAN IS THIS AND WHAT IS WRONG WITH IT?

ANSWER

• Liver• Cancer

CELLS VS. TISSUE

• Cytology• Microscopic Study of Cells

• Histopathology• Microscopic Study of Tissue

• Biopsy• Test of cells or tissue• Punch – used for skin• Needle – used for masses on inner tissue• Add Formalin and double bag

SOREMOUTH

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

SHEEP

PIGS

CATTLE

WHAT IS WRONG WITH THIS ARRANGEMENT?

DISPLACE ABOMASUM

• Gas in abomasum pulls it above rumen along side of cow• Abomasum breaks down proteins, carbs, and fats• Common after calf is born• Also called twisted stomach• Causes cows to decrease appetite, not as

productive

METHODS TO FIX PROBLEM…

1. Roll the cow left to right2. Roll cow onto it’s back

1. Use trocar to tie abomasum in place

3. Surgical Procedure1. Open cow and suture abomasum in place2. Most expensive but best method

SO…. HOW DOES THIS TIE INTO TISSUE

All animals, especially mammals have four types of tissue• Epithelial• Connective (Tendon – muscle to bone) &

(Ligament – bone to bone)• Muscle• Nerve

Depending upon what tissue will need to be sown, will depend upon the method used to help an animal

FUNGAL CULTURES

• Dermatophyte Test Media – test hair roots

• Ringworm

Ringworm

Reservoir: Any surface contaminated with fungus

Agent: Several kinds of fungus

Transmission: Touching a contaminated surface such as cat or dog hair, brushes or

combs, cows, horses, and other animals

Human symptoms: Rash shaped in a ring on the skin, scalp, groin area, and feet

Treatment: Medicated creams, keeping area clean and dry

RINGWORM

EXTERNAL PARASITES

Mange• Caused by microscopic mites that

burrow beneath the skin.• Causes severe itching• Ivermectin is the insecticide of choice

Ear Mites

QUESTIONS (OPEN NOTES) – 30 POINTS

1. What does a refractometer measure?2. What substance do you use to determine if bacteria are

Gramm Positive or Negative?3. What type of bacteria culture grows in the presence of

oxygen?4. What is the study of tissue?5. What is cancer?6. What type of tissue is found in opening to the body? (this

tissue is affected by foot & mouth disease) 7. When testing for skin fungus, what should you test?8. How can you treat an animal with ringworm?9. What insecticide can be applied to prevent mange?10.What is a dog likely suffering from if they constantly itch

their ears?