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Using the Past to Chart the Future: Evaluating Top Circulating Print Books by Subject and
Publisher to Inform Future E-Book Purchases
Anne C. Elguindi Deputy Director, VIVAMichael Matos Business and Economics Librarian, American University
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
What is the Virtual Library of Virginia (VIVA)?
• 73 academic libraries (39 public, 33 private, Library of Virginia), including doctorals, four years, two years, and specialized institutions.
• Central funding provided by the Commonwealth of Virginia, additional cost-sharing by members.
• Grounded in the coordinated collection development of online resources and an extensive resource sharing program.
V
www.vivalib.org
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Context for the Collection Analysis
• The Steering and Resources for User Committees had interest in buying e-books together based on a collection analysis.
• Of key interest was usage of print materials – which ones had patrons checked out consistently?
• The goal was to discover publishers and subject areas that would be beneficial across the consortium.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
E-Books in VIVA
• E-books are relatively new for VIVA:– Safari Tech Online, started in 2008.– Springer and Elsevier purchases, started in 2012,
informed by an RFI process.– Demand Driven Acquisitions program, started in
2013, vendor EBL selected through an RFP process.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Key Issue #1: Being Inclusive
• Needed a way for libraries of all sizes to participate.
• Could not manage all books from all libraries.• Wanted to avoid title-level matching and keep
the results generalizable.• The result: Defined “top circulating” as
enough titles to equal 10% of a school’s FTE.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Key Issue #2: Standardizing Publishers
• Needed a way to efficiently clean the data so that the publishers could be matched up and grouped across the records/titles.
• The publisher field would be a difficult route.• The result: The ISBN was used to create a
standardized publisher field.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
From the ISBN to the Publisher
• A portion of the ISBN is for the registrant element, which is used to assign a block of ISBNs to a particular publisher.
• 0-00 through 0-19 represent large publishers, because more numbers of the ISBN are left to distinguish individual books.
• This pattern continues through to 0-9500000 through 0-9999999, which represent much smaller publishers.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
From the ISBN to the Publisher
• Using a listing of almost 116,000 publishers, the ISBN was mapped to an individual publishers.
0195161467
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Report Criteria
• Circulating print books only.• Published in 1980 or more recently.• Last circulated 7/1/08 or more recently.• Copies of books are to be treated together.• Total circulations so that the total number of
records equals 10% of the institution’s FTE.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Data Sent to the Central Office
• OCLC #• ISBN• publication year• call number • publisher• total number of circulations • last date circulated
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Number of Books by Institution787
1,918
805
3,545
1,965
468
2,875
College of William & Mary
James Madison University
J. Sargeant Reynolds Community College
Northern Virginia Community College
Old Dominion University
University of Richmond
Virginia Tech
Total Books Included: 12,363
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Publishers by Number of Titles
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
1,233 Publishers Included in the Data Set
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Top 25 Overall Publishers by Number of Titles
Academic
Press
Yale Unive
rsity
Press
Rizzoli
Universi
ty of C
hicago Pre
ss
Longman
Aspen Publis
hers
Harvard
Unive
rsity
Press
West
Pub. Co.
AddisonW
esley
Houghton Miffl
in
St. M
artin's
Press
Doubleday
Wadsw
orth Pub. C
o.
Greenwood Pre
ss
Sage Public
ations
Macm
illan
Greenhave
n Press
Norton
Cambridge U
niversi
ty Pre
ss
Harper &
Row
Oxford
Unive
rsity
Press
McG
rawHill
Random House
Prentice
HallW
iley
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Publishers in the VIVA DDA Plan
Imprint of Elsevier; included in VIVA frontlist purchase
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Proportion of Total Titles by Publisher Groupings
Series10
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
All 1,233 Publishers
Top 100 Publishers
Top 25 Publishers
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Number of Titles by Initial Call Number Letter
A B C D
E F G H
J K L M
N P Q R
S T U V
ZN
T
H
P
Q
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Top 10 Publishers in H: Social Sciences
Cambridge U
niversi
ty Pre
ss
Macm
illan
Random House
Wile
y
Greenwood Pre
ss
Harper &
Row
McG
rawHill
Prentice
Hall
Oxford
Unive
rsity
Press
Greenhave
n Press
Sage Public
ations0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Top 10 Publishers in QA: Mathematics
Cambridge U
niversi
ty Pre
ss
Houghton Miffl
in
Macm
illan
Academic
Press
Longman
Sprin
gerVerla
g
Wadsw
orth Pub. C
o.
AddisonW
esley
McG
rawHill
Prentice
HallW
iley
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Publisher represented by VIVA current content purchase
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Issues
• Does not account for e-book use, so this may not be a relevant analysis to do in this way for long.
• Course reserves affects this significantly.• Publisher hierarchies are not reflected, making
for a very long tail on the data.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Where do we go from here?
• We could read the results as evidence that the aggregated subscription packages would be the best choice for us.
• We can also see some leading publishers emerge in particular subjects. This could guide our publisher approach in purchasing e-books and seeking Demand Driven Acquisitions partnerships.
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
I’m happy to provide the code and the publisher list – just send me an
email at [email protected].
The Virtual Library of VirginiaThe consortium of the nonprofit academic libraries within the Commonwealth of Virginia
Special thanks to:
Dave Fjeld, VIVA Technical Support
And the VIVA Collection Analysis Task Force:Stephen Clark, CWMGene Damon, VCCSDavid Gibbs, GMULeslie O'Brien, VT
Genya O’Gara, JMUCassandra Taylor-Anderson, UR
Robert Tench, ODU
USING THE PAST TO CHART THE FUTURE: LOOKING AT PRINT
APPROVALS TO INFORM EBOOK PURCHASING
Michael Matos American University Library 11/8/2013
The Story Until Now..
Beginning in 2010 American University Library started exploring purchasing ebook frontlists directly from publishers. 2011, 2013, 2014 Springer 2011,2012 Oxford University Press and
Palgrave Developed a draft eBook policy in 2010
DRM MARC Records (Discoverability) Usability of platform
Why are we doing this?
Digital-centric trends with our users Increased emphasis of online learning Space repurposing within the library Advantages buying eBooks directly from
publishers Often better DRM than aggregators (ebrary,
EBL, etc.) Own rather than lease Comprehensive coverage Price per title often lower
Looking at the print approvals data
Springer 16
University of California Press 138
Yale 163
Harvard U 145
WW Norton 53
Oxford UP 459
Wiley 97
Palgrave Macmillan 488
Cambridge University Press 556
Cambridge Scholars 101
Elsevier 16
2012 Approvals title countWe Identified the publishers with the highest title count coming in on approval.
Compared against our knowledge base on the vendorterms, conditions and any anecdotal information.
Compare pricing
Look at other data sources (ILL, PDA, consortium borrowing)
Piloted with Springer, Oxford, Palgrave…
*Springer 178 titles in 2010
Our Knowledge Base Criteria
American University’s eBook Guidelines
DRM free or very open rights Perpetual access Open URL Linking MARC Records Acceptance of the platform Vendor has not frustrated technical
services
Comparing against other data sources(What our ILL statistics told us)
Circulations statistics Look at publisher and subject area Ranked by use
ILL statistics Inconclusive and mildly disturbing
Looked at the DDA Analyze by Publisher and Area
Case Example: Springer
Full-text Requests
First purchased ebook frontlists for 2011
Packages in Sciences and Business/Economics
Reasons we started with Springer.Publishes in areas relevant to our users Good pricing modelGreat DRM
Case Example: Springer
Denials by Year and Package
Challenges faced with Springer ebooks.Early on difficulty with their MARC recordsIncreased ILL requests Usage statistics not easily comparable to print circulation data.
Challenges
Increased costs overall Uncertainty regarding publishers’
commitment to current model Consortium access challenges
Questions?