USSBS Report 66, The Strategic Air Operations of Very Heavy Bombardment in the War Against Japan...

8/7/2019 USSBS Report 66, The Strategic Air Operations of Very Heavy Bombardment in the War Against Japan (Twentieth Air

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THE UN !TED STATESSTRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

THE STRATEGIC AIR OPERATIONOF

VERY HEAVY BOMBARDMENTIN THEW AR AGAINST JAPAN

(TWENTIETH AIR FORCE)

FINA L REPOI?T

MILITARY ANALYSIS DI VISIONARMY AND ARMY AIR SECTION

Dates o f Survey: 10 Oc to ber 194 ;-29 N o vemb er 194 5D ate o f Publ ica tio n: 1 September 194 6

UN ITED STATESGOVE RNMENT PRI NTI NG O FF ICE

WASH ING TON : 1946

PH

/


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This n'pol'i \'"a:-i writi l ' l \ prif l l:,ri ly for ih c of the l l. S. St- rnl cgilHOllluillg :--;"n",') i ll tilt' prepal'ntion of further rep0 l't-sof a Ill0l'C (,C >I II preht"tlsin 'nat ure" Any (o nc11lsions fi r opinions expnsscd ill tltis I't-'port mllst 11(' c"on sidE' l'ed us iilliited t.o thp l " i H c IHatt'rial co ,"e rcd :Iud a:-isubjett. to flirt her iu te l' pJ'ptation in tilt' light of fllrth t- I' :-;Inti ies c"nllduettd by Ow ~ I I I ' \

1\ , ' .


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j;'OLiKWO.ItIJ Un itl'd a (t '!i SIral lg-ic llvnJiJi IIg SII IT !',)"

ps tabl i:..:hed by III(' :-il'crctal'Y o f " ' ;\1: Oil : j Xuber ] 044, pursuan t to a Dirccl ive fro m th ePrC'sid ent R OUS( '\ ' l, 1t . It !-. nJi:.:s ion Wli S to COIi al l impa rt ia l ;Inti expert study of tho dl 'cci s

111' aerial a tla ck o n Germ any , to be lI s e d il l COIl ll with :t i l' fl lta c l\ :-. on Japan a nd t v c:; lablish

:-; i:i fill ' c,-;tiuati l1 g' t i l{' r l : l l l alld pul ell i lit':": uf ail' pu n-l' I" ; l S :.t1l l ' U I l l of military'g-y . 1'01' pl :ll l l l i l lg th e fui ll l '\.' d t 'H ' ]u pII1L'll l Ht:nited :-;t fl tr s n l ' l l l l'c! and for d l ' t l ' l ' l l l i l l futul'c economic policies wilh respect to th eOllnl d c- fe lisP. .\ H l l l l l l la !'.'" rcport alld :-'Ollll'SlIpporti n:.r l'l 'pol'l :-; l l ~ thl' {jlld illg :; o [kl l r n ..y in Cil' t'lllal l.\' ha\ 'p 1'(' \'11

] rl . \J lg l lSt 10 1.1, 'It'lIl1la n rt.'qlllstedtiH' Surn y C()ll dlWt :I :-- ilililar t l l d y (I f th e cf of :t Il o r a ir at t:t ck in the " -: I I ' ngili ll:O:l, submitting reports in duplicate to lhe 'ec

l'Y of W a ,' und Lo the :O;eCl'e[a l'Y u l' Ihe Navy," niL-t or:, o f t i l l' :-i Ut' rl ',r (l ul' ing its .I :l I':l III :-i1'

.... t Wt' n ' :Fr:t ll id ill ]),Ol ipr. ( ' 11:l i n lln ll .I'aul ] I. 1\ itz l' . lh.l l t"y C. :\ I (-:\:


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AIRANALYSIS DIVISION, ARMY

SECTION, THE STRATEGIC AIROF VERY HEAVY BOMBARDMENTAGAINST JAPAN

AND ARMYOPERATIONIN THE WAR

TABLE OF CONTENTS..p

l iu l II:t. T he Hii lUI! jU112. M i:-(..; iutl __ _3. O I ' ~ : u d ) \ 1 1 1 iun alld CUlIlha.! Eqlliplllt 'I IL _4. Am'ornp li :'lhll1cllt5":1 . All riliulI:lt Cf):'I :-I" " ", r" I"r"," t l,e l'vi ll l of take-o ff (Ch" rt 9) .Tl tp o pt' )'at iolt of !ltl' T W(, llt.r- tir:4 13(1 111)1:'1' ComI ILHlld d i" id l'S i t "':I., l f in i o two disti nct plt Hties :(a) P hase 0 ,,", 24 NoyemLJer J9!-t-9 March

1!I+:"i , T lt i:, ph ase cO II I)Jl' i sed a period of t act icu lC'X PCI'i ll ll'l da t ion itltd ad j ustme nt rl urillg whi chti me I It(, eO tlllt la lld, ('o llllll i tt ed to l ite doctl'ine ofIti ;,!h l l d ~ tla ylight fo rmatiun precision bombiltg . soug it l III det el'lil inc the ope ra t ional ca pa bi li.I i" s vI" tim B- 2!! ""d lh e best Illelhod v( uli liz i"gI hesc capabi l it ies i l l light of kn owledge to be


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4RTUKY U5..N OV , , 4 4 " AUG

XXI BOMBER CO M MANDAREA OF OPERATIONS155251 TONS2705 9 SO RTIE S

I .. . . ,C ... , :.0

e ll \ 11'1' !)

g : l i or I Ill' \,111"IlY 'S nllm!';!1Iility :Inti d l ' f l ' t l ~ i n ' ta d ii 's.(b) P I];! :-t T wo.!) ,\ I al't ' ll 1\\.1 ;,- 1;, .\ II;!tl :" I!j-J.;Li l ' ~ p l l j l I ht ' l ' li'lIl't of j I l l.' ('0 11111 1:111(1 W;1 1')

11


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Opcrat-iollH of th e T\\ enty fi rst HOlldw r Co rn II III lid dUl'ing tlli:; fil ,:::t p h : l (24 N('I\ 'ellllif'1' ++ toU MitlTh -J-[ 11111 :'1 1 be rl'cug'lli:wd 11 :-; tllf' in itial PI' fOl 't of II Sililil I foret' I ( I lila i Itt a i 1\ sl ra I t'gi t' PI'C':;SIII'C: l : : r t l i l l t i l t' ElllpiJ'P, .\.. lthllll;,!1 \ llll ieh \lIll1al.lt , ex peJ'iencp ami dllta had l)l't'll g,tilled 1'1'0 111 t i l t 'Tw enti eth llOlllbl'l' ('O l l l l l l l l li d (IJ)eratiolt , 11111Ch I ' l ' .11111 i11('(1 to Iw 1('lI I'1H'd , AI :":lo,:-: 1I ppoJ'l i 1Ig' ~ t . . ' \ ' i n : - : Rll eh a s weatllt.'r 1 COIll11llllti l':tlioll. Hi r H'H 1'('::;(' 11 '.Inrge t and post t J ' i l 1'(,l'lIllllai:->s :JI Wt' WI'l't ' :Jl l l ' l I gag-cd i l l l l l l l i ('sta ld i:--lJi'd :Ind o l';.!allizt' d ill :In ~ w thea te l' lIncle r opl'rHI-i lig ('ollditillll:-; hll'l'illfol't'lint cncollnh'rctl. \Vhil e b(JlIlJ,illg t'fI't,tt iVt' lw!-'s.I'es ul t ing frol l l th e fil' :'O t 22 I1li1jor str il' :-> ('olllpl'i :-;illg Pha se 0111'. not lip to PX IH.'thttitlll :-. IIPn'rlhl,jes s . 1111' t l l l l p l t ~ l i of Pita sI' 0111' Id'l IHan yn d ll a ble t a t t i(':11 I(':->:--oll s It'a l'llf'd a 1I c1 tlH' (':-. tllil.Iis illllent (,:-:S{' III in II.'" (' t 1111 pl t'II'( I II I' tIll' lJ1J11 ('0J1 1i.JatItllxililll'y ( ' e ~ whil' iI iln ' \"ilal 10 I ll l' t Oll dllct of all ;lil' oj)PI';ltion of t lli:.: Il:lllll '(', Tit". JapaI lCS( ' , ill 1 ' ( ' ( ( ) ~ l l i l iOIl of I ht nll nl.'rabili ly ofhi s " itn l ind ll !-'l l ' i(>jO:. !tnd ol'til.'l'l,d til(' il' di :-: jWI':.:i o ll ,4 l l l f l l i o l l and la ck of ill tt'lligl"'llt plnl ll l ing- ff)1't!ti r-< di srwl'sio ll 1'(':-: lIlht! it! t r i : l 1 ('hao:; witha cOllcontitallt lo ::-s in ))I'odll { t i\ 'i ty," 'ith th e clo :,;c of Pha :;,' 011(' . t ilt! blind all ey:

WPI 'P Jis(' losC'd alld thl' Il li ljOl' " IJsI,tt' It, :-- \i ;ld bl.'ellI l l 1 c ( ) n ~ and l I r l l l 10 a \;tq!(' ('XII ' ll t, t i lit J'en l se ll Sl' , t it (' l'Olllllllllld had C'1I 1l'q.!ed froltl t ht ,difficul t IWl'iod (If t n l d i h l l l e l i L orgaltizatioll.alld j",t cti t :d de\'t.'lopl1ll'l l t and hy l'1Ir1y " a l 'lU4-:'i hnd g'athe l'cJ it :fOl'c('s -for tltt' 1;: lI tw k olltblows agl1insl Japan,(2) Phase Two - 9 March to ]5 AIIgIISt 19-15

\I ith 38,; 1I- 29s on hand in ca rly M"r,. h. largeincendiary d(' stnwtio ll o f Japan ese urbal1 -in

dl l :;tl'i al arCaS c(J\t1d lw i l l it intl 'd, Th e Juw 1\'\"1'1n i ~ h t incendiary C'blit ,z" inil i:tfrd on th e nightof 9- 10 ]\ ial'( 'h nitcl'4:d tlto ('nti)'(' ( 'ol l )':--l' of til"sll'ateg ic a il' wnr a ~ : t i n s t .) np;tn , Tltr l ' J ' ( ' l l ~ 9 Jllonths bad sel'lI t-lH' TI- :!H ('ollllllitted ill ( ' r a l t.o lill ' dvctl'illl' of \'c ry high Illtihlc1e ( o\ 't' r . O O O fc(,t) pr (->{' is ioll Ilolllbin g, j)PSi :,!I1Nl speci fic-:lll yfol' thi s Iypt-- of operation, it. l u ~ i : t 1 and man datol'Y that ti. f' doctrill C' b l ~ thoro l lghly trirdfo re it co uld hr moclifir(l. ]\fall 'y Jacto l's mi lita ted :1I!ain st t"ltc nchio\'t'1l1 c llt (If t"hi :-; ohj ecl iVl' ,alllong the fOI"l'1I10 :->t of \\' lti ('il \\"(' I'r in !i llrlllolillt niJ i('wen tlw r ol )sl :l c l e:o: , t J ' a i n i l l lpo:;ed Oi l eq ll ip llH' lI thy h igh altitlltlt tlJ)el'al iull , in :'i llfli (' it'llt [on ' l' , lo\\'& 7SaB 12

:,:uJ'l ie rah' . alld Ill\\' bun.!) load:-" . \.. dt'gl"t,C' ofC l ' e ~ : - had U('('II ;t (" itit '\'cd hy Iltc T wcll i irt h

HOlllbl'!' C ommand , bllt by Jal l uI-I I'Y !! ) .J-:i th e :ttl \'al lce of ti lt' l l l l l . ' ~ ~ :l l' lI l il '!,) ill Chin a alld dimc liit :I i I' lift of ail ' :':lI ppl it' :O:; O\ "l' l' iltt' ]) 11111)) fUl'cedt ' \ ' :II.'lHltiO Il HI' tht, ;\l"' :l 11('(,d : - : t ' ~ [I III I l"Oli fi lll'dUl i ::; (' fI\ l!,t tu :-.l lppol' l of lilt' ~ I I J l I " t ' l l l e .\ II iI'd ComIlIillH h'r , ;-)o I11it t' :J st ,\ :-; ia ,

JI1 j ust JO days , t ill ' I'n t i l'l' pit" tll ]"t' ('h anged,Fl y i l1g' in diyidll :t1ly. 1I(III1billg':1i nig ht 1' )'0 11 1 al t iIlIti t'S a \ ' ( ' ) , i l g i l l ~ 7,tlOO fl,t, 1. I i.{' B- 2!1s UI II ,IIt,ti aP:ltit of dl ' :-tl' l ll'i it ln througlt till' fllllr pl'incipal"i t"il' :-; of . ' apall: :\;L :;qll,ln' 11 lilt's of thl' IlItlst pntel11\\' 11 I' i Ild lI :; t ry cO Il c.:e J1l nd iuns \\"\' 1'(' dl'stl'o."f'd, 1nth t'Sl' 10 days. Ih e T \\'en ty-first HC)llIiJr)' ( 'OIl IIlIilIH!wit h an : t '"t'I':lg'I ' tli' : l s : - - i ~ n l ai !' "J'nft HI.'\\" 1,.'I!J:)SOI-ti l,:; ( 7;) jJt' I"t't'lil :IS lIla ny j det' I'I ':I :o. l'd iJullI" i ll;.! alt i l l ld l' 11I1'ltn l 1t ':i S opcratings t I'a i ll ,,"hi e !J addl,tl li p tt) IIIt JI'l' sort it,:;: )ll'1' airt" l'aft ; (' I'I'\\" IlIol'ak l'oSt' wi th each atia ('k: I \\'o. ' i l l l ;' IItJ\\' pruritled :I J't ' fll/!l' for th c IJ1I I t ic dam:l gt,d :llId thO :-.l' lo w Oil J'IIt ' !. l I l J t a l l inlly reducingHPt'I ':l l io l l a l l o :--:-.t, :--" Of l'qu:t l illJ por talll't', Ja pnn's1Jrillill illd ll :-:t J' inl ," UI H"t' li t J'at iOll s !Jiltl Il t' t 'lI pI '/)\"cdll ig- Illy \"1 111 1(' 1';1" 11.' to 1'Ild iun I),)' incC'lIdiu I'Y:t t i :wk"

fl t ' r ;1 n l I'pf ll I a l 1 a I Y : ' i i ~ of t ltp iJOl ll hill;.! 1'(.':.:u1l5,1H" t' )I


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:;;. th e plnn of t-Iw stl'al-c'ic ail' nlt a ck:o: t ,-bP ;11l nnw in(' llldl'd till' dt ':.: tl'lld ion ofp.r lIrball illdll:-;t l"ial f1rf':t :-i Ii )' illt't'ndiary

:-i CO IiCOIllilallt with th e pinprlint dcstl'uc:Lionkl'Y Wflt" wC'; lpo!l s- prOtILl cillg' indllstl' ies II}

exp losi n ' altne\.:,IIIO :-;t l:un l: IIITPn tly wilh th e night ince lldiarys Ctlme th e deci !-; iun to Iallll c11 the tl ay light nt a g n i l l I' rC'c i:-: io li l'i1rget :-i :lt medium ton high, ( 1:1.000 1020 ,000 fcet ) . Tho a,hanlng" , ~ ( ' aHackRon'l l" Ille OI' ig-i na I n'I 'Y high it Itit ncit's we re at once apparent. GI'C:l tCI' bornl,

could be cftl'l'i Ct1. bonlbing ll t.'tu I'Hcyil l l d . : I IIl'lh'l" t hull ee fu!' \' is l1al bombing exi sted .t' l' rilnge wa s fwai lnblC', Jes:; ad vC' l':;e effect' ofs l ind ,,-eatlie r \\"fl S feH , ilnd a ll OVC' I'-a11 0P01':1 -

fl cxihility :It'hit'n:-!! . Dlll'in,!! periods whe lle l' fnl' t'c:lst o f .JapHI I ilHlic;lted iI I'('H f; IH I chillice o f IJO ll1llillg ('ondiliolls, a ttn ckssclwdllled against key indust l' ia l objecLi, 'e:;hi;!h exp losi\' e bOlllhs :Ind , wh en yi sunl

colldition:; weI'(.' not indicahd by fOl'ecaste l' till' ul'ban industl'ial al'eas \H: I'C' a ttacked

ince ndial'Y bOll1bs, eltlp loyi ltg" rada!' hombin,!!od :-; . T11u s 11.1)0 para ll el sys tems o f ta rget sdC\'l.'Joped: the key illdl lsll'ial object i, 'cs 5: uclll'cl'lift pIU ll t :-:, HI' t; l'na i :-i , IlJa l's lta ll in g oill latiulls, dc" as une system, and th e ul'ballstl'ial cO llccntTlIti ulI S as lite (lthl'l', 'ril e war

to as:; III1lC ie l'lll" aspN' {- f.: , Gene l'n lay lJl.' li e \'{,d thaL :111 out ni r ;lit:l l'k cO ld.! fOl'ceto Jo' l iITl!lld l' I' pri or to tIll' planlled in\'asiollat th e caltlilaled I'i .':i k of exhausting nll t\\';l il Cl'e ws: he COllllllittt'd th e COlllllliind ,weo nl

(C hari; 10) .UT ILIZAT ION OF 8 -2 9 AIRCRAFT a CR EWS

'L Y'", T" ' ( '( 1 H $ 1G UO /e "'0 ~ . ( ... , __-,""''-''"co'''-''cc''",,,..,,,'-,-'''-''-''''''''-' -,-""',,"-,-",,,",,'-,-'___--,..,'"'"......"

13

J n fl cco l'dfl tH'e with thi s plan , (,\'C I') ' effort wa smnde Lo exped ite tlte sh ipnlC-'lI (; o t: laJ'ge quan t it iesof ill(,Ptlli ial'Y IIlunitiull S JI'OIl1 t he U nitcd Stutes t otil t' ~ l a t ' i a l l l l b l l : - - e A lso, inte llsi, 'c t.al'get rCCO IlIll! i s:-::I1 j( ' t' o f It 1'1>


19/43

I t H l n : 1 ~ I ' 10 111I' :-;t. :11 '(';1:-; i n a l'Ul lt(, lI trated pirind Id'Li 11I l' ,I 'IIIISt. '1' \\"0 of ! l i l' .\i ari; lI l:1 :-i ~ ! ' e: III1Jlll ig n i:-it lral,H:h'ril.\d by s ix pl'ill(' ipal type:; o f IJ Ia' r:lIi ollst'(I/Hltu' l t,d d U l ' li re pe r iut1:; illdi l.: :d ed:

( I ) r' ll\'" d i:rry nl t:lI'k:; 0 11 p r ilic ipalllrl J;J1Ii l l d l l l ' i i l a l'(', b- !) .\i aJ'ch t o 1:I.Jllne(:! ) i ll('t'lltJi: JI 'Y nti a t.'ks ( II I l l i l , 1 ' urb:1I 1indusl r i al ,, 1'(':1 :--1 7 JlIlll' 10 11 . \ IIg-II :-f ]!) I; I .(;q Jl igll ,'x l ' lo:-,in' :t itack !i lIl l in d us! r i:dpr ior ity pIJj('d i\,t... fl"lllll IIll'ilill lll Hll itlldl'S .\ pl' i1 to 1' _,\ lIgI1 sl

( I ) 'i ':Il' l' i(, 1l1 opt'ratiolls i l l SlIpport 1)1' I lr l'OkiIlH W:I i l l \';I!..; i I l I l - li .\ pril in ] l : r y 1D1f),( ;1) .\ I i ll il l ,!! ()pl'l'a l iulI ... l\ l. ilJ'(1l ti l 1+. \ 1 I ~ 1 I I , ~ I , ; ) Ti ,e 'I'll",, lI ""dl'eli a"d F ift ee ,,11I

0Pt' I':!! i O I l .f utH' tu 1+ l I ~ I I l!q ;l.( i ) '1'111 ' :lI u/ ll it ' hot ll!> IJI'",ralil l l l- (i lh t l)

!Ji li A ugll :- I IHj.;.Fro ll l Ih(' :!I )O\ '' ' ' it wil l i it' Iloiptl Ihal t li l' ' :ll'i

0 11 :- t .' Pt' :-' (11' n p ('/'; II iOIl :-. "\'(' rl ;'I>{'n t' li 01 11l' 1'. IJilt i l lun lp l' to i:-..o lal P ;Jtlt! f'x pln in th e ta d ieal pri lwip lt ':-:I'l'(, lIl i: 11' II I t'n el!. fli p":!, "11{'ration :: wi l l l)C' d i ~ I ' t ' d illd i\idtlnll." .

(a) h l-cendiary (lttack on priucipal urban indus-trial are{ls.- T ll tl sl' l'utl d nntl I1l1al phase (If Ill eB- :2DuulId ; iJ II .' ;qJ:ltllll'glln ( I I I U .\ l a1'(:11 ]! ). j.,i , wi l liU IIf'W t: re l ic w !t i t'll :-:t' llt :nl- 13 - :2Ds ,Ig-a inst 'J'uli:,ru.:-; t I'i ki Ilg' Ht II iglit f l 'II 1l 11111 a \'('J'ilge all i ! util' of 7.000ree l , alld d l , l in ' J' i ll,:! l,fifi;, I ons uf i ll


20/43

f1dditioll tn n ~ d l l l ' i l l g ' th e I\('Y arl'il S of fiw'' ipn I l'it tl,l' i\1a 1'l' 1I :-if' r ies I lf nHa cks strucknetl'ating blo,," nt J i l pallC'S(' Illorale, Thl' wal'beC'n dr in ' ll hOl1lc to Ihe p{'op lt', . \. f!'r(': der of slIlall SIII .K:O lltrado r:'i ,,"pre comp ldp ly

il l add i l ioll to th e imlu :;;tl'i ;1l ('ap;l (' i iy o fIilq:rc war i n d l l JTulldrt,ds of th ol l s of pl'ople W t'I'I' (' iI :-il l l1ltif':-- o r W('I"C Ili :.:pl;J(:pdthcir h o n l l ' jlnd \\"o l'k, SL' l" io lls IWflll ll'lnS inlley l l f ! . mr die:l l r a l'(', and food di son " 'Pl 'e (' I'l'n tt 'd fol' the I)n .' l"l; lX('d ellPJrlY

, l l Id Illuni('ipa l ag-t'l lt"il':-i , The pro,v o f. I1WII'y i l l d l l t l ' i c ~ , lIntom:hcd Il,v 1111 '::;, \\":I:-i appn'c i:ilJ ly I'l'duct.'d IU'( ':lIISl' of la hor

l " ( , I 1 t . di !-l l ' l Iplioll l l l ld t l " l I v t i f l n of 11":111 :':tatiun ;llld otlit'1' ( " ( ' i l i t i l ' ~ , .la p:nlwa s fa ced with iI \\"l'npflll whit' l i \\"a s t";lpabl('id ly i I l I C ~ I ' d i l l he r OH' I" :1l1 horne eC OI1 -:lilt! ilgaill:--t which hllC' nJIIld olrer 110 (' [ ed in 'o f def n :-:(',

) ll1ceudiarJIattacks au snMller u,ban industrial- DlIring- IIH" per iod 1'rulll n f 1 l " In )t,e ] 0-15. whi l' th e pr illl:I)".'" (' f1'ort o f Ilip (" o rn

\\tl :-; heinl! d in '(' ll 'd l o\\"a rd th e de:-;t l" llct ion:, fi n ' prill{"i pflI urbnn ill(lllsn ial ('U Il (' l ' l l s. il lId to\\"ill'll :'lIpport- ill ;,! 11111" l l i l \'a l ;l1 ld

und fCII Tl':i opl'l"al illg : I ~ i l i l l OJ.:i n:l\\"; I. fill px sin ' ;1l'I ' ia i ( > ( ' ( ) l l l l n i : - : ~ n progralH wa s COli led 1'01' tIlt, plll'pOSP o r b j i l i n i l l ~ phofogmph :-;l ill q )(lI' j :1I11 I lr i lall :11"(':1 :0; i l l '-1:1 p: l 11 , n:l scd 011:O:t' phnto :-i. al ld Oil i l l i l ' l I i gPII("l'

~ a i l l t ' d fl"OlIl (II II t' l"

l"l' :':, ("Hili inn illg 1II1:1ly :-:(' :-: \\'I?n' cOllducted tol ll;dl' thl'!'l' taq!l't s lin lilt' i,a :-i:-: IIf th e 1'1) 111) \\'-

The COIlg'I' :-, j i l l l l -i ll fl i l l l l l l l i l lJi l it y fa ct 0 1',T h' H ' i d ( , l H " l ~ of \\":1 1" j l l d l l t r y , TII (' ilH: idt'llt'l' or IH 'y lalld ;111 .1 w:dt'1" i l ':l II :--p01'1:1I i011 fl1 (" ilii ie!',

The Fizf' : l l ld poplilat ion,Tlw adapiabi li ty of the taq!et 10 I'lldill"

hombing\' jew of ihc l imit ed i l l t e i ~ ( ' n il\'ail it\,h'.get nnn ly sis I"cqu i l"C'cl lll li: II '.'" altad. ,it :lIIPI 'I II"I 'd IIl't'l":tt il l\laJiy fl'i1 :-i ih ll ' 111 c l t ' ~ t l " l I y t' ff l 'di, '"I,\' . J:l P: I I I 'h 1"t'lliaillill,t! lIr1li1ll il ldll:--tri:d a!,\'i1:-."I' it ll \ lIlI't nlH't' il l 11'SS l i lilll t ltl'I'" 1l1HIl1h s cd' :-. 11 :-:ln i llPd II1:l Xl l l l l t l l l 1' 11'01"1 opt ' 1": l I i l l l l :-, " 'o l"k ingI1lIdl'l ' 11 1l' plnllllf :-it I"il, ill ,!! kf'y ill till :-::: ll"ic:o; I,.'" \' i:-;II:t1daylig'lti { t ' i ~ i u n 1l1C'tltlld :-: \\"11t'1I \\"t 'athl'r 1'1 ' 1'IlIi lt l 'll. IIl1d :-.tr ikillg' IIrl, :tl l i l lt ltHl' ial ;11"t';' :-: II.\"rltcllll" i lh't'llIlial".'" II IPthocl :-; al 01111'1' l illll':--. i t \\" :1 :-,plalll l t 'd thai 1'1' \1 111 i l ) til K:I Pt'ITt'11i I) f I Itt' O\" ' I' :t l ll'II I111II11lld .. fl'lIri \\"e llld 11(, din'I 'h ,d to\\"a l"d tilt' in "1'1111 ill 1'.'" rac 1;11" p l"fI;.!TIIIII , '1' ], i:-: \\ " ;1 :-- "lJlI:--illt' l"t.:'t Il I n h - I I I t c ' h i l ' n ~ Iht, III 'j c't ' l in ' ,

I-'I'Hll l I l I i t l .JIIIII" IIlIti l ~ I I : - - t . f ld lo \\"ill;,!c'oll l plt'l io ll of tilt ' i ll l"I' lldial'Y p l " O ~ r a l l l : t ~ a"1"01\,\'0, ~ a g H . ' " a , O:o-aJ.:a. 1\0111 ' . a m i )"oko11 a ll1;1. IIIfllalnr l"I.n1+ :0: 111"1 it's \Yl'I"P :-"t' llt: 1 ~ : 1 i I l

il pr iol' ity).!TO l lp of 1"111' 111'11; 111 iUlhl sl r ia l ,I1'P:!:-' wilit"h 1"1'.11 1:1 i111'eI il l .J it p:t II, T ht' :': l' B,O11, :0:111"1 il':-- Ii I"t t, eI :;-1.1 KIIII I IS n f i 1]("('1111 i:11".'" IJlIll ti,:-; a lid :-"lll'\ 'C'\'l I\,d i 11 cll':--t I'll.'" i l lg i i i q l l : l l " f ' l l l i l l ' :O, : ICTll l l l l t i l lg ' fi l l ' Illl ' :--ltI,:--I : t l l t ia ld( ,:- IJ"Ut l io l1 l1 f :I:! c' i l it ':-- Hlld 1111 ' p:1 I,t i :11 tl l ':'Hl"lwl i llllof (i :lCldit iOII :tI I' it it':-:, ,\ It ;1t'I\ :-; \n'n' ("(l lldllt 'it'cI.!!I' lI l ' l ' l tll.'" al ~ . d l I,y imli\' idll:tl :tinTa!"1 \lIllllhill;!al alli ln d\' :.: rall ,!!it1g" frolll :-:.\)00 to 1+,000 fN't.H iH I:1 r h1l11lhi II;! l i l t ' ! hod :-: \ \ " t . (' Ill pin,n'd, 1':1 \\"a l :l


21/43

Pl'cl-c l lt cd fill I:!Xl'l'pliOIi til t J l l ~ g l ' lI (' l ' i t i a(taf,k p l'O('l'd11 I'C, l ' l : ~ l ' ! l it :-; pllY i-i it :t 1 lay-old , YU" ' ,ltaped 0 11 sl{i n ;! l i i s ( ) l l I b fall .By l'C'tiIH ,jllg ti l e bomhing- ;il l i ll lt h ,:-; fl'OltJ h i ~ h 10 m edilllJ1 le\"lI:-;. th c 1111]1111 I t ) i \ d t lll'J'il'd Pt ' l' B- i! J\\"('I'C appl'ox illl:lt t ly doubhd alld hOI1JiJillp' lIl '(' \I -1':1 (,,}' t - ' l f l'o m a ll I n ' r ; J ~ p Il f I i 10 p{'] 'n'ntof uO ll lh:; :-tl"il.:ill;.! \\' it lt i l l l .nOIl ft 'I'1 (1 f tilt , ;ti l l l i ll;!poi l it, TillIS lit e o\'t'J'-a ll t' JrIC l i \tl lt:-.,... \\, :1 :-; tn'me nd(llls ly T ~ a : - - C ( 1 . TIIi .... cOlltlit iul1 ndtl('(.'df orce r t - ' ( i n ' l l I tiH' reIJ,Y Ptl ' lIl it t illg' a ~ l ' f ' a t ( '1111 11(1 )('1' of ( J b j l . ' d i \ ' t ~ : - i j t) Ut: 1'11 (' ].;: 0 11 f i l l ' $ 11111' day,.\ I:-io t'nll i l ' iul lt i l l ;! i o il lc l'ca:,t't] hUlllhill,!! HI ,(,UJ';J (''y\ \ ' l ' I ' ( ' : I(,lld (: I'P\r t rail l ing condlwh'd ill til l' t i l l ' :l t e l'and i l l('I ' l':Jsi ng ('X IWI'i t'l1cr o f comb,,! CI'I' \\ ' I W I':'(1 I I ncl j d et ' J"('il s (' ill l' lIerny fightel' Opp 0!'i i l in ll jfl'i l'ndl y ligld"CI' ( ) r t i l lljlI'U\'t'" tal'g"d iJl' il'f-il1gIlJah'ri ;d : alld l,tlu'l' d u l ' of' 1t' ::;:'l' 1' i li l Pfll't'llI l'I' ,

16

Dltri l lg Pha :-.c Tw u: app l'oxi mately:2-2 pe l'cl' nt uflht' COllll1IaI1LPS cOl lILa L effol't wa s dc \ot. l'd to highl'xplu::ii, 'c uomuillg uf pr io rity inulI !':It l'ial tal'get:-)gl' I l l ' l ' l l l l y uy day li g-h t. f Orlli il t-iUIi p l'cc is iu n IIlct ltod s, T lte prilltipal e lrod. UI' app l'oxilllatcly 70pl' l'Ct'nt. was d.roh'" to jlocl'lIdia l'Y bornbing of III',I.an il1du str ia l .t I'CH S, :!C'lIe rnlly by ni ght J'adal'III l' tiHJd:-:, '1'1 1(' I'l'llI ail ld pl ' of th c effort \\"u s ab ,

by sl r il.:t' ::i :t;.ra im;t .L\yw;h ll i l i d i l !lining,:Ind ull lC' 1' opPl'aiiolls i ll l pOrtant to n dcp- I'


22/43

Vtll'illg" .Jul y, w(' ath e r (;ollditiol lS oVer .J ap:lll'l' llIittl'd j he :-.dtl'duliug" o[ o l l ly UIll'l' lI1 :1 t iOIl IIJi:-;fo;illlt. T hi s 1'I >l'1':1i iOII, ill\ 'u l r i ltg .J7Tpl:tlIP:-. ,,-as dil't'Cl t, tI :It!:lill :-:f :--ix p r iori ty targc l:;tlte a k : l N a g ' l f y n a J ' l ' a Thl' Illi :-;:-:io ll "';I S 0 111 ,\'l ' l l .'" : - - I I I - l ' l : - - ~ f t l l'1I("ollllll'rill;,! d01ll1 illll' d cl'e llte:-; \" -(,I'a ] I f f I l le lal'gl' I :-:. E i;"dtty -tw o pl ' l'n 'n tIlll ' l,ff"I'! 11111'illg' .July W : I ~ direct ed towal"l.l

i l lVt'tl l l i :t I'Y dl':-.tl' lId io l l o f Ill 'ha ll inLlI lsl J'ial:,,, 1),I,\"lig-ltt foril iatiull !Juilihing W:l :-: :-;t'ltl'd-

'c! 011 ollly d : t , \ " dllrillg l I g I l Ih l' lill'ge::.ttltl' la st day of oper:l. l ions" 1"1 l !J.j.,'),-I II addiji(11l 10 thp d : l . " ~ . d 1 l :ttta cl\::. agaillsi

ti lrgl't :-- . Il ib!ht nli s:-: illll:-o agnill :-.I 1111'H' t i lr W(' I"l' :l 1:-:u l'OIU II lCkd a:: 11 Inl'1it ,, :t1 "x lH' r i ll l l ' l It,

It t' fil':, l :il ' r i l 's (I f t IIf'se ,t i tad:s dC\"l'II'ped fl 'onl:-.lIC('I':-:- (I f t Itt: ,\l a n1t 111'1,:111 (, l' 111'1 0 1" Ihl' nar:1I alld lalldill;,!oJll' I":t .ol l:-; at O \.;:in:I\\,:1. ' l ' ltt, fil' :--I .111;11,1\ :-; I'P IH'C:'CIltCil

-:-'l'"I I'I, jr"l't :-: II." t W(J will;! :-- :II t llt' \';:illg ai 1Iit'dil ll ilit tlLle"'\I i... ~ i o l l aga ill:-- t :tirfit,ld ... t hl'ollgh ",h id l .1


23/43

i-

Ihal 770.000 lOllS f)f :-ilti l' p ing we re :-.1 111 1\ I hy I l l i l l C ~ wit 11 all add il io na I 4i N.OUO tOil !' S(']" i() l1 :-i ly dnlll l1 g ('1 1.T he ,:lmu li ll i o f l l p " d:ly:" f ) ~ t through t i l l ' l' r4f l'C I :-; 0 f th e hll)(" l\adl' CillIl l l ll Iw ("1I11I\lu t l'{l. hil t i ti:-i 1\11 0 \ \ " t ll:l t n p " ra ci l i l i c':;:, \\"(' IT' l l ; l d lalld th at i ll 1l1 :l1I.'" ill:-ll I ll f 'I ':- ships \ \" ( 'n ' fOl'l'e- i l lu ;lt 4iP ll lpt 10 J' 1I11 th e IIlilH' Id flt" l\ade IWe: l l l :-l' fir i ll l'OIH 4p1 (' lt, !'-wPI' p i l l ; !.Th l' Co:-.I o r I.fil.-I IHi l l in g" t J l " i ll t(' r ll lSr : l i l " t " l " ; l f l l o W:l S 1(,:-:-; 111 1111 1 \lpnf' II I . a nd i ll ('I"f'W

C;I :- lI tl lt j P:l4r:ll l' :-:(> ( of / :II I;It :-.. Til l' (I ii il1dll :-; j I'Y Io ll :-; t i tlli"td:1 :-.,'":o; t l.'lI l o f pr ior i ty targ"p t :-,o ",j l h th e add it io llal

~ t ' Ih :d ll lall ." o f 11 1f' 1:Il"gl' l " \ ' wen'Ic)c:Ii (ld Oil 01" I ll' i11' t he J:ljJ:III( '!-l(' (' l I l1 s t lind \\" I' l" e1'('l.:tt i' (l ly g"ond l':ltI:l1' l I ~ I ' t : - ' _ Tld :-- \HUrI" IWl'lll itI'{'l ld,'" '1 :-"'{,:-- :-; II lt'nt o f t al';!t' t da i lingt' .l lI d CqU i PIIH'1I1r frect in ' II P:-:-;. The plu n fHI" 1 l 1 i : - : - ; j l l ~ cnlll ' "For lI ight hHmb il1g l'nt il'l l.r by 1":1 (b,, ' :-in('(' 1111 '1:1(1, of 1I 1'1I1i1ll1('ld d id al"t' t! ' lgHi li st day li;.!h(nttHcks.

Bchr(,t' H :W .J II I H ' :l11d 1-1 .\ 1Ig"1I 1-1. 1.-1 II I l t J H\\"( ' 1'(' {Iowll ag:l inr-:t 10 ial"gl'I::i, a iu ta l () f I.:WO a ir crn ft W(' I'I' ai l'ho lIIf' . of wll it 1! :.! O \Yl' rc' au xi l i :l l 'Yil i 1"(" 1':1 H. :1 lid I.O!! :; o f I he bOll l h i Il; ! a i l" l"l'fI ft iJ l lIlIU(' tIt il


24/43


25/43

of ail;H 'k uni i l .j .JUIl\..' J!) I-:j WIIC'11 t he Iil tit :dt (' ll l p t dl' :-:t l 'oYl'd Il l ' [ll 'nl ,al dy dl':-. tl'oyt'll, 0 11 t il t ' tlt'hit Hid!',Ihl'Uligho ll1 ,a t i l l,, ] . j ~ H - :!!) :-:; "' l ' r e 111:-:1

20

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JAPANESE AI RCRAF T LOSSES

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n,

D [ 5 I D H D ,,!

.., ....... . . .............. ........'" .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...,.."

to fi ;.t ht l 'J' :-i, ' l \n ' l I tY - l l i l l t (I t Ill'\" :"'1 w l ' n ' 111 :; t t f l l ' ( l l l t I l i l l l ' l / d ;, IIJil gC I,," H;,!l dl'l's it l l l( fl ak.

'1'1 ", ~ , t J l l i ] l l l I i l l t l i t, : t ~ ) P I ' \ )\'p djI" ll d;ilJIt, it l ld WitS 111;1 i II I a i IlI 'd wil h OIl ! di !lit- lilt ,\'.1.(':->:-; 1"11111 1 :t jlt--'rn ' l I l n f al l I I I 1 Wl'n' iI lO I>(> l'


26/43

... (U ,U" " 1(.[III 0' ''(.

B ATTLE DA MAG E

. ' lI t IU,rt IIlf f lE DtIIIo'a GED, . ~ r - - - - - - - ~ . ~ . ~ . ~ . ~ . ~ . ' ~ . ' ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ .. ' . ~ ..~ . ~ ' - - - - - -

(aUSE 0 ' a U l t l U n DaMaGED''''H' ....... ,"0"'" (u .. .. . 'e ... . . .1 sn ' IO IH'OI. " , 'UO...'" .. ".. .." '"' " .. .. " ..... .., ...... .. ... " .. ..... ... .. .. '"... ., ... .. .. ...'" .. ... ...,,1 .. "' ,.. '"

, o u ~ ... 10. ' ... .. "0,t ' 11 .\1: '1 1:1

Il Lil'S, l l l u n t ~ l r e d i \ i l l l t ia in: ral'L w as l'1I 11 t e l'l'd , I I 0w l 'n ' l' , dll( ' 10 ihl' pT cn t ly i l l l: ]'('n :-;Id

tn bel's 0 I: B : I I t itl 'kill;!. tile a l i pe l'cI'n l Uf- :Ws d,IIlI:l.!.!Id II ," nnk \\ ' H :-i 11(1' i l ll ' I'l', l :-:ed (Chal't' Vith lil(' dl'I'l'(';J :-3C il l fil!ilt cl' inll 'n:l!pt ioll ,l' tJll:-- l i l l l i t ' d tilt, p l ' inci pal thl ' l 'at to fl ln:l':-i :11 -

k i l l ~ .Japa tl fl'olll .\ I al' ch thl'(Hlg-h l it e 1'lId o fp \\'al', Tb t:' lI:1 k t l t - f l ' l I : - > ~ : - ' Wl 'n ' di:-t rihtlild a:-('oll:-it i lu t l' ; t !hl' l 'a! ull ly i ll \' il'i ll i! y o f 1IIl' " r in p.d 101 I'.!.!" i lid 1I:-l l 'i ill t'0 1]('1'1I1nil iOIl :-.. .Ebl' w ht 'n 'ough olll I III' Eilip i l't, oll l y I l lt ' .. ,!.!t'l' 1I1'1'o:--i l illl!

", 1 th t, B - :l!I :-: ,Th rn' :I P I11 ' :11 '111 10 lIe little dfl 'cl in.' u:-.(: o f gu n

I ':ldal', B :l I th, dalll:tgi' froltl lIak : l t l l tl i;,!iblp W I I l l ' I I I I l I , j I I ~ t l l l 'l l l Ig" lI l l I l l I t l l' ]'I':! :,t (II 'I l i ~ ,,!tI'1! IluL IImlt' I' 1 ' : I I h l i g h l i l l l l llL i l l:dillll.'lt l'c!lligl,t, dLftIISI;-'. li].;l' :tl l l iai l ' (; I'l Ih ndi llt,I'Y,

l ' l 'l ' (,OIH'l ' I lI I 'H i l 'd it l d t , f l II :"I' o f H fl ' \\' pl' illl'i l'al,\I n:-.lt'1' l ig-Iil l') til' h igll i lltt'lI:--i!y O1Jl))I: tl'l d

he dl' l 'd in ' l.r 1.'(ll1t rol l ,," I ly radar, 1,111 t I,,ll c r 1110re 11 II 11 1(' I'OIlS f::('i1 ITl dig'hts flppan 'ldl,v

(' I' (' Itot .F l' l ' l,p t i '( l lIip"ll ' l t \ Y ; t It :-l.' d t'xlt ll :-in I," duril1gdy OPl'l'lItioliS III ddt 'd IIlid til' ;!ut l la yill;! J'udal' alld ot iwl' co n l l 'ul

21

1''1tl i j l l l l t ' lIt, .JatIIlI Jillg- I'lflJl'h... l 'xrl 'p l fur th cptl1 :-ii ll;'! o f ropl ' til ' l' halr. ,,'l 'n' IlIIl at ((It I I'LIl!. ho\\,I ' \' t" " 11111 il t Itt' a i l' t J t I ' t ' I I : - : i n ~ IIJ:1II1I't d al ld :--iz:lblt,fU IT l ':-' \ \ '( 'I 't' ilt' i ll l ' iLlp lflYl'd. Ti l t , fn 'IJlIl' II L'yI ' a l l ~ til' .Jap I ' I l tb l ' \\'l'ri.! t l l ' I l ' r lJ l i l l t 'd alld :I t llJi :, ' lI i l it. 1' :11 Ia I' ('tJ l l l l t l 'I ' IJJt.'a :-I I I 'l'!'i \\"l' I'l' 1l!' I,d :t l Id pl 'l ln,tI('f)', t,t in, :--i1'1 'I'i al ;I in 'l'a f l \\ '( ' 1'1' l 'q ll ipPl"d wjlll;11'lIl lI l ' ll ' I\ ' ra ll;.!t of I"Il'l'I I'oll i , ' a l l l i l l i l l ~ dl' \il't :-, :lilt!:-- Ial io ll l'd u"I ' r Ih ' t arg !'1 ;] J'l' ;] !'i dlll'i ll;! IIi;.!"! il l l :t l' k:--. ",hi l l' Il I IiI' I' I l " d l ' t l l l i j ' l lt l l l l i l l,!.! "l(lIiPIIII '1I1WU !':) t' il l'l'iC'tl il\ all strike a irt J'flft. and II f:P( L d l l r i l l ~ dayli;.!/Il ,111 :\1, 1", '1'1](' .J;l]) aPPHI'( 'l l t ly \\':1:'; \111 -:IIJlo to t.:o lllli cra d de l' i r ollit.: j:l lllillillg


27/43

ill the tlirntpl' wilh ill:"'ullkielll t l ' a i n i l l ~ to haJl(lI(':d l l lsPl'd :-, or tlit 'ir job, Th e- il ' j \u i l i ty to \' \' jIlIl1l1l'tli,' illfl1rllllltiOiI pOl'tl';IYI ,d Ilil 111\' I'ild,,!' : " ' ( ' o \\' jiSlillJitl'd pl' i l i l i l l ' i ly ihl'oll;!h ];wli: of tl 'nil li llg nlld:w lllal t'XjH'I'it' l1l'I' i l l


28/43

t IlPn', Tlli :-i hcgal! n :-eril's !.I f un' r 2,-100' rpYlll 'Y ; l l l d i l l ~ ... by l l- :W :-, ilt thi :.: airhasc.of th e:-'l' nil'c raft wun ld IIlI \'t' 1;(,l'1l fOI'l.:cd to

u ll t he opel! :-l'a llild }',"I) l lu t ()t'en :l,'nilab le.kllllwll',1W' Ihlll T,\,o t l r f ~ : - ; , In "ddit i , ," t o in(,I'l'a:-; i l lg'('Ol t lplt 'xi l ,r o f tilt-' ull\ 'igat iUII:1I pl'oldllIl. thi s

' \ ' l ' 10 fon 't' iI d i l . " l i ~ " t t:lkl' -olJ' :111.1' lI l b ly o f l'u l'111al io ll "; i l l lile ; \ b l ' i H I I l \ ~ a l 't ' iI ,C' I' thalllli,l.!lil In({p -off with 1'(lndc>z , 'oll:-: alld a:-:

o f Ullil !'i ;I i, SUll i e i;-.Iallli poill t along till'te. nllylig ht takc-o fT :-i 1'l':o'lIl1l'd i l l nig-ili lalld s with 011' ha zan/oil :' night d it ching ,Il Ol't'llc I J J 1 " f \ , ( ) l I t i l l ~ t1141S\! ail'(' I,:t ft whiell \\ '1'1 '1' IIll ithl e'e:l t'h )fal' iall;I"; im ;;:ps hl'l':llISC u:f fU l,1 ShIJI'lflgC' ,

eal truubl ",. (II' utileI' 1'('a:-:UllS, \\ , ilh 1\\'00111' hands. tlli !" tT il iGti (:11 II d i t iU II \\':1 :-- :dl l'

E S:'lpnfially . ;il l flli s:-, itJlI !'i w( 'n,' I'Ulllt 'd!' I " 'U a ntl\' ig-: lt ioll: tI ('lwl'k-l'lf ill t alld of tel!

01'111:11 iOIl : - i ~ I I I " I . " poi l i t , Tilt bJ.:e- ofl' pat wa S t h t ~ 1 I alh'rcd tu farul ' take-o il' tluri l lg tlH'of midllighl to oauO with i ~ h t l'el lll'lIlallll illg, T h l ' I'l ' i l l ' t e l' , the rat ('0 111 -tJ;lt ('1'(1\\' :-' , 1 1 1 t ' h y I'C;-'IJil ill:; i ll il lc n 'a -;ed I l " ) i l l ~ l'f1i('il'nc.r,

(d) ElIemy "i,. tI /I (lcks (lgflillSI tb e 1\I (lriallflS,- Tlw('aplul'l' nl' I \\'o l, li lllillated :111 illlJJOJ'tant l'nelllYui l'iJ,,:o:e tltl'oll,Uh wl!it'li I he .Ja ps had :-t-agl'd 1I1


29/43

l' i tlf 'S, opel'ftting north of Ihe ~ f : l r i : l n n .1n the'Combat Zone WCre I l l l opPJ'ationa l ('o l l l]'ol ofCO Jnlllnndf' r , h l l l l l ' i I F urn' . P ,lci fk Fki 'Lf t wa s 1!\ id('lIl- ill ti ll ' hp;,!ilillill.l! th nL In r i-hod sIIIl\"io ll sly C" l l lplo.'"dlll'C' 10 hfl' "C' j\\"u :' 11('11 "i l'('\", lf l 0\ " ( ' ] ' t'nel! oftlte l 1 o r t l t r n l l l Hlblll:t riul's hy day alld nn(' bynigh t: " ' i/-h fou l' 1'C' lif'f sllpCl'd ll t nhos on ;,!l"o l1l1dal ert nL 1wo .J i ltlH, Til l ' l ' : t l I ' l ' t"it l':-:P

~ f J ~ {lm\'/' tdf {' IW Ill Y :I in ' raft" ,I IHl (, I"af twhich we r (' ni f Clnp t i ll.!! to :It til l'k til .. l i fE';!II:1nll b l n a r i n l 'On 2!1 10-1 .;. a\ 'ail;lb le fa l' iliti ps we i'll :lug-

menled by ar ri"n l of Ihe fir, 1 0011010 11 of Ihe AAF24

F Ollrt h F.1t"tf' r !-!"el1c.r R{, SC IIC Squadron . These 120,1.- 10< w('re s llpp ll'lllellted on 30 A pri l by 811- 17 :-: l'fjuipJlr d wit lt d\'oj)a hlt-. n- :::t' 1lC !HoLo ]'' J ' l l SlIll:l111 "IJ II w a S pla ce'll Ulltl er Opc l"flt"iona l co n 11'01 0 1' tilt ~ L I l ' ,\ i l ' -Sf';L Hl' sc ll r GI'O l1P, flndits "i n.,." we re 11 ,ed 10 fl1lfill requ es ts by IheT \\"entie th _\ F,The mag nitude of air-sen reSC ll e ope rations is

illd i("lIli'd by tlll ' fo ll qwillg li f.; t of f acilities wh ich\\"(' 1" 1' in s tation 1'01 ' tI l{' fil\ nl comhat : . ; ~ HowIInn l+. A l I ~ u l !)-:lG:

J-l Jifegua l't1 !-: l1blllal'iHC's.2 1. Dlllllb11S nnd 11111l os (P11Ys :\"d

PB4Ys) ,!) , 'l lj l{']'(llll nbos,:i suria ('c ! - ; .

Til IItltlil iutl i itl 'l 'e wPl'e f.: lll'f,, ('C' (" ]';lf t s!-aLioned ofTIhe ends of ;111 1'U tlWilYS, 11:1\' -," pnt rol ai rcra ft ci l'r ling in th e \' ic illity of take-off , and ol he l' aircraftO il alert- at Sa ip:lll nn d J wo .Jimn, Totalr( 'Sl' II B p (' r :-;o l l l l l ' l in ;ti re l":l ft find \"esse ls actuallyOil st:t t ion a1IIIl l l iti t' l l t I ) :2 AOO Il le ll . Or' npp]'oxi ,It l: tl ply IW I T P l l t" (If ti lP persu tln el l l ~ , l g e d il l Ihe('olllh:rt mission itself.Th e ufl :-;ic IIll i! il ll ' I'\'aluat-i ng infol'mation nris

ing- from n tl i::.i : ; : s iuc ill rn t-, and fo r requestingsf'al 'cit 0 1' resc llt" i' roln Lite app rop r iate agencies,wa s t he iJombfll"t..itllent wing head quar te rs. A il':-:1' :1, l 'I ' :-; t.:I II ' un i t S ;l t 1 \\"0 and ;";uipan l


30/43

pOlllld fl'a,:!'IlU'litaliull hn lllh .-\ N - l\ IS1.e :-,OO-PUIII II I n l ~ I l I " l l t : I ' i o l l (,111:-:1 ,'1' " f :.!1)' !UIIIIII I fl ':I::'IIll'lIt:l l ilJlI "!lIIlIy... ( T IE l t .

II/I 'f 'ml ;' / 1'/1 nOIII lulUO-I I!llIlItI ~ l ' l I o , ~ I I : - : " l i l l " f al .." w l li l. ' l .h" .. " I ' ' ' " ~ ) IIIImlt. .\ N _\1 -17,

le li-lO!lllIId (Iii 11"11111 .\ :\'- .\h i!l,(' ll )-ptll il it l IIi] a lld wllill ' 1 . 1 l " ~ l l h t l l l \ l I ; - : ]jj,ruiJ, .\:\ '- :\17,1.-I-PI)lIl1i1 I:qw 11lt'l'Iui l j--mll,:!'lIt':-:illlu b"" l h .

' ]10 111 111 j.!:I .."JiIIl' j . ! t ' l I I l 1 g l l l ~ : - : l l l l httllll ' .\":\'- .\170,lI! till() -)1Plllld ('111:-:1" 1' /.f HI ! Ih " I'llIiI " -llIa;':IH':-oilllll 11 IIlIli1:-:.\ :\'- :\1 17,\ 1.

ll" r.o ll-p" llll t! ('111.""'1' Il f :\1 ti!) IU'IIII! :-o ,ilt - .-'()( I-p"11I1l1 1'111:-01('1' of .\1 7' 11111111)" ,Th o !)OO-puUlld (; P b Oli lb was t he I I l f Jidf'i'y IIS(,ll hOlllh. II \\':lS t-Ill plo."ed Hgai llst oi l

ll:lt iolls. ra il l'oad ."al'ds. nnd ;t!1 i l l d t l ~ts of :t \' lOI'uge l ' O l 1 ~ l ' l I l ' f iOll,T h,- I .OOO -I'Plilld ( ; )) bllH.!1 wn:-, I l u t "Jl l i n'l."i :;j'at'itIl'Y :-: il l t't' bO l ll h hay dl"s ig- II prC'\'l ' IIIPd

tlll(IlIli (' al It I,l(l i II,!!,.\ f!ainst rcinfo rced CUIl i l l huilt -u p :HPflRuf pOlll ' i l : f1 :tllltlJ:tbilit." Il Iar !H'l', ~ i l l l : ( , it bl l l'llr{i with" n'l'." bl'ig lt l(J fll'e JI 'III l I th e 1I1 :l;.!II f' !'i i l l l l l. I t \\'lIS lIot it pupll lal'hl/JlJb and " ' :1 :-, IlO t t l ' l I i \ ' ( ' l yTi l ,tnin fh{' lIla Xi mUIlI l' n'r t t tli! il i ll :-: t, heari l \'< .illdllst I'i a l iz pd 111'1':1 :-5 \\'h ic h hud a Itig-h i lll 'i(l( ' lI t l'II /' II lileiti1It' l' y Ill' 1I t;l('1tili t' ttlo ls,.j O pound c111 :"ll


31/43

The I'at io bet ween ince lldiaries ,Jlld high explo\ ' l ' : : i has IJe-C'1I p ruj l'clcll an d e:-. ta b li shecl as follows :

_-\ l1gwSl _ ___ ____ _ ___ _______________ _OctH I)Pl ' _ ___________ _____Decem1 )!'I' ___________ ___J ,J nn; ! I ' .\' l H-HL _____ __ ____ _

l I t j ' ,Tn l l f l li y hillr;" lIdiury ~ i l ' {bfHnb s b ! ) m b , ~ _ t:o_ 70 :::U_______ riO_ BU

_ _ :


32/43

pel'ce nt of th e ail'cl'llft c1ispal cli ecL d uringe of th e a l ' i n l 1 a ope l'iltioll wpre :lblc bombmfll''y t f l l ' g or th c:-i .... , many bnln bed t h l ' ( ) l l ~ h ken clo11d :-:; with un ly all i o n n 1 l i I l I P oft:1l'gcL or tilt' l I l i 1 TO pf'n :ent , t.h oseng t he t:l J ' ~ e nrca gcnel'fl i ly I'i IIIIH.I t 11(' t il J';,!


33/43

111 add itiu ll til IIlIit t l'a illillg dC' sc l'ilH!ll above , apl'ogl'iI II I uf lend crew tl'aini ng-. g l l c d to pl'U d uce th c mos t p I'ofi cicllt fOl'llJ:lli o ll h'''I Il' l's poss iulc:wa s cO lld llcted t h l'oug-hout th c period of ('llm l,nLop l' J'fltiom:. Til e mORt. pruli lis ing" crcws werc :-'('.led cd , hused on : ; : - 1 I 1 t o f app l'() x itll atciy t i..' 11 CO ll i hat" miss iun s, find g in'lI:t rnollth uJ ::-p l.'t iai trai ni ng'i n bOllJu illg. radal': Il:t\' igati un, i nt clIsi\"{:o t:t rg-cLslu ely : etc. C rews nol 1I1':l S:: ll l'i n;,! lip Iv t n n l l n nwcre ciilllill:tlt 'd from lead erew tl';lining anel nolfl ss igncd to iClId p u . ' . : . i t i All ('ffor t waS Illlid c tomaintllill-fI"Omnillc 10 j \\"lI\c it' llIi (TCW S pC I' group.

J\Iailll c ll ,tIlCco 'f profk il'IlC.\ tntillillg of all CO ll i hilt crc w pe l"::' lI lll1el al so {"Oll:..t itlltl'd a Illajor parto f t he or endl tl'a inillf,!" p r tJ;.!1'1I1l1. ll t' I\\ 'cClt II I is sions Lo J apan , trai ning f1i;.dtl s '\"l' re. (:undlll'ledlocn lly. VI' 5=Pllt tu Tl"lIk OJ" :Mal ' l' lI s fOI" pr:lct iccI,ombillg Hllti er l!lild cUlll iJat condil ions.As nn indi(tdi on o f til e flyin g' l tl"ort dl'\'utl'll to:1 Cl'Olllpl i!o,hllt t? lIt of th e (J"l'ra ll tlll':I(el" tr:lil li llg"Jll"og r:1Ill. it. i:s puint ed O ll t l !tnt. 10 pel'lt1l1 vf allfl yi ng co ndudt,d by th e i l l " i : l l l a 13- 20 forces, wa stlc"oted to trai ll i ng. Th is flllluullt ed to O,'er It 5,000fl yi ng ItOl lrs. In :ttldi( ion to flyillg" Imining. hlln dreds of : l l 1 d of Illan li(JIIIS wc re (lm-o lell t.og round h o o l .

E. Auxiliary Combat EquipmentT he !tIck o f three i t ( ' o( (,fIU iplIll' l l t prc \('lltldIhe successful flcco lilpiislll llC'lll uf lI igltt atta el.; :-:


34/43

I. SupplyIhe I ndia -C hi na Ihoatpl'. supp ly Ira s th e I'l'i -

',V l illi i t i ng- fnctor. C O ll l b l i t units Wl'J ' b:u;('dh e CaJclltla ;I rea nn d wpre sl nged j hroll;!h:lll cr ill Chilla . III orde r to se r vice ai !'

at tlt r ;t ch ' ;l I l t ( ' ba:-:e :;;. HX('d and othel' ,'italics had Lo be tran !':ported by ail' 0 \'('1' tcrr i chanH:ic l'i zccl exf l"(,llleiy UII fa \"ol'flb leer and te r rain . ) f on'l l lcn t of th e nl st

es (If l I p p ( ' s uj " ai l' iIlIPOSf'tILarge se;d e comba t st r ikes ngninst f lit'COl lie! be IHolint ed ol l ly by t IH' :-; 1(1\\" :l lId

s fllfth od of fly ing l I p l ' l i O \ ' l ' r " t he'. Th e IH l l l l i ll ' I ' of t rans port !;n J' i'i cs !-l owlIB - :2fl:-: IIt '....c:-:.;ary to 111011111 t i l l ' ::.n:,K l'OJl lhalg' sor l"ies was Th e ca pab il it y (IfB- 2!) :I.il'pla nc :IS a cUlIlh flt" W> tlPO l1 COll id

.' l'orc II IIt- be l'xploih-'d of :- lI l in ' upcl"atioli I!'full

l l l d i :l , the slIpply uf ga soline, :-: PH I't' pa rt s.s, an d Iliaint C' lI:ln CC 1)l' I':;oll llel wa s Cl'iti t:d,the )rnl'ian '1', l ' i l l ~ thc IIlOlli1i (I f DCl'entl.)( J' W-I-k I Illln trd thllt ;1Il additiollal 1.000 fl f bomb:,

lI;tn IItPII l ift ('rI : 1 ~ l I i l l .T 'lpall Inltillotit ion ex i t ecl.2.) A l ' l ' i ( ) shorl: l:,!t' hI' iIH't'ndi:lI ',Y 1lIlIlIili oll:-owing th e of inn'n di :ll',\' 5trikt :--.re- ased bomb 10:lr1::; carl'icd at f"( ,du t'cd boml;i ll/!

lldt,S :Iud :H': lc lt.' rflt ed schct.lulillg- of mi ssio llslted in the exhaust-in;! of ;\ \-:I ila ble stocks ofndia ry bombs in fh"e l:l l'g-e SC Ul l' Ill iss ioll :o.stol' k:;; wel'e I'c pleni :..; lied as soon :IS :-.lli ppil1/!

be se t lip 10 IIl cl't l"('qllirenl cnt r-: . By-April. suflicil'ld incendiary IJo Jllbs had :lJ' r in 'dmOll li t t\\"o la rge att acks . B y mid -1Vl ay .sho l'tflge \\"f1S ( ' ~ [ - : e n a l l y eliminflt ed Lil t avail e stoc ks Il C\"CL' pf'J'Init ted Ili e p1:l11nc r :; [ t -f l' f 'l '

ce in tli(' tY lwS of i li cc l l t i i :ny homhs to II'ployed.

J. Ph otographic ReconnaissancepllUto rccunnaissance &1I.ladro ll ' lqllippcd

Hi F - L3 ty pe ail'c l'n f t (c ' l)Ccia ll ., cC( uip pcu

11-29-Lypc airp lan es) wa s I'lIl'ni , il cd initia lly , , ,part o f the Twenty -firs t Bomber Co mma nd O l ' ~ a nizo.lioll. Had Ihis squadron been supporl cd byIhiI'd echclon mnintenance personnel, such as allai r ::;c rri ce g"roup (s pecinl ) , it could have produced:--: lIf1icil' ll t effor t to met I'eq lli rclllents of Het'in lphutog ru phy. J-Iowc,'CI', personnel fin d equipmenlfor tiJird cchelon lrwin tennnce werc not providedun t il neal" t.h e close of t lte wa l" . As a I'esuli o f theirlaI C "l'l'inll , t.he Third Ph oto Heco n Sq"adron II ' USnc\'('" ab le to Illaintnill a s ilnicientl y high rate ofaircnl ft ill ("o m1)1 ission to mett ClIl'I'Cnt uperationa l

The wOl"k load impo:,cd on this:--qufldrull W:I S I'Xll 'C l llt' ly hea"y , :I n addition to the

:1molllll or tn rgd alld post stl'ikc l'ecollJlais:--:l llt'C I'eqllind Ily th e (."omlJill cd opcrati ons o f {hewing-:..;, !"l ie :'1(11:11..11"0 11 \\":l S cital'gcll w i th mapping()killi.l wa, .J apall.


35/43

SUMMARYTHE STRATEGIC AIR OPERATION OF VERY HEAVY BOMBARDMENT IN THE

WAR AGAINST JAPANA (' l l'; ll"l'l ' IIl1d (' I'shll ldin/! of I Ill' " l iB njJPI',dil l l l

11I:!y bt, gained II." rel,dill/! it t o Ihe jll'lIf!I'(':-!:-i in 'pha :- t's nf t i l l ' I3- :W scalI..' (I f l, {1'(ll't, to t ll (' pot\'ntialc.: apahilit it'" l l l i :-i \\'('a j l l l l l in tltt, i f i ~ I n Il t l'pl 'itll' ip.ri t,rPP:-i of :dtal'i-,: ('01 III w:: t pd . ,llld t o tltl'capabi li t ,\' of tlH' \, 1111 pl'Clg-l'alll fOl" (,:lrl"."iH/! Ollt

a:-::-: i"llt'd IlIi s:-:-: io l1.Scale of Effort

In th e firs t p l ! : I of \'1-11\ IlJlI"1':Itilill S. tl w : - ; o lH 'r:ded IUl tl ! frolll I" ndi:t nll d tir l'(llI;..!.'lr nd'-:l ll l 'l'din China ",hiell \ \ " l' I '( ' thl' oll ly iJa!"'l' i'i i l i l' ll

" , 'ailatJiI' from " 'hi e-I! .)


36/43

of 1:ll'gl' 1111111110 1'5 uf 'ubcun tral..'iuls ilnd oth('L',1' pl 'Odl i t l in ' Iwit s ",hidl WPI'Cyita ll y l inl{ed

I hl ' \\'al' PI'Odlll'lilJ1I PlIUl 'l ' ll , II,\' di :;; loc'atioll andisl't I pi ion of t hI ' 1:lIJo l ' 1'01'('1', li nd uy th e Llt'st I'IIC

nlld di :'\I 'lIPliOIl or t l ' : l l 1 p ( l l ' t t l t O I 1 alld o thl'1''n ' i('l' faei i i til's, j)l'og-I'l':..::-.inI' xh'lI:..:ioli of Ihl' ill ' II.l i ;ll'." nll: l l k I I I !-'l' to l ldal'." Il l 'ball :l1'l';IS "':1 :": .Il,,!!lIed II I II l i l l i l l l i zt J:lp.IIH.'SI'> l, II'ol't to di spc I'Sl' , to

t 1':11 izc t ht' "o l l l l ' i IIt 1t iUlls 0 rSIIIi IIl l' 1.' CIIIII pU Il l ' II ts1:11111 f;lt'i 111 '(-'1 ':": . ;I lid til J'cd !H ' ( ' t hl' \\' i II 0 I' t hi' P ~ l I l ' Iel l t i l l l l ~ Lilt.' \\';11'. H- :W 1':II '"I,i l i ty 1'111' ti l , l in ' l' I his t,rpp or il t t :11'1\ IIl1d t'!' "Lin' ! ':':l ' Wl'ill 111'1' :llId

hlHIIUillg l' UlHliti l)l ls. as ('ool'dill:ltl'd with tIll:i ~ l I l bOli liJill,!! of illlli\' idllal larget s \\'h('1\ III('H I l ' I ' Pt'l'llI iii l ,t! , 1'1' :': II IIt,t! ill an 1I1l1'l'll'lItillg :11 11..1li t! t ipi t: i IllJ Illt:l aI t :1('1\ ( III i Itl' 1' 111 i I'l' J: I !,:! 111':"1' \\ ' :11 '

and Oil tht' 11101':1 It of thl ' I'l'llldl" Till'O\'l'I s (If. i\li.'Plldiill',Y att:H'!i: :-i \\ 'l'n' 1I1:It.!e .1':11' 11I1)l't'' \' t'I'I' hyt llt' ('oll l'cn tl':1tt:'d p(,l'iud oi ' t i l l l (' ill ",hi,,!t

alt:_l ck :; \ \ ' 1 (It' lirel'cd.'lilliugFItx i iJi l i t .r 0 f I hI ' ' ''l IB fol'('l ' :": W:l SdClIlI)lIsl 1':1 ttd

tltp i l f'l ' i ,d I! l i l l ing ( , f l l I l : I i ~ I I . COllllllit l l'tl ti li :, l, {fOI'I " f t ('I ' t.! e l'IO.Y"ll ' llt. til l'(,u,Yt i l b l i l l i l l g Ll od,ade of \'il ... 1 1lH'L'(' linnl. Rh ippillg'l J ;lpa ll 's hOlllC W:lil' I'S. :,wl' iomdy t l ' i l ' l i l l g th eobility uf 11 ;1 \' 111 unit s ",lIich had I'cot r l'lI i ld to th e

lIi i l l lcl Se n, a Ild I'C::iuI t ing in Ihe rllt.:! iOIl 01' d i :-i of O\'CI' 770,000 t OIl !:i (I f shippil l ; ! ill th e

IeJ's i l l l l lH.:-dillt c ly adjacent to Japall ",i l h allldi l iOIl:d -1 78.000 tons l l I l a g Of i l l lpol't:llI l'Cso ",as th e ftc l'inl lllinil1g conducted by J IH] i".

ba sed B - 2!1s agil im:t illlpul'iallt h:tl 'uul';-; :lndhippil lg lall es along th e i n t - i ('oa st line fl 'omang to Shnnghai.

l I g h j t ) J ' ( , tll:ll1 G pe l'cl ' llt. oft e total B- 2!! ( ' s (10 \\,11. th l ' n - :2!J II l i l l ing l":t J1\ cund ll ct l't l hy (iI e. l' lal ' ialla S-lm :ol l'ti V II Bce \\-[lS th e 1Il0St. CUllet'nt I'atl't! Illillilig e froJ't ever

,:clIlIlpli:--ltt'd 1,." 1111." : - : . l' l illillg' by V I III aiJ'J':lfL proyed :1 I'apid. nexi l,I('. Cl'U Il t) llIic. :lilt! c n'ec" e- means of C':..:la hl is itill g HilI! Illa ilita ill illg' tlll'l'hiln t a tld 1I(I \': 1i hlockade o C J:1P:III 'S 1'f'IlI:tilli ll g'IJ'fa ce forces. Th e d l'ecl-s of Id oc l\aL1(' "'(' I'e 1l1:lg

ed by tl te h('lI \',)' a!il ' i l iul l of l' IWIlI,v h i p p i l 1 g , sti l l lat cs i l ld i (,lI t ing thal sh ipping' It)s::; (:S llllk :lI1d31

damaged ) \\':I S 100 (Oil S pel' e (fc ti \'c min e fHlll 8.3jOIl :-\ PI'1' ,Ii I'1J(II'tIt'> mil1f' , d\ in '!'a 1'1 (,lIgagl,d i l l ael'inltlli l l i l lg \\"(' 1'(' tlillit 'lIlt ti l Cl l l lti):I i , :-; i lu'l' l, jf l 'ci i \ ' ( lIIi l l i l l ~ l'o il ld Ilt' (,Olltil ll'li'd at l1ight iJ." I'adar nlt'l h"d ;-:;:lIId IIl1df'1' ttlll diti l l l1:;; ( , I f ad n' I' :O:(' \\'('at lll' l'. Iflalillchl,d i ll :-. 1I f1i t' i('lIi :-- t ll'lIgth. Hl' l' iaill l i l l i l l f.! IHmp0:-: t':..: a PI'Ohlt '1I1 o( ('ol lsidl'rahle lIlagnitude 101Il:ll'i l i ll ll ' lI:1tittll "i o l l i d tl l l 'y Iw e'OIl Il' l ' d i ll:11101 her Wnl ' ,Atomic Bomb

TIll' l i l ' l'llI p lo."IIWld III' :tlll il l it 1I11111 111011 :-i 1'1' :-\ 11I11 ,d i l l I h l' dt ':..: tl'lld iUIi o f m'l'1' :--( j l l:t l 'l' IllilpsIII' 1\\'lt pl'illl' ipal .Japalll':-- !' I 'i tit ' :-i \\ ' i lhi l l :I 1"'l'iodof -1- d : t . " ~ Olll' ~ ! ) ail'plallt' t' ,ll'l'yi llg' !tne atoillic1,011" , :-.tl ' lIl" (': Il' !. 1.1' 111( ':"(' ei t il :". ,\ dH'1l1 of tltt':iloill il' 1,111111, gTt ': !lly ill l'l't':I :-.rd iil (' l' iljlllLil i ty of:-- IT:I It'g il' :I i I' ro l'tp:-: 10 t l l 'SI I'oy J a P:lIl':-. \\':11' l,,'tllI Ol l1Yhlld :.:1Il' ('o l l l i l l l lt 'l l tf) I'l':-ii :..:t . I t 1'111'111 (' 1' l'O l lfJ'hllil,dIltl' .I apnlil'!-' l' \\'itlt al l ill:': lIpt'l'ah ll' I ' I'o\'I"II\. :-; i ll l'('tlil '," l'oli id 1I0 t "trl'l, tin,ly oppo :O:t' "l iB ail'cl'ai'l0\ '('1' Ihp i ltl l l lt 'lalld. Ihl ' pO]lIlI:t l'l' (' il hl'l' had to take:-;: lll' ltl1 1' ",hellt' \'l' I' 1111 :1Il'l't \\':1:-. :-i OIlIlt!I'd o r :-. lI lf l'1' t Ite, It:t I\ (t' o f :1 10111 ic' dt ' :-. II'llt'1 ioi l . \ \ . i t 11 ~ ( ' :I i 1'('1':1 I't0\ '1'1' .J:ljI:l1I l' tt l1ti rl llllll !-' ly Iil l ' 10:-is il l p l'odlldi\it."tIlIP to :.il' alt'l'i :-- \\'o1l Idl)! '"I':lI,I ." t l l l l :-- h:n'" hCI 'O llll'l:l l:t ....t l'ophit. TI lt, 1)(, I' \' a:o:i n ' i ll lpnd o f B - :!!1 npf'l' il l i l l l l :-i Oi l JII pillH' :-- I' 1I101'i\ It' \\' 1'('}>:II'l'd to II lr e!. 11- 29rna i l l t ()l lall l.'C- .f1'\l1II th e- f i l ' ~ t . tleplo,\'mf'lIt il l CHIt l ll'ollgh tIll' fillal t, Il lul1 t.hs of slIst:t i l1tcI aUHl'l\UI1 tilt' J :'1 )l/II('se hllllll,1;11111 \ \ ' a I." i l l l j l l 'u\'t'dt hl 'o llgh II l'(I':--sit.\, to III\'l't IIIl ' fil1 :t1 :I{'('(,leratl'dII pP I',i l io ll:!1 p l ' t I ~ ! ' I ' : T il C' i l J i l i ~ l t i ( l o f OPCI':t t io l t !:i fl' Oll1 tl t (, l l ' i : 1 I 1 : 1 l.' 1C' :l!t't! IIniqne 1'1'01']f'1I1 :;:il l 1I 1'g':tllizatioli alill upe r'atilllls ' ( ~ ~ ( ' fil ci li tit' :-i \\'l' l'e l l i l d ( ' q l l : l t ~ :tlld d l' \' l' lupl1l('ll t 01' t"lwMa J'ia llas CO IIlP l' i:-:l'd I l le I I/Ust t Il IlCC' lItl ',ded A"J'OIlP i l lg of comb:!t, IWl'sonnel .llId (,t(llipmelli evcr :11 -


37/43

tempted 011 it single airdrome. T he lil11 jted capa biliti es of bOlllhsighting equiplI lCllt anJ lIllllslIalJapall c:-:c wcather cO l1lhitll'd 10 J'l'dw:l' t\1(' cf f e d i \ ' of ,isual bombillg from vcry highaltitlldes. The n.l[endnnt threat of thi s conditi ontu retard th e tetllpO of bombing operutions couldIlOt be accepted. Henlizatio ll of th e capnbi li tio"of radar bombing rcquiJ'cd illl cxtlmsio ll of train ing jn fh e th efd er and the dC\ 'elopl llcnt" of OlwJ'fl t ing tec hnic-illes to exp loi t thi s cupabi Jity. Newprobl ems were pl'cscnte-d by th o necc!==s ity for c:-;t-ubli sh ing air-sen r eSClie fa cil iti es o\'cr ra:-itst retches of open watcr. Th e g reat- distances in vo lved in th e Pllcific war crea ted major p J'oblC'JI1sin cOllll11llllical ions find liaison. Yet (mc by one

th e.'iC pJ'oblCl IIS werc O\"c rcome, with th e result thatill th e last five mOllths of t he war t he B - 29 attackCOBS! ituteJ UIIC uJ' the nlost cO ll ce llbn.l ed allddenlstatillg aUacks ill th e hi sto l'Y of warfal'e.

'fh e program :1'0 1' th e \'cry hCi.L'Y bomburdment(If Japan to whi ch th e \ \ ' l IS cOllllllitted, inslJite uf many pl'ublt' Il1S and ('unlpiexit ies, WIIS

conccin'd ilnd eXPc llteu, alld ti ll ' we, lponit self pro\"cd ea,publc uf Illce ti_ng the llquil"elll t' lltsJo t' which that force ""as cl'cfttcd- "* '" * toachieve the earliest possible pl'og l'cssiy e dislocnti on of th e Jap i l1 lCSC rni lit;l J'Y, ilHlu sLl' ia l; find economi c systelliSand to IInclennil l c- the II 101'111e of the_' ''pall ese people to " p oint wh ere t.he ir capn cityand will to wage wflr is clecis in:!Iy wea kened. "


38/43

AppendicesDESTRUCTION OF URBAN AREA TARGETSDESTRUCTION OF AIRCRAFT FACTORIESDESTRUCTION OF OTHER INDUSTRIAL TARGETS

A. Destrllct ioll> of Urban Area TargetsSOn :. I)Uj.!t:S Ust primury II1rgcts o i l i r .

I'c roontJ'O I,t] lutiOH

:-:\ l llUrt'I I I l 1built- li p

:-:I IUH(('milt'spl l1 l11n ',11111'1:


39/43

A. Destrllction of U"bmJ, ATef / 'fflrgets -Conr inuedSqU!lrcmil t'sbuilt -u p

::ql l llrcmil , sl, hlllllcdt!l I'J;CI IITf'!l

::i' ll lltred!'SlmY"d

l ' n ~ ' ! lbuill-UPI I r t 'a,Icstroyct!

I '{' rccut1,I,ulIlI'd " I A /C

t ! l l ' l l i r l , I !is Oil:!' hOllll) lng' \I:." tro)ld'l'OIlSd,'!I \'l)red

- - ~ I - - ~ ~ - ~ ~ - - - - -Okllyatll l l __ 163,5:,2 3. 38 I. S 2. 13 63. 0 111).0Okazaki 84 , 073 . gr, .S (Hi 68. IJ 81. 00Onlul!L ___ _ 177, 03.J 5. 37 1. & 2.2 7 42. 5 1a6. 0Osokn __ ____ _________ 3, 252, HO 59. S 20. 0 15. ,j4 20. 0 8 1. 5S:tg:1 ____ ___ _ _______ _ :)0.40G I. 2 1. 0 (' ) - -- -- - -Sakai --------- -- --- IS2, 147 2. :32 I. 8 I. 02 4'1. 0 tl7. 0Bas{! iJu 20;j, 9S0 2. 34 2.0 . 07 12. 0 48. 0Scmitl i__ - -- -------- 223, (j:W 4. .-,3 3. (] I. 22 27 . () 4 1. UtiltilltiZIL __ __ - - -- - - OS , Gl i I. 4 1 . 8 .74 52.0 81. USlLirnonoiiCkL ______ ___ 1% , 022 I. 42 .8 vi 3U. 0 03 8f:ihizuo k.1 _____ ___ _____ 112 , IVS 3. 40 2. 0 2. 28 Gn. 0 112.5Ta kaltltd slL ______ __ _ _ 111 , 207 1. 8 1. :, I. 40 7S. 0 06.0T okllShitll:L __ _______ L1 n. :j ' J 2. :3 1. 4 1.7 74 . 0 121. 0T uk uyt1tll1l. __ _ 38, 4 19 I. 27 . 73 (is .'j3 . .j 04. 3T ukyu______ ti , l i S, 80.J 110. :1:). 0 ,:)0. 3 .'jO. 8 80. 0T OY : I I l l ! l . __ _ __ 127, 8iiO I. 88 I. SR I. 8 7 no..j 9!l :jT oyull.Li b i ____ 141,71U 3. a l . iJ I. 7 52. 0 113. (]'1':; 11 ___ ---------- (is, 625 I. 17 I. 0 1. 18 8 1. 0 os. 0'l' surug:L _____ 31 , 346 I. 13 . 8 . 77 us. 0 9U. 0l '\)c________ - - - -- 100 , uso 1. 8 I. IJ . 42 23. 0 42.0l i jiyamada____ ______ ;,2, 5.).-1 . 03 .S .36 30. 0 4.-) . 0U t,:;oIlO It1 iy: \___ _ _ ___ _ 8 7/ 81i8 2. 7[, 1. 4 .94 34. 2 (i7. I, - \\":l.j i l l l:L __ _____ ___ __ :j2, 101 I. 0 . 0 .-)2 52.0 :;8. 0\\ ukn.\,:1I IIIl _ -- I ~ ) : \ 211:3 I. U 2.0 2. 10 ;'2. :i 105. 0Y fl.1I'il.!:1_ - -- 2fil.30n .;. 7'f:. . .j:) I . 22 2 1. 0 33. UYokkni c lt i __ 102. 771 :1. Td l. n I. 23 3r). o 123. 0Yokuh ll.tlll\ _____ 1)1;8, O!JJ 20. 2 8. 0 S. 0 .] .1. IJ I I I . 2Olhr-I'

TC)'I' .\L, ;-O._ 20 , S:JU , U1U 111. U 102. 10 17S. 10 13. 3 !J2. 2I ;-"-0 UllnHll!e.:O:OL li n:: Twent ieth A F :3lluiSt,[cu l ~ l l l l l u U \ of Il S() p{'rar iOllS JUI'nll .

T llrgd s

~ ( ' I I " 1 ~ ' - ' U ' l ' I I l ~ ~ : : i

Ai chi AircrafL Works:Eitoku PlanL ___ _1\l\gOy ll. Plnn L _____ _____ _Ai ch i Ordnance Plnn t________ ________ __

fIi ro :Kaval Aircraft Factory , h :lIrc ._ . __I LilUchi Ail'crafL Co. , ' llibn Plalll _H itachi Aircrafl Engi11c Co ., Tn chikl1wnJ apan Aircnl fL Co., TOllliokl1 P laIH __ _ _K:1\\'!1lli:-;ld Aircl flfl Co.:Fukne _ __ ____ ___ __ _

l l ilncji Pla1l1 ___ ___ _i \ lUll O P lalJ I- _Takllnlzukl'\ PhIl11 ___AklkihL ___________ _K3gandgalJara P111llL- ___ _

B. Destrllction oj A i l'cl'rljl Factories'J'ulil l rOllf un 'a(Sl l lll !!',' rt.:U l )

2, 012,000467, 5001, 188, 000

1, osn, 22!)1, \10 , 000

748,4 001, 2S 1, 15 1

053, 1002, -1:;7 , 7001,747, 6003, 37 1, 100I, 582 , 000

:; '1111111 ' rf:c'Ld" su 'oyed ordUllItl lll'( l

J , OG2 , IlliO302, 6001, 130,800770 , 457

(' )838,626217,900501, 247018, 650

1, 807, 250I, IS8, 80U2, 5 11, 450

0.-13,70034

~ ~ r C ( ' de-st roycd or

10. G6 ~ . 895. 771. 573.533. 03[). 099.073.485.07\. 3GO. 2

IJ

.:.\lL-:slolls

2

I42

140 985.5128 857.4

2 240 1, 733. S'I I, G27 23 10, 41 7.363 1 4.;8. 9

IIG 77S.01l i) 1, 070.0130 935. .)1:)3 I , 11 6. i130 I 836.4168 2 1, 022.3110 2 833. I14 1 I , 127.0107 780.5:1 1, GOO 70 11 , 472.017(; 1, 478. I160 1, 026. I70 730.004 692.2

103 726. il lg S30.51Ii j 02. 02 1,1)9 I , 106.3125 S83. S221 4 1, 301. 9U5 501. 6


40/43

B, Dest,.uction, of Aircraft Factories-Continued

-shi A i l'cmf t. Cu., K ugnlllignho..r9.

lalrl - - - --'nAircraft o r k ~ , : \ a l - { u1 ' i u Ai rcraf t. Co., !\'l i :-;hi ll l ---II P 11.LIlt,

a...:hi1I1!L , -shi Aircmf \. I I ~ i l 1 C j i l l la A ircraft, ( '0 , ;I l allda. P lanl . . _ _I\o i zumi P lnu1J \ 1 i ' ~ I t . ; ] l i l l o Pln ll l .:\(.\\' O la P llIlIl __ _Og ik uiJu _AirCl'aft F I . lZlloku Ail'cl'ufl Eliginchik ll wn. A ircraf l Co., TllChika\h i k n w I ~ Air Dcpot, Tn ch ikawlihiu l'ui Ma chine \\ 'o r'k:, _er _

Xu dlll1lll g\'.

:\ a go)' 11-- -

- --\ ' a

--

TOla l roor al'cn R(lIUHC rCI'L l'trCCll1 dc dt's troycd or l r t J ~ Hr(s lrunra rCl't ) dlllllilgcd da nmg.... d

293,000 227,000 i i . F)5,6 77 , 000 3, 880, 795 (is . -Ia , 0 ~ 8 8 0 0 2. u(i;', fHlO 87. F)a ,8 11, 000 a . J8 1, 100 n1. U1, ftO!) , 9S Il li I F) , 700 .10. "a,700, 000 882, 9110 2a. 81,832, 000 1, 2 74, 200 69. t,

U O O I , mHJ , j50 71. 6


41/43

C. Destn,ction of Olb er Il1dustrial Targets-Conti nued

'I 'lIrl!('ts I "'" ,,,, ""or """ I "'"'"",''''' I 1'""" ,"0' I M is,siulIS I Air: J ,o S,."l'S I T,'HtSor lank ( , l I r ~ l C l j II '\:rt l stro yc,lor 1lO llIlJin;;f II UI dnnlngt'dI ---- - -M I :'C I ': LI .'" :\1 -:0118 ' I ' A U nII i ka.ri t\"1.\ \ 'Ol ,\ nlc llnl, Tok ll,\'IUlIa 1, I :";U, 000 :1. 1!IfI. 700 71. 8 157 8S:'). ()l \urr

- " ~ l . \ ' n l J\rsc l1aL _ a, \)55 , 200 2, III 0 72. () ](i2 2 7!lfl. S

~ o ' y _\ rf:cnal :Al stlla PJa llL __ ____ __________ 2, -I07 t :)-10 I, 3f13 , 485 5-1 . 3 a-l- 11 7. 9C higwm Fncl o ry ____ __ 1, 2;'0. 000 I. 010. 850 R3. 0 :\3 189 . 0Osa ka Arll1Y .\ rsc ilfil , Osnkll O. 020, 100 a , 223, 28S (j ,1. a :\ 200 1. ClS:}. 0TokoytUl lU K aval Arsc llaJ a, 7W, fiOO 2, fiG I, 150 71.0 124 13. 3

i l O l l l l l lJ u l'nl ulIlin Co" g l ) , \ ' Pln ll ! _1 2, 113 , 3flQ I , 3:l!l, 000 .15. 0 2!) 150. 0l l l l i t o m o i\ l c ln.1 11Idu!' lry __ 2, 210. 770 2, 158 , G55 HG , ., 2 1-11 876. 0Xippol l \ 'c ll i ('lr :\ l alll1fllclllrillg: (' u ! l ( j 7fiO I,IO, 330 f) I. 3 -------- - -'\ l a rifll Rl l il roll.d Ynrd :;o ______ .,.1, 650 .J(). 200 !12, O 108 700, 8

II iill.ch i EIl J,:irrc' r ri r lg Co., i ~ f i l l P lnll l _ 2, 213, 101 2. 112 , 000 H6, 8 11 8 806. aI l o(b g:oyn ( ' hcm icn l '- llelUS! Koriyanlll_ 777, 580 -I S7, H75 50, 0 71 283. 7J\o ri y am :l Cbcn licn\ fn di ls tr i cs,Kol'iYll1l11L 702. 000 rIM),OOO 72.8 70 2 I i I. 7

l l 1 l L i ! l . u r ~ SC'!l.l' la li t ' !--;Httio ll (;\17, 200 27 .5, :300 0 2 fiS 3U6 . 6Od lCL __ 58 2-15, S-

I--- -Tol a \:-. _ 31 , 01 ti, I';,' 21 , 8:')2, 70. ., 17 1, 4GO 8 S, 003, 6

----:;:" 111\('1; : ']'w" lIllc l h ,\1 ,' Stlltl s l] , 'a l 1 " l I I n r y " f l is O p ('ra l i"II S A;;ai ll l'l t ,1:1 1' :1 11 ,

!11011

121314

156789 H

I

36


42/43

UN ITED STATES STRATEGIC BOMBING S URVEYLIST OF REPORTS

is bihlio/o!l'n.phy of report !' reslIll i ll!! froml l 1 d i I l f 1he EIII'Open.lI and Pucificf th ese rcpo rl l'! may IJI' purchni'ed frolll lite 8111'>('1'

l t.f Do el l 1110 111 :;; 11 t 1h e COn l ' l 1]lIclli Pr 'ill l l li g Offi


43/43

,=j l52Abrasives Ilran ch

The Gt 'rIlHiIl A I lra::oi "p t f\ '.\Iaye r and Schmidt , nrrrldme'li 011 .\ l l I i l l , ( :4'I"1II1IIIYA n t i . r i c t i o n Br an ch

Ti ll ' L:I'rlllllll ,\ l l t i Fricoiioll ' a r i l l ~ 1111111:,lryi\ lachin e Tool s Bran c h

W h i l l l T ou l :, & :\illl 'hillPry n :-o ( 'apiln! Eqlli p ll 'cllt.\iucohillf' '1'0111 in c..: t.' f l l l l l ll \l ! erlllClrJ 1\0111 ( '0 . , ( 'uiugw ',

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USSBS Report 66, The Strategic Air Operations of Very Heavy Bombardment in the War Against Japan...

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