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UplampingandItsEnergySavingsforIndustrialand OfficeLighting20Pages
DATASET·MARCH2014
READS
23
1AUTHOR:
NedhalAl-Tamimi
NajranUniversity
16PUBLICATIONS31CITATIONS
SEEPROFILE
Availablefrom:NedhalAl-Tamimi
Retrievedon:11November2015
Nedhal A. Al-Tamimi
Uplamping and its Energy Savings for Industrial and Office Lighting
LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing
UPLAMPING AND ITS ENERGY SAVINGS FOR
INDUSTRIAL AND OFFICE LIGHTING
BY
NEDHAL AHMED AL-TAMIMI
B. Sc Arch. Eng, M. Tech Building Automation, PhD. Energy Efficient Design
Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
ii
DEDICATION
To my beloved parents, my wife and my kids who always support me with their
love, patience, encouragement and constant prayers throughout the difficult times.
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
All praise and thanks are due to my Lord: ALLAH for granting me the health,
knowledge,patience and wisdom to overcome all of the difficulties I have faced.
There are always special people behind the scenes, who make a significant
contribution to a task this large.
I gratefully acknowledge the contribution that Mr.B.Mallya has made to this
study and for his valuable support and advice during my training at Philips India
Ltd, New Delhi. My heartfelt appreciation goes to Mr. Milind Mantravadi, for
his unlimited support, and for cheering me from the beginning of this work.
Thanks are also expressed to Mr. Rajiv Sinha and Mr. Sanjay Tiwari who
helped at the early stage of writing this book. I also wish to thank all Philips people
at North Region for the facilities offered.
The final and most important thanks go to my Indian friends, who reflect
that how Indian people are great and helpful, I am particularly grateful to Deepak
Kumar for his assistance throughout the project. Nevertheless, I remain solely
responsible for any errors in the content.
Nedhal Ahmed Al-Tamimi
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION………………..…………………………………………………ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS….…….......…………………………………………iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…….…......…………………………………………..iv
LIST OF FIGURES…….………………………………………………….…..viii
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………….………x
ABSTRACT……..……………………………………………………………..xii
OBJECTIVE…………………………………..………………………………..xx
CHAPTER 1 .
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN LIGHTING SECTOR
1.1. Indian Energy Situation in a Global Context .............................................. 2
1.2. Electricity Use in Indian Buildings ............................................................. 3
1.3. Energy Efficient Lighting ........................................................................... 4
1.4. How to Save Lighting Energy ..................................................................... 6
CHAPTER 2 .
PRINCIPLES OF LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY
2.1. Lamps ....................................................................................................... 10
2.1.1. Lamps Criteria .............................................................................. 10
2.1.1.1. Efficacy 10
2.1.1.2. Rated Lamp Life 11
2.1.1.3. Lamp Lumen Depreciation 12
2.1.1.4. Colour 13
2.1.2. Types of Lamps............................................................................. 14
2.1.2.1. Fluorescent Lamps 14
2.1.2.2. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) 15
2.2. Ballast ........................................................................................................ 16
2.2.1. Basic Performance Criteria ........................................................... 16
2.2.1.1. Ballast Factor (BF) 17
v
2.2.1.2. Power Factor (PF) 17
2.2.1.3. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) 17
2.2.1.4. Minimum Starting Temperature 17
2.2.1.5. Distance Between Lamp and Ballast 17
2.2.2. Types of Ballast ............................................................................ 18
2.3. Fixtures ...................................................................................................... 19
2.3.1. Basic Requirements ...................................................................... 19
2.3.1.1. Physically Protection 19
2.3.1.2. Lighting Distributions 20
2.3.1.3. Efficiency 24
2.3.2. Type of Luminaries ....................................................................... 24
2.3.2.1. Tubular Fluorescent 24
2.3.2.2. Compact Fluorescent 25
2.4. Lighting Control ........................................................................................ 26
CHAPTER 3 .
UPLAMPING RECOMMENDATIONS WITH PHILIPS
3.1. Uplamping Fluorescent Lamps ................................................................. 28
3.1.1. Uplamping from Champion T’12 with Electromagnetic Ballast
to Trulite T’8 with Electronic Ballast ........................................... 29
3.1.2. Uplamping from Champion T’12 with Electromagnetic Ballast
to TL’5 with Electronic Ballast .................................................... 32
3.2. Uplamping incandescent lamp by compact florescent lamp .................... 36
3.3. Uplamping from Halogen to CFL ............................................................. 39
CHAPTER 4 .
EXISTING SCENARIO AND INCLINATION TO WORLD ENERGY
EFFICIENT LIGHTING
4.1. Names of the Visited Buildings Around Delhi ......................................... 42
4.1.1. Manesar Area: ............................................................................... 42
vi
4.1.2. Gurgaon Area: ............................................................................... 43
4.1.3. Noida Area .................................................................................... 43
CHAPTER 5 .
UPLAMPING PROJECTS
5.1. Uplamping Project for Shahi Export House ............................................. 48
5.1.1. Existing Lighting System: ............................................................ 48
5.1.1.1. Type of Lamp 48
5.1.1.2. Type of Ballast 48
5.1.1.3. Type of Fixture with the Numbers 48
5.1.1.4. Lux Level 49
5.1.2. Textile Industries Lighting............................................................ 49
5.1.2.1. Brief 49
5.1.2.2. Needs 49
5.1.2.3. Lighting Solution 49
5.1.3. Proposed Lighting System ............................................................ 51
5.1.4. Final Result from Uplamping System in Shahi Export House ..... 53
5.1.4.1. Uplamp Twin Fixture Using Elec. Ballast with
Trulite, 4’ Feet. 56
5.1.4.2. Uplamp Single Fixture Using Elec. Ballast with
Trulite, 4’ Feet. 57
5.2. Uplamping Project for HRDI of BHEL .................................................... 58
5.2.1. Existing Lighting System: ............................................................ 58
5.2.1.1. Type of Lamp 58
5.2.1.2. Type of Ballast 58
5.2.1.3. Type of Fixture with the Numbers 58
5.2.1.4. Lux Level 58
5.2.2. Efficient Lighting System: ............................................................ 59
5.2.2.1. Effect of Lighting Design 59
5.2.2.2. Office Lighting Requirements: 60
5.2.2.3. Recommendations: 60
vii
5.2.3. Philips Opportunities .................................................................... 61
5.2.3.1. Lamps 61
5.2.3.2. Control Gear 61
5.2.3.3. Range: 62
5.2.4. Proposed Lighting System ............................................................ 62
5.2.5. Final Result for Uplamping System ............................................. 63
5.2.5.1. Uplamping in Offices Area 63
5.2.5.2. Uplamping in Conference Rooms 71
CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………...71
REFERENCES………………..…………………………………………………..77
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………….80
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE PAGE
Figure (1) The largest countries used energy in the world 2
Figure (2) Electricity consumption in commercial and office
buildings. 3
Figure (3) Electricity consumption in residential buildings in India 3
Figure (4) Energy consumption by sector, India 2001 5
Figure (5) Cost of light 6
Figure (6) Efficacy of all types of lamps 11
Figure (7) Fluorescent lamp mortality curve 11
Figure (8) Lumen maintenance curve. 12
Figure (9) Colour temperature 13
Figure (10) Colour rendering index 13
Figure (11) Type and use of fluorescent lamps 15
Figure (12) Type and use of CFL lamps 16
Figure (13) Type and use of ballast 18
Figure (14) Luminaires for outdoor applications 20
Figure (15) Luminaires for outdoor applications 21
Figure (16) Rotationally symmetrical 21
Figure (17) Plane symmetry 22
Figure (18) Symmetry 22
Figure (19) Lighting Distribution Curves 23
Figure (20) Types of fluorescent lamp’s luminaire from Philips 25
Figure (21) Types of CFL’s luminaire from Philips 25
Figure (22) Electronic ballast and trulite lamps 32
Figure (23) TL’5 fluorescent lamp from Philips 33
Figure (25) GLS and CFL bulb from Philips 37
ix
Figure (26) Halogen and CFL bulb from Philips 39
Figure (27) Types of building visited. 44
Figure (28) Ways used in the lighting system in the market 45
Figure (29) Different types of lamps used 45
Figure (30) Different types of Philips fluorescent lamps used in visited
buildings 46
Figure (31) Plan of process area simple (Shahi Export). 51
Figure (32) Unequal lighting distribution in the working area 51
Figure (33) Existing lux level 52
Figure (34) Existing fixture position 52
Figure (35) Lux level with Trulite 53
Figure (36) Proposed fixture position 53
Figure (37) Lighting distribution in conference room 59
Figure (38) Lighting distribution in office 59
Figure (39) Plan of the selected office room 63
Figure (40) Lux level in the work plane with the existing system 64
Figure (41) Section of the office room, existing system 64
Figure (42) Propose fixture 65
Figure (43) Propose ballast 65
Figure (44) Lux level in the work plane with the first solution 65
Figure (45) Section of the office room, first solution 65
Figure (46) Lux level in the work plane with the second solution 66
Figure (47) Section of the office room, second solution 66
Figure (48) Lux level in the work plane with the final solution 67
Figure (49) Section of the office room, final solution 67
Figure (50) Existing luminaires position and its glare effect 72
Figure (51) Propose luminaires direction 72
x
LIST OF TABLES
TITLE PAGE
Table (1): Classification of general indoor lighting luminaries 23
Table (2): Comparison between TL’12 with E.M. Ballast and TL’8
with E. Ballast 30
Table (3):
Total energy saving by using EB-S Elec. ballast (Single
Fixture) with Trulite 4 feet in place of Copper ballast with
Champion lamp for simple 100 fixture.
31
Table (4): Comparison between TL’12 with E.M. Ballast and TL’5
with E. Ballast 33
Table (5):
Total energy saving by using EB-S Elec. ballast (Single
Fixture) with TL’5 4 feet in place of copper ballast with
champion lamp for simple 100 fixture.
35
Table (6): Comparison between GLS and CFL bulb 37
Table (7): Total energy saving by using CFL in place of GLS bulb. 38
Table (8): Total energy saving by using CFL in place of Halogen
bulb. 40
Table (9): Names of the visited building in Manesar 42
Table (10): Names of the visited building in Gurgaon 43
Table (11): Names of the visited building in Noida 43
Table (12): Lux level on all surfaces by existing system simulation 53
Table (13): Results of increasing in the proposed solution 54
Table (14):
Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using Electronic Ballast (Twin fixture), with Trulite in
place of the existing
56
Table (15):
Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using Electronic Ballast (Single fixture), with Trulite in
place of the existing system
57
xi
Table (16): Recommended illumination levels for office areas and
activities 60
Table (17): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (existing system) 64
Table (18): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (first solution) 66
Table (19): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (second solution) 67
Table (20): Lux level on all surfaces by simulation (final solution) 68
Table (21):
Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using Electronic Ballast (Twin fixture), with TL’5 in place
of the existing system
69
Table (22):
Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using Electronic Ballast (Single fixture), with TL’5 in place
of the existing system
70
Table (23):
Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using Elect. Ballast (4 lamps fixture), with Trulite, 2feet in
place of the existing
73
Table (24): Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using CFL lamps in place of the GLS existing bulbs 74
Table (25): Payback calculation and percentage of energy saving for
using CFL lamps in place of the existing halogen bulbs 75
xii
ABSTRACT
Lighting is one of the most important and high quality uses of electricity. Recent
advances in lighting technologies have made it possible to use the precious
electrical energy more efficiently. Illumination represents 10 - 20% of electricity
use in most countries and sometimes more in developing countries.
In India, lighting consumes around 18 % of the total power generated as
compared to 8 % in the developed countries. Thus, the energy consumed by
lighting is considerable in India. This percentage of lighting consumption is very
much more in the building doesn’t use HVAC system, to reach 40-50%. Energy
conservation has received attention in India since the mid 70s. The impact of
energy conservation efforts are felt at a very low pace, as the commercial energy
consumption per capital is low in the country and efficient end use devices are
costly.
Lighting upgrades can be achieved in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most
significant way to obtain substantial energy savings and increased lighting
efficiency is to upgrade existing fluorescent lighting systems using state-of-the-art
reflector designs, as well as to engage in a uplamping program using newer ballast
technology.
In this book we will concentrate on uplamping and its energy saving for
industrial and office lighting in the building visited in Gurgaon, Manesar and
Noida around the capital of India i.e. Delhi, by discussion with the technical and
maintenance people in these buildings to know what is the existing lighting system
using, analyzes it and suggest some efficient lighting system and make simulation
if needed. I have chosen two projects as a sample, one is a garment industry and
xiii
the other is office building. The result of the efficient system in both building
shows that, achieved in energy saving of 35% and 65% by uplamping fluorescent
lamps and CFL respectively, and increase in lux level by 30%.
The energy efficient lighting installations ensure that lighting is provided only
where and when it is required. This may be achieved with appropriate design to
produce uniform lighting depending on the usage of the area being lite. This can be
achieved by providing switching modes for a particular installation.
The natures of work included study of the different products, meeting clients
and do the lighting design for them after knowing their requirements. This project
includes some of the lighting projects done, and their designs done, using the
world-renowned software DIALux.
xiv
OBJECTIVE
The bjective of the project is to study the existing lighting systems in the visited
factories and office buildings in industrial areas around Delhi, (Gurgaon, ITM
Manesar and Noida), the ultimate objective is to provide better solution (high
efficient lighting systems) for lower energy consumption and cost by concentrating
on two points:
a) Increasing the lux level to reach the required standards.
b) Reduce the energy consumption for the lighting system and to decrease the
total cost of ownership for optimization of financial resources.
The objective is clearly to provide lighting to the quantity and quality standards
required, with the minimum usage of electrical energy. To meet this basic
requirement it is necessary to evaluate the equipment, techniques and services
available for both existing and proposed installations.
C
H
A
P
T
E
R
(1)
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN
LIGHTING SECTOR
2
CHAPTER 1.
ENERGY CONSERVATION IN LIGHTING SECTOR
Energy consumption in any country is an indicator of its industrial progress and
the standard of living of its people.
1.1. INDIAN ENERGY SITUATION IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
The second most populous and seventh largest country in the world, the
Republic of India is a political leader among developing nations. Energy
consumption, economic growth, and population have strong interconnections in
India. Although, India’s energy consumption has increased several times after
independence which was in keeping with planned development.
As energy plays a central role in the world development, it represents as well a
major challenge for sustainable development. India is there’d country for energy
consumption on the world, after China and USA.
The electricity consumption in India is essentially in buildings and building
establishments for various uses. There was a structural change in the consumption
pattern of energy in India during the last three decades.
Figure (1): The largest countries used energy in
the world
India3%
China9%
Brazil2%
USA25%
Other countries61%