Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 1

Using Adverb Clauses to Show Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time RelationsTime Relations

Present

Past Future

By: Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar http://www.kau.edu.sa/SBANJER http://wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 2

Adverb clause or Adverb clause or Dependent Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PASTPAST

PASTPAST

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECTPAST PERFECT PASTPAST

PRESENTPRESENT PRESENT PRESENT

FUTUREFUTURE

FUTUREFUTURE PRESENTPRESENT

Adverb Adverb ClausesClauses

TenseTensess

andandPAST PROGRESSIVEPAST PROGRESSIVE

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AFTERAFTER

✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

A present tenseA present tense, is used in this adverb clause of time.

XXXXXXXXXXXX Future tenseFuture tense is not not used

in this adverb clause.

AfterAfter she graduates, she will get a job.

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE

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WhenWhen I arrived, he was talking on the phone. WhenWhen I got there, he had already left.

WHENWHEN == At that timeAt that time

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PASTPAST PASTPAST

PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE

PRESENTPRESENT PAST PAST PERFECTPERFECT

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WhenWhen it began to rain, I stood under a tree. WhenWhen I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.

WHENWHEN == At that timeAt that time

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PASTPAST PASTPAST

PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE

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WHILE, AS During that time.==

WhileWhile I was walking home, it began to rain. AsAs I was walking home, it began to rain.

Past progressivePast progressive, is used in this adverb clause of time.

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PASTPAST

PROGRESSIVEPROGRESSIVE PASTPAST

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BY THE TIME BY THE TIME

By the timeBy the time he arrivedhe arrived, she hadhad already leftleft. By the timeBy the time he comeshe comes, she will havewill have already leftleft.

PASTPAST PAST PAST PERFECTPERFECT

PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

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SINCE

SinceSince = From that time to the present The present perfectpresent perfect is used in the

main clause.main clause.

I haven’t seen him sincesince he leftleft this morning. I’ve known her ever sincesince I waswas a child.

Adverb Adverb clause or clause or Dependent Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PASTPAST PRESENT PRESENT PERFECTPERFECT

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UNTIL,TILL

We stayedstayed there untiluntil we finishedfinished our lesson.. We stayedstayed there till till we finishedfinished our lesson..

PASTPAST PASTPAST

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

AS SOON AS, ONCE

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As soon as it startsstarts raining, we will leavewill leave. Once I havehave a chance, I will throwwill throw you an ice ball.

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent

clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE

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WheneverWhenever

WheneverWhenever I seesee her, I saysay hello. Every timeEvery time I seesee her, I saysay hello.

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PRESENTPRESENT PRESENTPRESENT

== Every timeEvery time

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THE FIRST TIME,…. etc., THE LAST TIME… etc., THE NEXT TIME,…. etc.

The first time that I went to New York, I wentwent to an opera.

I saw saw two plays the last timethe last time (that) I went to New York.

The next timeThe next time (that) I go to New York, I’m goingI’m going to see a ballet.

Adverb clause Adverb clause or Dependent or Dependent clauseclause

Main Clause or Main Clause or

Independent Independent clauseclause

PASTPAST PASTPAST

PRESENTPRESENT FUTUREFUTURE

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