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1861-1865
Alex KwonUS - D11/08/11
MERICANCIVILWAR
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TABLE OF CONTENTSReadying for the WarResources...................................................3Preparation................................................4
Commanders & ConflictsLeaders.......................................................5
The 7 Days ................................................6
Battle of Antietam...................................7Battle of Fredericksburg.........................8
Minority Groups........................................9
Americans During the Civil
WarCamp Life..........................................10-11Life on the Home Front........................12
The Aftermaths of the WarEffects................................................ ....13
Reconstruction......................................14
Bibliography...........................................
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READYINGFORTHEWAR
RESOURCES
CONFEDERACY
better generals
higher motivation
European countries
stronger military
traditions
UNION
bigger population
more factories
more fighting power
better transportation
better food productio
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Emancipation Proclamation
When the Emancipation
Proclamation was issued, both
armies recruited ex-slaves.
This allowed each armies to
have a larger army and have
more people to serve.
UnionEquipment foragecap
fatigueblousewooltrousers armyshirt boots cartridgeboxandsling knapsack haversack canteen
ConfederateEquipment
hat
sackcoat
military-styletrous
ers
commonshirt
workboots
cartridgebox
knapsack
rationbag
canteen
soldiersmess
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LEADERS
John C. Pemberton Entered West Point in 1833, graduating 4 years later
Fought in the Mexican War
Known for his defeat and surrender at the Siege of Vicksburg
Born a Northerner, had two brothers who fought for the Union, yet cho
to fight for the confederates.
Resigned due to the influence of his background, married to a Virginian
wife.
Ordered to defend a fortress city called Vicksburg, Mississippi, which h
later surrendered.
Commanded the artillery of defenses of Richmond.
Uncle of John Pemberton, who later invented Coca-Cola
PGT Beauregard
Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard
First prominent general of the Confederate States Army.
Trained as civil engineer at US Military Academy.
Commanded: Fort Sumter
Defensive forts in Charleston
Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee
Siege of Corinth
Greatest achievement: Saved Petersburg, VA, an important industrial city
which led to saving Richmond from assaults.
Henry Wirz
Born in Switzerland
Practiced medicine
Was a prison guard at Richmond
Took part in Battle of the Seven Pines
Commanded Camp Sumter for a year, soon after it was established.
Trialed and sentenced to death after found guilty of conspiracy with
murder and war crime.
Hanged in the US Capitol
Wirzs trial comes out in the 1970 film The Anderson Trial.
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Richmond, Virginia
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
VS
Union General George B. McClellan.
The Army of North Virginia
VS
THE7DAYSBATTLE
June 25 - July 1 1862
A series of 6 major battles
Union army attacks at the Battle of Oak Grove.
Lee began a series of attacks at Beaver Dam Creek, Gainess Mill, Garnetts and Goldings Farm, Savage
Station.
McClellans army continued retreating to James river.
Battle of Glendale, Lee had a good chance to victory but let the Union escape, which later allowed them to
cause heavy casualties to the Confederacy
McClellans army was safe in James River
CONFEDERATE VICTORY
CONFEDERACY UNION
20,200
casualties
15,900
casualties
Confederate Robert E. Lee
Union George B. McClellan
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Sharpsburg, Maryland
Confederate General Robert E. Lee
VS
Union General George B. McClellan.
The Army of North Virginia
VS
The Army of Potomac.
BATTLEOFANTIETA
Fought on September 17, 1862 First major battle fought on the Northern Territory
Bloodiest single-day battle in American history
McClellan pursued Lee into Maryland, attacking Lee;s army in defensive positions behind Antietam Creek.
McClellans plan were poor and lacked concentration, which caused his army to be completely destroyed
Losses were heavy for both sides.
More Americans died on this day than any other day in the history of the national military.
UNION VICTORY
CONFEDERACY UNION
10,300
casualties
12,400
casualties
Confederate Robert E. Lee Union George B. McClellan
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Fredericksburg, Virginia
Confederate Robert E. Lee
VS
Union Ambrose E. Burnside
The Army of North Virginia
VS
The Army of Potomac.
BATTLEOF
FREDERICKSBURG
December 11- 15 1862
The most one-sided battles of the American Civil War.
Burnsides plan: Cross the Rappahannock River and get to Richmond before Lees army could prevent him.
Bureaucratic delays hindered Burnside, allowing Lee to block the crossings.
Union armies attacked Confederate armies on a well-built ridge called Maryes Heights
Union ended up with heavy losses from several assaults.
CONFEDERATE VICTORY.
CONFEDERACY UNION
5,400
casualties
12,700
casualties
Confederate Robert E. Lee Ambrose E. Burnside
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African Americans
played an important role in the struggle to
end slavery
served in the military, as soldiers or took
away action from the battlefield. offered freedom if they fought in the army
and survived.
MINORITY
GROUPS
Women
replaced men on farms and in city jobs,
obtaining government jobs for the first time. worked mostly as clerks, copying ledgers and
letters by hand.
worked as war nurses, serving in hospitals
and taking care of the wounded soldiers.
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AMERICANS DURING THE CIVIL
WAR
CAMP LIFE Poor conditions to live in
Bad diet
Lack of medical care
Garbage disposal and
latrines were almost unknown.The badly wounded were
taken care at eld hospitals.
Confederate camps had less
than the Union camps.
Many soldiers didnt ght
with shoes on, but some took
the shoes of the dead Union
troops.
Confederate soldiers had to
search for weapons and ammo.Many Confederates had to
sleep outside with no shelter,
but just a blanket.
Uniforms were grey for the
confederacy
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Womenhadtoreplacemenonfarmsandin
cityjobs.Theyobtainedgovernmentjobs
forthefirsttime. The war turnedfamilies against
eachotherbecauseevenwithin
families, there were arguments and
differentbeliefs.Onefamouscase
would be General Robert E.Lee, who
foughtfortheConfederates,yethad
brotherswhofoughtforthe Union
and had a Virginian wife. This means
thathe fought againsthis ownfamily
members.
LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT
Thescarcityoffood,water,andclothesmadpeoplescavenge.Theylooteddeadbodiesandfoughtagainstoneanotherfortheirownsurvival.
Peoplewholivednearbattlefield
shadtheirlandandhomestakenaw
ayfrom
them.Theirfarmsafieldswouldber
azedtothegroundandwouldloseev
erything
theyhaveworkedfor.
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AFTERMATHEFFECTS
LANDSCAPE
Themajorityathebattleswerefoughton
theSouthernterritory,thustheyweremu
ch
destroyedandinruins.
GAINS
The
South,
of
course,lostthe
war,sothey
didnotgainmuchbenefits.Theyonly
regainedpeacewiththeNor
th.
Before,theyhadnoreprese
ntativesinthe
Senate,butthroughthereco
nstructionwith
theNorth,theywillregainp
ositionsinthe
government
LOSSES
TheSouthlosteverythin
gtheyowned,which
weremostlydestroyedf
romthewar.Their
landsweretakenbythe
NorthandtheAfrican
Americanslavestheyow
nedwereliberated.
Thebiggestlostforthe
wholenationwerethe
numberofdeaths.
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RECONSTRUCTION
ReconstructiontookplaceinAmericaforthesakeofthecivilians.Itwasforthepurposeofrestoringthenationbackintopiecesandrepairthedamages,bothphysicalandgovernmentalissues.ThemainproblemofthereconstructionwastheSouth,whichwasabsolutelydevastated
Benefitsfromthereconstructionwastrestorationofthenationintoapeacefulsinglecountry.Newamendmentsweremadinaspartsof
reconstruction,whichfinallysettledthelaws.
ReconstructionistheperiodofrebuildingthatfollowedtheCivilWar,duringwhichthedefeatedConfederatestateswerereadmittedtotheunion.
TheNorthandSouth,ofcourse,stillhadargumentsanddisagreements.Awaytheycouldbothbebenefitedwasnearlyimpossible
tofind.Onlyasingleunifiedgovernmentwouldbetoleratedbybothsides.
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[15]
"Confederate Camps."American History and World History at Historycentral.com.Historycentral.com. Web.
Civil War Soldier's Equipment - YouTube. Civil War Soldier's Equipment. Youtube,
19 June 2011. Web. 04 Nov. 2011.
"Seven Days Battles." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
"Battle of Antietam." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
"Battle of Fredericksburg."Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
"P. G. T. Beauregard." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
"John C. Pemberton." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
"Henry Wirz." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
"Confederate States Army." Wikipedia. Wikipedia. Web.
Pictures and photos from Google Images
BIBLIOGRAPHY
& CITATIONS
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wirzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiFWqvCW73chttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wirzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wirzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wirzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Wirzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._Pembertonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._G._T._Beauregardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fredericksburghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Days_Battleshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiFWqvCW73chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiFWqvCW73chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiFWqvCW73chttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiFWqvCW73chttp://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/AMERICA/Confederate.htmlhttp://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/AMERICA/Confederate.htmlhttp://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/AMERICA/Confederate.htmlhttp://www.historycentral.com/CivilWar/AMERICA/Confederate.html