U.S. Higher Education Policy Forum: Increasing Access, Quality and Completion by 2020
Martha KanterUnder Secretary of EducationNew York UniversityNovember 7, 2011
“By 2020, America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world... So tonight I ask every American to commit to at least one year or more of higher education or career training... every American will need to get more than a high school diploma.”
President Barack ObamaAddress to Joint Session of Congress
February 24, 2009
“America cannot lead in the 21st century unless we have the best educated, most competitive workforce in the world.”
President Barack ObamaRemarks on Higher Education
April 24, 2009
2
Less than high school10%
High school grad-uate28%
Associate's degree17%
Some college12%
Bachelor's degree23%
Graduate degree10%
3
Education Requirements for Jobs, 2018
Georgetown University, Center on Education and the Workforce, 2010 p. 14 http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/FullReport.pdf
No Hig
h Sc
hool
High
Scho
ol
Som
e Col
lege
Assoc
iate
's Deg
ree
Bache
lor's
Deg
ree
Maste
r's D
egre
e
Docto
ral D
egre
e
Prof
essio
nal D
egre
e$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
$19,600 $26,700 $31,000 $32,700
$42,700 $51,100
$68,800 $74,400
$4,700
$7,100 $8,700 $9,300
$13,000
$16,200
$23,100
$25,600
Earnings & Tax Payments by Educational Attainment
Taxes PaidAfter-Tax Earn-ing
Sources: The College Board, Education Pays, 2010
$100,000
$91,900
$67,300
$55,700
$42,000$39,700
$33,800
$24,300
Projected Labor Supply and Demand, 2020
Source: McKinsey Global Institute, An Economy that Works: Job Creation and America’s Future, 2011
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
26.5%
20.0%
68.9%
23.1%18.8%
45.7%
60.0%
American Community Survey 2007-2009
Current Educational Attainment% if Adults Age 25-34 with an Associate’s Degree or Higher
The Achievement Gap Persists
Low Income Students have a Lower Graduation Rate
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%
58.0%
22.9%35.8%
19.1%
43.3%
25.2%
All income levels At or below poverty level 101-150% of poverty level
U.S. Department of Education 2009Beginning Postsecondary Students Study
Mississ
ippi
Missouri
New Mexic
oOhio
Tennessee
Texas
Wash
ington0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Certificates - 2005 full-time cohort within 2 years
Associate's - 2004 full-time cohort within 3 years
Bachelor's - 2002 full-time cohort within 6 years
Complete College America, September 2011
Pell Grant Graduation Rates are Inconsistent
9
Percentage of Adults Age 25-34with Postsecondary Education
(Associate Degree of Higher in U.S. per 2008 Current Population Survey, U.S. Census Bureau)
Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2011
Table A1.3a Population with tertiary education (2009)
Reductions in State Funding
Minne
sota
North
Dak
ota
Alask
a
Rhode
Isla
nd
Hawai
i
Arkan
sas
Maine
New Je
rsey
Nebra
ska
Missis
sippi
Tenn
esse
e
Conne
cticu
t
Kansa
s
Utah
Idah
o
Texa
s
Sout
h Car
olin
a
Misso
uri
Georg
ia
Wisc
onsin
Orego
n
Michi
gan
Penn
sylv
ania
Califo
rnia
Arizon
a
-60.0%
-50.0%
-40.0%
-30.0%
-20.0%
-10.0%
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
Approximate Percentage Change in FY 2012 State Operating Support for Four-Year Public
Universities AASCU, 2007-2011N
o D
ata
No
Dat
a
11
President Obama’s2020 Strategic Vision and Goals
Goal
•10 million more graduates from community colleges, four-year colleges and universities by 2020 (beyond 2+ million expected due to growth)
Goal
•Every American completes one year or more of higher education or advanced training in his/her lifetime
Result
•“Best educated, most competitive workforce in the world”
Achieving the 2020College Completion Goal
Increase the U.S. College Degree Attainment Rate
from 41 to 60% 10 million more Americans ages 25-34 with
an associate or baccalaureate degree(8 million beyond 2+ million projected growth) A third will come from high schools - 3.7 million more high school graduates will
become college graduatesTwo thirds will be adult learners
- 6.3 million adults will become college graduatesNote: The attainment rate reflects the number of individuals in
the population who have attained the degree or diploma. This differs from the graduation/completion rate, which measures the number of individuals within a cohort who graduate or complete their program within a certain amount of time.
13
Access Close the opportunity gap by improving
affordability and increasing access to college and workforce training, especially for adult learners, low-income students, and underrepresented 21st century students.
Quality Foster institutional quality with
accountability and transparency.Completion Increase degree and certificate completion
and job placement, with special attention to fast growing first generation, under-represented and economically disadvantaged populations.
Postsecondary Strategic Objectives
The State of Our States:A Snapshot in Time
States with the Lowest Attainment Rates as well as Graduation Rates
Attainmen
t Rate
6yr Grad Rate
Alabama 30.2 47.2 Alaska 30.4 30.0 Arizona 31.6 27.6 Arkansas 27.0 42.1 Idaho 33.5 40.3 Louisiana 28.6 41.5 Nevada 27.4 39.6 New Mexico 29.0 39.4 Oklahoma 30.3 46.8 West Virginia 28.8 45.5
States with the Highest Attainment Rates as well as Graduation Rates
Attainmen
t Rate
6-Yr Grad Rate
Connecticut 46.0 65.8 Iowa 45.0 64.9 Maryland 44.9 62.9 Massachusetts 52.7 68.5 Minnesota 48.1 60.6 New Hampshire 43.9 63.3 New Jersey 45.2 62.0 New York 47.3 63.6 Pennsylvania 42.4 66.7 Vermont 63.1 42.3
IPEDS 2008-09: Bachelor’s Degree Seeking StudentsAmerican Community Survey 2007-2009
Noteworthy State Efforts PERFORMANCE-
BASED FUNDINGCOLLEGE AND
CAREER ALIGNMENT
TRANSFER AND ARTICULATION
EFFICIENCY AND
PRODUCTIVITYACCELERATED
LEARNINGAFFORDABILIIT
YLEARNING
OUTCOMESOUTREACH TO
ADULTS
Aligned
Standards -- Early
Assessment
Transfer to 4-Year
Innovative Cost
Reductions -- Productivity
-- Equity
Dual or Concurrent
Enrollment -- Revamped
Remedial Ed -- Course Redesign
Tuition Stabilization -- Financial
Aid
Re-Engaging College
Dropouts -- Adult Ed --
Career Pathways
Illinois P P P P P PIndiana P P P P P P P P
Michigan P P PNew York P P P P
Ohio P P P P P P PWisconsin P P P
Mapping of MSIs and the 2020 Goal
Initiatives Launched / Ongoing
College Completion Tool Kit for States
Data Dashboard for ED WebsiteRequest for Information (RFI)
Open Educational Resources (OER)
FIPSE/First in the World $120 million FIPSE program in President’s 2012
budget proposal Modeled on ED’s I3 program
Will focus on innovation to raise capacity and efficiency in teaching and learning
Aimed at catalyzing a cultural transformation in higher education to create a new dynamic of rising productivity and quality
Grants Reform TRIO – GEAR UP Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) International Education Programs
Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement
Education’s role in a healthy democracy
AASCU leadership in American Democracy Project
AACC’s Democracy Commitment Initiative
Report from National Task Force: Call to action for government, K-12, higher education, community organizations, employers, foundations
Opportunity for creating a tipping point for growing efforts in civic learning and engagement
RulemakingTeacher Preparation
◦ TEACH Grants◦ Institutional Reporting & State Accountability◦ Nominations due November 25th
Student Loans
◦ Income-based repayment◦ “Naturally readable” Direct Loan regulations◦ Total and permanent disability◦ Nominations due by November 28th
Experimental Sites ◦ Pell Grants◦ Student Eligibility◦ Direct Loan Program
STEM EducationSTEM degrees are in high demand
◦ 4 of the 10 fastest growing occupations are in STEM fields
100,000 STEM teachers in the next decade◦ Effective Teaching and Learning –
Mathematics and Science Partnerships◦ Teacher and Leader Pathways ◦ Presidential Teaching Fellows◦ STEM teacher loan forgiveness
35% of STEM majors complete their degrees◦ Unacceptable rates for women and
students of color
Federal Student AidImprove loan servicing to provide
increased college completion and avoid defaults◦In-school counseling and financial literacy
Implement gainful employment regulations
Increase college affordability by executing the loan consolidation initiative
Enable IHEs to experiment with Pell grants and loans to increase college completion
5 Million More Community College Graduates by 2020◦ October 5, 2010
First White House Summit for Community Colleges◦ February-April 201
Four Regional Summits held◦ May 2011
Virtual Community College Summit held◦ September 2011
$500 Million Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College & Career Training Grants Awarded
◦ Spring 2012 $500 million to be awarded in FY12 (Round 2)
◦ $5 billion investment from the American Jobs Act
Strengthening Community Colleges
Strengthening Community Colleges
College AffordabilityReinventing Developmental
EducationImproving Transfer and
ArticulationImproving Business and Industry
EngagementServing Veterans, Service
Members, and Their FamiliesScaling Effective Practices
White House InitiativeCompletion Agenda
Community Action Summits and Tribal Consultations
Blue Ocean College Completion Strategy
Data systems and indicators improvements
Completion philanthropyPresident’s Interfaith and
Community Service Campus Challenge
Today’s Opportunities2012 Budget Proposals for Expanding
Capacity◦ $5,550 Pell Grants◦ First In The World◦ State College Completion Challenge Grants
Convening Higher Education◦ ACE Presidential Commission◦ SHEEOs, NASH
Identifying, Promoting and Scaling Best Practices
Increasing College-Ready High School Graduates
Improving Retention and Graduation Rates◦ Shorter time to degree ◦ Streamlined business operations ◦ Greater economies of scale for business functions ◦ Program consolidation
A vibrant and prosperous America depends on its
educational system – in fact, the future of our
democracy depends on the positive contributions
of critical thinkers and engaged citizens.