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Unit:7 TOPIC VOCABULARY

Oscars awards sitcom wealthy trendy glamorous celebrity artist

play live director perform entertain appear stunt person music tour

Which of the words in the chart would you choose to describe these famous people on the

photos beneath?

Which famous person would you choose to advertise these products? Why?

a) Cosmetics

b) Sports clothes

c) Coffee

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ROCK GROUPS: Walk around the class

and talk to other students about rock

groups. Change partners often. Sit with

your first partner(s) and share your

findings.

Have a chat about the topics you liked.

Change topics and partners

· Barack Obama

· The Pope

· David Beckham

· Oprah Winfrey

· Nelson Mandela

· Your country’s leader

· Your country’s top singer

SYNONYM MATCH: Match the following

synonyms from the article:

1. latest a. appear

2. heights b. prizes

3. animation c. toilet

4. feature d. levels

5. bathroom e. next

6. fans f. most recent

7. upcoming g. situation comedy

8. awards h. followers

9. hugely

10. sitcom

i. cartoon

j. high

a) People in Hollywood say appearing on

The Simpsons equals stardom. T / F

b) Coldplay will be the first musical act to

appear on The Simpsons. T / F

c) There have already been 27 seasons

of the Simpsons. T / F

d) Coldplay might have to stop playing so

Bart can go to the toilet. T / F

e) Coldplay members aren’t so keen on the

show The Simpsons. T / F

f) The band will head back to Europe to

finish their world tour. T / F

g) The Simpsons is the world’s longest-

running situation comedy show. T / F

h) There are plans to end the show some

time soon. T / F

CHAT: In pairs / groups, decide which of these

topics or words from the article are most interesting

and which are most boring.

® Hollywood / The Simpsons / reaching greater

heights / animation / concerts / lottery /

® big fans / looking forward / cartoon characters

/ world tours / awards / world records

TRUE / FALSE: Look at the article’s

headline and guess whether these

sentences are true (T) or false (F):

INVITATION: Who would you like to invite

to your house? What would you do to

entertain them? Change partners and share

your ratings and ideas.

Unit:7 READING

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Coldplay to appear on The Simpsons

Hollywood insiders say a star is not really a star until he, she or they have appeared on ‘The

Simpsons’ which is the most famous TV series known worldwide.

The latest act to reach these greater heights is the British rock band Coldplay. The UK rockers

who follow a long list of artists to appear in the long-running animation (previous musicians

include Michael Jackson, U2 and the Red Hot Chili Peppers) are the cartoon versions of

Coldplay who/that will feature in the 21st season of The Simpsons, which starts on the 27th

of September. The band give a private concert at the Simpson’s house after Homer and Bart

win millions of dollars in the lottery. The latest report on the storyline is that the band has to

stop playing when Bart answers a call of nature, and goes to the bathroom. So disgusting!

The band of Coldplay, whose members are big fans of ‘The Simpsons’ , are looking forward

to seeing themselves in the upcoming episode. “It is really amusing for us to see our own

yellow-faced cartoon characters living the life Bart, Homer or Lisa have in Springfield being

part of it, although it is just for one episode.” says Chris Martin, lead singer of the band.

Even, they will also record the voiceovers for the show and provide the music.

In any case, the band, who is currently ending its latest tour of North America, will soon

return to Europe to complete their ‘Viva La Vida’ world tour. The album of the same name

has turned multi-platinum and has won many awards.

Read the text and say if the following statements are true or false. Write down the evidence

from the text.

a) A wide range list of artists has appeared in The Simpsons.

b) The cartoon versions of Coldplay star only in the opening credits of the episode.

c) The band is finishing the Viva La Vida world tour in Europe at the moment.

d) The Simpsons TV series is so famous all over the world that it has entered the Guinness

Book of World Record

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Ask these questions to your partner about the reading topic.

DISCUSSION

STUDENT A’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student B)

a) What did you think when you read the headline?

b) What springs to mind when you hear the word ‘Hollywood’?

c) When does a star become a star?

d) What do you know about the rock group Coldplay?

e) Would you like to appear in an episode of The Simpsons?

f) What greater heights have you reached?

g) Which artist or band would you like to play at your house?

h) What would you do if you won a million dollars in the lottery?

i) Have you had to stop something to answer a call of nature?

j) Do you prefer the word ‘toilet’ or ‘bathroom’ for the small room where you answer nature’s

call?

DISCUSSION

STUDENT B’s QUESTIONS (Do not show these to student A)

a) Did you like reading this article?

b) Are you a big fan of The Simpsons?

c) Why do you think The Simpsons is such a successful show?

d) What do you think it’s like to be a rock star on a world tour?

e) What are you looking forward to at the moment?

f) Have you ever won an award?

g) Do you like reading the Guinness Book of World Records?

h) What sitcoms do you like?

i) What’s your favourite cartoon series and why?

j) What questions would you like to ask Coldplay?

Unit:7 SPEAKING

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INTERNET HOMEWORK

Search in the Internet and find out more about Coldplay. Share what you discover with

your partner(s) in the next lesson.

CHAT. Share the information you have searched about Coldplay with your partner. Then,

put your opinions in common with the rest of the class.

SONG. Complete the blanks using these words.

People - was - closed – call - know - Enemy – be - world

COLDPLAY - Viva la vida

I used to rule the _______________

Seas would rise when I gave the word

Now in the morning I sweep alone

Sweep the streets I used to own

I used to roll the dice

Feel the fear in my __________'s eyes

Listen as the crowd would sing:

"Now the old king is dead! Long live the

king!"

One minute I held the key

Next the walls were _________ on me

And I discovered that my castles stand

Upon pillars of sand, pillars of sand

I hear Jerusalem bells are ringing

Roman Cavalry choirs are singing

Be my mirror my sword and shield

My missionaries in a foreign field

For some reason I can not explain

Once you ___________ there was never,

never an honest word

That was when I ruled the world

(Ohhh)

It ________ the wicked and wild wind

Blew down the doors to let me in.

Shattered windows and the sound of

drums

__________ could not believe what I'd

become

Revolutionaries Wait

For my head on a silver plate

Just a puppet on a lonely string

Oh who would ever want to _______ king?

I hear Jerusalem bells are ringing

Roman Cavalry choirs are singing

Be my mirror my sword and shield

My missionaries in a foreign field

For some reason I can not explain

I know Saint Peter will ________ my name

Never an honest word

And that was when I ruled the world

(Ohhhhh Ohhh Ohhh)

Hear Jerusalem bells are ringings

Roman Cavalry choirs are singing

Be my mirror my sword and shield

My missionaries in a foreign field

For some reason I can not explain

I know Saint Peter will call my name

Never an honest word

But that was when I ruled the world

Oooooh Oooooh Oooooh"

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DDEEFFIINNIINNGG RREELLAATTIIVVEE CCLLAAUUSSEESS

Look at these examples and answer the questions:

ØØ BBrraadd PPiitttt wwhhoo mmaaddee aa ffiillmm llaasstt yyeeaarr iiss ffaatthheerr ooff ssiixx ssoonnss..

ØØ DDaavviidd BBeecckkhhaamm wwhhoossee wwiiffee iiss VViiccttoorriiaa BBeecckkhhaamm iiss tthhee bbeesstt ffoooottbbaallll ppllaayyeerr oonn tthhee

ppllaanneett..

ØØ II ssaaww GGeeoorrggee CClloonnnneeyy’’ss ppeett wwhhiicchh iiss aa ppiigg..

ØØ II ddoonn’’tt lliikkee tthhee ssiinnggeerr tthhaatt ssiinnggss iinn tthhiiss ssoonngg..

ØØ TToomm ssaaww RRiihhaannnnaa tthhee ddaayy wwhheenn hhee wwaass iinn NNeeww YYoorrkk..

ØØ SSaamm aanndd GGiinnaa wweerree iinn tthhee ppllaaccee wwhheerree CChhrriissttiinnaa AAgguuiilleerraa wwaass ssiiggnniinngg

aauuttooggrraapphhss..

ØØ TThhaatt wwaass tthhee rreeaassoonn wwhhyy TToomm CCrruuiissee ddiiddnn’’tt aappppeeaarr iinn tthhee ffiillmm..

· Which relative is used with people?

· Which relative is used with objects?

· Which relative is used with places?

· Which relative is used with time?

Complete the rules.

a) We can use…………….instead of which, who or when.

b) We use…………….to refer to people.

c) …………….is used to refer to time.

d) We use……………to refer to objects or animals.

e) ……………is used to refer to places.

f) Who, which and that…………………. when they are the object of the relative clause.

g) Who, which and that…………………. when they are the subject of the relative clause.

Copy the examples of the exercise 1, underline each relative clause and circle the noun it

describes.

-- BBrraadd PPiitttt wwhhoo mmaaddee aa ffiillmm llaasstt yyeeaarr iiss ffaatthheerr ooff ssiixx ssoonnss..

Unit: 7 GRAMMAR

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Complete the sentences with the correct relative pronoun:

a) Michael Jackson ……… was a

famous singer died of an

overdose.

b) There are many different singers

…………. play today in Central

Park.

c) The Oscar Awards is an event

…………..is spectacular to see.

d) Penelope Cruz ……………. is a Spanish

actress has had a baby.

e) Hollywood is the place …………….. the most

famous actors record their films.

f) Angelina Jolie …………. sons are adopted

children is a very nice actress.

Rewrite the sentences using a relative pronoun in each sentence.

a) Lady Gaga sings so well. This singer is well known all over the world.

b) Jennifer Aniston is an actress. She also recorded “Friends” shop opera.

c) The Festival of Cannes is so famous. It is celebrated in France.

d) My friend John was in California. There was singing Ricky Martin.

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NNOONN--DDEEFFIINNIINNGG RREELLAATTIIVVEE CCLLAAUUSSEESS

Look at these examples, compare them with the previous examples and answer the

questions.

In the United States, where the film industry is very productive, “Oscars” are

celebrated in March. Louis B. Mayer, who is the founder of the festival, was the boss

of Metro- Goldwyn Mayer company. Many famous actors, who had worked hard, are

rewarded with an Oscar. Movies, which are nominated, are known all over the world.

· Which sentences give extra information?

· Is it possible to use that instead of which or who in non-defining relative clauses?

· Which type of information is the non-defining clause from the rest of the sentence?

· Can we use who to refer to people in non-defining clauses?

· Can we use which to refer to things?

Choose the correct answer:

1. Julia Roberts, whose brother was also an actor, was born in 1967.

a) non-defining relative clause b) defining-relative clause

2. Penelope Cruz goes to USA where she became a famous actress.

a) defining relative clause b) non-relative clause

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Rewrite these sentences using non-defining clauses.

a) “Oscars” are an important ceremony. It is celebrated in March.

b) Sofia Loren left Italy. She wants to start a new life and career in United States.

c) Cannes is a famous French town. Every year many celebrities go to.

d) Spanish people celebrate their film festival in Madrid. They call it ¨Goya Awards¨.

3. Celebrities, who dressed in elegant clothes, pose on the red carpet.

a) non-defining relative clause b) defining relative clause

4. The concert hall, which is full of public figures, is splendidly decorated.

a) non- defining relative clause b) defining relative clause

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ADJECTIVES ENDING IN –ED AND –ING.

Complete the text with the –ed or –ing form of the verbs.

IT’S THE REAL THING

Every year in Melbourne, Australia, there is a special talent competition. It is unusual and

(1)excite. It is the air guitar championship! Competitors have to pretend to play the guitar to a

piece of music of their choice. “It isn’t easy to do,” says one of the organizers. “In fact, it’s very

(2)tire”.

She tells us that there are a lot of competitors this year. “Last year we were a bit

(3)disappoint. Not many people came. But this year lots of people are (4) interest. There are

some famous musicians, like Super Dave. He’s a big star in Sidney. He is (5)amaze!”.

“Some people think that air guitar is silly,” adds one of the contestants, “but they’re just

jealous. They’re too (6)frighten to get up and do it themselves. Air guitar isn’t faking it - it’s the

real thing”

Read the sentences and answer the following questions.

It is surprising that the American films are more

famous than the Spanish ones.

He was surprised when he heard that the American

films were more famous than the Spanish ones.

a) Which adjective in bold describes a feeling?

b) Which adjective in bold describes a state?

c) How do y’ou say these adjectives in your

language.

Now complete the chart:

Choose the correct adjective

a) It is (interested / interesting) to know that Miley

Cyrus is a child although she seems an adult.

b) I felt (disappointed / disappointing) when I heard

that Michel Jackson died.

c) The most (amazed / amazing) aspect is that music is

so important in the everyday life.

d) Philip was (bored /boring) because the film was not

good, it was so (bored / boring).

Now look at the example and complete the

statement transforming one of these verbs into an

adjective: annoy, embarrass, interest, surprise,

confuse, disappoint, frighten.

Example: The party is boring, so I am bored.

· If a person or thing is __________________

then you are _________________

Unit: 7 VOCABULARY

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Adjectives with –ed and –ing.

We can form adjectives by adding –ed or –ing to the

base form of certain verbs. By doing this, each adjective

has a different meaning. With the –ed we describe (1)

______ and with the (2) ____ ending we describe states.

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The following words end on -ed. How do you pronounce this ending correctly?

Write the words into the correct column:

decided, played, started, washed, rained, smoked, showed, looked, asked, needed

Sound /t/

sound /d/

sound /id/

Listen to what Callum did last Sunday. In particular listen to how he pronounces

the 'ed' endings of his regular past simple verbs. Which group does each verb fall

into - / t /, / d / or / Id /

Sunday (1) turned ........... into a very long day. My mum was coming back from

holiday so I went to the airport to pick her up. Unfortunately her flight was (2) delayed

............ for a couple hours so I had to hang around at the airport. I went to the bookshop

and (3) browsed .......... around for a while, (4) flicked ............ through some magazines

and bought a paper to read while I (5)waited .............. She finally (6) arrived .......... at

about 5 o'clock and (7) wanted .......... to go straight home because she was so tired.

So we (8) jumped ........... in the car and I (9) dropped ............. her off at her place then

(10headed ........... to my flat in south London but when I (11) tried .............

I (12) realised ............ with horror that I must have left them in the airport bookshop

when I was paying for my paper. So I had to go all the way back to the airport but

luckily someone had handed in my keys and I was able to collect them and come home

again. It was a very, very long day.

Unit:7 -ED PRONUNCIATION

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In pairs or groups, answer these questions. Then,

put your opinions in common with the rest of the

class.

a) Do you like film festivals? Have you ever been in one

of them (The Oscars, Cannes Awards, The Goya

Awards…)?

b) Is there any local film festival in your town?

c) Have you ever participated in one film festival?

d) What kinds of films do you like the most?

e) Have you ever produced a movie or video? Do you

like the cinema industry?

Listen to this interview program and

answer the questions.

1. When and how the Portobello Film Festival

started?

2. Which films does Jonathan say they show and

how much do the filmmakers have to pay to

submit their films?

3. How many films are being shown and how do

they manage to pay for it? He mentions some

sources of funding from different

organisations, but what else does he mention

is a financial support?

4. What kind of films can be seen? Are they just

short student films or does the festival attract

big names as well?

5. When does The Portobello Film Festival end?

Match the words on the left with the definitions

on the right.

a low-budget

film

money for a project

a platform (for

something)

a descriptive way of talking about

people whose aim is to make as much

money as possible

to submit

(something)

honesty

'rabid capitalists'

being unusual and not part of the

mainstream

Funding

a film that has been made without much

money (a budget is the amount of

money that is available for something)

payment in kind

paying for something not with money

but with goods and services

Integrity

developing and experimenting with

ideas and techniques, for example

being out on a

limb

a place where something has an

opportunity to be displayed or

promoted

formulating

ideas

to send something either electronically

or through post in order to complete a

process

Unit:7 LISTENING

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Read the essay and choose the correct alternatives.

Enrique Iglesias

If I could meet anyone in the world, I should like to meet Enrique Iglesias, the singer. Enrique is

tall and slim. He is (1) also/what’s more very handsome. He has got short dark hair and dark

eyes (2) in addition/as well. He usually wears casual clothes, but he always looks very

fashionable.

Many celebrities are vain and big-headed, but Enrique Iglesias is very modest, and he hates

people taking photographs of him. In interviews, he is always very friendly. (3)In addition/As

well, he has got a great sense of humour, and he can be funny (4)too/also. He used to be quite

shy at school, but now he performs in front of thousands of people.

Some stars are really selfish, and they just want to make lots of money. The thing that I admire

most about Enrique Iglesias is that he is really good-natured and caring. (5)What’s more,/Also,

he does a lot of work for charity.

If I met Enrique Iglesias, I would ask him how he writes his songs. I would ask him for his

autograph too!.

WRITING STRATEGY

Paragraph 1

Say who you would like to meet. Describe the celebrity’s

appearance. Begin the paragraph with the phrase: If I

could meet anyone in the world,...

Paragraph 2

Describe the celebrity’s character.

Paragraph 3

Say what you admire most about this celebrity, and why.

Paragraph 4

Say what you would do if you met this celebrity. Begin

the paragraph: If I met...

What famous person would you like to know?

Write an essay about 150 to 200 words following

this example. Give reasons to support your

opinion.

UNIT: 7 WRITING

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HOLLIWOOD

¡¡HOLLYWOOD!!

When Spanish explorers first entered the area now known as Hollywood, the Spanish

Government divided this area in two: Rancho La Brea and Rancho Los Feliz.

During the 1880s, the Ranchos were sub-divided. In 1886, H. H. Wilcox bought an area of

Rancho La Brea that his wife then christened "Hollywood." Within a few years, Wilcox had

invented a plan for his new community. He paved Prospect Avenue (now Hollywood

Boulevard) for his main street and was selling large residential lots to wealthy

Midwesterners looking to build homes so they could "winter in California."

Prospect Avenue soon became a prestigious residential street populated with large Queen

Anne, Victorian, and Mission Revival houses. Mrs. Daeida Wilcox raised funds to build

churches, schools and a library and Hollywood quickly became a complete and prosperous

community. The community became independent but for a short time because there was a

great lack of water. So the community was forced to join, in 1910 the city of Los Angeles,

which had a surplus supply of water.

In 1911, the Nestor Company opened Hollywood's first film studio in an old tavern. Not long

thereafter Cecil B. DeMille and D. W. Griffith began making movies in the area drawn to the

community for its open space and moderate climate.

Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California, situated west-northwest of Downtown Los

Angeles. As you know, the most important American movies are made there, and it is a very

great and big place. Do you know where to place it in the map? Let’s try!!

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Apart from Hollywood, there are more cities where we can asist to a festival of music or

cinema such as Cannes. Do you know where it is? In Europe, in America, in Asia? Choose the

continent where we can find Cannes.

Once you have choosen the continent, in which country and city is Cannes?

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In groups, choose one of these music or film festivals:

· The Oscar Awards

· Cannes Festival

· The Goya

· BAFTA Awards

· MTV Music Awards

· 40 Principales Concert

Follow these steps:

1.- Make a poster of your favourite music or film festival.

2.- Provide some information about the location, famous people (actors,

actresses, singers, bands…) films, music, etc.

3.- Use some photos.

4.- Present your poster to the rest of the class.

Then vote the best poster!!

Unit: 7 PROJECT WORK

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GRAMMAR

Relative

pronoun

Use

example

Who

subject or

object

pronoun

for

animals

and things

I told you about the woman who

lives next door.

Which

subject or

object

pronoun

for

animals

and things

Do you see the cat which is lying on

the roof?

Which

referring

to a whole

sentence

He couldn’t read which surprised

me.

Whose

possession

for people

animals

and things

Do you know the boy whose mother

is a nurse?

Whom object pronoun for people,

especially in non-defining

relative clauses (in defining

relative clauses we colloquially

prefer who)

I was invited by the professor whom I met at the

conference.

That subject or object pronoun for

people, animals and things in

defining relative clauses (who or

which are also possible)

I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.

A relative clause is a way to add essential information to a sentence. Imagine that you are at a

social gathering with some friends and some other co-workers. You see your friend Charles

talking to a girl that is unknown to you and you want to know who she is. You could say to your

friend

“A girl is talking to Charles. Do you know the girl?”

APPENDIX

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But it sounds quite formal and abrupt. A better way to ask this question, would be to start

with the most relevant piece of information,

“Do you know the girl?”

But that doesn’t give us quite enough information; there are probably a lot of girls in the

room. So how do we distinguish this particular girl? The girl is talking to Charles, but instead of

repeating the words ‘the girl’, we use a relative pronoun, in this case you use who (the relative

pronoun used for people). So the final sentence is:

“Do you know the girl who is talking to Charles?”

Sentence patterns: Relative clauses.

A relative clause is a subordinate clause that begins with a question word (e.g. who, which,

where) or the word that. You can use it to modify a noun or pronoun (i.e. to identify or give

more information about it).

· Students who can develop independent learning skills often achieve good academic

results.

· There is a new book that investigates the controversy over political reforms in Hong

Kong.

· A university is a place where people pursue advanced knowledge in specific academic

disciplines.

· The lecture theatre in which the inauguration ceremony will be held is now being

cleaned.

1. Relative pronouns

Words like who, that and when are often referred to as relative pronouns when they are used

to introduce relative clauses. You use:

· who for people, which for things, and that for both people and things.

· whom as the object of a relative clause (in more formal English), though it is

increasingly common to replace it with who.

· whose to indicate possession, as a determiner before nouns.

For example:

· What’s the name of the person who/that first landed on the moon?

· This is Dr. Perkins, whom we met at a conference in Canada last year.

· All students whose registration numbers begin with 374 should immediately go to the

library for a tour.

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2. Types of relative clause

There are two types of relative clause: defining and non-defining. You use a defining not

separate it from the rest of the sentence by commas (in text) or pauses (in speech).

· The student who achieves the highest GPA score in this department will be awarded a

prize of $20,000.

· Computer games that involve fighting and shooting apparently have a negative effect

on young people.

(or restrictive) relative clause to ‘identify’ or ‘restrict the reference of’ a noun.

You use a non-defining (or non-restrictive) relative clause to supply additional information

about the noun, whose identity or reference is already established. You can also use it to

comment on the whole situation described in a main clause.

· Albert Einstein, who put forward the theory of relativity, is considered by many as the

most intelligent person in human history.

· The ELC, which provides language support to PolyU students, is located in the AG

wing.

You should not use the relative pronoun that in non-defining relative clauses.

REMEMBER:

Defining relative clauses:

- have no commas;

- can replace who, or which with that;

- can omit who, which or that when they are the object of the clause.

Non-defining relative clauses:

- use commas (or pauses in spoken English);

- do not use that;

- cannot omit relative pronouns

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ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS

beat /bi:t/ Beat /bi:t/ beaten /'bi:tn/

become /bɪ 'kʌm/ became /bɪ 'keɪm/ become /bɪ 'kʌm/

begin /bɪ 'gɪn/ began /bɪ 'gæn/ begun /bɪ 'gʌn/

bend /bend/ Bent /bent/ bent /bent/

bind /baɪnd/ bound /baʊnd/ bound /baʊnd/

bite /baɪt/ Bit /bɪt/ bitten /'bɪtn/

bleed /bli:d/ Bled /bled/ bled /bled/

blow /blou/ Blew /blu:/ blown /bloun/

break /breɪk/ broke /brouk/ broken /'broukən/

bring /brɪŋ/ brought /brɔ:t/ brought /brɔ:t/

build /bɪld/ built /bɪlt/ built /bɪlt/

burn /bɜ:rn/ burnt /bɜ:rnt/ burnt /bɜ:rnt/

burn /bɜ:rn/ burned /bɜ:rnd/ burned /bɜ:rnd/

buy /baɪ/ bought /bɔ:t/ bought /bɔ:t/

catch /kætʃ/ caught /kɔ:t/ caught /kɔ:t/

choose /tʃu:z/ chose /tʃouz/ chosen /'tʃouzən/

come /kʌm/ came /keɪm/ come /kʌm/

cost /kɒst/ Cost /kɒst/ cost /kɒst/

cut /kʌt/ Cut /kʌt/ cut /kʌt/

dig /dɪg/ Dug /dʌg/ dug /dʌg/

do /du:/ Did /dɪd/ done /dʌn/

draw /drɔ:/ drew /dru:/ drawn /drɔ:n/

dream /dri:m/ dreamt /dremt/ dreamt /dremt/

dream /dri:m/ dreamed /dri:md/ dreamed /dri:md/

drink /drɪŋk/ drank /dræŋk/ drunk /drʌŋk/

drive /draɪv/ drove /drouv/ driven /'drɪvən/

eat /i:t/ Ate /eɪt, et/ eaten /'i:tn/

fall /fɔ:l/ Fell /fel/ fallen /'fɔ:lən/

feed /fi:d/ Fed /fed/ fed /fed/

feel /fi:l/ Felt /felt/ felt /felt/

fight /faɪt/ fought /fɔ:t/ fought /fɔ:t/

find /faɪnd/ found /faʊnd/ found /faʊnd/

fly /flaɪ/ Flew /flu:/ flown /floun/

forget /fər 'get/ forgot /fər 'gɒt/ forgotten /fər 'gɒtn/

forgive /fər 'gɪv/ forgave /fər 'geɪv/ forgiven /fər 'gɪvən/

freeze /fri:z/ froze /frouz/ frozen /'frouzən/

get /get/ Got /gɒt/ got /gɒt/

get /get/ Got /gɒt/ gotten /'gɒtn/

give /gɪv/ gave /geɪv/ given /'gɪvən/

go /gou/ went /went/ gone /gɒn/

grow /grou/ grew /gru:/ grown /groun/

hang /hæŋ/ hung /hʌŋ/ hung /hʌŋ/

have /hæv/ Had /hæd/ had /hæd/

hear /hɪər/ heard /hɜ:rd/ heard /hɜ:rd/

hide /haɪd/ Hid /hɪd/ hidden /'hɪdn/

hit /hɪt/ Hit /hɪt/ hit /hɪt/

hold /hould/ Held /held/ held /held/

hurt /hɜ:rt/ Hurt /hɜ:rt/ hurt /hɜ:rt/

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keep /ki:p/ kept /kept/ kept /kept/

know /nou/ knew /nu:/ known /noun/

lay /leɪ/ Laid /leɪd/ laid /leɪd/

lead /li:d/ Led /led/ led /led/

learn /lɜ:rn/ learnt /lɜ:rnt/ learnt /lɜ:rnt/

learn /lɜ:rn/ learned /lɜ:rnd/ learned /lɜ:rnd/

leave /li:v/ Left /left/ left /left/

lend /lend/ Lent /lent/ lent /lent/

let /let/ Let /let/ let /let/

lie /laɪ/ Lay /leɪ/ lain /leɪn/

lose /lu:z/ Lost /lɒst/ lost /lɒst/

make /meɪk/ made /meɪd/ made /meɪd/

mean /mi:n/ meant /ment/ meant /ment/

meet /mi:t/ Met /met/ met /met/

pay /peɪ/ paid /peɪd/ paid /peɪd/

put /pʊt/ Put /pʊt/ put /pʊt/

read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/

ride /raɪd/ rode /roud/ ridden /'rɪdn/

ring /rɪŋ/ rang /ræŋ/ rung /rʌŋ/

rise /raɪz/ Rose /rouz/ risen /'rɪzən/

run /rʌn/ Ran /ræn/ run /rʌn/

say /seɪ/ Said /sed/ said /sed/

see /si:/ Saw /sɔ:/ seen /si:n/

sell /sel/ Sold /sould/ sold /sould/

send /send/ Sent /sent/ sent /sent/

set /set/ Set /set/ set /set/

shake /ʃeɪk/ shook /ʃʊk/ shaken /'ʃeɪkən/

shine /ʃaɪn/ shone /ʃoun, ʃɒn/ shone /ʃoun, ʃɒn/

shoot /ʃu:t/ shot /ʃɒt/ shot /ʃɒt/

show /ʃou/ showed /ʃoud/ shown /ʃoun/

shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/ shut /ʃʌt/

sing /sɪŋ/ sang /sæŋ/ sung /sʌŋ/

sink /sɪŋk/ sank /sæŋk/ sunk /sʌŋk/

sit /sɪt/ Sat /sæt/ sat /sæt/

sleep /sli:p/ slept /slept/ slept /slept/

smell /smel/ smelt /smelt/ smelt /smelt/

smell /smel/ smelled /smeld/ smelled /smeld/

speak /spi:k/ spoke /spouk/ spoken /'spoukən/

spell /spel/ spelt /spelt/ spelt /spelt/

spell /spel/ spelled /speld/ spelled /speld/

spend /spend/ spent /spent/ spent /spent/

spill /spɪl/ spilt /spɪlt/ spilt /spɪlt/

spill /spɪl/ spilled /spɪld/ spilled /spɪld/

spit /spɪt/ spat /spæt/ spat /spæt/

spit /spɪt/ Spit /spɪt/ spit /spɪt/

split /splɪt/ split /splɪt/ split /splɪt/

spoil /spoɪl/ spoilt /spoɪlt/ spoilt /spoɪlt/

spoil /spoɪl/ spoiled /spoɪld/ spoiled /spoɪld/

stand /stænd/ stood /stʊd/ stood /stʊd/

steal /sti:l/ stole /stoul/ stolen /'stoulən/

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strike /straɪk/ struck /strʌk/ struck /strʌk/

Swim /swɪm/ swam /swæm/ swum /swʌm/

Take /teɪk/ Took /tʊk/ taken /'teɪkən/

Teach /ti:tʃ/ taught /tɔ:t/ taught /tɔ:t/

Tear /teər/ Tore /tɔr/ torn /tɔrn/

Tell /tel/ Told /tould/ told /tould/

Think /θɪŋk/ thought /θɔ:t/ thought /θɔ:t/

Throw /θrou/ threw /θru:/ thrown /θroun/

Understand /ʌndər 'stænd/ understood /ʌndər 'stʊd/ understood /ʌndər 'stʊd/

Wake /weɪk/ woke /wouk/ woken /'woukən/

Wear /weər/ wore /wɔr/ worn /wɔrn/

Win /wɪn/ Won /wʌn/ won /wʌn/

Write /raɪt/ wrote /rout/ written /'rɪtn/

-ED and –ING adjectives.

We use adjectives ending in “ING” to describe something or someone.

Examples:

Maria is watching a very interesting movie.

I hate that teacher. He is really boring.

We use adjectives ending in “ED” when we want to describe how people feel.

Examples:

This movie isn’t interesting. I am bored.

Juan is very exited because he is going to travel to Miami for the first time.

Conclusions

- We can use adjectives ending in “ing” for things or people. Remember that when we use

“ing” it is describing the person or thing.

- We can use the “ed” ONLY for people (or animals) because THINGS CANNOT FEEL.

We can say:

Felipe is boring. (describes his personality).

Felipe is bored. (he feels bored at the moment)

We can’t say:

The TV program is bored – INCORRECT (because things can’t feel).

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PRONUNCIATION -ED

Three Different Pronunciations for Words Ending with "-ed"

For English past tense pronunciation of regular verbs, the "-ed" ending has the following three

distinct pronunciations:

/id/

/t/

/d/

Examples of /id/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs

"want" becomes "wanted" and is pronounced "want/id/" (two syllables)

"need" becomes "needed" and is pronounced "need/id/" (two syllables)

"decide" becomes "decided" and is pronounced "decide/id/" (three syllables)

"dedicate" becomes "dedicated" and is pronounced "dedicate/id/" (four syllables)

Teaching English Past Tense Pronunciation— /t/ and /d/ Endings

How to differentiate between past tense verbs with a /t/ ending and a /d/ ending is a bit more

difficult. Many students will think that it is just a matter of memorizing which letters at the end

of the word (the base form of the verb) take a /t/ and which take a /d/. This strategy will work

for many verbs, but not all.

The better pronunciation rule is to teach how to distinguish between voiced and unvoiced

sounds. The "-ed" ending of unvoiced sounds takes on a /t/. Voiced sounds take on a /d/.

Examples of /t/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs

"laugh" becomes "laughed" and is pronounced "laugh/t/" (one syllable)

"walk" becomes "walked" and is pronounced "walk/t/" (one syllable)

"kiss" becomes "kissed" and is pronounced "kiss/t/" (one syllable)

"finish" becomes "finished" and is pronounced "finish/t/" (two syllables)

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Examples of /d/ Endings for Past Tense Verbs

"clean" becomes "cleaned" and is pronounced "clean/d/" (one syllable)

"dream" becomes "dreamed" and is pronounced "dream/d/" (one syllable; note that "dreamt"

is the British English version of the past tense of "dream")

"save" becomes "saved" and is pronounced "save/d/" (one syllable)

"enjoy" becomes "enjoyed" and is pronounced "enjoy/d/" (two syllables)

"marry" becomes "married" and is pronounced "marry/d/" (two syllables)

Exceptions to the "-ed" Endings Rules

Pronunciation of the past participles of some verbs that are being used as adjectives are based

on a second syllable that will be added even if the base form does not end in a /t/ or /d/ sound,

and the "-ed" ending will be pronounced as /id/.

Common past participles used as adjectives with an additional syllable are: aged, blessed,

crooked, dogged, learned, ragged, and wretched.

Fortunately, this exceptions doesn't apply to the pronunciation of English past tense verbs, just

past participles when they are used as adjectives.

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TRANSCRIPT Portobello Film Festival

Callum: Hello, I’m Callum Robertson and this is Entertainment. Our topic today is films and

film festivals. You may have heard of the Venice Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival,

glamorous occasions with A-list celebrities from the movie world turning out to promote their

latest projects. A festival you might not know is the Portobello Film Festival which is currently

taking place in Portobello, an area of West London. It’s had its own independent film festival

for a number of years and to learn more about it I spoke to the festival’s director Jonathan

Barnett. Hi, Jonathan! What an interesting event! When and how this film festival started?

Jonathan Barnett: Well, it started in 1996 because even back in those days there were people

making very low budget films which were produced often using video equipment and there

wasn’t really anywhere for them to show their films what it looked like a little disappointing

for everybody, so we thought it would be nice to provide a platform for these filmmakers. We

had the mad idea at the time of showing every film that was submitted and we also decided

not to charge because I suppose at heart we weren’t rabid capitalists.

Callum: How many films are being shown and how do they manage to pay for it?

Jonathan Barnett: This year we’re showing 700 films. The money comes in from funding, we

get money from people like Film London and the Arts Council and also we get a lot of ‘in kind’

support from sponsors. So we don’t have to pay for advertising, we don’t have to pay for

launch parties, we don’t have to pay for prizes.

Callum: Over the first three weeks of August 700 films are being shown as part of the

Portobello Film Festival. What kind of films can be seen? Are they just short student films or

does the festival attract big names as well?

Jonathan Barnett: The actual films which/that we’re showing are a lot better than anything

you’ll see mostly on the tele or in the multiplexes and it’s everything from student films and we

also get stuff from talented top filmmakers like, for instance, John Malkovich. So I think

because we’re a festival which/that has a reputation for a certain amount of integrity and also

being a little bit out on a limb we attract the big names as well as people who are just starting

out. The first year of the festival we had Guy Ritchie’s first film which was called the Hard Case,

which was amazing, it’s exactly the same as Lock Stock and Snatch but he was kind of

formulating his ideas and it was a short film. But in reality, what we want this festival to be is a

kind of cross between Glastonbury and Edinburgh, but for free and set in Portobello Road.

Callum: Well, I’m so excited to go and see all those films! Thank you very much, Barnett! And

that’s all from Entertainment this week. Thank you and see you next week!

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PHONETICS

Vowel sounds

Consonants sounds

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Consonant sounds