United Nations Development Assistance Framework for Iraq

Strategic Planning Retreat

15 – 17 November, 2009Landmark Hotel, Amman

المتحدة اإطار اإلنمائية لألمم لمساعدةللعراق

ا إجتماع ستراتيجيإلالتخطيطالثاني 17 – 15 2009تشرين

عمان الندمارك فندق

Strategic Planning Workshop

IRAQ

Day Two

Results-based Management

for Formulating Outcomes

RBM is about performance monitoring i.e.objectively measure how well results

are being achieved, andreport on measures taken to improve them

What is results based management?

RBM is a management approach aimed at ensuringthat activities achieve desired results

What is a Result ?

A Result is a describable or measurable

changeresulting from a cause-and effect

relationship

Three levels of results

• Impact

• Outcome

• Output

The likely or achieved short-term andmedium-term effects of an intervention’soutputs.

Positive and negative, primary and secondarylong-term effects produced by adevelopment intervention, directly or indirectly,intended or unintended.

Impact:

Outcome:

Outputs:

Definitions (from OECD/CDA)

The products and services which result from the completion of activities within a development intervention.

Human change

Goods and services, skills and

capacities

Institutional and behavioral change

Medium-term changes which result from the achievement of a number of outputs

Long-term change produced by the combination of a number of outcomes

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Definitions

Short-term changes which result from the completion of a number of activities within a development intervention

Types of Change

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Changes in the lives of people

Institutional Change: values, laws – associated with institutional performance, new

institutions

Behavioural change: new attitudes, practices

Operational Change: products and services – knowledge, skills

A typology for RBM: Poverty Reduction

Outcome

Impact

Output

Output

Poverty reduced

3000 new small enterprises

developed in poorest provinces

7 model business incubators

operational in poorest provinces

- Acquire facilities - Staff training - Micro-credit provision..

Results Such as: Focus

@Timeframe

<3 years

<3 years

5 years

5 - 10 years

more

less

Collective

accountabili

ty

Institucional

/ Behavioural

Operational

skills, abilities, products and

services

Human!

OutcomeEmployment and income generation increased

Institucional

/ Behavioural

5 years

then if

if

if

then

then

A typology for RBM–Governance, Participation

Outcome

Impact

Output

Output

Citizens and organizations participate in

decision making

Increased Social Cohesion

Civil groups & Institutions

with capacity to deal wit conflict

peacefully

Citizens with awareness of human rights

issues

Results Such as: Focus

@Timeframe

<3 years

<3 years

5 years

5 - 10 years

more

less

Collective

accountabili

ty

Institucional

/ Behavioural

Operational

skills, abilities, products and

services

Human!

OutcomeEmpowered

individuals and groups,

strengthened institutions

Institucional

/ Behavioural

5 years

then if

if

if

then

then

Assumptions and Risks

Assumption: A Definition

A necessary condition for the achievement of results at different levels.

Part of the cause-effect logic

Stated as though it is actually the case

Less probable at the higher level of the hierarchy

Can help identify additional results or outputs

Risk: A Definition

A potential event or occurrence beyond the control of the programme that could adversely affect the achievement of the desired results

A threat to success

Not just the negative of an assumption

A trigger for reconsideration of strategic direction

then

Assumptions and Risks

There is good distribution system

Unable to comply with international food regulations

if

then

and if

and ifif

Increased standards of living

among fishing communities

Increased standards of living

among fishing communities

Family & company incomes increase from previous year

Family & company incomes increase from previous year

65 tons of fish caught each day

Rate of fishing is sustainable

Inflation reduces value of income

Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring vs. EvaluationMonitoring Evaluation

Systematic, ongoing

During programme implementation

Tracking of activities and progress

According to AWP

For short term corrective action

Accountability for implementation

Contributes to evaluation

Conducted by insiders

Are we doing things right?

Systematic, periodic

During and after programme implementation

Judgement of merit, value or worth of a programme/project

Compared to evaluation criteria (relevance, effectiveness, impact)

For decision-making about future programmes

Accountability for results

For office & organizational learning

Conducted by impartial outsiders

Did we do the rights things?

What is an indicator?

A tool to measure evidence of progress towards a result or that a result has been achieved

Indicators

Indicators describe how the intended results will be measured - accountability

Objectively verifiable, repeatable measures of a particular condition

They force clarification of what is meant by the result …….the fine print!

Must be accompanied by baselines and targets

Formulation of UNDAF Outcomes

UNDAF Results Matrix (One table for each UNDAF outcome)

National priority or goals: One or more priorities or goals from the national development framework, that relate to the MD/MDGs or other internationally agreed development goals and treaty obligationsExpressed as a measurable, achievable, sustainable change in the lives of people.

UNDAF outcome The UNDAF outcome makes a contribution to the achievement of the national priority or goalNormally, it requires the efforts of two or more UN agencies and their partners, and it relies on critical assumptions about the roles of partners outside the framework of the UNDAFTypically, it is expressed as institutional or behavioural change at national or sub-national levels, to be achieved by the end of the UNDAF cycle

Agency outcomes Outputs Role of partnersResource mobilization

targets

Agency outcome (Agency 1)The institutional or behavioural changes expected from agency cooperationThe sum of agency outcomes in this column, together with the contributions of other partners, should be sufficient to achieve the UNDAF outcome.

Outputs (Agency 1)The specific products, services, or changes in processes resulting from agency cooperationThe sum of outputs should achieve the agency outcome to the left

Describes the role and contributions of partners for achievement of results

Indicative estimates of the agency resources to be made available for cooperation, broken down by regular and other resources.

Agency outcome (Agency 2&3)…

Outputs (Agency 2)Outputs (Agency 3)

Coordination Mechanisms and Programme Modalities: The coordination mechanisms needed among UN agencies and partners to ensure the achievement of results, including joint programmes.

The HIGH LEVEL RESULTS of UNCT action

Changes in institutional performance or behaviours

Strategic contribution to the country priorities/MDGs

Focus on key priorities

No of UNDAF outcomes depends on challenges and UNCT comparative advantages

Collective UNCT results, i.e., produced by the combined effects of agency outcomes

Reflect a choice about strategy or policy

Debatable & controversial

UNDAF Outcomes: Definition & key features

Typical pitfalls• Wordy (..and no change language)

To promote equitable economic development and democratic governance in accordance with international norms by strengthening national capacities at all levels and empowering citizens and increasing their participation in decision-making processes

• Too ambitiousStrengthened rule of law, equal access to justice and the promotion of rights

• Containing multiple resultsThe state improves its delivery of services and its protection of rights—with the involvement of civil society and in compliance with its international commitments

Typical pitfalls• Wishy-washy, not a result (ie. Support provided to improve..)

Support to institutional capacity building for improved governance

• So general, they could mean anythingTo promote sustainable development and increase capacity at municipal level

• Overlapping with National goals/ MDGs (impacts) Substantially reduce the level of poverty and income inequality in accordance with the MDGs and PRSP

• Confusing means and endsStrengthen the protection of natural resources through the creation of an enabling environment that promotes sound resources management

Group Work (60 min)

Choose one of the matches to work on - In groups:

Formulate potential UNDAF outcomes • Review the major development problems and

comparative advantages

• Formulate 1 potential UNDAF level outcome

• Identify one or two corresponding indicators.

• Use a flip chart to put up the outcomes and indicators.

Refining results…To strengthen the capacity of civil

servants to do X by undertaking Y,…

The capacity of civil servants is strengthened to do X by undertaking Y,…

The capacity of civil servants in the4 poorest districts is strengthened to

do X by undertaking Y,…

The capacity of civil servants in the 4 poorest districts is strengthened to do X

by undertaking Y,…

Civil servants in the 4 poorest districts are better able to X

Let’s use results language to emphasis the future condition

we want to achieve.

All civil servants, everywhere? Can you be more specific? Are

there particularly weak or under-resourced civil servants we

should emphasise?

We can take out information that relates to either strategy

or activities.

Now, let’s try bringing the subject of change to the front, and shifting from

passive to active language.

Sharpening the Priorities & UNDAF Outcomes

Results Gallery

Results Gallery: InstructionsBefore Rotation• Select 1 or 2 people from your group to stay at your stall

to explain the matrix and to receive feedback

During Rotation (every 10 minutes)

• Rotate as a group through other stalls• Examine the poster at that stall • Using post-its: Make comments & suggestions for addition

and/or reformulation

 After Rotation is Completed• Unite with your original small group at your stall • Discuss the received comments & incorporate suggestions

Sharpening the Priorities & UNDAF Outcomes

Plenary Agreement

Formulating Agency Ouctomes

Agency Outcomes The 2nd level Results of UN system cooperation

Sum of the agency outcomes contribute to the achievement of UNDAF outcomes

In general, 4 or 5 Agency Outcomes suggested per UNDAF outcome

Accountability may be single agency, but is almost invariably shared across agencies

Produced by the combined effects of outputs

Normally not as controversial and debatable as UNDAF outcomes (…but may be)

Agency Outcome - Group Work

In Groups per each UNDAF outcome

– Identify and formulate at least 2 contributing agency outcomes, with 1-2 indicators each

• Use the checklist in the Technical Briefs

Validating and refining Agency Outcomes

Results Gallery: InstructionsBefore Rotation• Select 1 or 2 people from your group to stay at your stall

to explain the matrix and to receive feedback

During Rotation (every 10 minutes)

• Rotate as a group through other stalls• Examine the poster at that stall • Using post-its: Make comments & suggestions for addition

and/or reformulation

 After Rotation is Completed• Unite with your original small group at your stall • Discuss the received comments & incorporate suggestions