Update on Southern Company’s CCS R&D Projects

7/28/2019 Update on Southern Companys CCS R&D Projects

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Research Experience in Carbon Sequestration

June 18, 2013

Update on Southern Companys

Carbon Capture and Geologic StorageR&D Projects

Richard A. Esposito, Ph.D.

Southern Company


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CCS Technology DriversCompliance with carbon legislation

or GHG environmental regulation

200 years of domestic fossil-fuelresources with stable pricingDepreciated fossil-fuel generation

assets with state-of-the-art

environmental controls

Challenging regional renewableportfolio

World class sequestration geologywith strong demand for CO2-EOR

Research Drivers


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CommercialCCUS

Economic CaptureAdvanced processesNew chemistry

Economies of scale

Station serviceCapital costs

Secure StorageSite characterizationMonitoring toolsInjection simulationUIC permitting

Scenario PlanningSystem analysisCO2use

Regional Infrastructure

Public AcceptanceInternal StakeholdersRegulators

NGOsGeneral public

The Commercialization Puzzle


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Research Culture/Beliefs

Maintain a corporate focus on R&D Learn by doing internally but

collaborate externally to leverage

resourcesNew technologies will address future environmental

challenges

Maintain a centralized R&D organization Adopt intellectual property positions that do not impedetechnology development and deployment In-house expertise allows flexibility in future commercial

business models


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Demonstration CommercializationDevelopmentPerformance & CostReduction

1-10 MWe Scale

Engineering &Operation

10-100 MWe Scale

Reliability

100+ MWe Scale

ResearchPerformance & CostReduction

Bench-top Scale

Technology Development Curve

Tec

hnologyMaturity

2010 201620142012 2018 2020 2030

$$$$ $$$$$$$$ $,$$$$,$$$

Demonstration: a

showing of the merits of aproduct or service to aprospective consumer

Full-time research at small unit or slip-streamGather results for commercial projectsUtility host and vendors are main fundersDOE & EPRI funding necessary

Commercial: suitable,adequate, or prepared for[normal] commerce

Small full-scale plantProof-of-performance research; guaranteesHost utility fundedDOE & EPRI funding possible

Research:studious inquiryor examination

First step in processMany ideas, many failuresUtilities usually not funding or

involved

Typically university andnational lab work

Development: toexpand by a process ofgrowth

Move from lab to practical testingOnly successful ideas from smaller scaleUtilities get involvedHost utility + DOE & EPRI funding normal


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CCS R&D Program

Efforts key to our long-term clean coal success

Applied Science

Carbon Capture

Utilization Storage

Capture

Transportation

Pilot Scale

Storage

Laboratory Testing

External Collaborations

Demonstration Scale Applied Science


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Plant Barry CCS DemonstrationWorlds largest capture facility on a fossil-fueled power plant

CarboncapturefromPlantBarry(equivalentto25MWofelectricity).

12mileCO2pipelinelinkingcapturedCO2withtheinjecEonsite.

CO2injecEoninto~9.400K.deepsalineformaEon(Paluxy)atthe

CitronelleOilField.

MonitoringofCO2storageduringinjecEonandthreeyearspost-injecEon.


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Project Status (as of April 30 2013)

139,200metrictonscaptured(sinceJuly2011) CO2captureunitranintermiSently14monthspriortostartofthe

storageprogram.

55,866metrictonsinjected&stored(sinceAugust2012) 9monthselapsedbetweengranEngofClassVpermitandauthorizaEonto

inject.

IntermiSentoperaEonsbasedonforcedandplannedoutagesandfueldispatch


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25-MW Integrated CCS Demonstration

90% CO2 capture @ 99.97 purity Capture operations began in June

2011 with integrated injection

operations in August 2012

300 feet

150 feet

Alabama PowerPlant Barry


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Project Integration Questions

ThedemonstraEonofintegraEonofcapturefromacoal-firedpowerplantwithtransportandinjecEonintoadeepsaline

formaEonispioneeringforaCCproject.

eyintegraEonquesEons: WhatbusinessrelaEonshipsmustbeestablished? HowcanCO2transportaEon&injecEonimpactcaptureunit? HowcanplantshutdownimpactCO2transportaEonandinjecEon?

WhattypesofcommunicaEonsandcontrolsystemsareneeded?


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Opportunity to study optimizing

stacked storage reservoirs with

multiple seals and four-way closure

Modeling and storage

capacity.


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Geologic Characterizationto advance site storage certification for commercial deployment

Alabama Power William Crawford

Gorgas Stratigraphic Test Well

Mississippi Power Victor J. DanielCO2 Pilot Injection Study

Alabama Power James M. Barry

CO2 Injection Demonstration

Department of Energy Carbon Utilization

and Storage Atlas Fourth Edition


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Plant: 582-MW TRIG IGCCLocation: Kemper County, MSFuel: Mine-Mouth Lignite, ~4M tons/yrCost: $2.4 billionCO2 Capture: 65%, ~3.4M tons/yrWater: Meridian Treated EffluentBy-Products: Sulfuric Acid & Ammonia

Plant Ratcliffe The Kemper ProjectFrom Research to Commercial Reality


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The National Carbon Capture Centerat the Power Systems Development Facility

Offering a world-class neutral test

facility and a highly specialized staff,

the National Carbon Capture Center

accelerates the commercialization of

advanced technologies and enables

coal-based power plants to achievenear-zero emissions.

Post-Combustion

Pre-Combustion

Oxy-Combustion


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Geologic cap rock integrity labLong-term Storage Integrity

Motivation behind the geology integrity lab:

Demonstrate long term storage integrity Regulation of injection pressure Reassure stakeholders that geologic sequestration

is safe and secure


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Cap rock integrity lab samples

Sample Analysis:1) SECARB Black Warrior Basin Coal Seam

CO2 Storage Project, Geologic Survey of

Alabama

2) Montana State University,

Advanced CO2 Leakage Mitigation using

Engineered Biomineralization Sealing

Technologies

3) SECARB Phase III 25-MW CCS Demo,

Alabama Power Plant Barry

Advanced Resources International

4) Site Characterization for CO2 Storage from

Coal-Fired Power Facilities in the Black

Warrior Basin, Alabama Power Plant Gorgas,

University of Alabama

Measurements:

Porosity by imbibition with brinePermeability using N2, He, and CO2Minimum capillary displacementPressure using brine and N2 or CO2


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Controlled release in groundwater

PW-1 IW-1

CO2

Dissolved

CO2

Pump out Pump in

Monitor

CarbonatedGWGroundwater (GW)


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Experiment well field layout

NBG-1

IW-1MW-3

MW-4

PW-1

MW-1

MW-2

Pumping Well

Injection

Well

208ft

Background

Well

MW-2

IW-1

MW-3

MW-1MW-4

Monitoring

Wells


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Well bore leakage mitigationStorage security and Risk Management

Motivation behind the leakage mitigation study:

Wellbores are identified as a leakage pathway riskin many storage systems

Biological control of permeability and sealing leakingboreholes

Sealing fractures and cap rocksReassure stakeholders that geologic sequestrationis safe and secure


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Before images of induced fractures

Region of fracture

Thecorewas

hydraulicallyfractured

underambient

condi5onsrightbefore

loadingintothevessel.

Dis5nctflowchannels

wereformed.


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After images of

sealed fractures


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Proof of concept to field demonstration


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Risk ManagementValuation of human health and the environmental damages

Motivation behind the valuation study: Develop a credible and widely applicable framework for calculating the

financial damages associated with accidents from CCS projects

Gain a better understanding of project liabilities and reservoir specificsensitivities for project development, including the circumstances andtimeframe under which these liabilities may present

Useful tool in the public debate around policy options for addressingguidance to EPA on permitting financial assurance requirements

Foundation for communicating risk and risk management tostakeholders

Help inform the discussion around the need and role of 3rd party captiveinsurance programs, the public role in long-term stewardship of CCS,and project finance


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Results are presented in $2010. As shown, most likely (50th percentile) estimated damagestotal approximately $1.05 million. Upper end (95th, 99th percentiles) total approximately

$3.36 million and $4.87 million, respectively.


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Research Experience in Carbon SequestrationDevelopment of a future workforce and technology transfer

Students selected to participate in a two week workshop where they

learned about CCS and CCUS from experts in industry, the research

community, NGOs and the government; along with participating in

group exercises, workshops, and field trips.

www.recsco2.org


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Other supported projects

Development of CSA US-Canada Bilateral Standards for GeologicStorage of CO2

Development of ANSI ISO TC-265 standards for carbon captureand geologic storage

CCS Technology and Pipeline Infrastructure Study (LANL) Florida Panhandle Pipeline Infrastructure Model (University of

North Florida)

Carbon Sequestration Simulation Center (UAB)


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And this is where theCO2 will maybe go. I

thinks its OK, but

well see later. If itCOME back up I amback to the ZOO!

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Update on Southern Company’s CCS R&D Projects

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