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Julie Hynes, Sr. Community Health AnalystLane County Public Health,
National Council on Problem GamblingSAPP 407 | University of Oregon | 6/13/16
GAMBLING
THIS AFTERNOON:• Gambling trends & definitions
• Issues with problem gambling
• Gambling & the brain
• Addressing the issue
These slides are at:
REAL GAMBLING…
FREE*
GAMESAPPS…
6
And this is where lines in 2016 are blurring…..
Gaming or Gambling?7
DEFINITION:
______ something of valuein the _________________
something of greater value.
hopes of obtainingRISKING
Source: American Psychiatric Association - DSM-5 (2013).
A longhistory
NEWER TYPES: CONSTANTLY EVOLVING.
Images: pinnacle.com, unikrn.com, fanduel.com, abcnews.go.com, espn.com, propbets.com, bovada.lv
Image sources: Oregon Lottery, Hynes
2,400 retailers in Oregon
ELECTRONIC GAMBLING:“Video Poker/Slots/Line Games”
Data source: Oregon LotteryPhoto: Daniel Berman.
$8.60out of
every $10 Lottery dollars
Photo: Daniel Berman.
ELECTRONIC GAMBLING:“Video Poker/Slots/Line Games”
Data source: Oregon Lottery
21
Let’s play “GUESS THE SPORT!”
Answer: League of Legends Pro League.Source: http://espn.go.com/esports/story/_/id/14555655/latest-league-legends-news-esports
E-SPORTS BETTING:REAL MONEY FOR VIRTUAL STUFF.
E-sports, professional video gaming, is becoming huge. (If you think I’m exaggerating, please visit: www.espn.com/esports)
Source: http://www.bloomberg.com/features/2016-virtual-guns-counterstrike-gambling/
BETTING ON ESPORTS HAS ALSO BECOME HUGE. $2.3 BILLION HUGE.
E-SPORTS BETTING. HUH? HOW?By buying this weapon skin with real money.
Then using it to bet on a game outcome (in this case, CounterStrike).
Image source: csgostash.com
World Series of Poker (image source: cbssports.com)
…And more of THIS
Less of THIS
E-sports (image source: www.esportsearnings.com)
THE FUTURE
1 in 1751 in 175,000
1 in 175 million1 in 175 billion
1 in 175 Million(175,233,510)
Odds of getting struck by lightning: 1 in 280,000
Let’s say there is 1 RED popcorn kernel in this bag of
10,000 pieces of popcorn
….you’d have a better chance of reaching in and grabbing the one red kernel of popcorn in this bag than you would of winning $100 on a powerball ticket
So…if your lucky numbers have “almost” come up in the
last 5 drawings, are your chances better, worse, or the
same?
Sports betsLottery ticketsVideo & onlineBingo & raffles
Video lottery
& online gambling
Electronic Gambling
89% Cards6%
Other5%
Gambling Treatment ClientsGamblers' Preferences
0.1%11.2%
1.2%2.7%
Research shows about what percentage of Oregon adults have a gambling problem?
2.7% of Oregon adults
(1 in 37 people)
have a gambling problem.
“Last Week Tonight with John Oliver” –11/9/14
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9PK-netuhHA
disordered
PATHOLOGICAL:Persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior...results in the LOSS OF CONTROL over gambling. (DSM-IV )
Definitions
New language
It’s a“Continuum”
No Gambling Experimentation
Recreational Problem Pathological
Sources: 1. Moore (2006). 2. Volberg, Hedberg, & Moore (2008). 3. Shaffer & Hall (2001). 4. Northwest Survey & Data Services (2007). 5. Moore (2001).
At-Risk“GAMBLING DISORDER”
2.7% of the adult population in OR(1 in every 37 Oregonians)
5.6% college age (18-24)
2½ % all adults (18+)
4% teens (13-17)
Younger People, Higher Rates
Source: http://www.oregonlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2015/04/oregon_lottery_amid_difficult.html
>70%are current
tobacco users
24%have current
alcohol problems
5%actually attempt
suicide
Source: Oregon Health Authority, 2014
27%experience
suicidal ideation
Use illicit drugs
AND IT’S NOT A SOLITARY PROBLEM.
Each problem gambler affects anaverage of 6-12 others.
Other addiction
issues
Starting early in life
Parental attitudes & behaviors
Community laws & norms
Mental health issues
54
Watch the next fewslides & think aboutwhat you are watching.
What Comes Next?
For good or bad, we are wired to see patterns in things.
This can be “gambler’s fallacy” in the sense of a cognitive distortion.
THIS was supposed to be “next.”
Sources: Tonneato, T. (1999). Cognitive psychopathology of problem gambling. Subst Use Misuse. Sep;34(11):159Anecdotal reports from problem gamblers in treatment and recovery.
18
25
21
16
At what age is the brain considered
fully developed?
The PREFRONTAL CORTEX is the LAST PART to develop.
The brain is still
developinguntil
Source: Brain Briefings (2007, October), Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC
Gambling & Dopamine
Dopamine not released when expecting a loss.Flooded with dopamine when expecting a win!
It’s not about the money – it’s about the action of the game and the hope of winning.
It’s about the action!
THE CONNECTIONS MAKE SENSE.
“ALMOST WINNING”: dopamine is activated the same as ACTUALLY winning.
Problem gamblers are more likely to see their near misses as “NEAR WINS”
People play LONGER when machines give them NEAR MISSES.
89
addressing the issue
It often takes
years for someone to
1) admit they have a problem
2) seek help, and then
3) continue in recovery
Check out the following chartto see some of the steps from problem gambling to recovery…
Like other addictions, some people relapse and may need help several times before maintaining recovery.
contribute
Addressing Risks -- the “A’s”
IS IT “SOCIAL” OR PROBLEM GAMBLING?
Social GamblerOccasional
Sticks w/ limits
Hopes to win, expects to lose
Can take it or leave it
Problem GamblerFrequent, preoccupied
Plays w/needed $, borrows
Hopes & expects to WIN
Primary source of “fun”
Intervention
Helpline emergence
24/7: 1.877.MY.LIMIT
Referred to provider for assessment
Family members come in; later bring gambler in
TREATMENT IS FREE.
24 hrs: 1877-my-limitOnline: 1877mylimit.org
Minimal intervention: GEAR (Gambling Education and Reduction)Outpatient treatment Crisis respite Residential treatment
TREATMENT OPTIONS IN OREGON
EMERGENCE GAMBLING TREATMENT PROGRAM
Treatment free for gamblers and loved ones- >200 problem gamblers and family members treated last
year- Gender-specific
Multimodal treatment - Individual sessions - Family therapy- Group sessions - Recreational counseling- Didactic lectures - Audiovisual educ.
Suggest to explore 12-step program as additional help
MANAGING KEY TRIGGERS
Even just driving down the street can be a trigger.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/drbethsnow/5995618252/in/photostream/
ON THE RIGHT PATH
Last chance!
Under $100$100-$1,000
$1,000-$2,500More than $2,500
Problem gambling treatment is ‘free’ in Oregon for gamblers AND loved ones.
preventionlane.org
facebook.com/preventionlane
@HynesUO@preventionlane