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while a urological department is under the care ofone of the honorary surgeons. All these units havea largely attended out-patient department. Clinicalteaching is given both to under-graduate and post-graduate Students in all the out-patient clinics whichare free to them, and in the wards, while special coursesof post-graduate lectures are given as part of theManchester University post-graduate scheme. A

University course of orthopaedic surgery is given tostudents in the Michaelmas term. Available forpost-graduate work are clinical assistantships.

There are six resident appointments which are opento men and women graduates. There are also fourregistrar appointments, part-time : medical, surgical,orthopaedic, and laryngological made annually.

Post-graduate Studies.-Clinical Assistantships areavailable at various hospitals and at the RadiumInstitute. Attendance may be for half a day or oneday weekly, or more as arranged with the hospital.

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS

Four degrees in Medicine and Surgery are con-

ferred-viz. : Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery (M.B. and Ch.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.),Master of Surgery (Ch.M.), also Degrees and Diplomasin Dental Surgery and Diplomas in Public Healthand in Psychological Medicine. Courses and Degreesin the Faculty are open to men and women alike.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery.-Candidates for these degrees are requiredto present certificates showing that they will haveattained the age of 21 years on the day of graduation,and have attended courses approved by the Universityextending over not less than five years, two of suchyears at least having been passed in the University,one of which must be subsequent to the date of

passing the First Examination. Candidates must alsosatisfy the examiners in the several subjects of thefollowing examinations, entitled respectively : theMatriculation Examination, or such other examinationas may have been recognised by the Joint Matricula-tion Board in its stead ; the First Examination ; theSecond Examination ; and the Final Examination.The First Examination consists of : Part I., Physicsand Inorganic Chemistry ; Part II., Organic andPhysical Chemistry ; Part III., Botany ; Part IV.,Zoology. Candidates will be allowed to pass theparts separately. The Second Examination con-

sists of : Part I., Materia Medica and PracticalPharmacy ; Part II., Anatomy and Physiology.Candidates will be allowed to pass either part sep-arately. The Final Examination consists of : Part1., Pharmacology, Pathology, and Bacteriology ;Part II., Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynae-

. cology; Part III., Forensic Medicine, Public Health,and Therapeutics. Part I. may be taken at theend of the second clinical year, and Parts II. and III.may be taken at the end of the third clinical year,but not before the completion of the fifth year ofmedical study. If taken separately Part III. maynot be passed before Part II.

Degree of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Surgery.Candidates are not eligible for the degree of Doctorof Medicine or Master of Surgery unless they havepreviously received the degrees of Bachelor ofMedicine and Bachelor of Surgery of the University (orof Victoria prior to December, 1904) and at least twoyears’ Hospital Practice or four years’ other pro-fessional practice for the former, and one year haselapsed for the latter since they passed the examina-tion for those degrees. Candidates for the degree ofDoctor of Medicine may present a dissertation and,if the dissertation is considered to be of exceptionalmerit, will not be required to pass an examination.The first term commences on Oct. lst. Prospectuscan be obtained from the Academic Sub-Dean.

Post-graduate u’ork.-Practitioners wishing to attendInfirmary practice during short periods, or post-graduate classes held by members of the clinical

staff, may do so on application to the Clinical Sub-Dean, from whom particulars may be obtained.

Clinical <S*/.Md!M.<!.&mdash;The clinical studies are pursuedmainly at the LEEDS GENERAL INFIRMARY AN]>

WOMEN’S HOSPITAL, which has accommodation for630 in-patients, including 88 beds at branch hospitalsin the country. Clinical teaching takes place dailyin the wards, and Clinical lectures are given in Medi-cine and Surgery by the Physicians and Surgeons.There are Medical, Surgical, Ophthalmic, Aural,Electrotherapeutic, and Radiographic Departments,in each of which special instruction is impartedto students. Gynaecological and Children’s Depart-ments, together with Laryngeal, Venereal, and SkinClinics, are in operation, and there is a special wardfor cases of nutritional disorders of children. Severalvaluable prizes are given at the end of each session.Numerous appointments at the Infirmary are annuallyopen to students after qualification. Further partic-ulars concerning these, and the scholarships and prizesopen to competition, may be obtained from the Deanof the Faculty of Medicine.

In addition to work in the General Infirmary,clinical instruction in obstetrics is given in the LeedsMaternity Hospital and in mental and infectiousdiseases in the Wakefield (W.R.) Mental Hospital andLeeds City Fever Hospital respectively.

UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD

The Degrees in the Faculty of Medicine are Bachelorof Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B., Ch.B.),Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), and Master of Surgery(Ch.M.), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.D.S.), andMaster of Dental Surgery (M.D.S.). There is also aDiploma of Licentiate in Dental Surgery. Thecourses and degrees in the Faculty of Medicine areopen to men and women alike. Candidates mustmatriculate in the University or pass such otherexamination as may be recognised for this purposeby the University and sanctioned by the JointMatriculation Board, and must pass also the furtherexamination in Chemistry and Physics.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery.-A candidate must have attained the ageof 22 years on the day of graduation, and havepursued the courses of study required by the Univer-sity regulations during a period of not less than fiveand a half years subsequently to the date of hismatriculation, three of such years at least havingbeen passed in the Faculty of Medicine of the Univer-sity one at least being subsequent to the passing ofthe Second Examination. The subjects of the FirstExamination are Chemistry, Physics, and Biology.Candidates must, in addition to matriculation, passa preliminary examination in Physics and Chemistrybefore taking the First Examination, for which theymust have attended courses of instruction (lecturesand laboratory work) in Chemistry, Physics, andBiology for one year each. Students who beforeentry have attained a standard in Chemistry andPhysics approved by the Faculty of Medicine havethe opportunity of working for the degree of B.Sc.(with honours) in Physiology concurrently withtheir work for the degree of M.B., Ch.B. The SecondExamination : Candidates must have attended coursesof instruction in Physiology (first part) for one year,and in Anatomy for five terms. The Third Examina-tion : Candidates must have attended courses ofinstruction in Pathology for five terms, in Pharma-cology for four terms (and one term in Pharmacy),in Applied Anatomy for four terms, and in Physiology(second part) for six terms. The Final Examination :The subjects are, Part I., Forensic Medicine andPublic Health. Candidates must have attendedcourses for one term in each subject ; Part II.,Medicine (including Mental Diseases, Diseases ofChildren, and Vaccination), Special Pathology (includ-ing Morbid Anatomy and Clinical Pathology), andTherapeutics ; Part III., Surgery (including theadministration of Anaesthetics, Diseases of the Ear,

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Nose and Throat, Ophthalmology, and SurgicalPathology), and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, includingAntenatal and Postnatal practice and Infant Hygiene.Candidates for Parts II. and III. must have com-

pleted a minimum of five and a half years of approvedstudy.

Degree of Doctor of Medicine.-Candidates for thedegree of Doctor of Medicine must have passed theexamination for the degrees of M.B., Ch.B. at leastthree years previously, must present a thesis embodyingobservations in some subject approved by the professorof medicine, and must pass an examination in thePrinciples and Practice of Medicine.Degree of Master of Surgery.-Candidates must have

taken the M.B., Ch.B. at least three years previously,and must since have held for not less than twelvemonths a surgical appointment in a public hospital.The subjects of examination are Systematic,

Clinical, and Operative Surgery, Surgical Anatomy,Surgical Pathology and Bacteriology.

Scholarships and Prizes.-The following scholarshipsare offered : Four Town Trustees scholarships offeredannually, each of the value of 250 per annum for threeyears. Medical: offered annually, covers cost oftuition for a degree course in the Faculty of Medicine.Six Edgar Allen, offered annually, each of the value of2100 per annum for three years. Post-graduate :Frederick Clifford scholarship, value 250 per annum,tenable for two years. Mechanics’ Institute scholar-ship, value 250 for one year with free admission to thoseUniversity courses taken by the holder in connexionwith his work, renewable for a second year. TownTrustees fellowship, value 275 for one year. Medalsand Prizes : Kaye scholarship ; Thomas WoodcockPrize ; Gold Medal in Clinical Medicine and Surgery ;John Hall Gold Medal in Pathology ; Holroyd GoldMedal in Anaesthetics ; the Walter S. Kay Gold Medalin Mental Diseases ; bronze medals. Particulars ofall the above may be obtained from the Registrar

The Medical School.-The Medical Departmentoccupies the entire north wing of the Universityquadrangle. The various athletic and other students’societies are under the management of the UnionRepresentative Council, elected annually. Thereare large and comfortable common rooms bothfor men and women students, and two Students’Unions, one for men and one for women. Arefectory is open daily at the University wherestudents may obtain meals and refreshments atmoderate prices. The University journal The Arrows,edited by a committee of staff and students,is published each term. There are Halls of Residencefor Students ; full particulars may be obtained fromthe Wardens and the Registrar.

Clinical Studies.-The University is within easyreach of the various hospitals with which it isconnected for clinical purposes.

The SHEFFIELD ROYAL INFIRMARY (500 beds) pro-vides all the opportunities of a large general hospitalwith special departments for Skin and Ear. TheSHEFFIELD ROYAL HOSPITAL (340 beds) has specialout-patient departments for Diseases of the Throat,Ear, Skin, Orthopaedics, and Mental Diseases. Thetwo institutions are amalgamated for the purposesof clinical practice, medical, surgical, and special.There are special departments for the treatment ofDiseases of the Eye, with wards assigned to them,at both hospitals, and excellent junior appointments.The JESSOP HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF WOMEN, with146 beds, has also a Maternity department, with about900 in-patients per annum and about 3000 out-patientcases attended. The CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL has 92beds. Special courses on Fevers are held at theCITY FEVER HOSPITALS (988 beds) and on MentalDiseases at the SOUTH YORKSHIRE MENTAL HOSPITAL(1900 beds). Every facility is afforded in the variouslaboratories for the prosecution of advanced studiesand research.

Post-graduate Courses.-Post-graduate courses ofclinical instruction are held annually in the varioushospitals connected with the School.

UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL

In the Faculty of Medicine there are the followingdegrees : Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery (M.B. and Ch.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.),Master of Surgery (Ch.M.), Bachelor of Dental Surgery(B.D.S.), and Master of Dental Surgery (M.D.S).There are also the following diplomas : Diploma inPublic Health (D.P.H.), Diploma in Dental Surgery(L.D.S.). and Diploma in Veterinary State Medicine.

All candidates for degrees in Medicine, Surgery, andDentistry are required to pass, at Matriculationstandard, an examination called the School CertificateExamination, or to pass such examination as may beregarded as equivalent by the Senate. All courses,degrees, and diplomas are open to men and women.

Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelorof Surgery.-Candidates shall be not less than21 years of age and shall have pursued the coursesprescribed by University Regulations during notless than five years after passing the first examina-tion in Chemistry and Physics and entering on theprofessional curriculum at the University, or an

institution recognised as equivalent, of which threeshall have been passed in the University, and two ofthese three subsequent to passing the second examina-tion. All candidates for the degrees of M.B., Ch.B., arerequired to satisfy the examiners in the severalsubjects of three examinations. The First Examina-tion : The subjects of examination are : Chemistry(Inorganic), Physics, and Biology, the courses pur-sued being those for the time being approved forthe intermediate part of the B.Sc. curriculum. This

part of the curriculum shall extend over one year.(Candidates who have passed the Higher SchoolCertificate approved by the Board of Education inthese subjects will not be required to sit for thefirst examination and will be regarded as havingcompleted one year of study.) The Second Examina-tion : The subiects of examination are : OrganicChemistry (Part 1.) and Anatomy and Physiology(Part 11.. The Final Examination : The subjectsof examination are : Materia Medica and Pharmacy,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, General Pathology,Morbid Anatomy, and Bacteriology (Part 1.) ; SpecialPathology, Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. PublicHealth, Obstetrics (including Diseases of Women),Surgery (Systematic, Clinical, Practical, and Opera-tive, including Ophthalmology and Oto-rhino-laryn-gology), Medicine (Systematic, Clinical, and Practical,including Mental Diseases) (Part II.). The subjectsincluded in Part II. may be taken in two groups-viz., Group 1., Surgery and Obstetrics ; Group II.,Medicine Public Health, Special Pathology. ForensicMedicine, and Toxicology. Candidates may passParts I. and II. together, or separately, and the twogroups of Part II. may be taken together or separately.Forensic Medicine and Toxicology may be taken withPart I., or with Group II. of Part II.

Degree of Doctor of Medicine.--Candidates shall beBachelors of the University of not less than two years’standing as such and may elect either (1) to pass anexamination in General Medicine, or (2) to pass anexamination in State Medicine, or (3) to present aDissertation. The candidate who elects to passthe examination in State Medicine must . holda Diploma in Public Health of some Universityor College, and the candidate who elects to present aDissertation may be examined in the subject thereof.

Degree of Master o Surgery.-The degreemay be taken in General Surgery or in SpecialSubjects. Candidates shall be Bachelors of notless than two years’ standing as such. ForGeneral Surgery, they shall pass an examination inSurgical Anatomy, Pathology, and Bacteriology,and in Operative, Clinical, and General Surgery, andshall present a dissertation. For Special Subjects-i.e., Ophthalmology or Oto-rhino-laryngology or

Gynaecology&mdash;they shall, in addition to having studiedand practised for two years the subject concerned,have held an approved appointment in it for not