Using Student Development Theory in Your Everyday Work Dawn Ohanessian, Seton Hall University
Transcript
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Using Student Development Theory in Your Everyday Work Dawn
Ohanessian, Seton Hall University
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Learning Outcomes As a result of attending this presentation,
attendees will Have a greater understanding of Student Development
Theories applicable to our work in Residence Life. Be better able
to intentionally apply these theories in their everyday work.
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STUDENT DEVLOPMENT THEORY JEOPARDY! PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORIES MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES RACIAL
& SEXUAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES MISCELLANEOUS THEORIES
FINAL JEOPARDY! $100$100$100$100$100 $200$200 $300 $400 $500 $300
$500 $400 $500$500 $400$400 $300 $200 $300 $200 $400 $200 $300
$500
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$100 PSYCHOSOCIAL ANSWER THIS IS CHICKERINGS SECOND VECTOR,
WHICH A STUDENT WITH AN ANGER ISSUE MAY BE STRUGGLING WITH.
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$100 PSYCHOSOCIAL QUESTION WHAT IS MANAGING EMOTIONS? WHAT IS
MANAGING EMOTIONS?
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$200 PSYCHOSOCIAL ANSWER THIS VECTOR, WHICH MOVED FROM THE 4 TH
VECTOR TO THE 5 TH WHEN CHICKERING & REISSER UPDATED THE
THEORY, INCLUDES BECOMING COMFORTABLE WITH ONESELF AND DEVELOPING
SELF-ESTEEM.
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$200 PSYCHOSOCIAL QUESTION WHAT IS ESTABLISHING IDENTITY? WHAT
IS ESTABLISHING IDENTITY?
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$300 PSYCHOSOCIAL ANSWER THIS IS CHICKERINGS 6 TH VECTOR, WHICH
INCLUDES MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT CAREER AND FAMILY.
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$300 PSYCHOSOCIAL QUESTION WHAT IS DEVELOPING PURPOSE? WHAT IS
DEVELOPING PURPOSE?
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$400 PSYCHOSOCIAL ANSWER ALL OF CHICKERINGS VECTORS ARE BASED
ON ERIKSONS 5 TH STAGE, WHICH IS CALLED THIS.
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$400 PSYCHOSOCIAL QUESTION WHAT IS IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION?
WHAT IS IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION?
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$500 PSYCHOSOCIAL ANSWER HER THEORY OF WOMENS IDENTITY
DEVELOPMENT INCLUDES FOUR IDENTITY GROUPS, INCLUDING FORECLOSURE
AND DIFFUSION.
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$500 PSYCHOSOCIAL QUESTION WHO IS RUTHELLEN JOSSELSON? WHO IS
RUTHELLEN JOSSELSON?
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$100 COGNITIVE ANSWER THIS IS PERRYS FIRST LEVEL OF
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZED BY BELIEVING THAT ALL
QUESTIONS HAVE A RIGHT OR WRONG ANSWER.
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$100 COGNITIVE QUESTION WHAT IS DUALISM? WHAT IS DUALISM?
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$200 COGNITIVE ANSWER THIS IS PERRYS SECOND LEVEL OF
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT, WHICH IS SEEN IN STUDENTS WHO BELIEVE
THAT ALL OPINIONS ARE EQUALLY VALID.
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$200 COGNITIVE QUESTION WHAT IS MULTIPLICITY? WHAT IS
MULTIPLICITY?
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$300 COGNITIVE ANSWER ONE OF THE MOST NOTABLE DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN BAXTER MAGOLDA AND PERRYS THEORIES IS THE INCLUSION OF
PATTERNS WITHIN EACH STAGE BASED ON THIS.
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$300 COGNITIVE QUESTION WHAT IS GENDER? WHAT IS GENDER?
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$400 COGNITIVE ANSWER THIS IS BAXTER MAGOLDAS FINAL STAGE OF
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZED BY THE ABILITY TO ANALYZE AND
APPLY INFORMATION AND RESEARCH AND TO THINK FOR ONESELF.
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$400 COGNITIVE QUESTION WHAT IS CONTEXTUAL KNOWING? WHAT IS
CONTEXTUAL KNOWING?
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$500 COGNITIVE ANSWER ONE OF THE FOUR THEORISTS WHO DEVELOPED
THE WOMENS WAYS OF KNOWING COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THEORY.
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$500 COGNITIVE QUESTION WHO ARE BELENKY, CLINCHY, GOLDBERGER,
AND TARULE? WHO ARE BELENKY, CLINCHY, GOLDBERGER, AND TARULE?
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$100 MORAL DEVELOPMENT ANSWER THE FIRST LEVEL OF KOHLBERGS
THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT IS PRECONVENTIONAL, IN WHICH
INDIVIDUALS FOLLOW RULES TO AVOID THIS.
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$100 MORAL DEVELOPMENT QUESTION WHAT IS PUNISHMENT? WHAT IS
PUNISHMENT?
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$200 MORAL DEVELOPMENT ANSWER CAROL GILLIGAN, A STUDENT OF
KOHLBERGS, CHARACTERIZED HIS THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT AS HAVING
A JUSTICE VOICE. SHE DEVELOPED HER OWN THEORY, WHICH SHE DESCRIBED
AS HAVING THIS TYPE OF VOICE.
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$200 MORAL DEVELOPMENT QUESTION WHAT IS A CARE VOICE? WHAT IS A
CARE VOICE?
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$300 MORAL DEVELOPMENT ANSWER INDIVIDUALS IN KOHLBERGS 3 RD
STAGE ARE CONCERNED WITH LIVING UP TO OTHERS EXPECTATIONS, AND CAN
ALSO BE DESCRIBED BY THIS TWO WORD PHRASE.
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$300 MORAL DEVELOPMENT QUESTION WHAT IS THE GOLDEN RULE? WHAT
IS THE GOLDEN RULE?
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$400 MORAL DEVELOPMENT ANSWER GILLIGANS THEORY CONSISTS OF
THREE STAGES AND TWO TRANSITION PERIODS. DURING THE FIRST
TRANSITION PERIOD, INDIVIDUALS MOVE FROM SELFISHNESS TO THIS,
INDICATING A SHIFT TO CONSIDERING OTHERS NEEDS.
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$400 MORAL DEVELOPMENT QUESTION WHAT IS RESPONSIBILITY? WHAT IS
RESPONSIBILITY?
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$500 MORAL DEVELOPMENT ANSWER JAMES REST MODIFIED KOHLBERGS
THEORY TO CREATE A MODEL IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL MAY DEMONSTRATE
ASPECTS OF MULTIPLE STAGES AT ONE TIME, AS OPPOSED TO KOHLBERGS
THEORY, CALLED THIS, IN WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL MUST MASTER EACH STAGE
BEFORE MOVING ON TO THE NEXT.
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$500 MORAL DEVELOPMENT QUESTION WHAT IS A HARD STAGE MODEL?
WHAT IS A HARD STAGE MODEL?
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$100 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY ANSWER ONE OF THE FIRST TWO
STAGES OF PHINNEYS MODEL OF ETHNIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT, WHICH ARE
BASED ON JAMES MARCIAS IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL.
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$100 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY QUESTION WHAT ARE DIFFUSION-
FORECLOSURE AND MORATORIUM? WHAT ARE DIFFUSION- FORECLOSURE AND
MORATORIUM?
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$200 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY ANSWER IN THE FIRST STAGE OF
CASS MODEL OF HOMOSEXUAL IDENTITY FORMATION, CALLED IDENTITY
__________, INDIVIDUALS FIRST BECOME AWARE OF HOMOSEXUAL THOUGHTS
AND FEEINGS.
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$200 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY QUESTION WHAT IS IDENTITY
CONFUSION? WHAT IS IDENTITY CONFUSION?
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$300 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY ANSWER THIS IS THE FOURTH
STAGE OF CASS MODEL OF HOMOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT, DURING WHICH
INDIVIDUALS BEGIN TO SEE THE POSITIVE IN THEIR HOMOSEXUAL
IDENTITY.
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$300 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY QUESTION WHAT IS IDENTITY
ACCEPTANCE? WHAT IS IDENTITY ACCEPTANCE?
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DAILY DOUBLE
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$400 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY ANSWER THIS IS THE FINAL
STAGE IN PHINNEYS ETHNIC IDENTITY MODEL, IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS
DEVELOP A HEALTHY CULTURAL IDENTITY AND ARE OPEN TO OTHER
CULTURES.
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$400 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY QUESTION WHAT IS IDENTITY
ACHIEVEMENT? WHAT IS IDENTITY ACHIEVEMENT?
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$500 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY ANSWER HELMS IDENTITY
DEVELOPMENT MODEL EXAMINES THE WAY IN WHICH THIS GROUP OF STUDENTS
DEVELOPS THEIR RACIAL IDENTITY.
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$500 RACIAL & SEXUAL IDENTITY QUESTION WHO ARE WHITE
STUDENTS? WHO ARE WHITE STUDENTS?
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$100 MISCELLANEOUS ANSWER SANFORDS THEORY FOCUSES ON THE
BALANCE OF CHALLENGE AND THIS.
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$100 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTION WHAT IS SUPPORT? WHAT IS
SUPPORT?
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$200 MISCELLANEOUS ANSWER ASTINS THEORY OF INVOLVEMENT STATES
THAT A STUDENTS LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT ARE DEPENDANT UPON BOTH
THE QUANTITY AND _____________ OF THE STUDENTS INVOLVEMENT.
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$200 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTION WHAT IS QUALITY? WHAT IS
QUALITY?
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$300 MISCELLANEOUS ANSWER THE FIRST LEVEL OF MASLOWS HIERARCHY
FOCUSES ON THESE NEEDS, INCLUDING FOOD, WATER, AND SHELTER.
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$300 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTION WHAT ARE PHYSIOLOGICAL? WHAT ARE
PHYSIOLOGICAL?
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$400 MISCELLANEOUS ANSWER THE THIRD LEVEL OF MASLOWS HIERARCHY
FOCUSES ON THESE NEEDS, INCLUDING FRIENDSHIP AND INTIMACY.
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$400 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTION WHAT ARE BELONGING NEEDS? WHAT ARE
BELONGING NEEDS?
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$500 MISCELLANEOUS ANSWER ONE OF THE FOUR Ss IN SCHLOSSBERGS
TRANSITION THEORY.
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$500 MISCELLANEOUS QUESTION WHAT IS SITUATION, SELF, SUPPORT,
AND STRATEGIES? WHAT IS SITUATION, SELF, SUPPORT, AND
STRATEGIES?
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FINAL JEOPARDY CATEGORY CHICKERINGS THEORY OF IDENTITY
DEVELOPMENT
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FINAL JEOPARDY ANSWER CHICKERINGS FIRST VECTOR, DEVELOPING
COMPETENCE, INVOLVES THESE THREE PRONGS OF COMPETENCE IN WHICH A
STUDENT DEVELOPS.
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FINAL JEOPARDY QUESTION WHAT IS INTELLECTUAL, PHYSICAL, AND
INTERPERSONAL?
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THANK YOU FOR PLAYING!
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7 Theories in 7 Words or Less Maslow: Facilities & Dining
Security Residence Life Beyond Sanford :Overly Supportive No Growth
Overly Challenging Withdrawal Chickering: Competence Emotions
Interdependence Relationships Identity Purpose Integrity Perry
& Baxter Magolda: True/False Multiple Choice Essay Kohlberg
& Gilligan: All About Me You Everyone Racial & Ethnic
Identity Development (Phinney, Cross, & Helms): Color Blind
Inner Turmoil Celebration of Color Sexual Identity Development
(Cass): Confusion Tolerance Pride Synthesis
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Application of Theory Formal Models Grounded Formal Theory
Model 1. Focus on a problem, context, and population. 2. Select
useful and useable formal theories. 3. Assess the population based
on the theories chosen. 4. Formulate goals. 5. Design the
interventions or programs. 6. Evaluate the interventions or
programs. Developmental Intervention Model Target of intervention:
Individual students or the institution as a whole Type of
intervention: Intentional and proactive or responding/reacting to
an opportunity or issue Intervention approach: Explicit (direct) or
implicit (indirect)
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Application of Theory Informal Ask Yourself: What theories
apply in this situation? Where is this student in developmental
terms? How do these theories help me to better understand this
student? How can I help this student with their growth and
development?
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Application of Theory Specific Theories Maslow's Hierarchy of
Needs Perhaps the most applicable theory to Residence Life Helps to
prioritize our work and put things in perspective Helps to
understand students needs Sanford's Challenge and Support Most
applicable with supervision and working one on one with students
One of the easiest theories to incorporate into everyday work
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Application of Theory Specific Theories Chickering's Theory of
Identity Development A general theory for understanding why
students do what they do One of the best known, but perhaps least
utilized theories Racial and Sexual Identity Development Theories
Can help you to better understand students who are exploring or
struggling with these aspects of their identity
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Application of Theory Specific Theories Perrys Theory of
Intellectual Development & Baxter Magolda's Model of
Epistemological Reflection Helpful in understanding individual
students Also helpful in developing student staff training
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development & Gilligans Theory of
Womens Moral Development Particularly helpful with student conduct
Also helpful in ethical training for student staff Important to
remember the gender differences justice vs. care
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Lets Try It Out! Group 1 You have a student conduct meeting
with Adam to discuss an alleged alcohol violation. There is very
little evidence in this case, but you believe that Adam is
responsible. Adam comes across as very charming, and you strongly
believe that he is lying to you throughout the meeting. Group 2 You
supervise Bonnie, a first year RA who is struggling in the
position. Bonnie excels in her relationships with her residents and
building community, but struggles and is confused when following
duty and administrative protocol. Group 3 While on duty, you
respond to a call to help handle a situation with Carl, who is
violating Quiet Hours at 4am on a Tuesday morning with very loud
music. Carl refuses to listen to staff, and does not understand why
he should have to turn his music down. 1.What Student Development
Theories apply in this situation? 2.How can you utilize these
theories to address this situation?
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Lets Try It Out! Group 1 You advise Hall Council, and the group
is struggling to perform. The President, Evan, won the position due
to popularity, but doesnt put the work in to fulfill his duties. He
is also dismissive of any ideas that the other members have. Group
2 A student, Faith, comes to see you about a roommate conflict. She
is concerned because her roommate violates policy on a regular
basis. She doesnt feel comfortable talking to her roommate about
the issue and wants a room change. Group 3 You supervise Greg, who
believes that he isnt succeeding in his RA position because you
dont like him and favor other staff members. When you have a
concern about him performance, he always has an excuse for whatever
the issue is. 1.What Student Development Theories apply in this
situation? 2.How can you utilize these theories to address this
situation?
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Final Thoughts There will most likely be theories that you
identify more with and use on a more regular basis than others.
Everyone uses theory slightly differently; it is simply important
that you consciously make an effort to use theory in your everyday
work.