UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

DEVELOPMENT OF HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR

CONDITIONING (HVAC) CONTROL MONITORING

SYSTEM (CMS) USING ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER IN

POULTRY HOUSE MODEL.

This report is submitted in accordance with the requirement of the

UniversitiTeknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) for the Bachelor Degree of

Mechanical Engineering Technology (Refrigeration& Air-Conditioning System)

with Honours

by

SARNI NUR ATIKAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN

B071210544

910827105832

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

2015

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA

TAJUK: Development Of Heating, Ventilating And Air Conditioning(HVAC)

Control Monitoring System(Cms) Using Arduino Microcontroller In Model

Poultry House.

SESI PENGAJIAN: 2015/16 Semester 2

SayaSARNI NUR ATIKAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN

MengakumembenarkanLaporan PSM inidisimpan di PerpustakaanUniversitiTeknikal

Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) dengansyarat-syaratkegunaansepertiberikut:

1. Laporan PSM adalah hak milik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dan penulis. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka dibenarkan membuat salinan

untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja dengan izin penulis. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan PSM ini sebagai bahan

pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

4. **Silatandakan ( ) SULIT

TERHAD

√

TIDAK TERHAD

(Mengandungimaklumat yang

berdarjahkeselamatanataukepentingan Malaysia

sebagaimana yang termaktubdalam AKTA RAHSIA

RASMI 1972)

(Mengandungimaklumat TERHAD yang

telahditentukanolehorganisasi/badan di mana

penyelidikandijalankan)

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS)

AlamatTetap:

M2-3-02 Jalan 10/2,

Taman Perkasa Fasa 2,

43100, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Tarikh: ________________________

Disahkanoleh:

(TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)

Cop Rasmi:

Tarikh: _______________________

** Jika Laporan PSM ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi

berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh laporan PSM ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai

SULIT atau TERHAD.

iii

DECLARATION

I hereby, declared this report entitled “Development Of Heating, Ventilating And

Air Conditioning (HVAC) Control Monitoring System (CMS) Using Arduino

Microcontroller In Model Poultry House” is the results of my own research

except as cited in references.

Signature :………………………

Name : ………………………

Date : ………………………

iv

APPROVAL

This report is submitted to the Faculty of Engineering Technology of UTeM as a

partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical

EngineeringTechnology (Refrigeration& Air-Conditioning System)(Hons.)

The member of the supervisory is as follow:

……………………………….

(MR. AZWAN BIN AZIZ)

v

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is in development of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) of Control Monitoring system using Arduino Microcontroller in Poultry HouseModel. This paper fuses outline and advancement of temperature, humidity and light control and monitoring system conducted by Arduino Microcontroller. The system takes into consideration a client in information they required conditions in regards to the encompassing climate's parameters prerequisites. This study comprises of two modules. One is the parameters observing and the other one is the parameter controlling. Controlling and monitoring physical parameters like temperature and light is outmost significance. A poultry house controller arranged inside of poultry house manages the relative humidity and temperature inside of the poultry house by means of incitation of fans because of temperature and humidity sensor individually. A temperature/humidity sensor DHT11 will be utilized for the purposed of measuring temperature and humidity while a LDR sensor will be utilized for measuring light intensity. A microcontroller then thinks about the natural conditions against the client requirements, and actuators change the scenes until the fancied conditions have made.Arduino Mega board to process the data information and able to display and save in the serial monitor and REALTERM software.Finally, the effectiveness of Arduino microcontroller as a based system will be determined.

vi

ABSTRAK

Tujuan kajian ini adalah dalam pembangunan Pemanasan, Pengudaraan, dan pendingin hawa (HVAC) sistem Pemantauan Kawalan menggunakan Arduino mikropengawal dalam Model Poultry House. Kertas kerja ini menggabungkan garis dan kemajuan suhu, kelembapan dan cahaya kawalan dan sistem pemantauan yang dijalankan oleh mikropengawal Arduino. Sistem ini mengambil kira pelanggan maklumat dalam mereka memerlukan syarat-syarat dalam hal parameter prasyarat iklim. Kajian ini terdiri daripada dua modul. Satu adalah parameter memerhati dan yang lain adalah mengawal parameter. Mengawal dan memantau parameter fizikal seperti suhu dan cahaya adalah penting. Sebuah pengawal rumah ayam diatur dalam rumah ayam menguruskan kelembapan relatif dan suhu dalam rumah ayam dengan cara incitation peminat kerana suhu dan kelembapan sensor secara individu. Suhu / kelembapan sensor DHT11 akan digunakan untuk mengukur suhu dan kelembapan manakala sensor LDR akan digunakan untuk mengukur keamatan cahaya. Mikropengawal kemudian berfikir tentang keadaan semula jadi terhadap keperluan pelanggan, dan penggerak menukar keadaan sehingga syarat-syarat yang telah dibuat. Arduino Mega papan untuk memproses maklumat data dan dapat memaparkan dan simpan dalam memantau dan REALTERM perisian siri. Akhir sekali, keberkesanan sistem mengunakan Arduino dapat diperolehi.

vii

DEDICATIONS

My dedication go to my family members especially my parents,

AbdulRahman bin Ibrahim and ShamsiahbintiYahyafor their fully support

throughout the year to accomplish my final year project successfully. Special thanks

also go to my beloved friends who really help me direct or indirect in my project and

I really appreciate all their help and support. Thank you.

viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Alhamdulillah, Thanks to Allah S.W.T. for blessing and mercy, for giving me

strength to complete the final year project. Firstly, I would like to express my

gratitude to all those who have made the completion of this thesis possible. Special

thanks goes to my helpful supervisor, Mr Azwan bin Aziz whose help me throughout

the researched and thesis writing. The supervision and support that he gave me has

truly helped the progression and smoothness of the project and his co-operation

much appreciated. My grateful thanks also go to Aminurrashid bin Noordinfor his

contribution and hard work to help in me in my final year project.

Not forget my family who support and encourage me with a lot of love and

prayers that comfort and relief me. I also grateful because always having a good

health during this research study. Finally I would like to thanks with a fully

appreciation to my friends that always help me and support me in finished my

research study.

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. iii

APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................... iv

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................... v

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................... vi

DEDICATIONS .................................................................................................................. vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ xii

LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xiv

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................ xv

CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Problem Statements ................................................................................................. 2

1.3 Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................... 3

1.4 Work Scope of The Study ....................................................................................... 4

1.5 Expected Results ..................................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................... 5

2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5

2.1 Type of Control Monitoring System ....................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Conversional system ........................................................................................ 5

2.1.2 Automatic system ............................................................................................. 6

2.1.2.1 PIC Microcontroller .................................................................................. 6

x

2.1.2.2 PID controller ........................................................................................... 7

2.1.2.3 ARDUINO microcontroller ...................................................................... 8

2.2 Parameters ............................................................................................................... 8

2.2.1 Temperature ..................................................................................................... 9

2.2.2 Humidity ........................................................................................................ 11

2.2.3 Lighting .......................................................................................................... 12

2.3 Display mode ......................................................................................................... 17

2.4 Recommendation from the past studies ................................................................. 18

2.5 The reason why we should study the CMS in a Poultry House ............................ 18

CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................ 19

3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 19

3.1 Materials ................................................................................................................ 22

3.1.1 Arduino MEGA (Arduino, Italy) ................................................................... 22

3.1.2 DHT11 Sensor ................................................................................................ 23

3.1.3 LDR sensor .................................................................................................... 24

3.1.4 Medium Power Linear Switching NPN transistor (TIP31C) ......................... 24

3.1.5 Serial 20x4 LCD Display ............................................................................... 25

3.1.6 Fan and adapter .............................................................................................. 25

3.1.7 Resistors ......................................................................................................... 26

3.1.8 Diode .............................................................................................................. 26

3.1.9 Capacitor ........................................................................................................ 27

3.1.10 Light source 100Watt ..................................................................................... 27

3.2 Development of the Control Monitoring System .................................................. 28

xi

3.2.1 Poultry House Model Design ......................................................................... 28

3.2.2 Proposed System Design ................................................................................ 30

3.2.2.1 Input/output Block .................................................................................. 31

3.2.2.2 System Microcontroller .......................................................................... 31

3.2.2.3 Power Monitoring system ....................................................................... 31

3.2.3 Hardware Development Process .................................................................... 32

3.2.4 Software Development Process...................................................................... 33

3.3 Experiment Procedure ........................................................................................... 35

CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................ 42

4.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 42

4.1 Experiment Result ................................................................................................. 42

4.1.1 Power Monitoring Development .................................................................... 42

4.1.2 Evaluation and Analysis ................................................................................. 44

4.2 Hardware Development and Experimental Works ................................................ 50

CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................ 51

5.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 51

5.1 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 51

5.2 Recommendation ................................................................................................... 52

APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................... 54

APPENDIX B ...................................................................................................................... 55

APPENDIX C ...................................................................................................................... 56

REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 57

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1: Closed Loop Control System, (Seminar et. al., 2011) ............................... 6

Figure 2.2: Basic structure of poultry house with PID and Fuzzy controller, ............. 7

Figure 2.3: Arduino microcontroller ............................................................................ 8

Figure 2.4: Schematic Concept Modelling Temperature and Humidity in the Broiler House (Alimuddin et. al., 2011). ................................................................... 10

Figure 2.5: Poultry photonics spectral sensitivity compared to that of human CIE .. 12

Figure 2.6: 12-volt lighting system for small poultry houses .................................... 14

Figure 2.7: Kerosene lights in a large poultry house without electricity. ................. 15

Figure 2.8: Examples of LED bulbs for lighting poultry, (Watkins, 2012). .............. 16

Figure 2.9: Real Time Schematic diagram of WSN,(Chelli & Chavhan, 2012) ........ 17

Figure 3.1: Flow Chart of the Experimental study ..................................................... 20

Figure 3.2: Flow Chart of the Experimental study ..................................................... 21

Figure 3.3:Arduino Mega ........................................................................................... 22

Figure 3.4: DHT11 sensor .......................................................................................... 23

Figure 3.5: LDR sensor .............................................................................................. 24

Figure 3.6: Medium Power Linear Switching NPN transistor ................................... 24

Figure 3.7: LCD Display ............................................................................................ 25

Figure 3.8: Fan and Adaptor ...................................................................................... 25

Figure 3.9: Resistor220Ω5% Tolerance ..................................................................... 26

Figure 3.10: Diode ..................................................................................................... 26

Figure 3.11: Capacitor ................................................................................................ 27

Figure 3.12: Poultry House Model Design ............................................................... 28

Figure 3.13: Poultry House Model Dimension ........................................................ 29

Figure 3.14: Poultry House Model (Front View) ....................................................... 29

Figure 3.15: Poultry House Model (Side View) ....................................................... 29

Figure 3.16: Poultry House Model (Top View) ........................................................ 30

Figure 3.17: Block Diagram of Proposed System ...................................................... 30

Figure 3.18: Hardware Development Process ............................................................ 32

Figure 3.19: Testing system process .......................................................................... 33

Figure 3.20: Process of Processing Software ............................................................. 33

Figure 3.21:ARDUINO (IDE software) ..................................................................... 34

Figure 3.22: REALTERM software ........................................................................... 34

Figure 3.23: Overal Experiment Process ................................................................... 35

Figure 3.24: Checking wiring connection .................................................................. 36

Figure 3.25: Connection USB with laptop ................................................................. 36

Figure 3.26: Ready for installation ............................................................................ 36

Figure 3.27: Position of DHT Sensors ....................................................................... 37

xiii

Figure3.28: DHT11 (Temp) ....................................................................................... 37

Figure 3.29: DHT11 (Temp1and Temp2) .................................................................. 37

Figure 3.30: LDR sensor ............................................................................................ 38

Figure 3.31: Arduino IDE .......................................................................................... 38

Figure 3.32: Switch on light and fan .......................................................................... 39

Figure 3.33: ARDUINO and REALTERM software ................................................. 39

Figure 3.34: REALTERM (port) ............................................................................... 40

Figure 3.35: REALTERM (send) ............................................................................... 40

Figure 3.36: REALTERM (Capture) ......................................................................... 40

Figure 3.37: Example Plotted graph for experimental result ..................................... 41

Figure 3.38: Measured Lux using Lux meter ............................................................. 41

Figure 4.1: Complete internal components of the Arduino-CMS .............................. 43

Figure 4.2: The Final Arduino-CMS .......................................................................... 43

Figure 4.3: Real-Time Graph for the 30 minutes (Light intensity vs. time) .............. 45

Figure 4.4: Measuring Lux using Lux Meter ............................................................. 46

Figure 4.5: Real-Time for 30minutes (Temperature vs. time) ................................... 47

Figure 4.6: Real-Time Graph for the 30minutes (Humidity vs. time) ....................... 48

xiv

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1: Parameters in a closed house, including using CFD................................... 9

Table 2.2: Suggested Lighting Guide for Poultry Production1 (Clarke et al., 2006) . 13

Table 2.3: The Spectrum of Visible Light, (Fanatico, 2007) ..................................... 14

Table 3.1: Specification of Arduino MEGA .............................................................. 22

Table 3.2: Specification of DHT11 ............................................................................ 23

Table 3.3: Specification of Poultry House Model. ..................................................... 28

Table 3.4: Acceptable range for specific physical parameters ASHRAE1999 .......... 41

xv

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

HVAC = Heating Ventilating and Air conditioning

CMS = Control Monitoring system

ASHRAE = American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air

Conditioning Engineer

BRI = Building Related Illness

HVAC = Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning

IAQ = Indoor Air Contaminants

RH = Indoor Air Quality

Lx = Light Intensity

UTeM = Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

MPH = Model Poultry House

IDE = Integrated Development Environment

1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

Today, several techniques are usable to supervise and check the required

environmental parameters.It is especially indispensable to assess the methods that

can successfully administer the appropriate surroundings.Monitoring and controlling

in physical parameters, temperature, relative humidity and light are of outmost

importance.All the parameters of poultry house require a comprehensive analysis in

order to determine the precise method.

1.1 Background

Environmental control systems typically planned to maintain thermal and air

quality, condition within an acceptable scope and as near the deal for optimal animal

performance as is practicable, referring to Chapter 21 of the 1999 ASHRAE

Application Handbook (SI). Furthermore, lack of the facility of monitor and control

the poultry house environment that severely constrained the production of eggs(Wu,

Wu, Liang, Li, & Yang, 2011).

Referring to Vergara & Villaruz (2014), there are two ways suggestion the

development of compact algorithms benefits power quality that are monitoring

simultaneously for large system and help in building powerful embeddable

monitoring architectures with in small power devices. According to Alan L, Vergara,

Harrez M. Villaruz (2014), the modern electric equipment includes performance on-

line monitoring and diagnosis systems based on microcontrollers. Moreover,

according to Vergara& Villaruz (2014), everyone wishes to save energy and money.

2

In the related work, the incorporation of wireless sensor network in green

house is the current conception which leads to accuracy husbandry by(Chaudhary

&Nayse, 2011). Furthermore, according to (Science, 2005), WSN's will empower

our action from the thought of "individualized computing" to an innovation base that

permits us to incorporate figuring into nature, an idea begat as "pervasive and

installed registering".

Thus, in this research, a main target for study is to develop the HVAC control

monitoring system using Arduino microcontroller in poultry house model. This

system allows user to input the desired condition regarding the surrounding

atmospheres requirement. The parameters of the thermal comfort, which is indoor air

temperature, the percentages of relative humidity (%RH), the light intensity, will be

measured for a specific time and continuously. The effectiveness of Control

Monitoring System (CMS) in model poultry will be determined and assessed.

1.2 Problem Statements

The CMS refers to the monitoring and controlling the specific parameter of the

building, such as poultry house.Method and apparatus for controlling environmental

conditions in an animal house, and particularly in poultry houses, for producing

maximum economic yield. Pour of monitoring; there are some elements, which will

involve the production of husbandry.Well maintained monitoring using a proficient

system is likewise one of the elements that bear on the production of husbandry.

In a previous, to trace stress of husbandry they conclude, based on observation

method by farmers. Unfortunately, it cannot be discovered at an early point. In case

of the large poultry house, they need lots of workers. Despite the fact that, ushering

in video camera for monitoring was better than human observation, but still come

away with the same result where cannot trace at an early level, information gathered

not productive and checking not persistently.

3

According to Duchyant Pande et. al.,(2013), monitoring and controlling

physical parameters by embedded system utilizing microcontroller are all that much

successful in industry and research arranged necessities. Besides that, the scheme

must run properly and continuously which the data and info should be recorded and

documented to influence the effectiveness of CMS.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

Main Objective:

To develop the control monitoring system using Arduino Microcontroller in Poultry

HouseModel.

Specific Objectives:

1. To measure the parameters which are temperature (°C), relative humidity

(%RH) and light intensity (lx) in the Poultry House Model.

2. To explore the possibility Control Monitoring System (CMS) to monitor

temperature, relative humidity and light intensity in Poultry House Model

continuously.

3. To determine the effectiveness of Control Monitoring System (CMS).

4

1.4 Work Scope of The Study

In this research, a cohort study carried out in the Poultry House Model (PHM).

The focus will be primarily on gathering data related to thermal comfort that is

indoor air temperature, relative humidity and light intensity, presented in the air of

the PHM related with the air conditioning system used. Lastly, the works include the

predictive relationship of temperature and relative humidity by using an Arduino

microcontroller to determine the effectiveness and continuous operating of CMS in

PHM.

1.5 Expected Results

The aim of this work has been to develop command and monitoring system

using Arduino Microcontroller in PHM will determine. The appraised value of the

parameters presented, followed by exploring the possibility CMS to monitor

parameters continuously. Then the effectiveness of CMS will determine.In this

inquiry, the focus will be mainly on to furnish a system and method for accurate

control and monitor the environment continuously in the PHM.

5

CHAPTER 2 LITERITURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

In the literature review, the author has found a good representative literature

discussing the effects of CMS in the building with their relationship of temperature

and humidity. However, there was less study in detail about control monitoring in

Poultry House. The Author is grateful to some (ASHRAE 1999, Chandra et al.,

2013,Al-Jibouri, 2003 and Vergara & Villaruz, 2014) who identified some factors of

effectiveness of control monitoring system.Although their discussion outlines

finding as a major factor in this progress as opposed to good applying system,

accurately collecting data, relationship temperature and humidity also the production

of husbandry. By studying, the relevant literature it will help the author understand

others system used in poultry houses.

2.1 Type of Control Monitoring System

2.1.1 Conversional system

According to David & Stephen(2014) to control temperature within the

thermal neutral zone of the bird in the poultry house, traditional ways introduce

several type such as use of curtains, usage of fan, spraying of cold water on their

bodies, reduction in energy content of the feed intakes during the heat period, and

putting of ice into their water.

Other than that, to build up the indications of strain in winged creatures it

depended on ranchers perception and their rationale of good conclusion however not

6

able to notice untimely stage (Hamrita, 2002). Other methods such as use video

camera(Bluff & Rutz, 2008; Wolf, Freund & Avidan, 2010), for example, to screen

behavioural reactions, utilizing calorimetric routines to screen created warmth and

creature weight which more dependable than agriculturist's perception. Anywhere it

still does not recognize the strain at the starting stage.Since the traditional system has

applied to control temperature in poultry house, some of issues happen, for example,

repetitive, wasteful and lengthy and a persistent observing are needed (Longstaff,

1996). To increase poultry birds production and reduce bird death, most of the

poultry farmers request for enhanced control system (David & Stephen, 2014).

2.1.2 Automatic system

According toHamrita (2002), the acknowledgment of viability and ideal

development condition which use of microcontroller-based control in the poultry

house once of a noteworthy step. In writing studies, express a few kinds of control

utilization to lead checking control system, for example, PIC microcontroller,

ARDUINO microcontroller and PID controller.

Figure 2.1: Closed Loop Control System, (Seminar et. al., 2011)

2.1.2.1 PIC Microcontroller

Around 1980, has outlined by General Instrument as a fast, minimal, sparing

embedded microcontroller with physically effective I/O abilities. "Peripheral

Interface Controller" stands for PIC. A microcontroller is an incorporated chip that is

7

of an installed framework. Since, the reason intended to execute scarcely a specific

errand to direct a solitary framework, it's minor and rearrange so on a solitary chip,

which can incorporate all the capacities needed. The microcontroller comprises a

ROM, CPU, RAM, I/O ports with clock same as standard CPU.

There some of reason that made PIC series unprofitable (Chelli & Chavhan,

2012). Indeed, even PIC has contained 10-bit ADCs, yet the working voltages going

from 1.8 - 5.5V. Moreover, to transfer a code from the PC a boot loader program

alongside its consequent equipment was essential.

2.1.2.2 PID controller

The PID remains for Proportional-Integrating-Derivative. Since, it is

utilitarian and auxiliary simplicity, there are a large portion of poultry house are

utilized PID controller. Moreover, PID controllers are generally utilized propelled

strategy as a part of the procedure business; their adequacy is frequently restricted

because of poor tuning (David & Stephen, 2014). A PID controller by the manual

tuning, which obliges advancement of three parameters, is a supported task. In

creating orderly tuning systems to go to this difficulty, much exertion has contributed

(Killingsworth & Krstic, 2006). In the temperature control system are ineffective

with non-linear, time-varying and time-delay features (David & Stephen, 2014).

Figure 2.2: Basic structure of poultry house with PID and Fuzzy controller, (David & Stephen, 2014).

Fuzzy Controller

PID Controller POULTRY

HOUSE

de/dt

K p T i T d

INPUT OUTPUT

8

2.1.2.3 ARDUINO microcontroller

Figure 2.3: Arduino microcontroller

In study of (Hiremath, 2012), it was convenient to use ARDUINO

microcontroller because uses a C programming language. On the web, it is a known

board with lots of example and reference, which is other reason the Arduino has

chosen. Since the product was open source and unpaid on the Arduino page, to

transfer the code onto board from PC was simpler. However, adorable cost may also

be effectiveness when use the microcontroller practically than use of personal

computer(Vergara & Villaruz, 2014).

This approach combines hardware and software technologies. According

toHiremath(2012), of measuring exact parameters like body temperature and

development of the chickens utilizing open source technology Arduino have

demonstrated.

2.2 Parameters

According to Thermoregulation (1994), fulfilments expresses on situation of

mind to thermal environment called “Thermal Comfort”. The comfort satisfaction of

poultry birds can improve by dynamically monitoring the parameters such

temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation in the poultry house has revealed

9

by a comprehensive investigation of studies. Generally, air temperature and humidity

in agreement with suggested values with few difficult by (Qian & Jiang, 2009).

Indoor air temperature and %RH were generally in agreement with

recommended values with few adverse outcomes health or production(Woloszyn et.

al.,2009). According to David & Stephen(2014), to reduce birds mortality and

increase poultry birds production, most of the poultry farmers depend on better

control techniques. In the literature, several studies have reported about computer-

based control of poultry-housing environment (Aaslyng, Ehler, & Jakobsen, 2005).

Sensor is a device that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.

2.2.1 Temperature

According to Chaudhary & Nayse (2011), the temperature has to be

controlled properly since higher radiation level may give a higher temperature.

Temperature sensors are devices that can sense the difference amount of heat

between application space and reference. According to ASHRAE 1999,

recommendation of room temperature for broiler houses about 15°C to 27 °C.

Besides that, temperature’s range of 20°C to 24°C, generally accepted that broiler at

above 2 weeks of age will grow optimally, (Yani et. al., 2014).

According to Fanatico (2007a), temperature for neutral zone around 65 to

75°F (18-24°C), which condition for adult chicken to maintain their body

temperature is 105-107°F (40.6 to 41.7°C). If the temperature less than this zone,

heat will lose. During summer, the chickens will reduce feed intake of food that

affect increasing body temperature. During state 85°F (29.4°C), chickens started to

pant. To avoid dehydration and to help scatter heat, drink more water needed.

According to Ernst RS (1998), using “ON-OFF” control with sling

psychometric method, the measurement of stable temperature at 33 to 35°C and 20 to

30°C (Amon Marko, 1997). Furthermore, Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD) other

method is researchers used to state about temperature and humidity in a closed house

for two seasons; summer and winter as shown as Table 2.1.