USC Campus Security: Improving Safety With Student Insight

7/30/2019 USC Campus Security: Improving Safety With Student Insight

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Mally T. Vu2115 Estrella AvenueLos Angeles, California [email protected]

May 6, 2013

C.L. Max Nikias, University PresidentJohn Thomas, Department of Public Safety ChiefUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, California 90089

RE: USC Security - Improving Safety with Student Insight, Statement of Purpose

Dear President Nikias and Chief Thomas:

My name is Mally and I am an undergraduate student pursuing a degree in public relations at theAnnenberg School for Communication and Journalism. This semester, a group of students and Icollaborated on an assignment for Journalism 463: Public Relations Research, Analysis, andInsight regarding the new safety measures utilized by the Department of Public Safety.

With the goal of gaining understanding, control of the public discourse, and the power to predictfuture circumstances surrounding the universitys approach to security reform, we engaged inresearch with the guidance of our professor, David Quast. We began with an investigation intohow students perceive the new policies; then, in attempting to understand these perceptions, wecarefully selected individuals within the campus community and among the surrounding

community to help us further understand what these measures mean to them.

We examined our findings and with available resources, established alternative recommendationsfor the university to improve safety measures and safety awareness. Our findings, analyses, andsuggestions are outlined in the following pages.

Thank you in advance for taking the time to review our work and we hope you find our research,insights, and informed recommendations useful to implementing improvements in universitysecurity policies. We look forward to working with you to push the university forward as a local,national, and global leader.

Sincerely,

Mally T. VuB.A. Public Relations, CandidateUniversity of Southern California


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USC Campus SecurityImproving Safety with Student Insight

Journalism 463 Final ProjectCompiled by Mally Vu

Research, Analysis, and Insights contributions made by:

Mally VuHayley Burgess

Eric WatkinsCamille de la Vega

Patrick Mazuca

Rebecca Iloulian


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Table of Contents

Statement of Purpose 1Title Page 2

Table of Contents 3Executive Summary 4

Secondary Research with Insights 5Research Objectives 8

Methodology 9Primary Research with Insights 11

Conclusion with Future Implications 15Tables and Figures 16


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Executive Summary

The University of Southern California (USC) code of ethics reads: We strive constantly forexcellence in teaching knowledge and skills to our students, while at the same time helping themto acquire wisdom and insight, love of truth and beauty, moral discernment, understanding of self,and respect and appreciation for others.

Recent attacks against USCs Department of Public Safety (DPS) claim the university has notbeen abiding by these values. After the on-campus shooting that occurred in October 2012, thecampus was left desperate for security reform. University administration acted promptly toensure students, their parents, and the community that the campus was still a safe environment.Despite their immediacy, however, their responselimited access to campus during after hours,fences and gates surrounding the campus, and prevalent security officers on and aroundcampuswas negatively received by students, alumni, and faculty across the campus community.

Although these measures were already a part of the universitys agenda to be carried out withinthe next couple of years, the frightening incident that shook the entire campus expedited theprocess. Still, many students and alumni believe this was a tactic to combat only the concerns ofparents and outside onlookers, ensuring that the university was taking all possible steps to ensurestudent safety on campus. Rather than heightening safety, they believed the university was onlyselling the idea of safety. Further, many in the campus community expressed concerns that USCwas alienating the surrounding communitylocal businesses, neighborhoods, and nearbystudentsby limiting access and suggesting hostility with physical barriers around campus. The

misunderstanding between the campus administration and campus community led to a growingtension between the university administration and the many within the campus community.

Recognizing the disparities between the two parties, a group of undergraduate public relationsstudentsMally Vu, Hayley Burgess, Eric Watkins, Camille de la Vega, Patrick Mazuca, andRebecca Ilouliancame together to try to help eradicate tension and help USC ultimatelydetermine the most effective safety protocol. By researching student perception surroundingcampus security reform through an extensive survey, speaking in-depth with student leaders andcommunity leaders about their thoughts on how the university is approaching security reform, andobserving the new policies in effect around campus, we found some of the new security measures

to be ineffective and did not serve the interests of either the campus community or thesurrounding community. Ultimately, we have determined that the university must make changesto its policies to ensure its publics that student safety is a top priority.

In addition, the university can and should work with both the student body and the surroundingcommunity to become a leader in campus safety through ongoing conversation about securityreform. Through this, university administration can ensure its students receive a fulfillingexperience during their time at USC with respect to the community they live in.


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Secondary Research with Insights

We conducted competitive and content analyses to better understand the issues of securityreform, what other universities have done to combat them, and issues specific to USC.

Competit ive AnalysisI. Stanford University hosts an annual Community Day, an all-day celebration that invites

local students and other members of the surrounding community to enjoy family-orientedactivities hosted by student organizations throughout campus.

II. Tufts University provides contact information for campus resources that is available to thesurrounding community, encouraging comments, suggestions, and feedback from both thecampus community and the surrounding community.

III. Columbia University provides a list of resources on their site, titled Neighbors, that isavailable to members of the surrounding community in order to foster communityengagement and active contribution to campus and community safety.

While USCdoes host an annual community campaign, the university does not engage with thecommunity year-round to discuss important issues regarding both the campus and thecommunity. Tufts and Columbia place much importance on the surrounding communityscontributions, encouraging ongoing conversation for campus improvements.

Content AnalysisWe reviewed 10 articles as well as their comments from a variety of publications (Los Angeles

Times, LA Weekly, NBC Los Angeles, CBS, KTLA, Daily Trojan, and Neon Tommy) in order toevaluate the public sentiment of USCs approach to security reform.

I. Positive Statements: 37a. These statements commend USC for taking prompt and authoritative action in

response to the threats to student safety on campus, indicating the universitymade the best decisions possible. They agree that safety should be the utmostconcern over community affairs.

b. Example: Student Fabiola Wells welcomes the changes. It makes me feelsafe,she said. I feel theres people out there watching the gatesAll we have to do iscarry our student ID. (NBC Los Angeles)

II. Negative Statements: 38a. Although the numbers of positive statements and negative statements were similar

in amount, the negative statements were overwhelmingly more powerful than thepositive statements, suggesting USC was projecting hostility toward thesurrounding community. These words used surrounding USCs security reformapproach were: fortress, hassle, alienates, prison, police state, power trip, andrent-a-cops.


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b. Example: I agree completely the fence is a waste of resourcesit is a lame and alltoo transparent reaction to placate those who believe that Michael Jackson shouldbe fired for inviting and/or allowing gangbangers onto our beloved campus. (DailyTrojan, reader comment)

III. Neutral Statements: 95a. These statements were made primarily to inform the public of USCs new safetymeasures, outlining new and improved policies that will affect the surrounding

community and campus visitors. This is a clear effort on USCs part tocommunicate to the surrounding community and its publics of the universitysefforts to improve safety on campus.

b. Example: Between 9 p.m. and 6 a.m., the number of campus entrance points willbe reduced and limited to students, faculty, staff and their guests. Anyone arrivingon campus during that time will be asked to show identification to security guardsstationed at the entrance points. (Los Angeles Times)

In order to grasp the most effective research methods needed to help resolve the tensionbetween the university administration and the campus community while seeking to understandthe needs of the surrounding community, we created insights through our competitive andcontent analyses to perform a situation analysis, establishing the universitys strengths,weaknesses, opportunities, and threats surrounding security reform.

Situation AnalysisI. Strengths

a. USC is the largest private employer in Los Angeles, demonstrating the universitysefforts to return resources to the community through economic development.

b. Since 1994, USC has celebrated an annual campaign, Good Neighbors, tofacilitate fundraising for the enhancement of educational opportunities, goodhealth and fitness, economic development, and safety improvements within thecommunity, donating a total of $14 million to date.

c. In response to threats to student safety, the university has implementedheightened security measuresmore security cameras, increased officer presence,fences surrounding campus, strict after hours curfewto demonstrate theuniversitys priority for students well-being.

II. Weaknessesa. DPS and LAPD officers serving USC have been scrutinized for poor

communication and officer training, leading to ineffectiveness in their responses.

b.

While USC implements the Good Neighbors Campaign, Troy Camp, and Friendsand Neighbors Day, the general culture for service learning and communityengagement is lacking on campus. The sororities and fraternities in the Greeksystem generally partake in community service merely once a year.

c. There is a general concern for the lack of campus safety on and around campusbecause USC is located in the high-crime environment of South Los Angeles andespecially with the murders of two graduate students outside of USC in April 2012followed by the recent on-campus shooting in October of the same year.


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III. Opportunitiesa. The university has a culture of campus involvement and social organizations,

among them the Greek system. It can utilize these active organizations to becomeambassadors for improved security.

b. USC can work with other campuses within similar urban environments to discussthe improvements in security reform.

c. USC can join the already established discourse surrounding campus safety reformand create a cohesive message that the university cares primarily about studentsafety but also takes into consideration the surrounding community, attempting tounderstand whether engaging with the surrounding community affects the campusenvironment. Through this, USC can become a leader in security reform.

IV. Threatsa. Enhanced security reform will require more funding from the universitys budget.b. Many believe the university places profit over the well-being of the surrounding

community because the university currently does not have a systematic method ofcommunicating the detailed breakdown of expenses.

c. USC has been attacked for misrepresenting safety on and around campus: USCdescribes the area as urban rather than accurately depicting it as a high-crimeresidential area. Although the university boasts a diverse student body with thelargest number of international students in the country, according to an article inthe Los Angeles Times, many parents are increasingly concerned the universitymay not be a safe option for their children.


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Research Objectives

Through an extensive review of university security reform, research on campus outreach trends,opinions from thought leaders among the campus community and the surrounding community, wefound it critical to conduct further research to:

1. Assess the efficacy of new security measures including the recent installation of fencesand gates around campus;

2. Understand the public perceptionincluding the campus community and the surroundingcommunityof USCs approach toward security reform;

3. Become informed of whether these measures have had a positive, negative, or neutraleffect on the campus community and the surrounding community;

4. Understand the connection between effective security reform on campus and theuniversitys culture for community engagement; and

5. Determine the most effective safety protocol that ensures the well-being of the campuscommunity with respect to the surrounding community.

The foundation of both the research objectives and research strategies will rely on a two-wayrelationship between the campus community and the surrounding community, raising awarenessof the increased security measures to both, as well as to local and national media outlets. Thisholistic perspective will create a public relations and business plan that works to ensure peace ofmind and maximum safety of the campus community without antagonizing or restricting thesurrounding community.


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Methodology

After gaining insights from secondary research and developing our research objectives, wedetermined our most effective research methods: a survey, in-depth interviews, and observations.

Student SurveyI. What: We used a Qualtrics online survey with optional questions regarding demographics,

location of local residence, safety concerns, thoughts on new security measures, andcommunity involvement. Our questions were in the form of Likert style, semanticdifferential, multiple choice, and fill-in.

II. Who: We surveyed 210 USC female and male undergraduate students from a variety ofmajors and class standings who live in various locations on and around campus and arefrom different backgrounds. This allowed us to see whether there was a pattern in howdifferent types of studentsi.e. students who are heavily involved on campus but not in thecommunity, student heavily involved in the community, students who receive financial aidas an indicator of family backgroundperceive USCs new security measures.

III. How: A Facebook event page was created inviting over 600 USC undergraduate studentswith a valid USC email to voluntarily participate in the survey. We also ensured anonymityin order to encourage all participants to answer truthfully.

IV. Why: We wanted to gain a general understanding of how students feel about the newsecurity measures, how their demographics affected their perceptions, and whether theyfelt the new measures were creating or increasing hostility toward the surroundingcommunity, and to what extent. We further wanted to see whether students connected

campus safety with USCs limited culture for community engagement. We also wanted todiscover discrepancies in the way students were receiving messages from the university,both about immediate threats and about the universitys actions regarding security reform.

V. List of Questions: Please see Addendum I on page 16.In-Depth Interviews with Student Leaders

I. What: We conducted in-depth interviews with six broad questions addressing USCs currentculture for community engagement and how new security measures have affected thisculture. We also spoke about the students involvements on campus and in the surroundingcommunity. Our discussions were informal and in a relaxed setting in order to encourage

an open and honest conversation.II. Who: We interviewed 24 female and male student leaders within the same age group,between 18 and 22. These students represent different areas of the student population oncampus. We tried to understand how the students backgroundi.e. ethnicity, familyupbringing, major, and community involvementaffects their approach on security reform.

III. How: Our group assigned each individual to interview at least three student leaders thatrepresent the diversity on campus, determined by ethnicity, gender, age, campus andcommunity involvement, and location of residence. We decided on a set list of broad,


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leading questions to initiate the conversation, and depending on the answers, theinterviewer was open to ask any follow-up questions.

IV. Why: The interviews were conducted to delve deeper into why the patterns we discoveredin our survey exist and what ideas students feel the university should take intoconsideration. The follow-up questions were to better understand the student leaders

perceptions and understanding of USCs new measures. We also wanted to assess to whatextent the students believed the university was serving, or not serving, their interests.

V. List of Leading Questions: Please see Addendum II on page 16.In-Depth Interviews with Community Leaders

I. What: We also conducted in-depth interviews with community leaders using five leadingquestions about their reaction to USCs newly implemented security measures. We alsospoke about how USC can improve its approach to security reform. Our discussions wereinformal and in a relaxed setting in order to encourage an open and honest conversation.

II. Who: We spoke with five leaders in the community, some who chose to remain anonymous.Each community leader was identified as someone who works, lives, volunteers, or receivesvolunteer services on or in the area immediately surrounding campus.

III. How: Two members of our group carefully selected different individuals who representdifferent aspects of the community and contacted them requesting an interview. We alsodecided on a set list of leading questions to initiate the conversation, and depending on theanswers, the interviewer was open to ask any follow-up questions.

IV. Why: We wanted to understand whether the surrounding community felt alienated byUSCs new policies and how they felt USC could better address safety issues inconsideration of the surrounding community. We wanted to evaluate the differences andsimilarities in the views of the campus community and the views of the surroundingcommunity in order to address the relationship between the two communities.

V. List of Leading Questions: Please see Addendum III on page 16.Gate Entrance Observations

I. What: We stationed outside of the gate entrance on Trousdale Parkway on JeffersonBoulevard and University Way on two separate nights (one weekday and one weekend) toobserve the new security measures in effect.

II. Who: We observed the roles of the CSC officers and the interactions between them andcampus visitors after 9 p.m. The CSC officers were male; one appeared Latino and oneCaucasian. Campus visitors appeared to consist mostly of students with few older visitors.The majority of those entering campus were aware of the new policies.

III.

How: We assigned shifts to three members of our group and created a guideline for ourobservations to ensure maximum impartiality. We also wanted to make our observationssubtle so brought side work to do as we made our observations.

IV. Why: We wanted to evaluate whether the interactions students claimed in the survey and inthe in-depth interviews were valid. We also wanted to understand how CSC officersperceived their new roles to maintain a safe environment and whether this aligned withhow importantly USC placed safety in its agenda.

V. Guidelines for Observations: Please see Addendum IV on page 17.


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Primary Research with Insights

Through our research, we were able to develop insights that explain precisely where theuniversitys approach to security reform needs adjustments or improvements. The insights areoutlined below, followed with supporting evidence.

Student Survey I. Students already feel safe on campus and, instead of implementing measures such as

installing fences to protect campus, USC should focus on improving safety around thecampus in the surrounding community where the majority of students live.

a. The majority of students live off campus in the surrounding community and thenewly installed fences do not protect them during after hours. Please see Figure I.

b. When asked to rate on a scale of 1 to 5 how safe students feel on campus, theaverage value was 4.56. When asked the same about how safe students feel offcampus, students responded with an average of 3.3, showing safety off campus isa much larger concern for students.

II. DPS has an extensive safety unit with many employees stationed on and around campus(referred to as DPS-patrolled areas), and while their efforts are many, students areconvinced they are ineffective.

a. When asked what suggestions students have to improve campus safety, 27 out of95 students recommended a change in policies, more effectiveness, thoroughness,and/or better training for DPS employees. Seventeen did not provide a responseand 51 suggested various solutions.

i. Example: People scanning fingerprints and checking IDs should be moreattentive/aware of surroundings.ii. Example: Move the cops that spend all day writing biking tickets to

problem areas.III. Students would like to become involved with the community more, but do not believe they

have enough access to opportunities to do so since USC does not cultivate a strong culturefor community engagement.

a. Ninety-one out of 108 students claim that they wish they had more opportunitiesto be involved in the community through the university.

b. When asked whether USC should seek the thoughts of community members whenmaking decisions regarding improvements for security reform, 123 out of 149students selected Agree or Strongly Agree. Please see Figure II.

In-Depth Interviews with Student LeadersI. Heightened security measures only appear heightened but they are also a lot of fluff, and

many have realized this. However, some of the measures are effective in the sense thatthey are raising awareness about USCs increasing security measures.


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a. Many students felt the heightened security measures as the universitys desperateresponse after the on-campus shooting to give parents peace of mind.

i. Example: I think these security measures are just a PR move by theuniversity that excludes the community. (Female senior at USC studyingBroadcast Journalism)

b. The majority of students interviewed recognized the newly installed fences butclaim the new and existing security measures do little to protect its students,especially off campus.

i. Example: I question what DPS is doing riding around on their Segwayscooterstheyre everywhere nowthey remind me of mall cops. (Malesophomore at USC studying International Relations)

II. Students appreciate the universitys increase in security measures, but address theuniversitys lack of thorough training and effectiveness for all of its DPS employees. Theybelieve safety issues would more likely be resolved if DPS officers were more effective attheir job and if current policies changed to reflect the safety needs of students.

a. Many students believe current DPS policiessuch as where officers are stationed,crime officers focus on, and hours of serviceare not reflective of students safetyconcerns.

i. Example: Why are there so many DPS officers during the day and not atnight? It doesnt make sense. (Male sophomore at USC, Troy Campcounselor)

ii. Example: The ambassadors always look bored and not alertwhen theycould be actually protecting USC students. Like during weekends on theRow, where are they? They dont seem like they take their job seriously.(Male sophomore at USC, Volunteer Center volunteer)

III. The fences are a physical barrier that represents the economic and cultural disparitiesbetween the campus community and the surrounding community. If USC is going to boastits service to the community and to the world, it needs to also have the surroundingcommunitys needs in mind.

a. Students feel the new security measures have stunted the universitys ability toserve as a community resource.

i. Example: By putting fences around campus, USC is telling communitymembers that they are not welcome. (Female senior at USC, Troy Campcounselor)

b. Students feel the university should work with the surrounding community tocombat safety issues.

i.

Example: USC belongs to the communityand safety is not just a campusissues, its a community issue. (Female junior at USC studying EnglishLiterature)

In-Depth Interviews with Community LeadersI. New security measures do not alienate the surrounding community and the new curfew is

a good idea since members of the community should not be outdoors after 9 p.m.


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a. The new security measures are only a reflection of current safety measures thecommunity takes to ensure safety in a high-crime environment.

i. Example: [The heightened security measures] dont alienate thesurrounding community because why would people want to get in at night?The restrictions are only at night. (Interviewee requested to remain

anonymous)II. USCs approach to security reform should include the involvement of the community since

off campus safety is the real issue at hand.a. The current unarmed DPS officers and ambassadors should be replaced with more

effective enforcement with quicker responses.i. Example: The shooting last year is an example of how danger it is off

campus. We need more police presence off campusthey need to be moreeffective, intimidating because you never know what threats are there.(Interviewee requested to remain anonymous)

III. Many members of the community, most notable local students, have never visited USC sothe new security measures do not affect them. However, this brings up the issue that thereis a lack of connection between the university and the community it is in.

a. USC does not have a highly visible and impacting outreach program that welcomesthe community onto campus allowing for the campus and the community toengage.

i. A mother who visits USC for a volunteer program for her daughterprovided that many students who live in the surrounding community do notvisit the campus because they have no reason to.

ii. A female member of the community who regularly visits USC to volunteerexpressed she is not aware of USCs efforts to engage in the community.

Gate Entrance ObservationsI. When checking IDs at the gate entrances after 9 p.m. in observance of the new safety

curfew, CSC officers did not appear alert or invested in their jobs and conveyed a lack ofinterest. This demonstrates that CSC officers did not believe the new security measures ortheir services to be purposeful or valuable to the campus community.

a. One employee was sitting eating McDonalds while another employee was writingsomething on what it looked like a form. Generally, they just glanced at the IDs asstudents and others passed the gate entrance.

b. In one instance, there was a line of bikes and some people biked pass flashing theirID cards because they didn't want to wait in line. The employee who was eating did

not get up to help expedite the ID checking process.II. The majority of visitors that entered campus were aware of the new policy and had theirIDs readily available, merely flashing them to get through security. This implies thatstudents and other visitors also do not see the purpose of the new measure and do nottake the security check seriously. This also poses an easily identifiable loophole for anyoneintending to commit crime on campus.


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a. In one night, approximately 90 percent of visitors, or 52 out of 58, approachingCSC officers had their IDs readily available, merely flashed them at the workers,and continued on their night without trouble. Please see Figure V.

b. In one instant, both workers turned their attention to something in one of theirbackpacks. One student was passing by with his ID out and flashed it at them, but

noticed they were not paying attention, so he stepped back and rudely shoved hisID in their face as if asserting that they should be doing their job.

III. The CSC officers responded differently to female visitors entering campus, posing yetanother loophole in the new security measure for someone who is intending to commitcrime on campus and can take advantage of this knowledge.

a. Generally, the reactions toward different types of students were the same, butoften when female students approached one of the CSC officers, he had a lax,sideways posture that was not intimidating. With male students, however, hewould adjust his posture to be more confrontational, facing both shoulders towardto assert more authority.

b. In one instant, a female Caucasian visitor entered campus without attempting toshow her ID. The CSC officers did not stop her and she continued onto campuswithout any trouble.


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Conclusion with Future Implications

This is merely the beginning of security reform at USC. At USC, the university administratorshave the responsibility to understand and respond to the comments and suggestions made by itsstudents and from the surrounding community. We have provided a list of suggested strategiesthe university can implement in order to serve the interests of its student body and ensure thewell-being of the entire community as a whole.

1. USC should enhance security measures that are both effective and visual.The university should not just hire more DPS officers, but should also better train their currentDPS officers. USC should further ensure that DPS practices are aligned with the safety needsand concerns of the student body as well as the community. In all, DPS should focus more effortsoff campus since students and community members have expressed their main concerns forsafety off campus.

2. USC should foster transparency and an ongoing conversation between the universityadministration, the campus community, and the surrounding community.Instead of only an annual Good Neighbors Campaign, there should be yearlong interaction withthe community to improve safety efforts and overall, community concerns. USC should furtherimprove internal messagingincreasing the usage of positive words and phrases surrounding theuniversitys approach to security reformin order to project cohesive external messages throughthe media. Another step would to provide more detailed financial and impact statements, as wellas crime statistics in the surrounding area, to ensure that USC is clearly communicating facts.

3. USC should heighten its cultivation of a culture for community engagement.The university should host a Community Day and encourage student organizations and the Greeksystem to fundraise for and organize the event. USC can encourage these organizations toengage more in the community and can further increase funding efforts for organizations thatalready do interact with the community on a regular basis. Furthermore, USC should require allgeneral education core classes to offer credit for a semester involvement with the JointEducational Program in order to emphasize the importance of service learning.

Finally, USC should launch the Campus Security Initiative: Building the Framework for Stronger

and Safer Communities, a conference for and by the campus, the surrounding community, andsimilar college campuses to discuss the current issues in security reform and campus safety withan emphasis in community engagement. While students safety and well-being should be ofutmost concern, the university is an integral part of the communitythrough employment andcivic serviceand the communitys interests are also a vital part of the universitys policies.Together, the communities can find solutions to combat growing concerns for safety andcommunity and engage in the conversation on how to provide the most fulfilling urban universityexperience.


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Tables and Figures

Addendum ISurvey Questions1. Please specify your: gender, ethnicity, class standing, major, and location of residence (by

marking a heat graph).

2. Do you receive financial aid? Financial aid is any funding (including loans) rewarded to thestudent by USC or the federal government to pay education-related expenses.

3. On a scale of 1-5, how safe do you feel on campus? Off campus?4. New USC safety efforts (including fencing and increased security presence) have been

effective. Please select from Strongly Disagree to Strong Agree.5. In particular, do you think the new fences surrounding USC make members of the community

feel unwelcome?

6. I wish students at USC had more opportunities to volunteer in the community. Please selectfrom Strongly Disagree to Strong Agree.

7. When making decisions regarding new safety measures, USC should seek the thoughts ofcommunity members. Please select from Strongly Disagree to Strong Agree.

8. What is your most important safety concern at USC? Please fill in.Addendum IIIn-Depth Interviews with Student Leaders Lead Questions1. How do you feel about the new security measures implemented this semester?

2. Has it affected the campus ability as a community resource?

3. What would you change about campus security if you had all the resources you needed?4. Are you involved in any organizations on campus?5. How often do you get to interact with the community?6. How do you think the community feels about the new security measures?

Addendum IIIIn-Depth Interviews with Community Leaders Lead Questions1. How do you feel about the new security measures implemented this semester?

2. Do you feel the fences alienate the surrounding community?3. Do you think the new security measures are effective?

4. How can USC improve its campus security without antagonizing the surrounding community?5. Do you think USC generally does a good job in engaging with the surrounding community?


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Addendum IVGuidel ines for Observations1. Observe CSC officers posture and overall attitude toward her or his job.2. Observe the differences in posture and demeanor when the officers are approached by:

female or male visitors, visitors of different ethnicities and different ages, and any other visible

differences among people entering campus.3. Note any greetings, physical interaction or confrontation between the CSC officers and

campus visitors.

4. Note attention to detail given by CSC officers when checking visitors IDs.5. Observe side activity, whether CSC officers are standing or sitting, and anything that appears

not a part of their job.6. Note visitors responses to the policy.

Figure I: Students Location of Residence Heat Graph


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Figure II: Should USC work with the community in security reform?

Figure III: New Security Measures Awareness

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USC Campus Security: Improving Safety With Student Insight

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