© 2003 SAP AG BW 255, Peter/Rinneberg 1
SAP TechEd ‘03 Basel
Using Process Chains in SAP Business Information WarehouseAlexander PeterProduct Management BI, SAP AG
Thomas RinnebergDevelopment BI, SAP AG
2003 SAP AG, TechED EMEA, BW 255, Peter/Rinneberg 2
Learning Objectives
At the end of this lecture, you will be able to:
Understand Process Chains as an intuitive and easy way to administer your SAP BW
Explain which process types are delivered by SAP
Implement your own process types
© 2003 SAP AG BW 255, Peter/Rinneberg 2
SAP TechEd ‘03 Basel
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SAP NetWeaver™Turning Enterprise Services Architecture Vision Into Reality
The open integration and application platform for TCO reduction
Integrate people, information and processes…… in 1 hub …… across technologiesand organizations.Enterprise-scale Java and ABAP application platform.NET and WebSphere interoperability and extensibilityPre-configured with business contentAdapters to non-SAP
SAP NetWeaver™
Com
posi
te A
pplic
atio
n Fr
amew
ork
PEOPLE INTEGRATION
Multi channel access
Portal Collaboration
INFORMATION INTEGRATION
Bus. Intelligence
Master Data Mgmt
Knowledge Mgmt
PROCESS INTEGRATION
Integration Broker
BusinessProcess Mgmt
APPLICATION PLATFORM
J2EE
DB and OS Abstraction
ABAP
Life Cycle M
gmt
…
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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Introduction: Typical Data Load Cycle
Data Load Monitor
Data Target Maintenance
Start
Load into PSA
Load into ODS
Activate Data in ODS
Load into Cube
Build Indices
Build DB Statistics
Roll up Aggregates
Drop Indices
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Process Chains: Concepts
Start
Data Load A
Data Load X
Drop IC Indices
Email System Admin
Failure? Success?
Concept Example:Building a process
control flow
Data Load B
Data Load C
Success off all 3?
Failure?
Email System Admin
Failure?
Email System Admin
Load 3 InfoPackages in Parallel into 1 InfoCube
Build IC Indices
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Development Model for Process Chain Functionality
Automating BW activities
Graphical modelling and monitoring
Central monitoring of BW processes
Openness for all kinds of processes
High termination security
Moving “responsibility” into the individual processes
Outside in
Inside out
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Basic principles (1)
Openness ⇒ abstract meaning of “process“: “Any activity with defined start and defined ending”
Security ⇒ founding on the batch job administration:
Processes get planned before they run and can be viewed with standard batch-monitorStarting of successors via batch-eventsDumps and Aborts are caught and thus can be treated as failures
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Basic principles (2)
⇒ Responsibility:Predecessor process is not responsible to start the correct successors and provide them with necessary information The successor processes are only responsible to run correctly and gather the necessary information
⇒ Programming model:
Communication between processes: Check the status info of the predecessor process
Loose coupling of the processes to guarantees extensibility (ability to implement your own process using ABAP OO)
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Process Chains Maintenance
Note the
available
process
types
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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Structure of a process
Type – Kind of taskOne ABAP-OO-Class per process type
Variant – ConfigurationDefines characteristics of this process objectMaintenance of variant is specific for every process type
Instance – Messages and information for the successorsThe process object is instantiated at runtime
Runtime:Get the variant and predecessor listInstantiate process objectAsk predecessors for information Execution of the defined processReport ending with status and instance
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Process Chains: Flow for Object Instantiation
Start
Data Load
Data Load X
Drop ICIndices
Email System Admin
Failure? Success?
Sequence of Object Instantiation of a
Process at Runtime
Success?Failure?
Email System Admin
Predecessor Process
Successor Process
input Information
Write Status, also:Any Additional Information?
Execute
Drop IC Indices
Drop ICIndices
Build IC Indices
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Structure of a process – Example of process type
Type – Attribute Change RunExecute the hierarchy and attribute change run Process types can be maintained via Settings – Process Types
Do not change standard process types (if allowed)
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Structure of a process – Example of variant
Variant – Configure the Hierarchy and Attribute Change runExecute the specific hierarchy and attribute change run for which hierarchy, which InfoObject or which data loading process
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Variant Maintenance: References to Predecessor
Example: Start chain, load master data, upon success, perform change run
Process Variants can have the objects to be worked on entered directly
ora reference to a preceding (loading) process, which
knows the objects
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Structure of a process – Example of instance
InstanceThe instance is defined by a unique handle (instance number, a GUID)Store Worklist with instance – this information canbe given to successorsStore logs and protocols with instanceThe instance has an execution statusEach instance is a batch job – a job count isattached to it
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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Collector Processes
Collector processes are used to manage multiple predecessor processes that feed into the same subsequent process. The collector processes available for BW are:
AND : All of the direct predecessor processes must raise an event in order for subsequent processes to be executed
OR : A least one predecessor process must send an eventThe first predecessor process that sends an event triggers the subsequent processAny additional predecessor processes that send an event will again trigger subsequent process (Only if the chain is planned as “periodic”)
EXOR : Exclusive “OR”Similar to regular “OR”, but there is only ONE execution of the successor processes, even if several predecessor processes raise an event
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Process Chains: Concepts
Start
Data Load A
Data Load X
Drop IC Indices
Email System Admin
Failure? Success?
Concept Example:Building a process
control flow
Data Load B
Data Load C
Failure?
Email System Admin
Failure?
Email System Admin
Load 3 InfoPackages in Parallel into 1 InfoCube
Build IC Indices
AND Collector
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Application Processes
Application processes represent BW activities that are typicallyperformed as part of BW operations. Examples include:
Data loadAttribute/Hierarchy Change runAggregate rollupReporting Agent Settings
Other special types of application processes exist:
Starter – process that exists to initiate process chain executionABAP programAnother process chainCustomer built process
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Application Process Types
Operating system commandAccess to OS commands like ‘dir’ (list contents of application server file system)Note: There is only an call “out” to OS, only Standard-Out is given back to BW
Remote process chainsSupports process chains in a data mart environment
Master data reorganizationReporting Agent Settings
Exception reportingPrint queries in backgroundPre-calculating web templatesPre-calculating characteristic variables of type pre-calculated value sets
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Reporting Agent Process Parameterization
Process Variant requires Reporting Agent Package as only parameter
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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User Interface: Building a Process Chain
Drag and drop
Draw line to connect
processes
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Building a Process Chain: Example
Example: Start chain, load master data, upon success, perform change run
Line shows as green because the event to trigger the subsequent process is raised at successful
ending of the process.
Line shows as black because the process can only run and end (no
difference between unsuccessful and successful ending).
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Three Different Views in the Transaction
Planning view: Build and change process chainsGrey: unplanned processesGreen: planned processesYellow: planned but unknown processesRed: multiple planned processes
Check view: Check for errors in designGreen: Error-free processesYellow: Process with warningsRed: Process with errors
Log view: Monitoring of process chainsGrey: Not yet runGreen: Finished without errorYellow: runningRed: broken or failed
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Different object trees when building process chains 1
For easy administration on process chains different object trees can be displayed.
Process Chains Available process chains (display components)
Process Types Available process types
Creation and assignment of display components via menu or via button
Process types can be created via Settings – Process Types
Further information included in section „Implementing a process“
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Different object trees when building process chains 2
For easy administration on process chains different object trees can be displayed. Log
Display the log tree
InfoAreas Search in InfoProvider tree
InfoSources Search in InfoSources tree for InfoPackages
Possible processes on data target are displayed
In InfoPackage reference to process chain is displayed
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Process Chains: Failed processes can send email!
Planning view context menu
Write a message and fill in recipient
and type. Info saved within
process variant.
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Monitoring Features of the Log View
Log View: Double Click on Process to Launch Job Log Viewer
The log view is the tool for monitoringthe process chain execution
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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Openness: Implementing a Process
If you......Have a simple, stand alone program to run in a chain...Have a program, which is planned in batch by another program or user
...then you can use the process type “ABAP” to run your program in a chain.
However if you......Want to ask predecessor processes of your program...Write a log , which should be displayed in the process monitor...Have implemented an own monitor...Have a customizing screen, which is more difficult than the “parameters“ of a program
...then it is recommended to custom develop own process type
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Implementing a Custom Designed Process
Interfaces: IF_RSPC_*EXECUTE – Execution of the processGET_INFO – Give Information to successorsGET_LOG – Give back messagesMAINTAIN – Maintenance of variantsGET_VARIANT – F4 for variantsGET_DEFAULT_CHAIN – Give default-chain for a processCHECK – Check consistenyGET_STATUS – Give status of instanceCALL_MONITOR – own monitoring toolTRANSPORT – give back TLOGO-entryCONTEXT_MENU – Enhance context-menu
Make entry in view RSPROCESSTYPES
The interfaces are documented in the system
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Implementing a Custom Designed Process
XXTRANSPORT
XXCONTEXT_MENU
XXCALL_MONITORXXXGET_STATUSXXCHECKXXGET_DEFAULT_CHAIN
XXGET_VARIANTXXMAINTAIN
XXXGET_LOGXXXGET_INFO
XXEXECUTE
optionalalterna-tively
manda-tory
Log View
RuntimeMain-tainance
Interfaces:Implementing is...Method called at...
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Generic Services
There are several services for RSPC whichshall help you implementing a processtype:
Generic variant storage class: CL_RSPC_VARIANTGeneric dynpro service for variantmaintainance: Function moduleRSPC_VARIANT_MAINTAINGeneric instance storage class: CL_RSPC_INSTANCEWrapper class for application log forunambigous assignment of logs to instance CL_RSPC_APPL_LOGService function group: RSPC_SERVICES
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Variant Storage Class
CL_RSPC_VARIANTCan be used, if your static worklist (cf. object model) can be saved as table RSPC_T_RSCEDST, that is
FNAM, (SIGN), (OPTION), LOW, (HIGH)Does the transport connection for you
You object will be known to TP as ‚R3TR‘ ‚RSPV‘ ‚<TYPE><VARIANT>‘If you need...
After ImportRelated ObjectsAdditional Objects
...you can implement the interface IF_RSPV_TRANSPORTDoes object locking for youDoes deletion of variants for youProvides an F4-help which is able to select...
with wildcardsby variant contents
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Variant Maintainance Dynpro
Function module RSPC_VARIANT_MAINTAINRequires usage of CL_RSPC_VARIANTProvides a dynpro, which does...
Variant (re)-namingVariant documentation linkTransport linkLast changed byNavigation through variantsCreation of new variantsDeletion of variants
You provide a subscreen and a form-routine, which checks forchanges on the subscreenOk-Codes, which you must react on in PAI of your subscreen:
SAVE: Save the variantEXIT, BACK and CREA: Check if something has changed, and eventually save the variant
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Generic Variant Maintainance Services
VariantService
YourSubscreen
DynproService
Your Abapclass
PAIRSPC_VARIANT_GET
Save
Free
RSPC_VARIANT_MAINTAIN
Create (Factory)
Get_info
PBO
Create (Factory)
IF_RSPC_MAINTAIN
This slide explains how RSPC_VARIANT_MAINTAIN and CL_RSPC_VARIANT work together and how to use them
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Instance Storage Class / Application Log Class
CL_RSPC_INSTANCEFormat RS_T_RSCEDSTSaveGet_InfoF4, selecting by one field of instance content
CL_RSPC_APPL_LOGSaves mapping log handle vs. instanceObject = ‚BW_PROCESS‘, Subobject = <Type> Entry in slg0 requiredGenerates external numberProvides a display and retrieval method for the instance log
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Agenda
Building and Monitoring Process Chains
Process Chain Architecture
Selected Process Types
Behind the Scenes
Process Structure
Building your own Process Type
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Process Chains: Facts
Process chains are transportableButton for writing to a change request when maintaining a process chain in RSPCProcess chains available in the transport connection wizard (administrator workbench)
If a process “dumps”, it is treated in the same manner as a failed process
Graphical display of Process Chain Maintenance requires the 620 SAPGUI and SAP BW 3.0B Front-end GUI
Recent front-end patches for both types!
A special control background job runs to facilitate the execution of the of the other batch jobs of the process chain
Note your BTC process distribution, and make sure that an extra BTC process is available so the supporting control job can run immediately
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Collector Processes and the Detail View
Start
Data Load A
Data Load X
Drop IC Indices
Email System Admin
Failure? Success?
Data Load B
Data Load C
Failure?
Email System Admin
Failure?
Email System Admin
Load 3 InfoPackages in Parallel into 1 InfoCube
Build IC Indices
AND Collector
Remember the AND collector process?
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Detail View and the AND Collector Process
RSPC > View > Detail View
Technical names
Ability to move boxes to re-design the process chain
“Hidden” collector processes are displayed
Note: In detail view, a collector process is displayed as multiple collector processes (needed for conditions)
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Process Chains and Data Target administration
You can call the administration of the current data target by using the context menu for the following processes:
Construct IndexesDelete IndexesConstruct database statisticsRoll-Up filled aggregatesCompress InfoCubeActivate ODS object data
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Automatic insertion of corresponding process types
If a process is inserted to the process chain that is linked by default to other processes, the corresponding process variants are inserted into the process chain automatically:
Example: drag and drop a data load process to your process chainand the Index drop and the Index create processes are automatically inserted
Turn this feature off: (user specific) menu Settings Default Chains
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Process Chains: Interaction with Batch Framework
When a chain gets activatedit will be copied into active versionthe processes will be planned in batch• as program RSPROCESS with type and variant given as
parameters• with job name BI_PROCESS_<TYPE>• waiting for event, except the trigger• The trigger is planned as specified in its variant, if “start
via meta-chain” it is not planned to batch
The jobs are identified by the frameworkas long as they did not yet run• via their job name and• via the event, on which they wait and• via the program variant, which is stored in the step list of
the jobat runtime via GET_JOB_RUNTIME_INFO. The job count is stored in the log. for the log-display via job name and job count
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Process Chains: CCMS integration
Monitoring via SAP Computing Center Management System (CCMS): Menu path: Tools CCMS Control / Monitoring Alert Monitor SAP BW Monitors BW Monitor
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Migration to Process Chains (I)
Process Chains are a SAP BW 3.x feature
Existing Event-Chains, InfoPackages and InfoPackage Groups continue to work, even after migration You do not have to migrate
New 3.0 projects should be modeled with process chains, as there will be no more support for problems with the “automatism-flags” like “automatic rollup”, “automatic ODS-activation”…
If an InfoPackage is started in the old fashion, these flags will work as in SAP BW 2.x
If an InfoPackage is started via a process chain, the flags are ignored, thus the respective task must be added to the process chain
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Migration to Process Chains (II)
InfoPackage GroupsFrom within the InfoPackage Group maintenance the button “Process Chain” generates a process chain alike the group.This migration can be executed manually with the function moduleRSPC_MIGRATE_INFOPACKAGE_GROUP
Event ChainsThe Event Collector (formerly also called Event Chain) is now the AND-Process of the process chainMigrating a manually created chain of events into a process chain is difficult and fuzzyThere exists a report RSPC_MIGRATE_EVENT_CHAIN which browses the system for reports planned waiting for an event and reports raising an event, however the generated process chain may differ from the existing event chain
Each generated chain must verified and adapted manually!
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Summary
Now you are able to:
Understand Process Chains as an intuitive and easy way to administer your SAP BW
Explain which process types are delivered by SAP
Implement your own process types
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SAP TechEd ‘03 Basel
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Further Information
Public Web:www.sap.com/biSAP Customer Services Network: www.sap.com/services/
Related SAP Education Training Opportunitieshttp://www.sap.com/education/BW 310 – BW Data WarehousingBW 340 – BW Data Staging
Consulting ContactRoy Wood, VP SAP NetWeaver Consulting Practice ([email protected])
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Q&A
Questions?
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Feedback
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The SAP TechEd ’03 Basel Team
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