Using ETAP Load Flow Analysis of 132/11kv Kohat Substation: A … · 2019-11-29 · research makes...

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019, Online: ISSN 2320-9186

www.globalscientificjournal.com

Using ETAP Load Flow Analysis of 132/11kv

Kohat Substation: A Case Study

Muhammad Bilal, Prof.Dr.M.Naeem Arbab, Muhammad Zubair

Author Details (optional) Muhammad Bilal is currently pursuing master’s degree program in electric power engineering from Department Of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan. [email protected] Co-Author (1st) Prof.Dr.M.Naeem Arbab is currently working as a Dean and professor at Department Of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar, Pakistan. [email protected] Co-Author (2nd) Muhammad Zubair is currently pursuing master’s degree program in electric power engineering in Department Of Electrical Engineering, Abasyn University Peshawar, Pakistan. [email protected]

KeyWords

ETAP, Power flow analysis, under voltages etc.

GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 11, November 2019 ISSN 2320-9186

1040

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http://www.globalscientificjournal.com/

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Using ETAP Load Flow Analysis of 132/11kv

Kohat Substation: A Case Study

Muhammad Bilal

Department Of Electrical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan.

[email protected]

Prof.Dr.M.Naeem Arbab Department Of Electrical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

[email protected]

Muhammad Zubair Department Of Electrical Engineering

Abasyn University

Peshawar, Pakistan.

[email protected]

Abstract – Using ETAP software load flow analysis

is accurate and gives high reliable result. This

research makes effective use of ETAP (Electrical

Transient Analyzer Program) to carry out load flow

analysis of 132 kV substation. The actual rating of

transformer, circuit breakers, current transformer,

potential transformer and isolating switch are taken

and modelled in ETAP in the form of single line

diagram. This 132 kV grid station located in KPK

Kohat Pakistan which is come under NTDCL

(National Transmission and Dispatch Company

limited).

In the operation and design planning for the power

system, the most significant and beneficial approach

for the investigation of problems relating to power

systems can be done by means of load flow analysis

or design power flow. In light of a predefined

structured power system and transmission system,

the load flow analysis provides steady state

characteristic data for voltage phase angles and its

magnitude, the flow of reactive power in the

transmission lines, losses in the system, generation

and consumption of reactive power in the bus bar

load. In this, an effort has been made to explore

power flow in the 132/11kV grid by utilizing ETAP

[1]. The data will be collect from Kohat 132/11KV

substation over a period of one year, specifically in

summer and winter peak loads.

I. INTRODUCTION

ETAP is Electrical Transient Analyzer Program. This

software provides Engineers, operators, and manager

platform for continuous functionality from modeling to

operation. ETAP’s model driven architecture enable

“Faster than Real-Time” operations - where Data and

analytics meet to provide predictive behaviour, pre-

emptive action, and situational intelligence to the

owner-operator. ETAP offers a suite of fully integrated

Electrical Engineering software solutions including arc

flash, load flow, short circuit, transient stability, relay

coordination, cable capacity, optimal power flow, and

more. Its modular functionality can be customized to fit

the needs of any company, from small to large power

systems [2].

Figure 1: Load Flow Diagram

As the electric power demand increasing day by day so

for that demand more generating station buit but also to

redesign the current power grid. For this reason, load

flow analysis can play vital role. Load flow or power

flow analysis can be performed by using Electrical

Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP)

which gives accurate, precise and reliable

outcomes[3][4].ETAP provides a package of complete

set of Electrical Design programming tools which

consists of transient steadiness, transfer coordination,

burden stream, transfer coordination, link capacity, and

numerous more ETAP [5].

It is predicted that consumption of energy will rise as

the population raises by which urbanization increases

and financial system will raise too [6].In third world

county or developing countries like Pakistan, where

the generation capacity of electricity is not increasing in

the same proportion as the demand of the country,

which in term leads to deficit of electric power. In spite


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of the deficiency of electric power, the main reason for

the energy deficit is the deficiency in the field of

analysis [7].Due to under voltage problem in power

system causes disturbance in power system so in case

of heavy load the reactive power cannot be send to long

separation so reactive power can be generated near the

load. This is because the difference in voltage causes

reactive power (VARs) to flow and voltages on a

power system are only ±5 percent of nominal and this

small voltage difference does not cause considerable

reactive power (VARs) to flow over long distances. So

if that reactive power (VARs) is not available at the

load centre, the voltage level goes down. Lasting under

voltages can cause excess wear and tear on certain

devices like motor as they will tend to run overly hot

if the voltage is low [8]. Power system studies are done

by electrical engineers from many years for utilizing

distinctive programming tools. The recently powerful

Computer-based software is emerged as a cause of

important research in the field of electrical engineering.

For the analysis and examination of mighty electrical

power systems, which comprises of power distribution

flowing from the 132kV grid, this project features the

viable utilization of Electrical Transient Analyzer

Program (ETAP).[9][10][11].For modelling and

simulation in ETAP, the single line diagram and real

ratings of power transformers, current

transformers(CT), circuit breakers, potential

transformers(PT) and isolators are taken from 132kV

kohat grid situated in kohat Pakistan.

II. PROBLEM STATEMENT

FDR ANA (False Discovery Rate) cannot provide wide

ranging analysis. The under voltage is main cause of

disturbance in power system.

III. OBJECTIVES The main objective are to monitor and analyse the

power system accurately, overcome the under voltage

problem, expand the substation in future demand

.improve the power factor of power system and

minimize the losses of power system.

IV. DETAILS OF COMPONENTS

The data is taken from kohat grid station. The grid

having current transformer, potential transformer,

power transformer, isolators and circuit breakers. The

data is taken real time of various feeder of kohat grid

station.

Table 1: Current Transformer Rating

Equipment Type Primary/ Secondary

Current Transformers

CT 1-3

1200/5A


CT 4

1600/5A


CT 5-11

300/5A


Remaining 41 CTs

600/5A

Table 2: Potential Transformer Rating

Equipment Type Primary/ Secondary

Potential Transformers

PT- 5

132KV/120 KV

Potential Transformers

PT- 6

66 KV/120 KV

Table 3: Power Transformer Rating

Power TF Rating Primary/

secondary

TF-1 40MVA 132/11 KV

TF-2 40MVA 132/66 KV

TF-3 37MVA 132/11 KV

TF-4 26MVA 132/11 KV

Table 4: Current Transformer Rating

Equipment Type Rated

Current

Normal

Current

Circuit breaker

KHN 81-84 40KA 3120A

Circuit breaker

KHN71-74

25KA 2500A

Circuit breaker

WITH FEEDER 25KA 2500A

Circuit breaker

Remaining

400A

Table 1: Isolating switches Rating

Equipment Type Rating

Isolating switches

SW 1-16

132KV/1250A

The summer and winter (2019) load data are taken from

different 11KV feeder of kohat grid station which are

given below in a table.


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Table 5: 11KV Feeder Summer & Winter Load

11kv Feeder

(Places)

Winter Load

(A)

Summer load

(A)

Old City 1 200 160

New City 2 250 190

New City 3 260 290

Lachi Express 370 380

Jarma 450 250

K.T.M 5 7

B.C.M 50 90

Gumbat 370 400

Kohat Express 410 390

Barh 290 250

Alizai-1 220 150

OTS 140 370

Kharmaton 420 390

College town 160 230

Cadet college 120 120

Kohat tunnel 22 25

Figure 2: 132KV grid single Line Diagram in ETAP

132KV single line diagram are modelled in ETAP

which are given above. The two bus bar of 132 KV

rated having four incoming supplies. These 132KV bus

bars are further connected to feeders through power

transformers which stepped down to 11KV. Already to

capacitor bank are installed of rating of 7.2 MVAR

each.

Figure 3: Simulation of 132KV grid in ETAP Before adding

capacitor

132kv single line diagram simulation in ETAP show

the critical and marginal condition of buses then the

capacitor of 8 MVAR are added to the system, the

buses which are under voltages and in critical situation

goes to marginal state and there is no critical alert on

these buses but the buses are still in the form of under

voltage.


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Figure 3: Simulation of 132KV grid in ETAP before after

adding capacitor

Table 6: Incoming supplies to 132KV Grid station

Grid

Type

MV KV MW MVA

R

Am

p

%

P.F

Daud

Khel 1

27.43 132 40.96 23.04 206 87.2

Daud

Khel 2

27.43 132 40.96 23.04 206 87.2

Pesha

war 1

37.27 132 45.90 27.70 235 85.6

Pesha

war 2

45.72 132 45.90 27.70 235 85.6

V. LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS

Swing capacity, demand and losses summary report

without capacitor bank are in below table.

Table 7: summary Report of swing, total demand and losses

before adding capacitor bank.

Type MW MVAR MVA %P.F

Swing 173.9 93.45 205.5 87.9

Total

Demand

173.9 93.45 205.5 87.9

Appearent

Losses

0.31 8.21 --- ---

LOAD FLOW ALERT BY ETAP:

Load flow analysis of 132KV grid station has been

performed in ETAP with the help of different numerical

method in which Newton Raphson method [12] [13] is

used and it is observed the critical and marginal

situation of various part of the system. The buses which

are under voltages and operation condition is below

than 95% are consider as a critical alert while those

buses which are under voltages and operational

condition is greater than 95% are in marginal alert.

From load flow analysis it show that 3 & 8 buses are in

critical alert while bus 9 are in marginal alert.

LOAD FLOW ALERT BY ETAP WHEN

PUTTING OCT 2019 LOAD:

Below table show that there is two buses 3 & 8 are in

under voltage which are critical alert situation.

Table 8: Bus no 3&8 are in under voltage critical situation.

Bus

No.

Condition Rating

KV

Operating %

Operating

Bus

3

Under

voltage

11.0 10.38 94.3

Bus

8

Under

voltage

11.0 10.40 94.6

While the bus 9 is in under voltage and two power

transformer TF-2 & TF-4 are overloaded which are

marginal alert condition which is shown in below table.

Table 8: Marginal alert of bus 9 which is in under voltage

&power transformer tf-2&tf-4 are overloaded.

Equipment

Type

Conditio

n

Ratin

g

Operatin

g

%Operati

ng

Bus 9 Under

Voltage

11

KV

10.62 96.5

TF-2

Transform

er

Overloa

d

40

MVA

38.9 97.1

TF-4

Transform

er

Overloa

d

26

MVA

25.90 99.6


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LOAD FLOW ALERT BY ETAP WHEN

PUTTING JUNE 2019 LOAD:

ETAP show critical alert before capacitor bank was

added.

Table 8: Bus 3 is under voltage and TF-4 is overloaded

Equipment

Type

Condition Rating Operating %Operating

Bus 3 Under

voltage

11 KV 10.35 94.1

TF-4

Transformer

Overload 26MVA 26.8 102.1

ETAP also show marginal alert before capacitor bank

was added.

Table 8: Marginal alerts before adding capacitor bank.

Equipment

Type

Condition Rating

KV

Operating

KV

%Operating

Bus 8 Under

voltage

11.0 10.55 96

Bus 9 Under

voltage

11.0 10.68 97.1

After adding capacitor bank the condition goes from

critical situation to marginal condition but still in uder

voltage condition.

Table 7: summary Report of swing, total demand and losses

after adding capacitor bank.

Type MW MVAR MVA %P.F

Swing 173.7 101.5 206.61 86.2

Total

Demand

173.7 101.5 206.61 86.2

Appearent

Losses

0.34 8.9 --- ---

Table 7: Marginal alerts in which under voltage busses are

shown that are improved after addition of 8mvar capacitor

bank.

Equipment

Type

Condition Rating

KV

Operating

KV

%Operating

Bus 3 Under

voltage

11.0 10.67 96.9

Bus 8 Under

voltage

11.0 10.59 96.2

Bus 9 Under

voltage

11.0 10.69 97.1

VI. Conclusion:

The study of load flow analysis using ETAP to

overcome the problem of under voltage. ETAP software

is an excellent tool for system planning. The outcome

from power flow analysis are phase angle, nodal

voltage transmission losses, real and reactive power in

each line. ETAP is used for to monitor the system more

accurately, help of expansion of substation in future

demand also help to improve power factor and

minimize losses.

VII. REFERENCES

[1] Kiran Natkar, Naveen Kumar, “Design

Analysis of 220/132 KV Substation Using

ETAP”, ISSN: 2395- 0072, Volume: 02 Issue:

03 (June-2015)

[2] ETAP Operations Technology, Inc., Available:

http://www.etap.com.

[3] P. N. Vishal, student Birla Vishwakarma

Mahavidyalaya, Vvn. Akshay pandya, A. Birla

Vishwakarma Mahavidyalaya, and Vvn. A.

Prakash Shah, “Modeling, Simulation and

Analyses of Power Grid-Case study,” Int. J.

Innov. Adv. Comput. Sci. IJIACS ISSN, vol.

4, pp. 2347–8616, 2015.

[4] N. R. W. Jos Arrillaga, Load flow 4.1, Second

Edi., no. ii. WILEY AND SONS, 2001.

[5] N. Nisar, M. B. Khan, S. Gondal, and M.

Naveed, “Analysis and optimization of 132KV

grid using ETAP,” 2015 Power Gener. Syst.

Renew. Energy Technol. PGSRET 2015,

2015.

[6] L. Czumbil, D. D. Micu, S. F. Braicu, A.

Polycarpou, and D. Stet, “Load Flow and

Short-Circuit Analysis in a Romanian 110 / 20

kV Retrofitted Substation,” pp. 0–5, 2017.

[7] R. A. J. Khan, M. Junaid, and M. M. Asgher,

“Analyses and monitoring of 132 kV grid

using ETAP software,” Electr. Electron. Eng.

2009. ELECO 2009. Int. Conf., p. I–113,

2009.

[8] C. Mozina, “Undervoltage load shedding,” in

2007 Power Systems Conference: Advance

Metering, Protection, Control,

Communication, and Distributed Resources,

PSC 2007, 2007, pp. 39–54.

[9] K. Brown, F. Shokooh, H. Abcede, and G.

Donner, “Interactive simulation of power

systems: ETAP applications and\ntechniques,”

Conf. Rec. 1990 IEEE Ind. Appl. Soc. Annu.

Meet., pp. 1930–1941, 1990.


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http://www.etap.com/

[10] W. Zhongxi and Z. Xiaoxin, “Power System

Analysis Software Package (PSASP)-an

integrated power system analysis tool,”

POWERCON ’98. 1998 Int. Conf. Power

Syst. Technol. Proc. (Cat. No.98EX151),

vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 7–11, 1998.

[11] G. W. Stagg and A. H. El-Abiad, “Computer

Methods In Power System Analysis.” p.

427,1968.

[12] Glenn W. Stagg and Ahmed H. El -

Abiad, “ Computer Methods in Power

System Analysis”, McGraw -H ill [1968].

[13] M.A.Pai, “ Computer Techniques in

Power System Analysis”, second

edition, ISBN: 0 -07-059363-9, Tata

McGraw Hill [2005 ].


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