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Upgraded Emission Inventory Upgraded Emission Inventory of Pakistan for the Year 2005of Pakistan for the Year 2005
ByBy
SSajjad ajjad SSaeedaeed1,2
IImran mran SShahidhahid22
DDr.r. Shoaib R Shoaib Razaaza22
1- Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan.1- Pakistan Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2- Global Change Impact Studies Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan.
3rd Malé Declaration emissions inventory 3rd Malé Declaration emissions inventory
workshop (28th Jan – 01workshop (28th Jan – 01stst Feb 2008), AIT Bangkok. Feb 2008), AIT Bangkok.
IntroductionIntroduction Pakistan is located within the latitudinal and Pakistan is located within the latitudinal and
longitudinal extensions 24°N to 37°N and 61°E to 76°E longitudinal extensions 24°N to 37°N and 61°E to 76°E respectivelyrespectively
The country is located in sub-tropics as well as in The country is located in sub-tropics as well as in temperate regiontemperate region
Total Population of Pakistan is 151.55 millions (78.86 Total Population of Pakistan is 151.55 millions (78.86 m Males and 72.69 m Females).m Males and 72.69 m Females).
Total number of registered vehicles in Pakistan is Total number of registered vehicles in Pakistan is 5209016.5209016.
Total Road Length is 259758 km (162879 High type Total Road Length is 259758 km (162879 High type and 96879 Low type).and 96879 Low type).
Approximately 36 groups of small and large industries Approximately 36 groups of small and large industries are working in the country.are working in the country.
Physiographic Map of PakistanPhysiographic Map of Pakistan
GCISC/PMD
Environmental Issues in PakistanEnvironmental Issues in Pakistan
Unchecked use of hazardous Chemicals, vehicle emissions and Unchecked use of hazardous Chemicals, vehicle emissions and Industrial activity has contributed to a number of Environmental Industrial activity has contributed to a number of Environmental issues and health hazards (such as water pollution).issues and health hazards (such as water pollution).
Much of the country lacks potable water owing to the industrial Much of the country lacks potable water owing to the industrial waste and agricultural runoff that has contaminated the drinking waste and agricultural runoff that has contaminated the drinking water.water.
The widespread use of the low quality fuel combined with a The widespread use of the low quality fuel combined with a substantial increase in the number of vehicles has led to significant substantial increase in the number of vehicles has led to significant air pollution air pollution
(U.S Energy Information Administration 2005). (U.S Energy Information Administration 2005).
Data Used Data Used
Activity data was collected from:Activity data was collected from: Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2005.Pakistan Statistical Year Book 2005. Pakistan Energy Year book 2005Pakistan Energy Year book 2005 IEA and FAO datasets. IEA and FAO datasets. Some other sources available on internet.Some other sources available on internet.
Emissions from Combustion in Emissions from Combustion in Manufacturing IndustriesManufacturing Industries
Total Emissions from Combustion in Manufacturing Industries during 2005
51.99 73.31
470.76
10.30 0.20 21.55 0.000
100
200
300
400
500
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emis
sion
s (K
t/Yr)
Emissions from Agriculture SectorEmissions from Agriculture Sector
Total Emissions from Agriculture Sector during 2005
4.14 72.53
562.71
77.70
1564.68
61.10 61.10
0200400600800
10001200140016001800
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emis
sion
s (K
t/ Ye
ar)
Emission from Transport SectorEmission from Transport Sector
Total Emissions from Transport Sector during 2005
2.73 28.71 37.78129.56
0.00
882.57
306.50
0
200
400
600
800
1000
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutant
Em
issi
on
s (K
t/Y
r)
Emissions from Combustion in Emissions from Combustion in Energy IndustriesEnergy Industries
Total Emissions from Combustion in the Energy Industries
1.28
142.15
15.722.11 0.55 1.00 1.00
0
50
100
150
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emiss
ions
(Kt/Y
r)
Emissions from Combustion in Emissions from Combustion in Other SectorsOther Sectors
Total Emission from Combustion in Other Sectors during 2005
30.71 96.06
4869.31
524.1975.04 139.75 0.08
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emis
sion
s (K
t/Yr)
Emissions from Industrial Emissions from Industrial ProcessesProcesses
Total Emissions from Industrial processes during 2005
9.60 0.09 1.52 1.07 0.00
574.08
109.86
0
100200
300
400
500600
700
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emis
sion
s (K
t/Yr)
Fugitive Emissions from FuelsFugitive Emissions from FuelsTotal Fugitive emissions from fuels during 2005
7.36 5.05 0.77
142.29
0.71 2.23 1.150
20406080
100120140160
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emis
sion
s (K
t/Yr)
Emission from Solvents and other Emission from Solvents and other products used and Human Excretaproducts used and Human Excreta
Total Emissions from Solvent and other product use During 2005
11.27
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emiss
ions (
Kt/Yr
)
Total Emissions from Human excreta during 2005
157.78
0
50
100
150
200
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
PollutantsEm
issio
ns (K
t/Yr)
Emissions from Vegetation Fires Emissions from Vegetation Fires and Forestryand Forestry
Total Emissions from Vegetation fires and Forestry during 1990-2000
2.67 11.47
486.72
37.91 6.08 49.14 42.59
0
200
400
600
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emiss
ions (
Kt/Yr
)
Total Anthropogenic Emissions Total Anthropogenic Emissions during the Year 2005during the Year 2005
Total anthropogenic Emissions during 2005
110.48 429.36
6445.29
936.40
1805.05 1731.42
522.28
01000200030004000500060007000
SO2 NOx CO NMVOC NH3 PM10 PM2.5
Pollutants
Emis
sion
s (K
t/Yr)
ConclusionsConclusions The major pollutants emitted from different sources The major pollutants emitted from different sources
in Pakistan are CO,NHin Pakistan are CO,NH33.and PM10 and NMVOC..and PM10 and NMVOC...
The major source of CO are the combustions in The major source of CO are the combustions in manufacturing industries and other sectors like manufacturing industries and other sectors like residential, commercial, agriculture, Forestry, residential, commercial, agriculture, Forestry, Fishing etc. Where as PM10 is mainly emitted from Fishing etc. Where as PM10 is mainly emitted from the transport sector and the industrial processes the transport sector and the industrial processes which includes the production of metals, mineral which includes the production of metals, mineral products, chemicals etc.products, chemicals etc.
Maximum emission of NHMaximum emission of NH33 is from Agriculture sector is from Agriculture sector due to excessive use of N-containing fertilizers, due to excessive use of N-containing fertilizers, manure management and burning of agriculture manure management and burning of agriculture crops residuecrops residue..
Problems EncounteredProblems Encountered Lack of relevant activity data. The data Lack of relevant activity data. The data
available is not in proper format. available is not in proper format. The sector ‘Vegetation Fires and Forestry’ The sector ‘Vegetation Fires and Forestry’
and sub sector ‘Waste incineration’ are not and sub sector ‘Waste incineration’ are not covered due to un availability of data. FAO covered due to un availability of data. FAO data available on Vegetation Fires and data available on Vegetation Fires and Forestry for the period 1990-2000 was used Forestry for the period 1990-2000 was used to fill this gap. to fill this gap.
The data from large point sources was not The data from large point sources was not available for the above period.available for the above period.
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements
Special thanks are due to Mr. Harry Special thanks are due to Mr. Harry Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute, Vallack, Stockholm Environment Institute, York, for his kind guidance and valuable York, for his kind guidance and valuable comments on the previous work of one of comments on the previous work of one of us (S.S) on emission inventory which was us (S.S) on emission inventory which was presented in the 2presented in the 2ndnd workshop held during workshop held during 2626thth February– 02 February– 02ndnd March, 2007, in AIT, March, 2007, in AIT, Bangkok Thailand. Bangkok Thailand.