Dm~jyj wdKnwdKn kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ

g~j

kvn Ave`yj nvbœvb

Abyev`W. Iqvwmg nK

1

Dm~jyj wdKnwdKn kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ

g~j: kvn Ave yj nvbœvbAbyev`: W. Iqvwmg nK

cÖKvkK

Avng` †nv‡mb gvwbKeyKgv÷vi

107 bqvcëb, XvKv 1000†dvb: 01678 111105

bookmasterdhaka@gmail.com

MÖš’¯^Z¡w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBU‡bm

cÖKvkKvj

b‡f¤^i 2015

cÖ”Q`

wRqv kvgm

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w` wcÖ›Ugv÷vi†dvb: 01813 164815

theprintmaster2000@gmail.com

g~j¨

yBkZ UvKv

AvBGmweGb978-984-33-2353-X

Usulul Fiqh by Shah Abdul Hannan. Translated by Dr. Washim Haque.Published by Bookmaster, 107 Nayapaltan, Dhaka 1000. 2nd Edition:November, 2015. Price: Tk 200.00 / USD 10.00

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w` cvBIwbqvi I w` DBU‡bm-Gi cÿ †_‡K GB MÖ‡š’i Abyev` cÖKvkKi‡Z †c‡i Avgiv LyeB Avb›` †eva KiwQ| g~j eB‡qi bvg ÔDm~jyjwdKnÕÑ hvi A_© Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm Ges Drm †_‡K AvBb cÖYq‡bic×wZmg~n| kvn Ave yj nvbœvb ÔDm~jyj wdKnÕ-Gi Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZvG MÖ‡š’ ¯úó K‡i eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|

kvn Ave yj nvbœvb wek eQ‡iiI AwaK mgq a‡i Dm~jyj wdKni Dcicovïbv K‡i‡Qb| G msµvšÍ K‡qKwU K¬¨vwmK I AvaywbK eB ch©v‡jvPbvK‡i‡Qb hvi D‡jøL g~j MÖ‡š’ cvIqv hv‡e| wZwb Dcgnv‡`‡ki Ab¨ZgK‡qKRb †jL‡Ki eB ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hviv g~j Dm~jyj wdKni DciBs‡iwR‡Z eB wj‡L‡Qb| cvBIwbqvi I w` DBU‡bm Bmjvgx kwiqvniwewaweavb myôzfv‡e Abyaveb Kivi Rb¨ kvn Ave`yj nvbœv‡bi Usul al Fiqh(Islamic Jurisprudence) Bs‡iwR eBwUi evsjvq Abyev` cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|

eBwU Bs‡iwR †_‡K evsjvq Abyev` K‡i‡Qb M‡elK I †jLK W. IqvwmgnK| eBwUi g~j †jLK kvn Ave yj nvbœvb Abyev`wU †`‡L w`‡q‡Qb|Z ycwi wZbRb kwiqvn we‡klÁ W. nviæb Avi ikx`, cÖfvlK gynv¤§`wmivRyj gvIjv Ges Rbve †gvL‡jQzi ingvb, †m›Uªvj kwiqvn †ev‡W©imv‡eK †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij hZœ mnKv‡i †`‡L w`‡q‡Qb hv‡Z eBwU‡Z†Kv‡bv cÖKvi bxwZMZ fyj bv _v‡K| Rbve nviæb Avi ikx` †`Ie›`gv`ivmv †_‡K BdZv (d‡Zvqv wefvM) we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e m‡e©v”P wWwMÖ AR©bK‡ib Ges cieZx©‡Z AvwjMo wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wcGBPwW jvf K‡ib|AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvgx wek¦we`¨vjq PÆMÖvg (XvKv K¨v¤úvm)-Gi cÖfvlKgynv¤§` wmivRyj gvIjv Kvwgj (cÖ_g †kªwY), XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K weG(Abvm©) cÖ_g †kªwY, GgG (Aviwe) cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z cÖ_g| Ab¨w`‡K†gvL‡jQzi ingvb gv÷vm© wWwMÖ jvf Kivi c‡i wewfbœ e¨vs‡Ki kwiqvn†ev‡W© KvR K‡ib| wZwb †ek K‡qK eQi a‡i †`‡ki mKj BmjvgxevsKmg~‡ni cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj msMVb †m›Uªvj kwiqvn †evW©-Gi †m‡µUvwi†Rbv‡ij wQ‡jb| GB eB cÖKv‡k Ab¨ hviv Mfxi cwikªg K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`ig‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cvBIwbqv‡ii mv‡eK †m‡µUvwi †Rbv‡ij Kwe Igi wek¦vm|

2

G QvovI cvBIwbqv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ mnKgx©ivI G e¨vcv‡i Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|

D‡jøL¨ †h, Bs‡iwR eB †_‡K Abyev` Kivq bvbvwea fzj-ÎæwU _vKvA¯^vfvweK bq| †Kv‡bv cÖKvi fzj-ÎæwU Avgv‡`i‡K AewnZ Ki‡j cieZ©xms¯‹i‡Y Zv ms‡kvab Kivi †Póv Ki‡ev|

Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó eyw×Rxex kvn Ave yj nvbœvb-Gi Bs‡iwR eBwUiAbyev` cÖKvk Ki‡Z †c‡i Avjøvni ïKwiqv Av`vq KiwQ|

mfvcwZ

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w` cvBIwbqvi|

15.11.2015

m~wPcÎ

Dm~jyj wdKn t wdKn kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ /00

KziAvb /00

mybœvn /00

KziAvb I mybœvni e¨vL¨v /00

Av‡`k, wb‡lavÁv Ges i` /00

BRgv /00

wKqvm /00

Bmjvgx kwiqvn c~e©eZx© cÖZ¨vw`ó AvBb /00

mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv /00

BmwZnmvb /00

gvmjvnv gyimvjvn /00

Did Ges BmwZmnve /00

mv` Avj hvivB /00

ûKz‡g kviC /00

ZvAvÕiæØ /00

BRwZnv` /00

MÖš’cwÄ /00

3

Lvwj

Dm~jyj wdKnwdKn kv‡¯¿i g~jbxwZ

cÖv_wgKfv‡e ejv hvq ÔDm~jyj wdKnÕ ( ) Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm evwfwË wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Aek¨ Ôbyiæj Av‡bvqviÕ Mª‡š’ †jLK †kLAvn‡g` Beb Avey mvC` (whwb †gvjøv wihIqvb bv‡g L¨vZ Ges mgªvUAvIi½‡R‡ei M„nwkÿK) D‡jøL K‡ib †h, GK`j AvBbwe‡`i g‡Z Dm~jyjwdKn Bmjvgx AvBb I AvB‡bi Drm y‡Uv welq wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv K‡i|

Dm~jyj wdKn [Dm~j ( ) n‡jv AvQj ( )-Gi eûePb] n‡jv BmjvgxAvB‡bi wfwË| GB kv‡¯¿i gva¨‡g Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm †_‡K AvBbcÖYq‡bi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Kiv nq| GB A‡_© Dm~j n‡jv c×wZ Ges wdKnn‡jv Gi DcRvZ ev dj| myZivs Dm~jyj wdKn n‡jv Bmjvgx AvBb evkwiqvni g~jbxwZ (Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence)|Dm~‡j wdKn Bmjvgx AvB‡bi cÖv_wgK Drm KziAvb I mybœvn wb‡qAv‡jvPbv Kiv nq| A_©vr Dm~j KziAvb I mybœvni ˆewkó¨ wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbvK‡i Ges KziAvb I mybœvn †_‡K AvBb cÖYqb c×wZ eY©bv K‡i| AvBbcÖYqb c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Dm~j KziAvb I mybœvni wewfbœ kã Ôwe‡klfv‡eÕGes Aviwe fvlv ÔmvaviYfv‡eÕ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K|

ÔDm~jyj wdKnÕ ( ) Bmjvgx AvB‡bi gva¨wgK Drm wb‡qIch©v‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K| †hgbÑ

BRgv ( Ñ m¤§wZ),

wKqvm ( Ñ mv`„k¨Zvi Av‡jv‡K wm×všÍ MÖnY),

BmwZnmvb ( Ñ AvBbMZ cÖvavb¨) Ges

BRwZnv` ( Ñ M‡elYv I hyw³i cª‡qvM)|

AvBb cÖYq‡bi GmKj gva¨wgK Drm Aek¨ cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e KziAvbI mybœvni Dci wbf©ikxj| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, wKqv‡mi wZbwU g~jDcv`vb ÔAvQjÕ (g~j NUbv), ÔûKzgÕ (AvQ‡ji †cÖwÿ‡Z ivq) Ges ÔBjøvnÕ(Kvh©Ki KviY) cÖv_wgK Dr‡mi Dci wbf©ikxj| ÔDm~jyj wdKnÕ Bmjvgx

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AvBb msµvšÍ Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq welqvw` wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡K|†hgb AvB‡bi Dci cÖ_vi cÖfve wKsev AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e cÖ_vi f‚wgKv,Bmjvgx AvB‡bi ¸iæ‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K ¯Íi web¨vm n‡jv:

diR ( ),

IqvwRe ( ),

gv› ye ( ),

nvivg ( ) Ges

gvKiƒn ( )|

Dm~‡ji KwZcq cy¯Í‡K we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e Aviwe fvlvi e¨vKiY Av‡jvwPZ n‡q_v‡K| wbtm‡›`‡n ejv P‡j Bmjvgx AvBbwe`‡`i (&Dm~wjDb) Rb¨ Aviwefvlvi Ávb I e¨vKiY Rvbv AZ¨vek¨Kxq Z‡e GwU Dm~‡ji welqe¯‘ bq|

Dm~j cvV †_‡KB Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi, KziAvb I mybœvnmn mKj gva¨wgKDr‡mi e¨vL¨v c×wZ, eZ©gvb I AZxZKv‡ji Bmjvgx we‡klÁ‡`i Dm~jwel‡q g‡bvfve, wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g cÖ`Ë iv‡qi weeiY, BRwZnv‡`i Ab¨vb¨c×wZ, Bmjvgx AvBb Ges AvBbwelqK ZvwË¡K welqvw`i weKvk msµvšÍBwZnvm| Dm~j cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Gme wel‡q ÁvZ GKRb e¨w³ BmjvgxAvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î m‡PZb _vK‡e| G e¨w³ †hgb AZx‡ZiAvBbwe`‡`i iwPZ c×wZ m¤ú‡K© kª×vkxj _vK‡e †Zgwb eZ©gv‡bi bZzbev¯ÍeZvi Av‡jv‡K AvBb cÖYqb I e¨vL¨vi e¨vcv‡iI m‡PZb n‡e| †mZLb Am‡PZb K_v I KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| Dm~jyj wdKn-Gi g~jjÿ¨ n‡jv BRwZnv`‡K wbqš¿Y Kiv Ges AvBbwe`‡`i AvB‡bi Drmmg~n†_‡K AvBb cÖYq‡b c_ cÖ`k©b Kiv|

Bgvg kvwdC‡K Dm~jyj wdKn ev wdKn Áv‡bi RbK ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|K_vwU GB A‡_© mZ¨ †h, Dm~jyj wdKni g~jbxwZ¸‡jv Bgvg kvwdC cÖ_‡gcÖYvjxe×fv‡e web¨¯Í K‡ib| Bgvg kvwdCi c~‡e©i AvBbwe`iv bxwZiAv‡jv‡KB AvBb cÖYqb Ki‡Zb Z‡e †m mKj bxwZ GKwÎZ Ges myweb¨¯ÍwQj bv| Bgvg kvwdCi c‡i cÖPzi weÁ e¨w³ Dm~j cv‡Vi e¨vcv‡i Ae`vb†i‡L‡Qb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡jb, Aveyj nvmvb Avj evmwi(B‡šÍKvj 436 wn.), Bgvg Avj nvivgvBb Avj RyqvBwb (B‡šÍKvj 487wn.), Avey nvwg` Avj Mv¾vwj (B‡šÍKvj 505 wn.), dLiæwÏb Avj ivwR(B‡šÍKvj 606 wn.), mvBdzwÏb Avj Avwgw` (ÑÑÑ), Aveyj nvmvb AvjKviwL (B‡šÍKvj 349 wn.), dLiæwÏb Avj evR`vIwq (B‡šÍKvj 483wn.), Avey evKvi Avj Rvmmvm (B‡šÍKvj 370 wn.), mv`i Avj kvwiqvn

(B‡šÍKvj 747 wn.), ZvRDwÏb Avj myewK (B‡šÍKvj 771 wn.) Ges BgvgAvj kvwZwe (ÑÑÑ) cÖgyL|

cÖv_wgKfv‡e Dm~j cv‡Vi y‡Uv aviv weKvk jvf K‡iÑ ZvwË¡K I Av‡ivnx|ZvwË¡K c×wZi weKvk N‡U Bgvg kvwdCi gva¨‡g whwb mymse×fv‡eKwZcq bxwZ cÖYqb K‡ib Ges Zvi wfwˇZ BRwZnv` K‡ib Ges d‡Zvqv†`b| Ab¨w`‡K cÖv_wgK nvbvdx cwÐZMY KziAvb I mybœvni wfwˇZd‡Zvqv †`b Ges †m me d‡Zvqvq †hme bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡qwQj ZviwfwˇZ Dm~j cÖYqb K‡ib| hv‡nvK, cieZx© cwÊZMY y‡Uv aviv‡Kmgwš^Z K‡ib Ges eZ©gv‡b GB mgwš^Z aviv cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q|

5

KziAvb

Dm~‡ji KwZcq cyiv‡bv ¯^xK…Z MÖ‡š’ (†hgb †kL Avng` Beb Avey mvC`iwPZ Ôbyiæj Av‡bvqviÕ ev †kL Aveyj evivKvZ Beb Avng` bvmvwd iwPZÔgvbviÕ MÖš’Øq) Dm~‡ji †ewkifvM Ask n‡”Q ÔwKZveyjøvnÕ A_©vr KziAvbwk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b| G wk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b Av‡jvwPZ welqmg~n n‡jvÑKziAv‡bi k‡ãi †kªwYweb¨vm (A_ev Aviwe fvlv), KziAvb I mybœvnie¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq Aviwe e¨vKiY|

Av‡jvP¨ MÖ‡š’ KziAvb Aa¨v‡q Aviwe fvlv ev e¨vKiY Av‡jvwPZ n‡e bv|eis KwZcq AvaywbK Dm~j we‡kl‡Ái Av`‡j Ôe¨vL¨vi c×wZÕ GBwk‡ivbv‡gi Aax‡b KziAvb I nvw`‡mi kã e¨vL¨v I †kªwYweb¨v‡mi c×wZwb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡e| AvMÖnx cvV‡Ki cÖwZ Aby‡iva iBj Zviv †hb Aviwefvlv I e¨vKiY wfbœfv‡e cvV K‡i †bq| Av‡jvP¨ cwi‡”Q‡` KziAv‡biKwZcq ˆewkó¨ I Gi f‚wgKv wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

KziAvb n‡jv Ggb MÖš’ hv Avjøvni evYx wn‡m‡e ivm~j †gvnv¤§` (m.)-GiwbKU bvwRj n‡q‡Q| KziAv‡b †gvU 114wU Amg AvqZ‡bi m~iv i‡q‡QGes m~iv¸wji m~wP welqvbymv‡i web¨¯Í bq| Avjøvni evYx ev Iwn `yBcÖKvi| h_vÑ Iwn Rvwni Ges Iwn evwZb|

Iwn Rvwni ( ÑcÖKvk¨ Iwn): KziAvb cÖKvk¨ Iwni (Iwn Rvwni)mgwó hv Avjøvni fvlvq gvby‡li mv‡_ Zvi mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM|

Iwn evwZb ( Ñ AcÖKvk¨ Iwn): Iwn evwZb (AcÖKvk¨ Iwn) IwnRvwni †_‡K wfbœ GB A‡_© †h Iwn evwZb Aby‡cÖiYvwfwËK| ivm~j (m.)-Gi nvw`m Iwn evwZb ch©vqfz³|

nvw`‡m Kz wm: †hLv‡b Avjøvn‡K ivm~j (m.) DׄZ K‡i‡Qb, hv KziAv‡bich©vqfz³ bq, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ GmKj nvw`‡mi mb` (nvw`m eY©bvKvix‡`iAvbyµwgK) h_v_© wKbv Zv hvPvB mv‡cÿ welq| hw` mb` (AvbyµwgK)ye©j _v‡K Z‡e nvw`mwU ye©j e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e hw`I nvw`mwU nvw`‡m

Kz wm ch©vqfz³ nq| GwU D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h ivm~j (m.) nvw`‡m Kz wmI Ab¨vb¨ nvw`‡mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY K‡ib wb|

KziAv‡bi ïay A_© ( Ñ gvÕbv) wKsev ïay cvV ev Text ( Ñ bvRg)KziAvb bq| Bmjvgx AvBbwe`MY G e¨vcv‡i m¤§Z n‡q‡Qb †h A_© Icv‡Vi mgwóB KziAvb|

KziAvb bvwRj n‡q‡Q av‡c av‡c (KziAvb, 17:106) Ges avivevwnKfv‡e(KziAvb, 25:32)| Iwni avivevwnK AeZiY ( ) Iwn‡K ü`q½gKi‡Z I gyL¯’ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| mKj Bmjvgx we‡klÁ mgMÖKziAv‡bi weï×Zvi e¨vcv‡iI HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb|

KziAv‡bi e„nr Ask bvwRj n‡q‡Q g°v‡Z (30 fv‡Mi cÖvq 19 fvM) GesevwK Ask gw`bv‡Z| g°vq bvwRjK…Z AvqvZmg~‡n ewY©Z n‡q‡Q GKAvjøvn‡Z wek¦vm, Awek¦vmx‡`i mv‡_ we‡iva, m‡Z¨i w`‡K Awek¦vmx‡`icÖwZ AvnŸvb BZ¨vw` welqmg~n| wKš‘ gw`bvq AeZxY© m~ivmg~‡nDc‡ivwjøwLZ welqvw`i AwZwi³ cwievi, mgvR, A_©bxwZ, †`Iqvwb I†dŠR`vwi `Êwewa BZ¨vw` welqK AvBbx aviv Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bvm~iv hw` cÖ_‡g g°vq bvwRj nq Ges Gi Ab¨vb¨ AvqvZmg~n cieZx©‡Zhw` gw`bv‡ZI bvwRj n‡q _v‡K †mB m~iv‡K g°x m~iv ejv n‡e| Avi †Kvbm~iv g°x Ges †KvbwU gv`vbx Zv wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q mvnvwe I Zv‡ewqb‡`ieY©bvi †cÖwÿ‡Z|

wewfbœ wnmve †_‡K †`Lv hvqÑ KziAv‡b cÖvq 500wU AvBb msµvšÍ welqvw`wee„Z n‡q‡Q| GmKj wewaweavb msµvšÍ Avqv‡Z e¨³ n‡q‡Q ÿwZKviKcÖ_v †hgbÑ wkï nZ¨v, my , Ryqv, mxgvnxb eûweevn, ÿwZc~iY, †gŠwjKBev`Z †ÿ‡Î bvgvR, †ivRv, nR, RvKvZ BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½| Av‡iv ewY©Zn‡q‡Q `vb, kc_, weevn, ZvjvK, BÏZ, †gvni, fiY‡cvlY, wkïicÖwZcvjb, yacvb, wcZ…Z¡, DËivwaKvi Ges †nev msµvšÍ welqvw`|GQvovI Av‡Q e¨emvwqK Av`vbcÖ`vb †hgbÑ µq, weµq, avi, eÜK, abx-Mwi‡ei gv‡S m¤úK©, b¨vqwePvi, mvÿ¨, hy× Ges kvwšÍ BZ¨vw` welq|

Rvwbœ ( Ñ AbygvbMZ) Ges KvZC ( Ñ wbwðZ) yBwU wel‡q Dm~jcv‡V Av‡jvPbv nq| KvZC Ges Rvwbœ aviYvwU Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q cvV(Text) Ges cv‡Vi A_© †evSv‡Z| KziAv‡bi mg¯Í cvVB KvZC, A_©vrKziAv‡bi eY©bv m‡›`nvZxZ| KziAv‡bi evB‡i Avi †h cvV‡K KvZCigh©v`v †`qv nq Zv n‡jv gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m Ges mybœvn| Ab¨vb¨ nvw`m GesBRwZnv` Rvwbœ ch©vqfz³|

KvZC: KziAv‡bi †hmKj cvV my úó k‡ã AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv( ) wee„Z n‡q‡Q Ges k‡ãi GKwU gvÎ A_© enb K‡i GmKjcvV‡K A_©MZ w`K †_‡KI KvZC e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

6

Rvwbœ: hv KvZCi msÁvi g‡a¨ c‡o bv Zv-B Rvwbœ| KvZC Ges Rvwbœi¸iæZ¡ wbf©i K‡i AvwK`vMZ wel‡qi †ÿ‡Î Ges AvnKvgMZ welqvejxi¯Íiweb¨v‡m diR ( ), IqvwRe ( ), mybœvn ( ), nvivg ( ),gvKiƒn ( ) BZ¨vw`| AvwK`v ( ) ev wek¦vm msµvšÍ welqvejxwba©vwiZ nq KvZC cvV I KvZC A‡_©i mgš^‡q| GKRb e¨w³ Kv‡di e‡jwe‡ewPZ n‡e hw` †m KziAv‡bi KvZC cvV‡K A_ev gyZvIqvwZi mybœvn‡KA¯^xKvi K‡ib, Ab¨_vq bq| GKBfv‡e diRI wba©vwiZ nq KvZC cvVI cv‡Vi KvZC A_© mnKv‡i (`ªóe¨: cwi‡”Q` 17, W. nvwkg Kvgvwj,wcÖwÝcjm Ae BmjvwgK RywimcÖæ‡WÝ)|

KziAv‡bi AwaKvsk cvV A_©MZ w`K †_‡K KvZC| A_©MZ w`K †_‡K RvwbœG iKg k‡ãi D`vniY m~iv wbmvi (evbZzKzgÑ †Zvgv‡`i Kb¨viv)kã (KziAvb, 4:23) Ges m~iv gv‡q`vi ÑÑÑ (BqvbdvD wgbvj Avi`Ñc„w_ex †_‡K wbe©vmb) kã| Gme kã ev evK¨vsk ¯^ZtB my úó bq, ZvBG¸wj Rvwbœ|

KvZC I Rvwbœi Av‡jvPbvq KziAvb I mybœvn G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK| †h†Kv‡bv GKwU Rvwbœ AvqvZ KvZC e‡j cwiMwYZ n‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bvGKwU KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZC mybœvni gva¨‡g| GKBfv‡e Rvwbœ mybœvnKvZC mybœvn‡Z cwiMwYZ n‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv KvZC AvqvZ ev KvZCmybœvni mg_©‡b|

hZ ~i m¤¢e KziAvwbK AvB‡bi e„n`sk e¨vcK Avw½‡K (BroaderOutlines) cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv P‡j Lye Kg †ÿ‡ÎB KziAvbwe¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wewawb‡la eY©bv K‡i‡Q| myZivs G msµvšÍ Ach©vßZv ~iKi‡Z Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨vL¨vi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i‡K Aek¨B mybœvn GesBRwZnv‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj n‡Z n‡e|

fveevi welq n‡jv, AvnKv‡gi Kvh©KviY (ZvwjjÑ ) wK Zv wb‡qAbymÜvb Kivi †Kv‡bv GLwZqvi Avgv‡`i Av‡Q wK bv? AwaKvsk Dm~jwe‡klÁ‡`i gZ G wel‡q ïay nu v †evaKB bq, AwaKš‘ BRwZnv‡`igva¨‡g Bmjvgx AvB‡bi AvaywbKvq‡bi Rb¨ AZxe RiæwiI e‡U|

hv‡nvK, Aí msL¨K we‡klÁ g‡b K‡ib Zvwjj Aby‡gvw`Z bq Ges GKBhyw³‡Z wKqvmI mg_©bxq bq| Z‡e GB avivi gZwU ye©j Ges m¤¢eZZvwj‡ji D‡Ïk¨ bv †evSvi Kvi‡YB G avivi m„wó n‡q‡Q| Ab¨ Av‡iKwUwe‡eP¨ welq n‡jv Avmeve Avj-byRyj ( )Ñ AvqvZ bvwR‡ji†cÖÿvcU| KziAv‡bi †Kv‡bv AvBb Avmeve Avj-byRyj Øviv mxgvwqZ bq|Z‡e Avmeve Avj-byRyj KziAvb I Gi AvBb eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

mybœvn

Aviwe fvlvq mybœvn k‡ãi kvwãK A_© n‡jv c`wPý (beaten track) evAvPi‡Yi cÖwZwôZ aviv| Bmjvgc~e© Avieiv mybœvn kã Øviv cÖvPxb A_evcÖPwjZ Abykvmb‡K eySv‡Zv| nvw`‡mi Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z ivm~j (m.) n‡ZewY©Z e³e¨, Kg© Ges bxie m¤§wZÑ GB wZ‡bi mgwóB n‡jv mybœvn| Dm~jev AvBbkv‡¯¿ AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e mybœvn kãwUi e¨envi †`Lv hvq|D`vniY n‡jvÑ ivm~j (m.)-Gi we`vq nR Ges gyqvR Be‡b Rvjvj (iv.)-†K Bqvgb cvVv‡bvi eY©bvq|

AvBbZ‡Ë¡ mybœvn kãwUi m~Pbv nq wnRwi cÖ_g kZ‡Ki †k‡l| D‡jøL Kiv`iKvi †h wØZxq kZ‡Ki †klv‡a© Bgvg kvwdC mybœvn kãwU ivm~j (m.)-Gi mybœvn‡Z mxgvwqZ K‡i †`b| Dm~jyj wdKn‡Z mybœvn‡K kwiqvni wØZxqDrm wn‡m‡e †evSv‡bv nqÑ KziAv‡bi ci hvi ¯’vb| wKš‘ wdKvniIjvgv‡`i Kv‡Q mybœvn ej‡Z cÖv_wgKfv‡e kwiq‡Zi †mB Ask‡K †evSvqhv Aek¨ KiYxq ch©vqfz³ bq, Z‡e Zv gv›`ye ev Aby‡gvw`Z ch©vqfz³| Gwel‡q ûK‡g kiqx Aa¨vq †`Lyb| wKš‘ kwiq‡Zi Drm wn‡m‡e mybœvn †Kv‡bvwKQz‡K IqvwRe, nvivg ev gvKiæn e‡j †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡i| mvaviYe¨env‡i mybœvn Ges nvw`m Dfq kãB ivm~j (m.)-Gi AvPi‡Yi mgv_©Kwn‡m‡e e¨eüZ nq| mybœvn †Kv‡bv wKQz cÖwZôvi Rb¨ GKwU cÖgvY(û¾vn)| KziAvb mvÿ¨ †`q †h, mybœvn Avjøvni wbKU †_‡K †cÖiYvg~jK(KziAvb, 53:3)| KziAvb ivm~j (m.)-†K gvb‡Z wb‡`©k K‡i‡Q (KziAvb,4:59, 4:80, 33:36, 59:7)| ivm~j (m.)-†K wePviK gvb‡Z Avjøvnwek¦vmx‡`i‡K Av‡`k w`‡q‡Qb|

GK ai‡bi †kªwYweb¨vm Abyhvqx mybœvn‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:

KvDwj ( )Ñ †gŠwLK D”PviY,

†dBwj ( )Ñ ev Íe Kg© Ges

ZvKwiwi ( )Ñ bxie Aby‡gv`b|

wewaMZ Ges AwewaMZ mybœvnÑ G yB fv‡MI mybœvn‡K fvM Kiv hvq|

7

wewaMZ mybœvn ev mybœvn ZvkwiBq¨v ( ) ej‡Z GKRb bex, kvmK IwePviK wn‡m‡e ivm~j (m.) KZ„©K mKj e³e¨ I K‡g©i mgwó‡K †evSvq|

AwewaMZ mybœvn ev mybœvn Mvqi ZvkwiBq¨v ( ) n‡jv ivm~j (m.)-Gi Lv`¨vf¨vm, wb`ªvhvcb, cwi‡aq †cvlvK-cwi‡”Q` Ges Giƒc Ab¨vb¨AvPiY hv kwiq‡Zi Ask e‡j we‡ewPZ bq|

Ôb~iæj Av‡bvqviÕ bvgK Dm~j MÖ‡š’ ivm~j (m.)-Gi Gme Kvh©Kjvc‡KAf¨vm ( Ñ Av`Z) wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKQz wKQz AvPiY Aek¨y‡Uv As‡kB c‡o e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| GKRb †hvM¨ we‡kl‡Ái c‡ÿB

GB wefvRb Kiv m¤¢e| AwaKvsk we‡kl‡Ái g‡Z wPwKrmvwe`¨v, K…wlwe`¨vBZ¨vw` †ckvMZ wel‡q ewY©Z mybœvn kwiqvni AšÍf©y³ bq| ivm~j (m.)-Gi†mmKj K_v I KvR hv we‡kl Ae¯’vi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z, †hgbÑ hyׇKŠkj,kÎæcÿ‡K weåvšÍ Kivi †KŠkj, Avµg‡Yi mgqm~wP, Ae‡iva A_evAe‡iva Zz‡j †bqvÑ GmKj mvgwqK Ae¯’vaxb welqvejx kwiqvnfz³ bq|

Av‡iv wKQz welq Av‡Q hv ïay ivm~j (m.)-Gi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨| †hgbÑ Zvi¯¿xi msL¨v, †gvni e¨ZxZ we‡q, ivm~j (m.)-Gi ¯¿x‡`i cybwe©ev‡nwb‡lavÁv| KziAvb I mybœvni cÖK…wZMZ wfbœZv, mybœvni h_v_©Zv Ges mybœvn†h‡nZz KziAv‡bi we¯—…Z e¨vL¨v ZvB mybœvni Dci Aek¨B KziAv‡bi cÖvavb¨_vK‡e| hw` KL‡bv Df‡qi g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q Z‡e Aek¨B KziAvbcÖvavb¨ cv‡e| KL‡bvB mybœvni AbyK‚‡j KziAvb evwZj n‡e bv|

D‡jøL Kiv `iKvi †h, mybœvn †ewki fvM †ÿ‡ÎB KziAvb‡K mg_©b K‡i|mybœvn KziAv‡bi mvjvZ, RvKvZ, nR, my , †jb‡`bÑ Giƒc Av‡iv A‡bKwel‡q AwaKZi e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i Ges ¯úóZi K‡i †Zv‡j| mybœvniAv‡iKwU Ask n‡jv wfwËg~jK mybœvn ( Ñmybœvn Avj gyAvm&mvmvn)A_©vr †h weavb mybœvn‡ZB †Kej i‡q‡Q, †hgbÑ ¯¿x I Zvi Lvjv ev dzdz‡KGK‡Î weevn Kivi wb‡lavÁv A_ev m¤úwËi cÖvK µ‡qi AwaKvi (ïdv)BZ¨vw`i D‡jøL KziAv‡b cvIqv hvq bv| mybœvn Avj gyAvm&mvmvn KZ…©KcÖ`Ë wb‡lavÁv I Zvi AwaKv‡ii „óvšÍ KziAv‡b D‡jøL e¨ZxZ mybœvniwfwˇZB n‡q _v‡K|

nvw`m kv‡¯¿i we‡klÁiv msM„nxZ nvw`m‡K MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb †`evi c~‡e© msMÖ‡nimgqB mKj nvw`m‡K wbixÿY K‡i †`‡L‡Qb nvw`mmg~‡ni Bmbv`(eY©bvm~Î) h_v_© wK bv Ges GB wbixÿvi wfwˇZ nvw`mmg~n‡KÑ mwnn( ), nvmvb ( ), RBd ( ) ev `ye©j Ges gvIRy (ÑÑÑ) evev‡bvqvU GB Pvi fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb|

GL‡bv nvw`m kv‡¯¿i cybtwbixÿv Pjgvb| eZ©gvb kZ‡K bvwmiæwÏb

Avjevwb G wel‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb| hviv Aviwe‡Z cvi`kx©Zviv Avjevwbi wjwLZ MÖš’mg~n †`L‡Z cv‡ib| Gi evB‡iI Gg GgAvRwg iwPZ Ô÷vwWR Bb nvw`m †g_WjwRÕ †`L‡Z cv‡ib|

gyZvIqvwZi ( ) nvw`m cÖvq †ÿ‡ÎB aviYvMZfv‡e KvZC wn‡m‡ewe‡ewPZ nq ( ÑgyZvIqvwZi wej gvÕbv)|

wKQz nvw`m Av‡Q hv Aÿ‡i Aÿ‡i gyZvIqvwZi wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ (ÑgyZvIqvwZi wej jvdR)|

Av‡iv D‡jøL Kiv `iKvi †h gyZvIqvwZi nvw`‡mi eY©bvKvixi msL¨v A‡bKn‡q _v‡K Ges A‡bK mgq Zviv wewfbœ †jvKvj‡qi Awaevmx, ZvB wg_¨vD™¢ve‡bi m¤¢vebvI Kg| gyZvIqvwZi nvw`‡mi kZ©mg~n n‡jvÑ

1. AmsL¨ eY©bvKvix _vK‡e;

2. eY©bv cÖZ¨ÿ Áv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i n‡e;

3. eY©bv fvlvMZ w`K w`‡q ev Bmjv‡gi †gŠwjK‡Z¡i w`K w`‡qh_vh_ n‡e;

4. eY©bv mgKvjxb †MvÎxq I ivR‰bwZK cÖfvegy³ n‡e|

Dm~‡ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv‡`i g‡Z gyZvIqvwZi nvw`‡mi KZ…©Z¡ KziAv‡bimgZzj¨| gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m ¯úó (KvZC) Ges G nvw`‡mi A¯^xK…wZKziAvb A¯^xK…wZi mgZzj¨|

gvkûi nvw`m ej‡Z †evSvq †h nvw`‡mi eY©bvKvix wZbRb ev Z‡ZvwaKZ‡e AmsL¨ bv, wKš‘ cieZx©‡Z nvw`mwU eûj Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| AwaKvskAv‡jg‡`i g‡Z gvkûi nvw`m GK ai‡bi Avnv` ( ) nvw`m Ges GcÖKvi nvw`m ¯úó (KvZC) bq eis Abygvbg~jK (hv AKvU¨ Ávb cÖ`vbK‡i bv)|

Avnv` nvw`m: AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î GKRb mvnvev KZ…©K Gme nvw`m ewY©Zn‡q‡Q Ges yB-wZb cÖR‡b¥i Av‡M nvw`m¸‡jv cwiwPwZ cvq wb, hv †Kv‡bv¯úó Ávb †`q bv| AwaKvsk AvBbwe‡`i g‡Z hw` Avnv` nvw`m GKRbwek¦¯Í eY©bvKvixi gva¨‡g ewY©Z nq Z‡e nvw`mwU AvB‡bi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i|wKQz AvBb wekvi` hw`I Avnv` nvw`‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i kwiqvn weavb`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î gZvgZ w`‡q‡Qb, Z‡e AvwK`v (Cgvb) Ges n` (ÑBmjv‡gi `Êwewa) Avnv` nvw`‡mi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i bv|Bgvg gvwjK Ggb †Kv‡bv Avnv` nvw`‡mi Dci Av¯’v ¯’vcb K‡ib wb hvgw`bvi cÖwZwôZ cÖ_vi wecixZ| AwaKvsk Bgv‡gi g‡Z bxwZMZfv‡eAvnv` nvw`‡mi KZ…©Z¡ ZLbB _vK‡e hw` Zv GKRb wek¦¯Í eY©bvKvixi Øviv

8

ewY©Z nq| AwaKvsk Av‡jg g‡b K‡ib bv †h, Avnv` nvw`m ûeû GKRb†_‡K Ab¨R‡bi wbKU ewY©Z n‡Z n‡e| Avnv` nvw`‡mi AvswkKI ewY©Zn‡Z cv‡i hw` ewY©Z Ask mvgwMÖK nvw`mwUi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bv nq|

hw` †Kv‡bv nvw`m †ek wKQz eY©bvKvix Øviv ewY©Z nq, Kv‡iv eY©bv‡Z hw`Ab¨‡`i †P‡q AwZwi³ eY©bv ms‡hvwRZ _v‡K ZLb Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡e†h nvw`mwU GKB ˆeV‡K D”PvwiZ n‡qwQj wK bv? hw` ZvB nq Z‡eAwaKvsk eY©bvKvixi eY©bvq †hUv G‡m‡Q †mUv‡KB MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

gyËvwmj ( Ñwbiew”Qbœ) Ges MvBi Avj gyËvwmj ( Ñwew”Qbœnvw`m):

gyËvwmj ( Ñ wbiew”Qbœ): gyZvIqvwZi ( ), gvkûi ( ) GesAvnv` ( ) nvw`m hw` Awew”Qbœfv‡e ivm~j (m.) †_‡K ewY©Z nq Zvn‡jZv gyËvwmj ch©vqfz³|

MvBi Avj gyËvwmj ( Ñ wew”Qbœ) nvw`m: gyimvj ( ), gy vj () Ges gybKvZC ( ) MvBi Avj gyËvwmj ch©vqfz³ nvw`m|

gyimvj nvw`m: AwaKvsk Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z †h nvw`m mvnvevi bv‡gv‡jøLe¨ZxZ GKRb Zv‡ewq‡bi gyL n‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ZvB n‡jv gyimvj nvw`m|AwaKvsk Av‡jg gyimvj nvw`m‡K cÖvgvY¨ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib wb| BgvgAvng` Ges Bgvg kvwdC gyimvj nvw`‡mi Dci Av¯’v ¯’vcb K‡ib wb hw`bv nvw`mwU GKRb weL¨vZ Zv‡ewq KZ…©K ewY©Z bv nq Ges G †ÿ‡ÎIMÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e hw` KwZcq kZ© cvwjZ nq (Gme k‡Z©i D‡jøL Dm~‡jieBmg~‡n Av‡Q)| Ab¨w`‡K Bgvg Avey nvwbdv Ges Bgvg gvwjK Ab¨ `yBBgv‡gi †P‡q gyimvj nvw`m MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Kg K‡VviZv Aej¤^b K‡i‡Qb|

gybKvwZ ( ) nvw`m: †hmKj nvw`‡mi mb‡` GKRb eY©bvKvixi bvgAbycw¯’Z i‡q‡Q Zv‡K gybKvwZ ( ) nvw`m e‡j|

gy vj ( ) nvw`m: gy vj ( ) nvw`m n‡jv ZvB, †h nvw`‡mi mb‡`cici yRb eY©bvKvixi bvg Abycw¯’Z|

nvw`mmg~n‡K Avevi mwnn, nvmvb Ges RBd GB wZb fv‡MI fvM Kivn‡q‡Q|

mwnn ( ) nvw`m: †Kv‡bv nvw`m‡K mwnn ejv hv‡e (mwnn GB A‡_© †h,nvw`mwU eY©bvKvix AZ¨šÍ wek¦¯Í; GB A‡_© bq †h nvw`mwU me©vZ¥Kfv‡emwVK ev KvZC) hw` nvw`mwU AZ¨šÍ wek¦¯Í ( Ñ wmKvZzb mvweZzb)A_ev wek¦¯Í ( Ñ mvweZzb) eY©bvKvix Øviv ewY©Z nq|

nvmvb ( ) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m nvmvb e‡j M„nxZ n‡e hw`

eY©bvKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †KD mvw`K (mZ¨ev`x), mvw`K Bqvwng (mZ¨ev`xm‡Ë¡I fzj K‡i) Ges gvKeyj (Ggb e¨w³ †h Awek¦¯Í bq)-Gi wb‡P bvhvq|

RBd ( ) nvw`m: GKwU nvw`m RBd ( ) e‡j M„nxZ n‡e hw`eY©bvKvix‡`i g‡a¨ †KD gvRûj ( Ñ AcwiwPZ) A_ev dvwmK(ZvKIqvi †ÿ‡Î D`vmxb) e¨w³ _v‡K|

9

KziAvb I mybœvni e¨vL¨v

Dm~jyj wdKn ( )-Gi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv Bmjv‡gi†gŠwjK Drm KziAvb I mybœvn‡K wKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡e| KzivAvb Gesmybœvni cvV Ges cv‡Vi A_© †evSvi Rb¨B G e¨vL¨v †KŠkj Rvbv `iKvi|†Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` KziAvb I mybœvn‡K MfxiZifv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Pvq Z‡eZvi Aviwe fvlvi Ávb cÖ‡qvRb| GRb¨ Dm~jyj wdKni †jLKMY Dm~jyjwdKni cvV¨m~wP‡Z k‡ãi †kªwYwefvM ms‡hvwRZ K‡i‡Qb|

cvV (Text) ¯^qs hw` cÖgvY (û¾vn) n‡q _v‡K Z‡e mvaviYZ e¨vL¨v KivicÖqvm †bqv nq bv| hv‡nvK, wdKn A_ev AvB‡bi e„n`sk e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡gBiPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| GwU D‡jøL Kiv `iKvi †h Zvwej ( Ñ e¨vL¨v) GesZvdwmi ( ) GK welq bq|

Zvdwmi ( ): Zvdwm‡ii jÿ¨ n‡jv cÖ`Ë cv‡Vi A_© e¨vL¨v Kiv GesD³ cv‡Vi cwimxgv †_‡K AvB‡bi aviv †ei K‡i AšÍwb©wnZ fve cÖKvkKiv|

Zvwej ( Ñ e¨vL¨v): Zvwe‡ji jÿ¨ n‡jv cv‡Vi kvwãK A‡_©i evB‡i†h‡q Ges jy°vwqZ A_© †ei Kivi †Póv Kiv, hv cÖvqB AbygvbK…Z hyw³ GesBRwZnv‡`i Dci wbf©ikxj|

cv‡Vi cÖ‡Z¨KwU k‡ãi cÖK…Z ( Ñ gyZjvK), mvaviY ( Ñ Avg) GeskvwãK A_© mvaviYZ MÖnY Kiv nq|

Zvdwmi ZvkwiC: hw` KziAvb ev mybœvni GKvs‡ki e¨vL¨v ( Ñ Zvwej)KziAvb ev mybœvni Ab¨ Ask Øviv cÖ`vb Kiv nq Z‡e G‡K ZvdwmiZvkwiC e‡j Ges GB e¨vL¨vK…Z Ask‡K AcwieZ©bxq AvB‡bi Askwn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Z‡e hw` Zvdwmi A_ev Zvwej gZvgZ evBRwZnv‡`i ( ) iƒc †bq Z‡e G e¨vL¨vmg~n‡K Rvwbœ we‡ePbv Kiv nqGes Gi Øviv KL‡bv wKQz IqvwRe nq bv|

¯úó kã (AvjdvR Avj IqvwRnv): ب_©nxb kãmg~n‡K Pvi †kªwY‡Z fvMKiv n‡q‡Q| †kªwY PviwU n‡jvÑ

Rvwni ( ),

bvm ( ),

gydvm&mvi ( ) Ges

gyn&Kvg ( )|

Rvwni ( ): Rvwni n‡jv †mB ai‡bi kã hvi A_© ¯úó Ges ب_©nxb,Z_vwcI Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥y³ †Kb bv GmKj k‡ãi A_© cÖm‡½i mv‡_mvgÄm¨kxj bq|

bvm ( ): bvm n‡jv ب_©nxb ¯úó kã Ges cÖm‡½i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj|GwUI Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥y³|

Rvwni Avi bvm kã؇qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbf©i K‡i DwjøwLZ kãwUi A_©cÖm‡½i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj wK-bv wKsev kãwUi A_© gyL¨ bv †MŠY ZviDci| Rvwni Avi bvm kãmg~‡ni ¯úó A_© MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| wdKn kv‡¯¿ÔbvmÕ kãwUi c~e© Av‡jvwPZ A‡_©i evB‡i Av‡iKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© A‡_© e¨enviKiv nq, hvi A_© KziAvb Ges mybœvni wbw`©ó cvV (Text)| GLv‡b Aek¨G A‡_© bvm kãwU e¨eüZ nq wb|

gydvm&mvi ( ) Ges gynKvg ( ): gydvm&mvi (ب_©nxb) Ges gynKvg(cÖvÄj) kã ej‡Z †mme kãmg~n‡K †evSvq hv mvwe©Kfv‡e ¯úó GesG‡ÿ‡Î Zvwe‡ji Avkª‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| Rvwni Avi bvm kãmg~‡nimv‡_ gydvm&mvi Avi gynKvg kã؇qi cv_©K¨ GLv‡bB| ¯úóZvi w`K †_‡Kgydvm&mvi Avi gynKvg kã؇qi gv‡S †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| Z‡eAvBbwe`iv kã؇qi g‡a¨ wfbœZv Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb bvmL ( )-Gi†cÖwÿ‡Z| Gi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡jv Abrogation ev cwieZ©b-cwiea©bwKsev ms‡hvRb-we‡qvRb| AvBbwe`‡`i g‡Z gynKvg bvmL‡hvM¨ bq, Avigydvm&mvi bvmL‡hvM¨| Z‡e G cv_©‡K¨i Lye GKUv cÖv‡qvwMKZv †bB| †Kbbv GLb bZzb K‡i Avi bvm‡Li AeKvk †bB|

A¯úó kã: A¯úó kã ( Ñ Avj AvjdvR MvBi Iqvw`nvn)Pvi †kªwYfz³| h_v:

Lvwd ( Ñ `y‡e©va¨),

gykwKj ( Ñ Avqvmmva¨),

gyRgvj ( Ñ mswÿß A_©‡evaK) Ges

gyZvkvwen ( Ñ RwUj I cÖ”Qbœ)|

Lvwd ( ): Lvwdi D`vniY n‡jv mvwiKv ( Ñ Pzwi) kãwU AvswkKfv‡e

10

¯úó bq ev y‡e©va¨, †Kbbv Ôc‡KUgviÕ Pzwii ch©vqfz³ wK bv Zv †evaMg¨bq, wKš‘ GUv Rvbv AZ¨šÍ Riæwi| hw` Ôc‡KUgviÕ Pzwii AšÍf©y³ bv nq(GUvB AwaKvsk AvBbwe`‡`i gZ) Z‡e Ôc‡KUgviÕ n‡`i (KziAvb Gesmybœvn ewY©Z `Ðwewa AvBb) m¤§ywLb bv n‡q ZvwR‡ii (AvBb cÖ‡qvMKvix‡`iØviv cÖYxZ AvBb) m¤§ywLb n‡e|

gykwKj ( ): gykwKj k‡ãi GKvwaK A_© _v‡K| ZvB cv‡V¨i cÖK…Z A_©wbiƒc‡Yi Rb¨ BRwZnv` ( ) I Zvwe‡ji ( ) kiYvcbœ n‡Z nq(G‡ÿ‡Î GKvwaK gZvgZ _vK‡Z cv‡i)| gykwKj mnRvZfv‡e ب_©Kkã|

gyRgvj ( ): gyRgvj †mmKj kã I cvV‡K wb‡`©k K‡i hvmnRvZfv‡e A¯^”Q Ges †KvbwU mwVK A_© †m e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv wb‡`©kbvI†`q bv| gyRgvj k‡ãi bvbvwea A_© _vK‡Z cv‡i A_ev GwU GKwUAcwiwPZ kã n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc mvjvZ, nR, wiev Ges wmqvgkãmg~‡ni D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G kãmg~n Zv‡`i kvwãK A_© nvwi‡q†d‡j‡Q Ges eZ©gv‡b k㸇jv †UKwbK¨vj ev kiC A_© MÖnY K‡i‡Q|hv‡nvK, G kãmg~n cy‡ivcywi cwi®‹vi ( Ñ gydvm&mvi) iƒc cwiMÖnK‡i‡Q, †h‡nZz G e¨vcv‡i mybœvn‡Z h_vh_ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| 101bs m~ivi 1-5 bs Avqv‡Z DwjøwLZ ÔAvj KvwiqvnÕ kãwU gyRgvj k‡ãiD`vniY| kãwU KziAvb KZ…©K e¨vL¨vZ, d‡j Zv ¯úó iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i‡Q|hw` kãwUi cwic~Y© e¨vL¨v Avjøvn KZ…©K cÖ`vb Kiv bv n‡Zv Z‡e gyRgvjkãwU gykwKj e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡Zv Ges BRwZnv` I Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ kãwUDb¥y³ _vK‡Zv|

gyZvkvwen ( Ñ RwUj I cÖ”Qbœ): gyZvkvwen (RwUj) n‡jv Ggb kã hviA_© inm¨gq| nidzj gyKvËvAvZ ( ) h_v Avwjd jvg wgg n‡jvgyZvkvwenvZ kãmg~‡ni D`vniY| †KDB Gme k‡ãi A_© Rv‡b bv| A‡bKwe‡klÁ KziAv‡bi †hmKj Avqv‡Z gvby‡li mv‡_ Avjøvni mv „k¨ Avbvn‡q‡Q †mmKj AvqvZ‡K gyZvkvwen ch©vqfz³ e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb|Avevi wKQz we‡kl‡Ái g‡Z nidzj gyKvËvqvZMZ e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bv kãgyZvkvwen ch©vqfz³ bq| AvBb iwPZ nq Ggb cv‡V gyZvkvwen kã †bB|

k‡ãi GKcÖKvi fvM n‡”Q Avg Ges Lvm| e¨env‡ii „wó‡KvY †_‡Kkãmg~n‡K Avg Ges Lvm yB fv‡M web¨vm Kiv hvq|

Avg ( Ñ mvaviY): Avg n‡”Q †mmKj kã hvi GKwU gvÎ A_© _v‡K Geshv A‡bK msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv nq| cwigvY msL¨v Øviv G e¨envimxgvwqZ bq Ges †hmKj wel‡q kãwU cÖ‡hvR¨ Zvi mKj‡KB kãwU aviY

K‡i| Avg ch©vqfz³ k‡ãi D`vniY n‡jv Bbmvb ( )Ñ evsjvq gvbyl|hLb Aviwe‡Z Avj ( ) AvwU©‡KjwU †Kv‡bv we‡kl¨ c‡`i c~‡e© e¨eüZnq ZLb we‡kl¨ c`wU Avg e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| Aviwe fvlvq Rvwg (Ñ mKj), Kvd&dv (---Ñ mKj), Kzjøy ( Ñ mKj) kãÎq hw` Ab¨ †Kv‡bvkãmg~‡ni c~‡e© ev c‡i e¨eüZ nq ZLb Zv Avg e‡j cwiMwYZ nq|D`vniY¯^iƒc GKwU nvw`‡mi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; †hgb

(jv `vivi Iqvjv w`iviv wdj Bmjvg)| A_©Ñ Bmjv‡gKó †`qv Ges Kó MÖnY †bB| hLb †Kv‡bv Av‡`k Avg k‡ãi e¨envi‡hv‡MKiv nq ZLb Av‡`kwU cÖ‡hvR¨ mKj †ÿ‡ÎB Av‡ivwcZ n‡e| Av‡gi †ÿÎwba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ ïay fvlvi e¨vKi‡Yi w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡jB Pj‡e bv eisev¯ÍweK †ÿ‡Î gvby‡li e¨env‡ii w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Ges hw` KL‡bve¨vKiY ixwZ I e¨envwiK ixwZi g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv †`q †m‡ÿ‡Îe¨envwiK ixwZB cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| Avg kã wZb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| h_v:

1. mvwe©Kfv‡e mvaviY ( ) gv wgb `veŸvwZb (û`:6)

2. Avg hv Avm‡j _vgv (Avj Bgivb:97)

3. Avg hv ........ we‡klvwqZ Kiv nq (evKviv: 228,Avnhve:49)|

&Aviwe‡Z ÔwZwbÕ kãwU Lvm, Z‡e kZ©v‡ivwcZ ev‡K¨ kãwU e¨eüZ n‡jkãwU Avg n‡q hvq (KziAvb 2:185, 4:92)|

Lvm ( Ñ wbw`©ó): Lvm Ggb kã hv mxwgZ msL¨vi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq Z‡ee¨eüZ †ÿ‡Îi mKj wKQz‡KB AšÍf©y³ K‡i| †hgbÑ GK, yB, GKkZ,Bgivb, GKwU †Nvov, GKRb gvbylÑ GmKj kã Lvm k‡ãi D`vniY|AvBbMZ †h weavb ev wb‡`©k mywbw`©ó avivq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡ÎZv wbw`©ó Ges Zvwe‡ji Rb¨ Db¥y³ bq| G e¨vcv‡i HKgZ¨ n‡”Q Lvmn‡jv KvZC A_©vr Gi A_© Ges cÖ‡qvM †h †Kv‡bv m‡›`‡ni D‡aŸ©| D‡jøLKiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, KziAvb I nvw`‡mi e¨eüZ 99 fvM kãB Avg ( )|

Av‡jgMY Avg kãwU Rvwbœ bv KvZC G e¨vcv‡i wfbœgZ †cvlY K‡ib|AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Avg n‡jv Rvwbœ, Z‡e Ab¨‡`i g‡Z Avg n‡jv KvZC| GgZwe‡iv‡ai djvdj cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq Avg I Lv‡mi we‡iv‡ai †ÿ‡Î|GKB wel‡q KziAvb I mybœvn‡Z ywU wfbœ eY©bv cvIqv †M‡j Ges eY©bvywUi GKwU Avg I Ab¨wU Lvm n‡j AwaKvsk Av‡j‡gi g‡Z Lvm cÖvavb¨

cv‡e| Ab¨ As‡ki g‡Z Avg Lvm Øviv we‡klvwqZ n‡e|

AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Lvm n‡jv KvZC, Avg KvZC bq| Gi d‡j Lvm Av‡giDci cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| msL¨vjNy As‡ki g‡Z AvgI KvZC Ges ZvB ywU

11

weavb hw` mg‡qi µgvbymv‡i mgvšÍivj nq Z‡e Avg Lvm Øviv we‡klvwqZn‡e| Lvm i` n‡q hv‡e hw` Av‡gi DrcwË c‡i nq| Avg AvswkKfv‡ewe‡klvwqZ n‡e hw` Lv‡mi DrcwË c‡i nq| AwaKvs‡ki gZvbymv‡i GKwUAvg cÖ¯Ívebv GKwU wbf©i‡hvM¨ ev KvZC evK¨vsk Øviv we‡klvwqZ n‡Zcv‡i Ges GB evK¨vskwU GKB cv‡Vi ev Avqv‡Zi wKsev Ab¨ †Kv‡bvAvqv‡ZI n‡Z cv‡i| Avi G mewKQz m¤¢e BmwZmbv ( e¨wZµg,D`vniYÑ KziAvb, 2:282), Kvq` (kZ©, D`vniYÑ KziAvb, 4:12),wmdvZ ( ¸Y, D`vniYÑ KziAvb, 4:23), Mvqvn (cÖ‡qv‡Mi mxgv,D`vniYÑ KziAvb, 5:6) BZ¨vw`i ga¨ w`‡q|

Av‡gi djvdj n‡jv GUv mvaviYB _vK‡e, hw` bv Avg‡K we‡klvwqZ Kivnq| GgbwK AvswkK we‡klvwqZ Kivi ciI Awe‡klvwqZ As‡ki Rb¨AvgB we‡eP¨| Av‡gi ZvLwmm (mxgve×Zv) _vKzK ev bv _vKzKAwaKvs‡ki g‡Z mvwe©Kfv‡e Avg Abygvb‡hvM¨ (Rvwbœ) Ges Avg Zvwe‡jiRb¨ Db¥y³|

k‡ãi Ab¨cÖKvi fvM n‡”Q gyZjvK Ges gyKvq¨v`|

gyZjvK ( ) : gyZjvK Ggb kã wb‡`©k K‡i hv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡ÎmxgvwqZ bq| hLb Avgiv ewj ÔGKwU eBÕ G K_vwU †Kv‡bv iKgmxgve×Zv Qvov †h †Kv‡bv eB‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq| gyZjvK n‡jvAmxgvwqZ kã|

gyKvq¨v` ( ) : hLb gyZjvK kã Ab¨ kã ev kãm¤¢vi Øviv mxwgZ(qualified) nq ZLb kãwU gyKvq¨v` n‡q hvq| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq,ÔGKwU jvj eBÕ| Avg I Lvm †hLv‡b k‡ãi cwiwa wb‡q ch©v‡jvPbv K‡igyZjvK I gyKvq¨v` †mLv‡b k‡ãi cÖ‡qv‡Mi mxgv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i(hw`I gyZjv‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡gi I gyKvq¨v‡`i mv‡_ Lv‡mi mv „k¨ Av‡Q)|gyZjv‡Ki GKwU D`vniY n‡jv Ô`vm gy³ K‡i `vIÕ (KziAvb, 5:92)|gyKvq¨v‡`i D`vniY n‡jv Ôgywgb (wek¦vmx) `vm gy³ K‡i `vIÕ (KziAvb,4:92)|

cÖ‡qv‡Mi w`K †_‡K gyZjvK mvwe©K hw` bv mxgvwqZ n‡q _v‡K| hLbgyZjvK gyKvq¨v` wn‡m‡e mxgvwqZ n‡e ZLb mxgvwqZ fvl¨ cÖvavb¨ cv‡e(KziAvb, 5:3 Ges 6:145)| GKB wel‡q hw` ywU fvl¨ _v‡KÑ GKwUgyZjvK Ab¨wU gyKvq¨v` Ges Gi †cÖwÿ‡Z ivq I Kvh©Ki‡Yi wfbœZv †`Lv†`q Z‡e ywU fvl¨B Kvh©Ki n‡e Ges †Kv‡bvwU mxgvwqZ n‡e bv| GwUBAwaKvs‡ki gZ|

k‡ãi Ab¨cÖKvi fvM n‡”Q nvwKwK ( kvwãK) Ges gvRvwR (

iƒcK)| mvaviYfv‡e kãmg~n kvwãK A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| kvwãK A_© iƒcKA‡_©i †P‡q †ewk cÖvavb¨ cv‡e we‡kl K‡i AvBbMZ †ÿ‡Î| KziAv‡biAwaKvsk AskB kvwãK Z‡e iƒcK AskI KziAv‡b Av‡Q| D`vniY¯^iƒcKziAv‡bi 40:13 bs Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv hvq| GLv‡b ejv n‡”Q, ÔAvjøvnRxweKv AvKvk †_‡K bvwRj K‡ibÕ, hvi A_© n‡e e„wó| hw` †Kv‡bv †ÿ‡ÎiƒcK A_© cÖvavb¨ cvq Z‡e †m‡ÿ‡Î iƒcK A_© kvwãK A‡_©i †P‡q †ewkcÖvavb¨ cv‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq Zvjv‡Ki ( ) kvwãK A_©(wewawb‡la †_‡K gyw³), i` n‡q iƒcK A_© M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| D‡jøL¨ †hKziAvb I mybœvni e¨eüZ 99 fvM kã nvwKwK|

Av‡iK cÖKvi fvM n‡”Q mwin ( ) Ges wKbvqv ( c‡ivÿ)|

mwin ( mivmwi): mwin n‡jv Ggb kã hvi A_© RwUjZvnxb Gesmivmwi| GmKj k‡ãi A_© e³vi wbKU wKsev †jL‡Ki wbKU Rvb‡ZPvIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|

wKbvqv ( c‡ivÿ) : wKbvqv n‡jv Ggb e³e¨ hv e³vi D‡Ïk¨ e¨³K‡i bv, G‡ÿ‡Î †kªvZv‡K e³vi cÖK…Z D‡Ïk¨ Rvbevi Rb¨ cybivq e¨vL¨vPvIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| D`vniY¯^iƒc ¯^vgx ¯¿x‡K ej‡jv BZvwÏ (MYbv ïiæKi)| Gi Øviv ZvjvK eySvq bv, †Kbbv fve cwi®‹vi bq| G‡ÿ‡Î e³v‡KZvi D‡Ïk¨ wRÁvmv Kiv n‡e|

gykZvivK ( ): gykZvivK kã n‡jv Ggb kã hvi GKvwaK A_© Av‡Q|ÔAvBbÕ ( ) kãwU gykZvivK kã| Aviwe fvlvq G kãwU Øviv †PvL,SY©v, ¸ßPi BZ¨vw` †evSvq| Giƒc GKvwaK A_© nevi KviY n‡Z cv‡iwewfbœ mg‡q Gme A‡_© wKsev iƒcK A‡_© gykZvivK k‡ãi e¨envi|AvBb`vZvi D‡Ïk¨ Giƒc bq †h, kwiqvni Av‡`k wKsev wb‡la Ggbfv‡eewY©Z n‡e hvi A_© GKvwaK n‡e| gykZvivK kã cÖK…wZMZ w`K †_‡KgykwKj cÖK…wZi Ges ïaygvÎ we‡klÁ‡`i c‡ÿB mwVK A_© wbiƒcY Kivm¤¢e| gyRZvwn`iv (we‡klÁiv) Gi A_© wbiƒc‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wfbœgZ †cvlYKi‡Z cv‡ib|

Avj `vjvjvn: cvV (Text)-Gi A_© we‡kølY Kivi Rb¨ cÖavbZ ywU avivcÖPwjZ Av‡Q| GKwU n‡”Q nvbvdx gZ, Ab¨wU n‡”Q kvwdC gZ| GB yBavivi g‡a¨ †gŠwjK †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB| nvbvdx avivi Dm~wjqvb‡`i g‡ZcvV ev Text we‡kølY K‡i PviwU c×wZ‡Z AvBb †ei Kiv nq| h_v:

BevivZzb bvm ( ): BevivZzb bvm n‡jv Ggb kã hvi A_©Aek¨¤¢vexiƒ‡c cvV †_‡K ü`q½g Kiv hvq Ges kãwU cv‡Vi g~jwelqe¯‘iB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| †hgb Ryqv wbwl× nIqvi weavb| kwiq‡Zi

12

AwaKvsk weavb BevivZzb bvm ch©vqfz³ cvV †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q|BevivZzb bvm †_‡K M„nxZ weav‡bi ûKzg KvZC ch©vqfz³ Ges GmKjweav‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv mg_©bKvix mv‡ÿ¨i cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|

BkvivZzb bvm ( ): wØZxq ch©vqfz³ kãmg~n n‡jv BkvivZzb bvm|G kãmg~‡ni Bw½Zc~Y© wKsev c‡ivÿ A_© _v‡K| G ch©vqfz³ AvqvZ n‡jv2:236| mvaviYZ weev‡ni c~‡e©B †gvnivbv wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| Z‡e GAvqv‡Zi Mfxi AbymÜvb aviYv †`q †gvnivbv wba©viY e¨wZ‡i‡K weev‡niPzw³ m¤¢e| †m‡ÿ‡Î Aek¨ c‡i †gvni wVK Ki‡Z n‡e (KziAvb, 4:4)|

`vjvjvZzb bvm ( ): Z…Zxq ch©vqfz³ kãmg~n n‡jv `vjvjvZzb bvm|G c×wZ‡Z cv‡Vi cÖK…Z fve Ges hyw³i Av‡jv‡K kãmg~‡ni A_© wba©viYKiv nq, hw`I M„nxZ A‡_©i Bw½Z cv‡V D‡jøL bvI _v‡K| KziAv‡bi17:23 bs Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b e„×eqmx evev-gvimv‡_ ÔDd&Õ kãwU D”PviY Ki‡Z wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| welqwU ïay Dd& k‡ãig‡a¨ mxgve× _vK‡e bv eis evev-gvi mv‡_ †Kv‡bviƒc Lvivc AvPiY Kivhv‡e bvÑ GwUB D³ Avqv‡Zi g~j e³e¨|

BKwZ`vDb bvm ( ): PZz_© ch©vqfz³ kãmg~n n‡jv BKwZ`vDbbvm| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i e¨vcv‡i cvV wbðzc _v‡K, Z_vwcI h_vh_D‡Ïk¨ c~iYv‡_© cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© Abygvb K‡i wb‡Z nq| D`vniY¯^iƒcKziAv‡bi 4:23 Avqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b gv I Kb¨v‡Kweevn Kivi †ÿ‡Î wb‡la Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b gvZv I Kb¨v ej‡Z wbR¯¿xi Kb¨v ev gv‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| hw` †Kv‡bv wel‡q ch©vqMZ we‡iva†`Lv †`q Z‡e c~e©eZx© ch©v‡qi weavb cieZx© ch©v‡qi weav‡bi DcicÖvavb¨ cv‡e| †hgb BevivZzb bvm, BkvivZzb bv‡mi Dci cÖvavb¨ cv‡e|G n‡”Q nvbvdx Dm~j we‡klÁ‡`i gZ|

Dm~‡ji kvwdC Ijvgviv cv‡Vi (Text) cÖ‡qvM‡K cÖavbZ yB fv‡M fvMK‡i‡Qb| h_v: `vjvjvZzj gvbZzK ( Ñ D”PvwiZ A_©) Ges`vjvjvZzj gvdûg ( Ñ AšÍwb©wnZ A_©)|

`vjvjvZzj gvbZzK ( Ñ D”PvwiZ A_©): `vjvjvZzj gvbZzK‡KAvevi `vjvjvZzj BKwZ`v ( Ñ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©) Ges `vjvjvZzjBkviv ( Ñ c‡ivÿ A_©)Ñ GB yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|

`vjvjvZzj gvdûg ( Ñ AšÍwb©wnZ A_©): `vjvjvZzj gvdûg‡KAvevi gvdûgyj gyqvdvKvwZ ( Ñ mvgÄm¨kxj A_©) Ges gvdûgyjgyLZvwjdvwZ ( Ñ wecixZ A_©) G yBfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|

kvwdC Ijvgviv gvdûg Avj gyLZvwjdv kãv_©‡K MÖnY K‡ib bv hw` bv

Zv‡Z KqwU kZ© c~iY nq| kvwdC Ijvgviv wmdvZ ( Ñ ¸Yvejx), kiZ( Ñ kZ©) Ges Mvqv ( Ñ †SuvK)Ñ GmKj †ÿ‡Î wewawb‡la Av‡ivcK‡i‡Qb|

nvbvdx Ijvgviv gvdûgyj gyLZvwjdvwZ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î kvwdC‡`i †P‡q†ewk K‡Vvi| nvbvdxiv GmKj †ÿ‡Î Ggb †Kv‡bv A_© MÖnY K‡ib bv hvcv‡Vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj bq| KziAvb Ges mybœvni e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î†Kv‡bvfv‡eB nvbvdxiv gvdûgyj gyLZvwjdvwZ c×wZ‡Z A_© MÖnY K‡ibbv|

13

Av‡`k, wb‡lavÁv I i`

Av‡`k ( ): Av‡`k‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i DaŸ©Zb KZ©„c‡ÿiwbKU †_‡K Aat¯Íb KZ…©c‡ÿi wbKU wKQz Kivi †gŠwLK `vwe wn‡m‡e|Av‡`k bvbvb ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| Av‡`k gv‡bB G‡ÿ‡Î KZ©„‡Z¡i e¨Äbv_vK‡e| Aviwe ixwZ Abyhvqx wKQz †ÿ‡Î wbQK AZxZKv‡j ewY©Z †Kv‡bve³e¨ †Kv‡bv wKQz Kievi Rb¨ Av‡`k wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i(KziAvb, 2:178)| ˆbwZK Aciv‡ai wb›`v wn‡m‡eI KziAvv‡bi ûKzgbvwRj n‡Z cv‡i (KziAvb, 2:189)| KziAv‡bi Av‡`k †Kv‡bv cyi®‹vi Ikvw¯Íi cÖwZkÖæwZ cÖ`vb wn‡m‡eI Avm‡Z cv‡i (KziAvb, 4:10-14)|

¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ n‡jv, GKwU Av‡`‡k wK _v‡K? Av‡`k cvjb wKeva¨Zvg~jK, mycvwikg~jK A_ev ïayB AbygwZ bvwK Av‡`k Øviv Gi meBeySvq? AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z Av‡`k Øviv eva¨evaKZvB †evSv‡bv nq hw` bvG‡ÿ‡Î Ab¨ wKQz Kivi my‡hvM _v‡K| †KD †KD ej‡Z Pvb †h, Av‡`‡kiØviv ïay eva¨evaKZv Ges mycvwik wb‡`©k K‡i| Ab¨ A‡b‡K e‡jb Av‡`kØviv ïay †Kv‡bvwKQz Kivi AbygwZ †evSvq| cwi®‹vifv‡e ej‡Z †M‡jej‡Z nq, AwaKvs‡ki gZvgZB h_v_© Ges †hŠw³K| A_©vr Av‡`k Øvivg~jZ eva¨evaKZv †evSvq, e¨wZµg Qvov|

Av‡`k Øviv †Kv‡bvmgq AbygwZ (Permission) †evSv‡Z cv‡i|D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, KziAv‡b hLb ejv nq ÔLvI Ges cvb KiÕ(KziAvb, 7:31), ZLb eY©bv †_‡K aviYv cvIqv hvq †h GwU wbQKBAbygwZ| Abyiƒc D`vniY cvIqv hvq KziAv‡bi 5:2 bs Ges 62:10 bsAvqv‡Z| wKQz †ÿ‡Î Av‡`k Øviv mycvwik Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb KziAv‡bi2:282 bs AvqvZ| ¯^ímsL¨K †ÿ‡Î Av‡`k Øviv ûgwK cÖ`k©b Kivn‡q‡Q| †hgb †Kv‡bv we‡kl wKQz KvR †_‡K weiZ _vKevi Dc‡`kmsewjZ AvqvZ (KziAvb, 24:33) Ges Av‡`k Øviv Av‡e`b ev cÖv_©bv†evSv‡Z cv‡i (KziAvb, 2:286)| hv‡nvK, Av‡`k Øviv g~jZeva¨evaKZv‡K wb‡`©k Kiv nq (diR, IqvwRe)| GwU wbf©i K‡i cvV GesGi A_© y‡UvB KvZC wKsev KvZC wKbv Zvi Dci|

AwaKvsk Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib †h †Kv‡bv wb‡l‡ai ci Av‡`k Avm‡j †KejAbygwZ †evSvq, eva¨Zvg~jK bq (KziAvb, 5:2 Ges 62:10)|AwaKvs‡ki Av‡iKwU gZ n‡jvÑ †Kv‡bv Av‡`k gvÎ GKevi cvjb Kiveva¨Zvg~jK, hw` bv evievi Av‡`kwU c~i‡Yi KviY _v‡K| hLb kZ©mv‡c‡ÿ Av‡`k Rvwi nq ZLb kZ©c~iY gvÎB Av‡`kwU cvjb Kiveva¨Zvg~jK (KziAvb, 5:6)|

wb‡la ( Ñ bvwn): Av‡`‡ki wVK wecixZ n‡jv wb‡la| †Kv‡bv wKQz bvKivi `vweB n‡jv wb‡la| wb‡l‡ai aib wee„wZi AvKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i(KziAvb, 2:221) A_ev n‡Z cv‡i Av‡`‡ki fw½‡Z wKQz bv Kivi Rb¨(KziAvb, 22:30, 62:9)| wb‡la n‡Z cv‡i mvwe©K wb‡la (Zvnwig),A_ev c_wb‡`©kbvg~jK (Bikv`), A_ev n‡Z cv‡i fr©mbvg~jK (Zvw`e)|wb‡la hv wZi®‹vi wb‡`©k K‡i KziAv‡b Zvi D‡jøL Av‡Q (KziAvb, 5:87)|ˆbwZK c_wb‡`©kbvg~jK wb‡l‡ai D‡jøL †`Lv hvq KziAv‡bi 5:104 bsAvqv‡Z| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z wb‡la g~jZ Zvnwig ch©v‡qi hw` bv Ab¨†Kv‡bviKg wPšÍv Kivi g‡Zv Bw½Z _v‡K|

†Kv‡bv KvR (AvbyôvwbK Bev`Z e¨ZxZ) hw` wbR¯^ Kvi‡Y wbwl× bv n‡qeis ewnf‚©Z †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Y wbwl× nq Z‡e kvwdC gZvbyhvqx GwU i` (ÑÑÑÑ evwZj) n‡q hvq Ges nvbvdx gZvbyhvqx GwU dvwm` e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|evwZj A_© GwU Avi ms‡kvab Kiv hv‡e bv| dvwm` A_© mwnn nIqvi Rb¨wKQz kZ© c~iY Kiv nq wb Ges Zv c~iY Ki‡j welqwU mwnn n‡q hv‡e|A_©vr dvwm` ms‡kvab‡hvM¨| wKš‘ Bev`Z msµvšÍ wel‡q G Ae¯’vb wfbœ|G‡ÿ‡Î dvwm` I evwZj mgch©vqfz³| Ab¨ K_vqÑ GLv‡b ïay evwZjN‡U, dvwm` nq bv|

wb‡lavÁv cvjb AZ¨vek¨Kxq Ges hLbB G Av‡`k †g‡b Pjv cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡eZLbB Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| wb‡lavÁv hw` kZ© mv‡cÿ nq Z‡e hLbB kZ©eZ©gvb n‡e ZLbB wb‡lavÁv Kvh©Ki n‡e|

bvm&L ( Ñ i`): kvwãK A‡_© bvm&L& A_© n‡jv we‡jvc mvab| bvm&L‡KmsÁvwqZ Kiv nq kwiqvni GKwU weavb Ab¨ GKwU weavb Øviv evwZjnIqv ev cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nIqv Øviv| GKgvÎ weavbvejxi †ÿ‡ÎB bvm&L Kvh©Kinq, wek¦v‡mi welqe¯‘i †ÿ‡Î bq| bvm&L Kvh©Ki nq ïaygvÎÑ

Ñhw` y‡Uv weav‡bi gvb GKBiKg kw³kvjx nq;

Ñweavb y‡Uv hw` wfbœ cv‡V (Text) D‡jøwLZ nq;

Ñweavb y‡Uvi g‡a¨ hw` cÖK…Z we‡iva _v‡K Ges †Kv‡bvfv‡eB

14

mgš^q m¤¢e bv nq; Ges

Ñweavb y‡Uv yB mgqKv‡ji nq|

wKQz Ijvgv ¯^xKvi K‡ib bv †h KziAv‡bi †Kv‡bv AvqvZ i` ev evwZjn‡q‡Q| G †kªwYfz³ Av‡jg‡`i g‡Z KziAv‡bi 2:106 bs Avqv‡ZD‡jøwLZ i` m¤úwK©Z e³e¨ KziAv‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq eis c~e©eZx©wKZv‡ei Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| Zviv Av‡iv e‡jbÑ KziAv‡bi Z_vKw_Z we‡iv‡aimgš^q mvab m¤¢e| gynv¤§` Avmv` Ges gvIjvbv AvKig Luv Zv‡`iKziAv‡bi Zvdwm‡i D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb KziAv‡bi †Kv‡bv bvm&L †bB| cÖL¨vZBmjvwgK ¯‹jvi W. Ave yj nvwg` Avey my‡jgvb g‡b K‡ibÑ cÖv_wgKhy‡Mi Ijvgviv bvm&L‡K BwZnv‡mi cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi Av‡jv‡K bv †`‡L¯’vqx gZev‡`i gh©v`v cÖ`vb K‡i fzj K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g‡b K‡ib †h bvm&‡Lie¨envi ïaygvÎ cwi®‹vi †ÿ‡Î mxgve× _vKv `iKviÑ †hgb wKejvcwieZ©b|

AwaKvsk Av‡j‡gi g‡Z KziAvb I mybœvni †ÿ‡Î bvm&L Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q|Zv‡`i g‡Z BRgv ( ) Øviv KziAv‡bi †Kv‡bv weavb i` ( ) nq bv|KziAvb I mybœvni †Kv‡bv cvV‡K wKqvmI cÖwZ¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| BgvgkvwdCi g‡Z yB ai‡bi bvm&L Av‡Q:

ÑKziAvb Øviv KziAvb i`; Ges

Ñmybœvni Øviv mybœvn i`|

Ab¨‡`i g‡Z Pvi ai‡bi bvm&L Av‡Q:

ÑKziAvb Øviv KziAvb;

Ñmybœvni Øviv KziAvb;

ÑKziAvb Øviv mybœvn; Ges

Ñmybœvn Øviv mybœvn|

Z‡e GUvB mwVK gZ e‡j g‡b nq hv W. Ave yj nvwg` e‡j‡Qb| wb‡Pi†ÿθ‡jv‡Z Gi evB‡i Av‡iK ai‡bi †kªwY wefvRb Av‡Q|

Ñbvm&Lyj ûK&g ( ) ev weavb iwnZKiY;

Ñbvm&Lyj wKivAvn ( ) ev cv‡Vi iwnZKiY; Ges

Ñbvm&Lyj ûKwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ( ) ev weavb I cvVDfqB iwnZKiY|

bvm&Lyj ûK&g ej‡Z †evSvq weavbwU evwZj n‡q‡Q wKš‘ cvVwU i‡q †M‡Q|bvm&Lyj wKivAvn ej‡Z †evSvq cvVwU i` n‡q †M‡Q wKš‘ weavbwU i‡q

†M‡Q| bvm&Lyj ûKwg IqvZ wZjvIqvn ej‡Z †evSvq cvV Ges weavbDfqB evwZj n‡q †M‡Q| Dc‡ii wZbwU †kªwYKi‡Yi g‡a¨ bvm&Lyj ûK‡giwKQz wfwË Av‡Q wKš‘ evwK y‡Uvi wfwË LyeB ye©j| mvB‡q¨` Aveyj AvjvgI ~ x Zvi Ôivmv‡qj Iqv gvmv‡qjÕ MÖ‡š’ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †Kb bvm&LyjwKivAvn MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|

bvm&L ( ) Ges ZvLwm‡mi (mvaviY cv‡Vi we‡klvqY A_ev ¸Yv‡ivc)g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| ZvLwmm bvm&L bq| GUv n‡”Q Avg‡K we‡klvwqZKiv| Av‡iKwU wePvh© welq n‡jv ZvwR` (ms‡hvRb) evwZj‡hvM¨ wKbv?AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z DËi n‡jvÑ bv, Ges G gZB h_v_©|

m‡e©vcwi Avwg g‡b Kwi GB mKj wel‡q W. Ave yj nvwg` Avey my‡jgv‡biAwfgZ we‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L|

15

BRgv

Aviwe kã ÔAvRAvgvÕ-Gi we‡kl¨ iƒc n‡jv BRgv ( )| kãwUi y‡UvA_© Av‡Q| cÖ_gZ, †Kv‡bv wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv Ges wØZxqZ g‰Z‡K¨†cuŠQv‡bv| KziAvb I mybœvni ci BRgv‡K Bmjvgx kwiq‡Zi Z…Zxq cÖgvYev mvÿ¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| BRgv kwiq‡Zi †hŠw³K mvÿ¨| GKA_ev KwZcq we‡klÁ KZ…©K M„nxZ BRwZnv` ev e¨vL¨v hLbmve©Rbxbfv‡e M„nxZ nq Zv-B BRgv|

Dm~‡ji we‡klÁMY BRgvi †h e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡jvÑ gymwjgwe‡k¦i mKj we‡klÁ †Kv‡bv wel‡q mvwe©Kfv‡e HKgZ¨ †cvlY Ki‡j ZvP‚ovšÍ BRgv e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| cÖv_wgK hy‡Mi Dm~wjDb‡`i g‡Z GKgvÎGBiƒc P‚ovšÍ BRgvB mK‡ji Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK| hv‡nvK, Giƒc mvwe©KBRgvi NUbv LyeB weij| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó wel‡q hv BRwZnv` ev Zvwe‡jiRb¨ Db¥y³ †m‡ÿ‡Î BRgvi NUbv NUv cÖK…ZB y®‹i|

we‡klÁiv BRgvi †h D`vniY¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡ib Zv n‡jv mvnvweMY KZ…©KM„nxZ BRgv| Dm~‡ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib †h BRgv `Ð (û y )Bev`vn I AvwK`v msµvšÍ wel‡q n‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_g BRgv M„nxZ nqmvnvwe‡`i gv‡S| wKQz wel‡q gymwjg D¤§vni gv‡S GKZv eRvq ivLeviRb¨ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q BRgv mnvqZv K‡i| †Kv‡bv weav‡bi KZ…©Z¡ BRgvigva¨‡g e„w×cªvß nq| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv wel‡q Av‡jg‡`i gv‡SHKgZ¨ BRgvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq| H mg‡qi mKj Ijvgv cwi®‹vigZvg‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡e| mKj gyRZvwn‡`i m¤§wZiwfwˇZB BRgv cÖwZwôZ, hw`I A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib mK‡j bq AwaKvs‡kim¤§wZ‡ZB BRgv cÖwZwôZ n‡e|

AwaKvs‡ki m¤§wZ kwiqvn AvB‡bi GKwU `wjj n‡Z cv‡i wKš‘ Zveva¨Zvg~jK bq| †Kbbv eva¨Zvg~jK BRgvi Rb¨ nvw`‡m †hmKj k‡Z©iD‡jøL Av‡Q Zv c~iY n‡Z n‡e (mKj gvby‡li BRgv, wb‡`bc‡ÿ mKjwe‡kl‡Ái m¤§wZ)|

mKj IjvgvB g‡b K‡ib †h BRgv cÖwZôvi ¯^c‡ÿ cvVMZ (Textual) †h

cÖgvY eZ©gvb †_‡K P‚ovšÍ MY¨ Kiv hvq bv| BRgvi ¯^c‡ÿ †hmKjAvqv‡Zi D‡jøL Kiv nq (KziAvb, 4:59, 4:83, 4:115) Zvi †Kv‡bvwU†_‡KB BRgv cÖwZôvi Rb¨ P‚ovšÍ wm×všÍ †bqv hvq bv| Bgvg Mv¾vwjGmKj AvqvZ‡K BRgv cÖwZôvi c‡ÿ Bw½Zc~Y© Z‡e P‚ovšÍ bq e‡j D‡jøLK‡i‡Qb| Bgvg myqywZi e¨vL¨vI Abyiƒc| Bgvg gynv¤§` Ave yû GmKjAvqv‡Z BRgv cÖwZôvi ¯^c‡ÿ †Kv‡bv Bw½Z Lyu‡R cvb wb| Avj Avwgw`e‡j‡Qb, ÔGmKj AvqvZ m¤¢vebvi m„wó K‡i, †Kv‡bv Ávb `vb K‡i bv|Õ

cÖvq `kwU nvw`m BRgvi ¯^c‡ÿ D‡jøL Kiv nq| Avn‡g` nvmv‡bich©‡eÿY n‡jv BRgvi ¯^c‡ÿ GmKj nvw`m AKvU¨ bq| eo msL¨KIjvgv (kvwdC Ges gyZvwRjvcš’x) g‡b K‡ib Ijvgv‡`i msL¨vwaK¨ Ges~i‡Z¡i e¨vcKZvi Kvi‡Y GLb Avi BRgv cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e bq| G Kvi‡Y

Bgvg kvwdC eva¨evaKZvg~jK KZ©‡e¨i †ÿ‡ÎB BRgvi cÖ‡qvM‡K mxgve×K‡i‡Qb| †m GKB Kvi‡Y `vD` Rvwnwi Ges Bgvg Avng` BRgv Øvivmvnvex‡`i HKgZ¨ eywS‡q‡Qb|

Ave yj Inve Lvjøvd gZ †`b †h, aªæc`x e¨vL¨v Abyhvqx BRgv eZ©gvbmgqKv‡j m¤¢e bq, †Kbbv cÖPzi msL¨K Ijvgv we¯—…Z AÂj Ry‡o eZ©gvb|Ave yj Inve Lvjøvd h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb| cyiv‡bv auv‡Pi BRgv eZ©gv‡b m¤¢ebq| eZ©gv‡b AvÂwjK wfwˇZ BRgv cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e hv cvj©v‡g›UKZ…©K AvBb cÖYq‡bi gva¨‡g m¤¢eÑ wKš‘ G AvBb wPišÍb bq|

BRgv yB ai‡bi| h_v:

BRgv Avj mwin (my úó BRgv), Ges

BRgv myKzwZ (bxie BRgv)|

AwaKvsk Ijvgvi g‡Z Avj BRgvDm myKzZ (G e¨vcviwU N‡U ZLbB hLbGK ev wKQzmsL¨K we‡klÁ †Kv‡bv e¨vcv‡i HKg‡Z¨ †cuŠQvq Ges Ge¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv we‡ivwaZv †`Lv †`q bv) kwiq‡Zi eva¨Zvg~jK cÖgvYwn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ n‡e bv| wKqvm BRgvi wfwË n‡Z cvi‡e wKbv G e¨vcv‡iwZb ai‡bi gZvgZ †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| †KD e‡jb n‡Z cv‡i, †KD e‡jbbv, Avevi †KD AvswkKfv‡e nu v e‡jb|

we‡klÁ‡`i Avnv` A_ev gyZvIqvwZi eY©bvi gva¨‡g BRgv ewY©Z n‡Zcv‡i| mvnvwe‡`i KZ…©K cÖwZwôZ BRgvi D`vniY e¨ZxZ Avi †Kv‡bvgyZvIqvwZi BRgvi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq bv| †gvnv¤§` BKevj cÖ¯Ívew`‡q‡Qb †h BRgv cÖwZôvi e¨vcviwU cvj©v‡g‡›Ui Dci †Q‡o †`qv †nvKÑeZ©gvbKv‡j GKgvÎ Gfv‡eB BRgv cÖwZôv Kiv m¤¢e| Avjøvgv †gvnv¤§`BKevj G‡ÿ‡Î h_v_© e‡j‡Qb| Zvi aviYv MÖnY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e

16

Gfv‡e M„nxZ BRgv ˆewk¦Kfv‡e ¯^xK…wZ cv‡e bv Ges GUv‡K eva¨Zvg~jKfvev hv‡e bv (hw` bv M„nxZ BRgvwU‡K †m †`‡k AvB‡bi gh©v`v †`qv nq)|

Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvqÑ fwel¨‡Z BRgvi e¨envi msKxY© n‡Z cv‡i| eiswKqvm, gvmjvnv AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb ivL‡e|

wKqvm

kvwãK A‡_© wKqvm ej‡Z †evSvq †Kv‡bv wKQzi e¨vwß, IRb A_ev¸Yvejxi cwigvcKiY A_ev wbwðZKiY| wKqvm ej‡Z Av‡iv †evSvqy‡Uv `ª‡e¨i g‡a¨ mvg¨ Ges mv „k¨ cÖwZôv Ki‡Z Zzjbv Kiv| Dm~‡ji

fvlvq wKqvm n‡jv g~j NUbv ( Ñ Avmj) †_‡K bZzb NUbv‡Z ( Ñdvi) kwiqvn AvB‡bi m¤cÖmviY, KviY bZzb NUbvi Kvh©KviY (BjøvZ)Avmj NUbvi Abyiƒc|

wKqv‡mi ¸iæZ¡v‡iv‡ci welq n‡jv g~j NUbv Ges bZzb NUbvi gv‡SmvaviY KviY Lyu‡R †ei Kiv| wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g MwVZ AvBb‡K AvBbwe‡`ivbZzb AvBb wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib bv| hv‡nvK, mKj ev¯Íe cÖ‡qvR‡bwewfbœ wel‡q wKqvm bZzb AvB‡bi g‡ZvB|

wKqvm AvBbwe`‡`i Øviv D™¢vweZ GK ai‡bi c×wZ hvi gva¨‡g bZyb†ÿ‡Î MwVZ AvBb KziAvb I mybœvni wbKUeZx© nq| KviY GmKj bZzbAvBb †h Kvh©Kvi‡Yi (BjøvZ) Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv KziAvb Imybœvni weavb †_‡K D™¢vweZ|

wKqvm‡K hw` cÖ‡qvM Kiv bv n‡Zv Z‡e bZzb †ÿ‡Î iwPZ AvBb KziAvb Imybœvn †_‡K Av‡iv ~‡i P‡j †hZ| GwUB wKqv‡mi h_v_©Zvi hyw³|

wKqvm n‡jv †hŠw³K gZev` (KviY eyw×e„wË e¨vcKfv‡e BjøvZ A‡š¦l‡Ye¨eüZ nq)| wKš‘ wKqv‡m e¨w³MZ gZvgZ (ivq) Iwni ek¨Zv ¯^xKviK‡i (KziAvb I mybœvn †_‡K BjøvZ D™¢vweZ nq)| wKqvm KziAvb wKsevmybœvni †Kv‡bv AvBb cwieZ©b K‡i bv| wKqvm GKwU c×wZ| wKqvm‡KAvBbwe‡`iv GB A‡_© ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb †hÑ kwiqvni weavb KwZcq D‡Ïk¨( Ñ gvKvwm`) AbymiY K‡i hv hyw³i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| Rvwnwi( ) Av‡jgMY wKqvm‡K MÖnY K‡ib wb| wKš‘ AwaKvsk Av‡jgwKqv‡mi e¨vcv‡i h_v_© wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|

wKqvm wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i bv| wKqvm ZvB Abygvb wbf©i| KziAvb I mybœvn†_‡K M„nxZ AvB‡bi Abyiƒc KZ…©Z¡ wKqvm †_‡K M„nxZ AvB‡bi †bB|wKqv‡mi gva¨‡g M„nxZ AvB‡bi e¨vcv‡i bvbviKg gZ Av‡Q, †hgb

17

gZwfbœZv Av‡Q cÖvq mKj BRwZnv`x AvB‡bi e¨vcv‡i| wKqv‡micÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vbm~n n‡jv Avmj (g~j welqÑ hvi Dci wfwË K‡i ivq†`qv n‡q‡Q), ûKzg (ivq), BjøvZ (†h Kvh©Kvi‡Yi †cÖwÿ‡Z ivq cÖ`vb Kivnq) Ges dvi (bZzb NUbv hvi Dci ivq cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e)| G‡ÿ‡Î g`cv‡bi wb‡lavÁvi NUbvwU D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i (KziAvb, gv‡q`v:90)|G weavbwU †PZbvbvkK Ab¨vb¨ gv`‡Ki †ÿ‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i|mv „‡k¨i KviY wb‡gœv³ av‡ci gva¨‡g m¤¢e|

Avm‡ji GKwU kZ© n‡jv KziAvb Ges mybœvn Avm‡ji Drm| A‡bKwe‡klÁB BRgv‡K Avm‡ji wfwË g‡b K‡ib bv| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z GKwUwKqvm Ab¨ GKwU wKqv‡mi Avmj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡egvwjKx AvBbwe` Be‡b iæk` g‡b K‡ib GKwU wKqvm Ab¨ Av‡iKwUwKqv‡mi Avmj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| AvaywbK AvBbwe` Avey hvnivGes †gvnv¤§` Avj hviKv G gZ mg_©b K‡ib| Aí msL¨‡Ki gZI mwVKn‡Z cv‡i hZÿY ch©šÍ bv GUv KziAvb I mybœvni bvm-Gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©Kbv nq|

ûKz‡gi kZ©mg~n:

1. GwU Aek¨B AvBbMZ ivq n‡Z n‡e (AvwK`vMZ †ÿ‡Î wKqvm†Kv‡bv ivq w`‡Z cv‡i bv)|

2. gvbexq eyw×i Av‡jv‡K †evaMg¨ n‡Z n‡e|

3. ûKzg KL‡bvB e¨wZµgx cwiw¯’wZi †ÿ‡Î mxgve× _vK‡e bv(Giƒc †ÿ‡Î GwU wKqv‡mi wfwË n‡Z cv‡i bv)|

†hLv‡b Text-Gi wewaweavb Av‡Q †mLv‡b wKqvm †bB| wKqvm gvÕAvjZvwiK (ÎæwUc~Y© wKqvm) Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ bq|

BjøvZ‡K Aek¨B wb‡gœv³ kZ© c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e:

1. gybvwme ( ) Ñ gyRZvwn`‡`i g‡Z h_v_© n‡Z n‡e|

2. gybRvwe` (ÑÑÑ) Ñ Gi AcwieZ©bxq ¸Y _vK‡Z n‡e|

3. Rvwni (ÑÑÑ) Ñ GwU Aek¨B cÖZxqgvb n‡Z n‡e|

AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z BjøvZ Aek¨B bZzb †ÿ‡Î n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ ( Ñ

gyZvAvwÏ)| †KD †KD Zvw`qv (n¯ÍvšÍi) m¤ú‡K© wfbœ gZ †cvlY K‡ib|BjøvZ bvm-Gi wecixZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv|

Aviwe cÖKvkixwZ Abyhvqx KvBjv ( Ñ Giƒc bv), wj AvRwj ( ÑKviY), wj (ÑÑÑÑ Rb¨), dv ( Ñ Giƒc), we ( Ñ KviY), wegv Avbœv(ÑÑÑ), Bbœv ( ) BZ¨vw` A‡bK †ÿ‡ÎB BjøvZ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i (KziAvb,4:34, 5:38)| Aviwe kã mveve (KviY) BjøvZ k‡ãi cÖwZ¯’vcK wn‡m‡ee¨eüZ nq| Aek¨ †KD †KD kã y‡Uvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡`©k K‡ib|cv_©K¨wU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wKsev cwi®‹vi bq| hv‡nvK, BjøvZ kãwU e¨env‡iiw`K †_‡K e¨vcKZv †c‡q‡Q|

cvV †_‡K BRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g ivq †`evi Rb¨ bv‡mi ( ) hLb BjøvZ¯úófv‡e D‡jøwLZ _v‡K bv, ZLb gyRZvwn`‡`i `vwqZ¡ BjøvZ Lyu‡R †eiKiv| yB av‡c GwU Kiv m¤¢e| m~Pbv we› y n‡jv ÔZvLwiRyj gvbvZÕ (BjøvniAv‡iKwU cÖwZkã n‡jv gvbvZ)|

ivq †`evi mgq G‡Ki e`‡j GKvwaK Bjøv‡Zi Dcw¯’wZ n‡Z cv‡i|†m‡ÿ‡Î gyRZvwn`‡`i KiYxq n‡jv h_v_© BjøvZ Lyu‡R †ei Kiv|cÖwµqvwU‡K ZvbwKn Avj gvbvZ (BjøvZ‡K ¯^Zš¿KiY) e‡j|

bZzb NUbvi †ÿ‡Î †hLv‡b iv‡qi m¤cÖmviY NU‡e †mLv‡b ZvnwKKzjgvbvZ (BjøvZ Av‡Q wK †bB) †`L‡Z nq (mvaviY Pzwii mv‡_ c‡KUgv‡iimv „k¨KiY m¤¢e wKbv A_ev †flR cvbxqi BjøvZ wK g‡`i Abyiƒc)|

wKqv‡mi †kªwYweb¨vm: wKqv‡mi GK ai‡bi †kªwYweb¨vm n‡jvÑ

1. wKqvm Avj AvIjv ( Ñ DbœZ ai‡bi wKqvm)|

2. wKqvm Avj gymvwe ( Ñ mv „k¨Ki mvg¨)|

3. wKqvm Avj Av`bv ( Ñ ye©j mv „k¨KiY)|

wKqvm Avj AvIjv Ggb ai‡bi wKqvm †hLv‡b Avmj NUbv A‡cÿv bZzbNUbv‡Z Kvh©KiY ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb (KziAvb, 17:23)|

wKqvm Avj gymvwe n‡jv Ggb ai‡bi wKqvm †hLv‡b Avmj I dvi ( )ÑDfq †ÿ‡ÎB BjøvZ mgvbfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq (KziAvb, 4:2)|

wKqvm Avj Av`bv ej‡Z †evSvq Ggb ai‡bi wKqvm †hLv‡b BjøvZ dvi-Gi †ÿ‡Î Avm‡ji b¨vq ¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb bq|

wKqv‡mi Av‡iK ai‡bi †kªwYKiY n‡jv:

1. wKqvm Rvwj ( Ñ Aek¨¤¢vwe mv „kKiY)|

2. wKqvm Lvwd (ÑÑÑÑ jy°vwqZ mv „k¨KiY)|

18

Avmj ( )(g~j welq)

dvi ( )(bZzb welq)

BjøvZ ( )(iv‡qi KviY)

ûKzg ( )(ivq)

g` cvb †PZbvbvkKgv`K

gv`KZv wb‡lavÁv

AwaKvs‡ki Øviv wKqvm ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ PviwU mywbœ gvRnvemnhvBw` wkqviv Av‡Q| KziAv‡bi 59:2 bs Avqv‡Z wKqv‡mi ¯^c‡ÿ cÖgvYAv‡Q Ges Bw½Z Av‡Q 2:79 I 4:105 bs Avqv‡Z| mybœvnI wKqvm‡Kmg_©b K‡i| mybœvn‡Z BRwZnv‡`i K_v ejv Av‡Q Avi wKqvm BRwZnv‡`iGKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ c×wZ|

A‡bK Rvwnix `vk©wbK †Mvôx wKqv‡mi weiæ‡× gZvgZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|Zviv e‡jb †h, KziAvb wKqv‡mi weiæ‡× (KziAvb, 52:2 Ñ Avgiv KziAv‡b†Kv‡bv wKQzB Ae‡njv Kwi wb)| Zviv Av‡iv e‡jbÑ wKqv‡mi wfwË n‡jvBjøvZ Ges Bjøv‡Zi wfwË n‡jv Abygvb| Zviv KziAv‡bi 49:1 bs AvqvZD‡jøL K‡i e‡jb KziAvb wKqv‡mi weiæ‡×| G meB Lye ye©j hyw³ GesD¤§vni AwaKvskB Zv‡`i gZ MÖnY K‡i wb| AwaKvsk g‡b K‡ib û y‡`i†ÿ‡Î wKqvm cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨| nvbvdxiv g‡b K‡ib wKqvm ZvwRi-Gi †ÿ‡ÎcÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨, û y‡`i †ÿ‡Î bq| nvbvdx gZ G‡ÿ‡Î AwaK mZK©|

AwaKvs‡ki gZ n‡jv bvm (Text) †hLv‡b Av‡Q wKqvm †mLv‡b AwZwi³|wKQz Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib †h, wKqvm hw` †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx cÖgvY Øviv mnvqZvcvq Z‡e Zv GKK nvw`‡mi †P‡q cÖvavb¨ †c‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e fwel¨‡Zgvmjvnv BRwZnv‡`i AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© iƒc n‡e|

Bmjvgx kwiqvn c~e©eZx© cÖZ¨vw`ó AvBb

Bmjvg wek¦vm K‡i mªóvi cÖ`Ë ag©MÖš’ Avjøvn KZ…©K cÖ`Ë (42:13)|KziAvb ¯^xK…wZ †`q †h ZvIivZ c_wb‡`©kbvi Drm wQj (5:44)| wKš‘ cÖkœn‡”Q KziAvb bvwRj nevi c‡i c~e©eZx© Gme wKZve‡K AvB‡bi Drm ej‡ZwK †evSvq? mvaviY fvl¨ n‡jvÑ KziAv‡bi c~‡e© †hmKj AvBb cÖPwjZ wQjZv Avi eZ©gv‡b gymwjg‡`i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ bq (wb‡gœ DwjøwLZ e¨wZµge¨ZxZ)|

Bmjv‡gi AvnKvg ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©| kwiqvni AvBb KziAvb I mybœvn e¨ZxZAb¨ †Kv_vI †LuvRvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, KviY Ab¨ a‡g©i AvBb gymwjg‡`iRb¨ gvbv eva¨Zvg~jK bq|

KziAvb wZbfv‡e c~e©eZx© kwiqvni D‡jøL K‡i:

1. KziAvb c~e©eZx© kwiqvni D‡jøL Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges D‡jøwLZ welqwU‡Kgymwjg‡`i eva¨Zvg~jK K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, c~e©eZx©RvwZmg~‡ni Rb¨ †ivRvi wb‡`©k wQj Ges gymwjg‡`i Rb¨ Zv wb‡`©k Kivn‡q‡Q (2:183)| c~e©eZx© kwiqvni Giƒc weavb eZ©gvb kwiqvniI Ask|

2. KziAvb (ev mybœvn) c~e©eZx© kwiqvni †Kv‡bv weav‡bi D‡jøL K‡i Zv i`K‡i w`‡q‡Q| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvqÑ Lv`¨ welqK KwZcq wb‡lavÁvBûw` m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZ wQj hv KziAv‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg‡`i Rb¨ cÖZ¨vnviKiv n‡q‡Q (6:146)| gymwjgiv G wel‡q c~e©eZx© kwiqvni AvBb AbymiYKi‡Z cv‡i bv|

3. c~e©eZx© kwiqvni †Kv‡bv GKwU AvBb envj Av‡Q wKsev iwnZ n‡q‡QGi D‡jøL bv K‡iB KziAvb c~e©eZx© kwiqvni †Kv‡bv AvB‡bi D‡jøL Ki‡Zcv‡i (5:45, 5:48)| AwaKvsk Ijvgv GmKj weavb‡K eZ©gvbkwiqvniI Ask e‡j g‡b K‡ib Ges Zv AbymiYxq e‡j g‡b K‡ib|msL¨vjNy gZ c~e©eZx© g‡Zi wecixZ| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji g‡ZmsL¨vMwi‡ôi gZ G‡ÿ‡Î h_v_©|

19

mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv

kwiqvn msµvšÍ wel‡q mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges m‡e©v”Pwe‡ePbvi `vwe iv‡L| KviY n‡jv mvnvweiv ivm~j (m.)-Gi AwZ wbKUeZx©wQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i Ávb mivmwi ivm~j (m.) †_‡K M„nxZ n‡qwQj| Z‡emvnvwe ej‡Z Kv‡`i †evSv‡bv n‡e Zv wb‡q gZv‰bK¨ Av‡Q| AwaKvs‡kig‡Z wek¦vmx hvivB ivm~j (m.)-Gi mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i‡Qb Zviv mK‡jBmvnvwei gh©v`vfz³| msL¨vjwN‡ói g‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K mvnvwei gh©v`v†c‡Z n‡j ÔmynevZÕ ( Ñ msm‡M©i avivevwnKZv) GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxqDcv`vb| y‡Uv g‡ZiB †hŠw³KZv Av‡Q Ges †Kv‡bvwU‡KB AMÖvn¨ KiviDcvq †bB| †Kv‡bv e¨w³ mvnvwe wKbv Zv cÖwZôv †c‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bvmvnvwei mZ¨vqb ev mvÿ¨`v‡bi gva¨‡g ev wbR KZ…©K `vwei gva¨‡g(G‡ÿ‡Î †mB e¨w³wU‡K mZ¨ev`x n‡Z n‡e)|

mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv ej‡Z Zv‡`i gZvgZ‡K †evSvq hv †Kv‡bv mvnvweBRwZnv‡`i gva¨‡g DcbxZ n‡q‡Qb| mvnvwe‡`i d‡Zvqv cieZx©eskai‡`i Rb¨ cÖvgvY¨| G wel‡q wZbwU gZvgZ Av‡Q|

cÖ_g gZ n‡jvÑ GwU Aek¨¤¢vex cÖgvY| G gZcš’xiv KziAv‡bi 3:110 I9:100 bs AvqvZØq‡K Ges ÔAvgvi Abymvixiv ZviKvi g‡ZvÕ I ÔAvgvimvnvwe‡`i‡K m¤§vb KiÕ nvw`mØq‡K D‡jøL K‡ib| G g‡Zi Abymvixn‡jb Bgvg gvwjK| Bgvg kvwdC Ges Avng` web nv¤^j‡KI G g‡Zi¯^c‡ÿ D‡jøL Kiv nq| G g‡Zi we‡ivax hviv Zviv ej‡Z Pvb GmKj Dw³Øviv mvnvwe‡`i gh©v`vi D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| mvnvwe‡`i Av‡`k gvbveva¨Zvg~jK Zvi ¯^c‡ÿ GmKj cÖgvY KvZC ch©vqfz³ mvÿ¨ bq|

wØZxq gZ n‡jv, mvnvwe‡`i BRwZnv` kwiqvni †Kv‡bv cÖgvY bq GescieZx© eskai‡`i Rb¨ Zvi AbymiY eva¨Zvg~jK bq| nvbvdx AvBbwe`Aveyj nvmvb Avj KviwL, Bgvg Avng` (Zvi GK gZvbymv‡i), Avkvwi GesgyZvwRjv we‡klÁiv G gZ aviY K‡ib| G gZcš’xiv hyw³ †`b †hÑ †hAvqvZ Øviv BRwZnv`‡K eva¨Zvg~jK Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv †hvM¨ mK‡ji Rb¨cÖ‡hvR¨| GLv‡b mvnvwe wK mvnvwe bq Zvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY Kiv

nqwb| Bgvg Mv¾vwj Ges Avwgw` G gZ‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb|

Z…Zxq g‡Zi aviK Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (iv.) ¯^qs| Zvi e³e¨ n‡jvwKqv‡mi mv‡_ hw` †Kv‡bv mvnvwei gZvg‡Z A‰bK¨ †`Lv †`q, Z‡emvnvwei gZB cÖvgvY¨ n‡e, wKš‘ hw` g‰ZK¨ †`Lv †`q Z‡e bq|

Dm~j mvwn‡Z¨ Dc‡ivwjøwLZ gZ·qi evB‡iI Av‡iv KwZcq gZvgZ †`Lvhvq| G †_‡K Dcmsnvi Uvbv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, mvnvwe‡`i gZvgZc_wb‡`©kbvi Drm| mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Gme d‡Zvqvi †`vl¸Y we‡ePbvi `vweiv‡L hw`I cwi®‹vi BRgv e¨ZxZ GmKj d‡Zvqv †g‡b Pjv eva¨Zvg~jKbq|

20

BmwZnmvb

BmwZnmvb (AvBbMZ AMÖvwaKvi):

kvwãK A‡_© BmwZnmvb ( ) n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qv|AvBbMZ A‡_© BmwZnmvb n‡jv AvB‡bi kvwãK cÖ‡qvM †_‡K D™f‚ZK‡VviZv Ges A¯^”QZv cwinvi Kivi c×wZ| aviYvMZ w`K †_‡KBmwZnmvb cwðgv AvB‡b e¨eüZ mvg¨ (Equity) k‡ãi KvQvKvwQ| cwðgvAvB‡b mvg¨ kãwU cÖvK…wZK AvB‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q, wKš‘BmwZnmvb M‡o D‡V‡Q Iwni g~j my‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i|

BmwZnmvb kwiqvn n‡Z ¯^vaxb bq eis kwiqvniB GKwU Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask|mgv‡Ri cwieZ©bkxj cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ BmwZnmvbAvB‡bi GKwU Acwinvh© Ask| nvbvdx, gvwjKx Ges nv¤^jx gvRnv‡eiAvBbwe` KZ…©K BmwZnmvb ¯^xK…wZ †c‡q‡Q| Avevi kvwdC, wkqv GesRvwnix gvRnv‡ei AvBbwe` KZ…©K BmwZnmvb ¯^xK…wZ cvqwb| hv‡nvK,ev¯ÍeZv n‡jv AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZ…©K BmwZnmvb ¯^xK…Z|

BmwZnmv‡bi D`vniY w`‡Z wM‡q nRiZ Igi (iv.) KZ…©K ywf©‡ÿi mgqPzwii Aciv‡a û ya AvB‡b `wʇZi nvZ KvUvi kvw¯Í ¯’wMZ Kivi D`vniYDc¯’vcb Kiv nq| GLv‡b GKwU e¨wZµgx cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Bmjv‡gi GKwUwbw`©ó AvBb‡K e¨wZµgx c`‡ÿc wn‡m‡e ¯’wMZ Kiv nq| GKRb Ab¨ZgAvBbwe` Avj mvivLwm ( ) BmwZnmvb‡K MY¨ K‡ib Ggb GKwUc×wZ wn‡m‡e hvi gva¨‡g KziAv‡bi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L AvBbx ûKzg‡KmnR Kiv nq (2:185)| W. nvwkg Kvgvwj D‡jøL K‡i‡QbÑ mvnvwe GesZv‡ewqMY ïaygvÎ AvÿwiK AbymiYKvix wQ‡jb bv| cÖvqB Zv‡`i cÖ`Ë ivqkwiqvni g~j B”Qv Ges D‡Ï‡k¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Zviv| W. nvwkgKvgvwj BmwZnmv‡bi GKwU bZzb D`vniY w`‡q‡Qb| Bmjvgx AvB‡b†Kej †gŠwLK mvÿ¨ cÖgvY wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b wKQz †ÿ‡ÎAv‡jvKwPÎ, †iKW©K…Z kã Ges M‡elYvMv‡i K…Z we‡kølY AwaKZiwek¦vm‡hvM¨ cªgvY¨ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î BmwZnmvb c×wZigva¨‡g Avgiv mvÿ¨ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †gŠwLK mv‡ÿ¨i †P‡q AvaywbK c×wZ‡KAwaKZi cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z cvwi|

nvbvdx AvBbwe` Aveyj nvmvb Avj KviwL BmwZnmvb‡K msÁvwqZK‡i‡Qb AwaKZi hyw³msMZ Kvi‡Y GKwU cÖwZwôZ bwRi †_‡K wfbœ iv‡q¯’vbvšÍ‡ii bxwZ wn‡m‡e| gvwjKx AvBbwe‡`iv BmwZnmvb A‡cÿvBmwZmjvni e¨vcv‡i AwaKZi AvMÖnx| Zv‡`i g‡Z BmwZnmvb Kg‡ewkBmwZmjvni Abyiƒc ev BmwZmjvni GKwU Ask|

KziAvb I mybœvn‡Z BmwZnmv‡bi mg_©‡b †Kv‡bv KvZC cÖgvY †bB| Z‡eKziAv‡bi 34:18 Ges 39:55 bs AvqvZØq BmwZnmv‡bi mg_©‡b D‡jøLKiv nq| GKBfv‡e GKwU weL¨vZ nvw`m Ôjv `viviv Iqv jv w`iviv wdjBmjvgÕ ( Ñ Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv Amyweav Av‡ivwcZ ev mn¨ Kivn‡e bv) BmwZnmv‡bi mg_©‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq| BmwZnmvb Nwbôfv‡e ivqGes wKqv‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| wKqvm Ges BmwZnmv‡b ivq GKwU¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb, BmwZnmv‡bi †ÿ‡Î welqwU Av‡iv †ewk cÖ‡hvR¨|

mvnvweiv mybœvn‡K wemR©b w`‡q ivq cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mZK© wQ‡jb| Avn‡jnvw`mcš’xiv ivq cÖ`vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb| Ab¨w`‡K AwaKvsk dzKvnvAvB‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¯^vaxbfv‡e ivq-Gi cÖ‡qvM NUv‡Zb Ges Zviv Avnjyi ivq( e‡j cwiwPZ|

A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib †h, BmwZnmvb g~jZ wKqvm Lvwd ( )| Zvivg‡b K‡ib †h, BmwZnmvb n‡jv wKqvm Rvwj ( ) †_‡K wKqvmLvwd‡Z ( ) †cuŠQv| Av‡iK ai‡bi BmwZnmvb Av‡Q †hLv‡b KwZcqbvm, M„nxZ cÖ_v, `viæivn (Doctrine of necessity Ñ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv) A_evgvmjvnv ( Ñ Rb¯^v_©) BZ¨vw`i wfwˇZ mvg¨ (Equity) Gesb¨vqwePv‡ii ¯^v‡_© e¨wZµg‡KB mvaviY weavb wn‡m‡e a‡i †bqv nq|

Avj kvwdC KziAv‡bi 4:59 Ges 75:36 bs AvqvZ؇qi wfwˇZBmwZnmv‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ G AvqvZØq BmwZnmv‡bie¨vcv‡i mywbw`©ó bq| Avj Mv¾vwj BmwZnmv‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|wKš‘ wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib †h kvwdC gvRnv‡e KziAvb I mybœvni wfwˇZBmwZnmvb‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avj Avwgw` (GKRb kvwdCAvBbwe`) D‡jøL K‡ib †h, kvwdC BmwZnmv‡bi Avkªq wb‡qwQ‡jb|AvaywbK AvBbwe‡`iv D‡jøL K‡ib †hÑ BmwZnmv‡bi Avewk¨KZv A¯^xKviKivi Dcvq †bB|

21

gvmjvnv gyimvjvn

gvmjvnv gyimvjvn ( ):

kvwãK A‡_© gvmjvnv ( ) A_© DcKvi ev jvf| hLb kãwU gvmjvnvgyimvjvn ( ) wn‡m‡e we‡klvwqZ nq ZLb Gi A_© uvovq AevwiZRb¯^v_©| gvmjvnv gyimvjvn BmwZmjvni cªwZkã Ges GwU gvmjvnvgyZjvKv wn‡m‡eI e¨eüZ nq| Bgvg Mv¾vwj (iv.) g‡b K‡ib gvmjvnvcuvPwU welq‡K aviY K‡i hv msiÿY K‡i Rxeb, ag©, eyw×e„wË, esk Im¤úwË Ges G Dcv`vb¸‡jv DcKvi‡K msiÿY K‡i Ges nvivg‡KcÖwZ‡iva K‡i|

gvmjvnvi wfwˇZ Zv‡ewqbiv gy ªv cÖYqb, †RjLvbv ¯’vcb Ges LvivR(LvRbv) Av‡ivc Kivi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡ib| Dm~jwe`MY BmwZmjvnie¨vcv‡i HKgZ¨ n‡q‡Qb †h Bev`‡Zi wel‡q Ges kwiqvni †Kv‡bv mywbw`©óûKz‡gi †ÿ‡Î, †hgbÑ DËivwaKvi AvBb, BmwZmjvni cÖ‡qvM †bB|AwaKvsk Ijvgv g‡b K‡ib BmwZmjvn AvBb cÖYq‡bi GKwU h_v_©c×wZ| Avj kvwZwe †`Lvb †h GwU m~iv Avj Avw¤^qvi 107 bs Avqv‡ZiD‡Ïk¨ mvab K‡i †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡QÑ ÔAvgiv †Zvgv‡K RMZevmxiingZ ¯^iƒc †cÖiY K‡iwQÕ| gvmjvnvi mg_©‡b KziAv‡bi 5:6 Avqv‡ZiD‡jøL Kiv hvq| Av‡jgMY gvmjvnvi mg_©‡b wb‡gœv³ nvw`mmg~n D‡jøLK‡ib:

1. Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv Amyweav Av‡ivwcZ n‡e bv ev mn¨ Kiv n‡e bv|

2. y‡Uv weK‡íi g‡a¨ ivm~j (m.) mnRwU‡K MÖnY K‡ib hZÿY bv GwUcv‡ci KviY nq|

3. AvjøvnZvqvjv Zvi †`qv K‡Vvi wewa cvj‡bi b¨vq myweavRbK wewaIgvbyl Dc‡fvM Ki‡Q GwU †`L‡Z fv‡jvev‡mb|

Dc‡iv³ DׄwZmg~n GwU wbwðZ K‡i †h, AvnKvg Kv‡qg Kivi bv‡g†Kv‡bv AcÖ‡qvRbxq K‡VviZvi Aby‡gv`b †bB Ges gymwjg‡`i DwPZkwiqvn cÖ`Ë bgbxqZv Ges myweav MÖnY Kiv|

mKj †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡kw`b gvmjvnvi Dci Avgj K‡iwQ‡jb| nRiZAveyeKi (iv.) KziAvb‡K msKjb K‡ib| nRiZ Igi (iv.) miKvwiAwdm Ace¨envi Kivi Rb¨ miKvwi Kg©KZ©v‡`i `vqx K‡ib| nRiZDmgvb (iv.) KziAvb kwi‡di mwVK bKj eÈb K‡ib Ges wfbœZv m¤úbœcv‡Vi bKj cywo‡q †d‡jb| nRiZ Avjx (iv.) KvwiMi Ges e¨emvqx‡`iwR¤§vq _vKv `ªe¨ nvwi‡q †M‡j Zv‡`i‡KB Zvi Rb¨ `vqx K‡ib|

AwaKvsk Av‡jg KZ…©K gvmjvnvi ( ) cÿvej¤^b Kiv nq| hv‡nvK,gvmjvnvi c‡ÿ me‡P‡q k³ mg_©b cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb Bgvg gvwjK| BgvgkvwZwe Ges Ab¨vb¨ Av‡iv KwZcq Ijvgvi g‡Z gvmjvnv wZb cÖKvi|h_v:

1. cÖ‡qvRbxq ( Ñ `iæwiqvZ);

2. myweav`vqK (ÑÑÑÑ nvwRqvZ);

3. †mŠ›`h©`vqK ( Ñ ZvnwmwbqvZ)|

gvmjvnv‡K wbgœiƒc wZbfv‡MI fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v:

K. gvmjvnv gyZveviv (wbf©i‡hvM¨ gvmjvnv): GB gvmjvnv kwiq‡Zi mKj†ÿ‡Î MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ejv hvq †h, gvwjKvbv iÿvi Rb¨†Pvi‡K kvw¯Í †`qv|

L. gvmjvnv gyimvjvn: GB ai‡bi gvmjvnv‡K kwiqZ me‡ÿ‡Î MÖnYIK‡iwb ev me‡ÿ‡Î cwiZ¨vMI K‡iwb| Gi D`vniY n‡”Q gymwjg†`kmg~‡n cÖewZ©Z Hme `wjjv`x hv weevn A_ev m¤úwËi gvwjKvbvcÖgv‡Yi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

M. gvmjvnv gyjMvn: GB ai‡bi gvmjvnv me©‡ÿ‡Î cwiZ¨vM Kiv n‡q‡Q|

gvmjvnv‡K ˆeaZv †`qvi Rb¨ wb‡gœv³ kZ©mg~n c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e:

1. gvmjvnv Aek¨B AK…wÎg n‡Z n‡e|

2. gvmjvnv Aek¨B mve©Rbxb n‡Z n‡e ( Ñ Kzwjøqvn)|

3. gvmjvnv Aek¨B ¯úó bvm-Gi (Text) mv‡_ mvsNwl©K n‡e bv|

Avj Zzwd Zvi eB Ôgvmvwjn Avj gyimvjvnÕ-†Z D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h,Bev`‡Zi †ÿÎ e¨ZxZ A_ev kwiqvni mywbw`©ó ûKzg Qvov gvmvwjn (Ñ gvmjvnvi eûePb) Ab¨vb¨ cÖgv‡Yi †P‡q AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e|

wKqvm, BmwZnmvb, BmwZmjvn BZ¨vw`i g‡a¨ AvšÍtm¤úK© eY©bv Ki‡Z†h‡q D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, wKqvm Ges BmwZnmvb Avewk¨Kfv‡ebymy‡mi (Text) Bjøv‡Zi Dci wbf©ikxj| bymy‡mi Bjøv‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i

22

wKqvm I BmwZnmvb Øviv AvB‡bi m¤cÖmviY N‡U| wKš‘ hLb DwjøwLZcÖKv‡i AvBb ˆZwi m¤¢e nq bv ZLb gvmjvnvi wfwˇZ ev Rb¯^v‡_© AvBbˆZwi Ki‡Z nq| GK`j we‡klÁ G c×wZ‡Z AvBb ˆZwii Zxeª we‡ivax|wKš‘ G gZfz³ Ijvgviv msL¨vjwNô Ges Zv‡`i hyw³I †Zgb †Rviv‡jvbq| W. nvwkg Kvgvwji g‡Z cwieZ©bkxj we‡k¦i bZzb cwiw¯’wZ‡K†gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvgx AvBbwe`‡`i Rb¨ gvmjvnv n‡”Q cÖavbc×wZ|

Did Ges BmwZmnve

Did ( Ñ cÖ_v):

Dm~j mvwn‡Z¨ Did‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q cybtmsNUbkxj Abykxjbwn‡m‡e hv Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU cÖK…wZMZ w`K †_‡K DËg e‡j ¯^xK…Z|Did Ges GUv †_‡K AvnwiZ ÔgviædÕ ( ) y‡Uv kãB KziAvb kwi‡dg~jZ fv‡jv (g‡›`i wecixZ) Ges Avjøvni weav‡bi AvbyMZ¨ A‡_©Ie¨eüZ n‡q‡Q (3:110, 7:199)| Z‡e KziAv‡bi KwZcq ¯’v‡b DidkãwU cÖ_v wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q (2:233 Ñ mšÍvb cÖwZcvjbv‡_©)|kwiqvn ZvB bxwZMZfv‡e cÖ_v‡K nvjvj Ges nvivg wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ ˆeaZvw`‡q‡Q| wdKvnwe`iv Did‡K kwiqvni AvnKvg wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨I MÖnYK‡i‡Qb| wdKvn HmKj weavb hv AvBbwe`‡`i gZvgZ ev BRwZnv‡`iDci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q| †`Lv †M‡Q A‡bK weavb MwVZ n‡q‡Q cÖPwjZcÖ_vi Av‡jv‡K| ZvB mg‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z hw` cÖ_v¸‡jv cwiewZ©Z nq Z‡eD³ cÖ_vi Av‡jv‡K MwVZ weavb¸‡jvi cwieZ©b Kivi AbygwZ kwiqvn‡ZAv‡Q|

KwZcq dzKvnv ( ) (Bgvg myqywZ Ges mvivLwm) GKwU bxwZi D‡jøLK‡i‡Qb we‡ePbvi Rb¨| †mwU n‡jv ÔcÖ_vi gva¨‡g hv cÖgvwYZ Zvkwiq‡Zi gva¨‡g cÖgvwY‡Zi m „kÕ| G weavbwU Zzi‡¯‹i †Ljvd‡Z AvjgvRvjøvni AvBb MÖš’ cÖYq‡bi mgq M„nxZ n‡qwQj| Z‡e GB weavbwUgymwjg †`kmg~‡ni cÖ_vi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ Ges hw` cÖ_vwU kwiqvniAb¨vb¨ weavb Ges mvieËvi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K bv nq| Agymwjg mgv‡Ri cÖ_vAZ¨šÍ mZK©Zvi mv‡_ wbixÿY Ki‡Z n‡e|

ivm~j (m.)-Gi RxeÏkvq Aviexq mgv‡R cÖPwjZ cÖ_v Ges †hmKj cÖ_vivm~j (m.) KZ…©K evwZj nqwb †mmKj cÖ_v‡K ivm~‡ji (m.) bxie ¯^xK…wZwn‡m‡e a‡i wb‡Z n‡e Ges GmKj cÖ_v‡K mybœvn ZvKwiwiqvn wn‡m‡ewe‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| w`qvZ (i³g~j¨) cwi‡kva n‡jv Giƒc GKwUD`vniY| G‡ÿ‡Î g„Z e¨w³i cwievi‡K nZ¨vKvix e¨w³i AvwKjviv (cyiælAvZ¥xq) ÿwZc~i‡Yi A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z eva¨| bvixiv eva¨ bq, Z‡e B”Qv

23

Ki‡j cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

Di‡di †ÿ‡Î wb‡gœv³ kZ©mg~n cÖ‡hvR¨:

1. GUv Aek¨B mve©Rbxb Ges cybtmsNUbkxj n‡Z n‡e|

2. KvRKvievi msNU‡bi mgq Did Aek¨B AbykxwjZ n‡Z n‡e, A_©vrAZx‡Zi cÖ_vi †Kv‡bv wfwË †bB|

3. Did Aek¨B KziAvb Ges mybœvni ¯úó bvm-Gi j•Nb Ki‡e bv|

Did Ges BRgvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q| Did Avewk¨Kfv‡e ¯’vbxq ev †`kRAbykxjb| Ab¨w`‡K BRgv n‡jv ¯’vb Ges †`k wbwe©‡k‡l Ijvgv‡`i gv‡SHKgZ¨| Df‡qi gv‡S Av‡iv cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Z‡e †m¸‡jv †ZgbD‡jøL‡hvM¨ bq| Did‡K KvDwj ( Ñ †gŠwLK) Ges wdqwj ( ÑAvPwiZ) GB yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| KvDwj Did RbM‡Yi gv‡S †gŠwLKg‰Z‡K¨i mgš^‡q MwVZ| d‡j cÖPwjZ A_© g~L¨ ¯’vb `Lj K‡i GeskvwãK A_© †MŠY ¯’v‡b P‡j hvq| wdqwj Did cybtmsNUbkxj Abykxjb hvRbMY KZ…©K ¯^xK…Z, Zvi mgš^‡q MwVZ nq|

Did KvDwj ( ) Ges Did wdqwj ( ) y‡UvB Avevi Av‡ivy‡Uv Dcfv‡M wef³:

1. Avj Did Avj Avg ( ): mKj ¯’v‡bi RbMY KZ…©K Abykxjb|

2. Avj Did Avj Lvm ( ): †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯’vb, GjvKv ev †`‡kcÖPwjZ Abykxjb|

Did‡K Av‡iv yBfv‡M †kªwYe× Kiv hvq| h_v:

1. Didz mvwnn ( ) Ñ KziAvb I mybœvni Av‡jv‡K mvwnn|

2. Did Avj dvwm` ( ) Ñ KziAvb I mybœvni Av‡jv‡K ˆea bq|

W. Rvgvj Avj ev`vwe Did‡K wZb †kªwY‡Z fvM K‡i‡Qb| h_v: BwZevPK,wbi‡cÿ Ges †bwZevPK| BwZevPK Di‡di D`vniY n‡jv gnvbyfeZvA_ev AvwZ‡_qZv| wbi‡cÿ Di‡di D`vniY n‡jv Ggb cÖ_v hv BmjvgxAvBb I wkÿvi we‡ivax bq| W. Rvgvj ev`vwe D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb †h †Kv‡bv¯’vbxq cÖ_v hw` †bwZevPK nq Z‡e Zv cwinvi Kiv evÃbxq|

Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e Did Lye ¯úk©KvZi welq| G‡ÿ‡ÎAvgv‡`i DwPZ AwaKvsk e‡qv‡R¨ô Bmjvgx we‡kl‡Ái gZvg‡Zi Dciwbf©i Kiv| KziAv‡bi 7:199 Ges 22:78 bs AvqvZ؇qi wfwˇZ Di‡dib¨vh¨Zv a‡i †bqv nq| Z‡e Gme AvqvZ G‡ÿ‡Î KvZC bq| KwZcqnvw`mI Di‡di mg_©‡b D‡jøL Kiv nq Z‡e Gme nvw`mI Di‡di mg_©‡b

¯úó cÖgvY bq| Did wb‡RI Gi AwaKv‡ii e¨vcv‡i ¯^vaxb cÖgvY bq|hv‡nvK, Did Bmjvgx AvB‡bi e¨vL¨v Ges cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mnvqZvKvixf‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| Av‡iKwU wel‡qi D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, AvaywbKKv‡j wewae× AvB‡bi msKjb wKQzUv n‡jI Di‡di cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Kwg‡qw`‡q‡Q|

Avgiv †hgbwU c~‡e© D‡jøL K‡iwQ Di‡di Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o IVv AvBbcwieZ©b‡hvM¨| Dm~‡ji cvV¨eB‡q Gi mg_©‡b cÖgvY cvIqv hv‡e|fwel¨‡ZI hLb cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`‡e Did Ges BRwZnv‡`i wfwˇZ MwVZAvB‡bi cwieZ©b n‡e|

Dcmsnv‡i ejv hvq, Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e Di‡di cÖ‡qvRbxqZvAvi †ewkw`b _vK‡e bv| hv‡nvK, Did gv‡S gv‡S Bmjvgx AvBb‡KeyS‡Z, e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z Ges cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î Lye mZK©c`‡ÿc †bqv `iKvi|

BmwZmnve ( ):

kvwãK A‡_© BmwZmnv‡ei A_© n‡jv mvnPh©| wKš‘ Dm~j Avj wdKn‡ZBmwZmnve †Kv‡bv NUbvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Ges Abw¯Í‡Z¡i Abygvb wn‡m‡e e¨eüZnq| Ab¨vb¨ cÖgv‡Yi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z GwU cÖgvY wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|

me©Rb KZ…©K bv n‡jI A‡bK we‡klÁ Øviv BmwZmnve ˆeaZv †c‡q‡Q|BwZevPK A‡_© BmwZmnve n‡jv †Kv‡bv NUbvi (weevn wKsev DËivwaKvin¯ÍvšÍi) avivevwnKZvi Abygvb Kiv, hw` bv wecixZ wKQz cÖgvwYZ nq|hv‡nvK, avivevwnKZvi Abygvb cÖgvwYZ bvI n‡Z cv‡i hw` Pzw³ ÿY¯’vqxcÖK…wZi nq (BRviv)| BmwZmnve Aek¨ †bwZevPK NUbvi avivevwnKZvIAbygvb K‡i|

†h‡nZz BmwZmnv‡ei wfwË Abygvbwbf©i, ZvB BmwZmnve kwiqvni AvBbcÖYq‡bi †Kv‡bv kw³kvjx wfwË bq| d‡j BmwZmnv‡ei mv‡_ Ab¨vb¨cÖgv‡Yi we‡iva †`Lv w`‡j Ab¨vb¨ cÖgvY cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| BmwZmnve PvicÖKv‡ii:

1. BmwZmnve Avj Av`g Avj Avmwj ( Ñ Abycw¯’wZiAbygvb) hvi A_© GKwU NUbv ev weavb hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ AZx‡Z wQj bvÑ †mUviAbycw¯’wZUvB a‡i †bqv n‡e|

2. BmwZmnve Avj IRy Avj Avmwj ( Ñ Dcw¯’wZiAbygvb) hvi A_© †Kv‡bv NUbvi Dcw¯’wZ a‡i wb‡Z n‡e hv AvBb ev hyw³Øviv wba©vwiZ ev cÖgvwYZ| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, GKRb ¯^vgx ˆea

24

weev‡ni cÖgv‡Yi Kvi‡Y †gvni w`‡Z eva¨|

3. BmwZmnve Avj ûKzg ( ) hv AvB‡bi weav‡bi Ges g~j bxwZiavivevwnKZvi Abygvb K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq, hLb †Kv‡bv AvB‡biivq †`qv nq ZLb a‡i †bqv nq bZzb ivqwU c~‡e©i avivevwnKZviAv‡jv‡KB n‡q‡Q| hLb †Kv‡bv wel‡q GKwU AvBb ejer _v‡K †mUv(Aby‡gv`b ev wb‡lavÁv †h e¨vcv‡iB †nvK) GUv a‡i †bqv nq †h AvBbAe¨vnZ i‡q‡Q|

4. BmwZmnve Avj Iqvmwd ( Ñ ¸Y Ae¨vnZ _vKv) A_©vr†Kv‡bv ¸Y Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q a‡i †bqv hZÿY bv wecixZwU cÖgvwYZ nq|†hgbÑ †h cvwb‡K weï× Rvbv Av‡Q, Zv‡K weï× g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e hZÿYbv wecixZwU cÖgvwYZ nq|

Dm~‡ji Ijvgv‡`i gv‡S BmwZmnv‡ei cÖ_g wZbwU aiY wb‡q g‰ZK¨Av‡Q, Z‡e PZz_© aiYwU wb‡q Av‡Q gZ‰ØZZv| wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AvBbMZ¯^Ztwm×Zv BmwZmnv‡e †`Lv hvq| †hgb:

1. m‡›`‡ni Øviv wbðqZv Aemvb nq bv (Avj BqvwKby jv BDRvjy wejkv‡°)|

2. g~jMZfv‡e gvbyl `vqgy³ (evivn Avj wR¤§vn Avj Avmvwjqvn)|

Ab¨Zg AvBbwe` nvmvb Zvi iwPZ ÔZvRw`` Dm~j Avj wdKn AvjBmjvgÕ MÖ‡š’ BmwZmnv‡ei ¸iæZ¡vejxi wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib| Zvig‡Z BmwZmnv‡ei cwiwai gv‡S cÖvK…wZK wePv‡ii (Natural Law) aviYv,ˆea cÖ_v Ges mgv‡Ri Av‡iv wKQz welq AvZ¥¯’ Kivi Kvh©Ki ÿgZvwe`¨gvb|

mvÏ Avj hvivB

hvwiqv ( ) k‡ãi eûePb hvivB hvi A_© gva¨g| mvÏ A_© cÖwZeÜKZvˆZwi| Dm~j kv‡¯¿ mvÏ Avj hvivB Gi A_© uvovq Ôcv‡ci gva¨g‡KcÖwZnZKiYÕ| mvÏ Avj hvivB cÖvqB e¨eüZ nq hLb †Kv‡bv ˆea gva¨‡giØviv A‰ea djvd‡ji m¤¢vebv cÖKvk cvq|

y®‹g© Kvh©Ki nIqvi Av‡MB Zv cÖwZ‡iva nIqv evÃbxq GB aviYvi DciwfwË K‡iB mvÏ Avj hvivB‡qi aviYv MwVZ n‡q‡Q| KziAv‡b mvÏ AvjhvivB‡qi D`vniY Av‡Q (2:104, 6:108)| gva¨g Aek¨B j‡ÿ¨i(kwiqvni D‡Ïk¨) mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj n‡Z n‡e Ges jÿ¨ Aek¨B gva¨‡giDci cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| gva¨g hw` kwiqvni D‡Ïk¨ cwicš’x KvR K‡i Z‡eZv‡K Aek¨B cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z n‡e| kwiqvni cvV¨ †_‡K Gi D‡Ïk¨wPwýZ Kiv m¤¢e|

AvBbwe`iv GKwU mvaviY bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡jv Ônviv‡gicÖwZeÜKZvÕ ÔDcKvi jv‡fiÕ Dci cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv gva¨gcvc‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i Z‡e Zv Aek¨B cwiZ¨vR¨| mvÏ Avj hvivB‡qiAbygwZ mybœvn‡ZI †`Lv hvq| †hgb nRiZ gynv¤§` (m.) FY`vZv‡KFYMÖnxZvi wbKU †_‡K Dcnvi wb‡Z eviY K‡i‡Qb (GUv my MÖn‡Yi w`‡KcÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡Z cv‡i)| GKBfv‡e D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ msNl© n‡Z cv‡iÑ GKvi‡Y wZwb gybvwdK‡`i nZ¨v Kiv wb‡la K‡ib| †Zgwbfv‡e wZwbm‡›`‡ni e‡k †h †Kv‡bv nZ¨v wbwl× K‡ib|

Dc‡i DwjøwLZ e³e¨ m‡Ë¡I Dm~‡ji Av‡jgMY mvÏ Avj hvivB‡qie¨vcv‡i GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb| †KD †KD GUvi ¯^xK…wZ w`‡q‡Qb AveviA‡b‡K ¯^xK…wZ †`bwb| hv‡nvK, Bgvg kvwZwei (i.) gZvgZ n‡jvAwaKvsk IjvgvB mvÏ Avj hvivB‡K bxwZMZfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| AveyhvniviI gZvgZ GKB ai‡bi|

Ab¨v‡qi w`‡K cÖ‡ivPbvi m¤¢vebvi Dci wfwË K‡i hvivB‡K Pvifv‡M fvMKiv n‡q‡Q:

1. †mmKj gva¨g hv wbwðZfv‡e cv‡ci w`‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i| GiKg

25

gva¨g mvwe©Kfv‡e wbwl×|

2. †mmKj gva¨g hv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Ab¨v‡qi w`‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i GesLye Kg †ÿ‡ÎB DcKvi wbwðZ K‡i| Gi D`vniY n‡jv hy×Kvjxb mg‡qmgiv¯¿ wewµ Ges g` ˆZwiKvi‡Ki wbKU Av½yi wewµ Kiv| AwaKvskIjvgv GmKj KvR Kiv wb‡la K‡i‡Qb|

3. †mmKj DcKiY hv cv‡ci w`‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Gi †Kv‡bvwbðqZv †bB Ges cÖej m¤¢vebvI †bB| G ai‡bi gva¨‡g A‰eaKi‡Yi†ÿ‡Î Ijvgv‡`i gv‡S e¨vcK ch©v‡qi gZ‰ØZZv Av‡Q|

4. †mmKj gva¨g hv K`vwPr cv‡ci c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡i| †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡bK‚c Lbb ev ˆ¯^ikvm‡Ki Dcw¯’wZ‡Z mZ¨K_b| IjvgvMY GmKjgva¨‡gi c‡ÿ ivq w`‡q‡Qb| Zviv GmKj KvR‡K ˆea e‡j‡Qb|

mvÏ Avj hvivB e¨vcKfv‡e e¨eüZ nIqv DwPZ bq, we‡klZ Dc‡iDwjøwLZ Z…Zxq †kªYxfz³‡Zv bqB| Gi e¨vcK e¨env‡i gyevn‡K ( ÑAvBbm¤§Z) Ges gvb ye‡K ( Ñ mycvwikK…Z) †eAvBbx Kiv n‡e hvMÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

Bebyj Avivwe Ges Avey hvniv mvÏ Avj hvivB ( ) e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Îga¨cš’v Aej¤^‡bi cÿcvwZ| gvby‡li Pigcš’v cÖeYZvi Kvi‡Y mvÏ AvjhvivB e¨env‡ii d‡j Avjøvn Ges Zvi ivm~j KZ…©K cÖ`Ë ¯^vaxbZv niYn‡Z cv‡i, hv †Kv‡bvfv‡eB n‡Z †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i bv|

ûKzg kviC

ûKzg kviC ( ): ûKzg kviC n‡jv AvBb `vZvi (AvjøvncvK ¯^qsGes Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K ivm~j (m.)) c‡ÿ GKwU `vwe hv gyKvjøv‡di (Ñ hvi Dci AvBb cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨, GKRb my ’ Ges eq¯‹ e¨w³) AvPiYm¤úwK©Z, Zvi ¸iæZ¡ wK ch©v‡qiÑ Zv wK eva¨Zvg~jK, cQ›`bxq bv gyevn,AcQ›`bxq bv nvivg|

hw` `vwewU (Text) AvBb wewae× K‡i Z‡e Zv n‡e ûKzg Avj ZvKwjwd( )| Avj ûKzg ZvKwjd ( ) ûKzgwU wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡Zcv‡i| h_vÑ diR ( ), IqvwRe ( ), gv› ye ( ), gyevn ( ),gvKiæn (ÑÑÑ) Ges nvivg ( )| AwaKvs‡ki g‡Z diR ( ) GesIqvwRe ( ) ci¯úi cÖwZkã| hw` AvBb `vZvi wbKU †_‡K wKQz KiviRb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK `vwe _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K IqvwRe e‡j| nvbvdx gvRnv‡eGwU‡K diR ejv nq| nvbvdx‡`i wbKU IqvwRe Ab¨ GK ai‡bi weavbhvi cvV ev A‡_©i †Kv‡bv GKwU Rvwbœ ch©vqfz³ nq| Zviv †Kv‡bv `vwe‡KZLbB diR AvL¨vwqZ K‡i hw` cvV Ges Gi A_© DfqB KvZC nq AviG‡K IqvwRe ch©vqfz³ K‡i hw` cvV ev Gi A‡_©i †Kv‡bv GKwU Rvwbœch©vqfz³ nq|

Dc‡i DwjøwLZ IqvwRe, hv nvbvdx‡`i wbKU diR Ggb cÖgv‡Yi wfwˇZMwVZ †Kv‡bv eva¨Zvg~jK Av‡`‡ki A¯^xKvi Awek¦v‡mi ch©v‡q c‡o|eva¨Zvg~jK welqmg~n wb‡gœv³ ch©v‡q †kªwYfz³ Kiv hvq:

1. IqvwRe AvBb ( Ñ mKj gyKvjøv‡di Dci e¨w³MZeva¨evaKZv) Ges IqvwRe wKdvqv (mw¤§wjZ eva¨evaKZv, mgv‡RiGKvs‡ki Øviv m¤úvw`Z n‡jB h‡_ó)|

2. IqvwRe gyIqv°vZ ( Ñ mgqmxgv Øviv mxgve×, †hgb bvgvR Ges†ivRv) Ges IqvwRe gyZjvK (kZ©nxb IqvwRe hv †Kv‡bviKg mgq Øvivmxgve× bq †hgb nR)|

3. IqvwRe gynvÏv` ( Ñ cwigvc‡hvM¨ IqvwRe, †hgb RvKvZ GesbvgvR) Ges IqvwRe MvBi gynvÏv` ( Ñ Acwigvc‡hvM¨ IqvwRe,

26

†hgb Mixe- ytLx‡K `vb, ¯¿x‡K †gvnivbv cÖ`vb)|

gv› ye ( Ñ mycvwikK…Z): gv› ye Ggb ai‡bi `vwe hv gyKvjøv‡di () Dci eva¨Zvg~jK bq| gv› ye gvb‡j cyi®‹vi cvIqv hvq Z‡e cvj‡b e¨_©n‡j †Kv‡bviƒc kvw¯Í Av‡ivwcZ nq bv| IqvwRe Ges gv› y‡ei g‡a¨ GBn‡jv cv_©K¨| gv› y‡ei D`vniY n‡jv IqvKd cÖwZôv, Mixe- ytLxi Rb¨`vb-LqivZ BZ¨vw`| gv› ye‡K mybœvn, bdj Ges gy ÍvnveI ejv nq|

mybœvn‡K ( Ñ gv› ye) wb‡gœv³ K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq:

1. mybœvn Avj gyqv°v`vn ( )-Gi D`vniY n‡jv AvRvb, Rvgv‡Zbvgv‡R AskMÖnY|

2. mybœvn MvBi Avj gyqv°v`vn ( Ñ AwZwi³ mybœvn)-GiD`vniY n‡jv bdj bvgvR, eva¨Zvg~jK bq Ggb `vb-LqivZ|

mybœvn Avj gyqv°v`vni ( ) AeÁv wb›`bxq Z‡e kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ bq|mybœvn MvBi Avj gyqv°v`vni ( ) AeÁv wb›`bxq wKsevkvw¯Í‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bvwUB bq| KziAv‡b gv› y‡ei D`vniY †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i2:282 Ges 24:3 bs Avqv‡Z|

gvnRyi ( Ñ nvivg): gvnRyi n‡jv AvBb`vZv KZ…©K gyKvjøv‡di( ) cÖwZ †Kv‡bv wKQz eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e bv Kivi `vwe| †Kv‡bv wKQzwb‡la Kivi Rb¨ IqvwR‡ei (Dm~‡ji AwaKvsk Ijvgv KZ…©K e¨vL¨vK…Z)mgch©v‡qi cÖgv‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb| A_©vr Zvi cvV (Text) Ges A_© KvZC n‡Zn‡e|

nviv‡gi cvVMZ cÖgvY bvbvfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb:

GwU Avi¤¢ n‡Z cv‡i ÔûiwigvZ AvjvBKzgÕ ( ) wb‡la †Zvgv‡`icÖwZ (5:3)|

GwU GKwU †bwZevPK kã ØvivI (ZZ) n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb Ôjv ZvKZzjyÕ( Ñ nZ¨v K‡iv bv), Ôjv ZvÕKzjy ( Ñ †L‡qv bv Ges wbI bv(2:188)| †Kv‡bv wKQz cwinvi Kivi Av‡`km~PKI n‡Z cv‡i (5:90 Ñg` I Ryqv cwinvi Ki‡Z)|

welqwU Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ bq Gfv‡eI m~Pbv n‡Z cv‡i Ñ jv Bqv‡njøy jvKzg( Ñ 4:19)|

†Kv‡bv AvPi‡Yi Rb¨ kvw¯Í cÖ`v‡bi †NvlYv w`‡qI wb‡lavÁv n‡Z cv‡i|KziAv‡bi û y msµvšÍ AvqvZ Ges †mmKj AvqvZ †hLv‡b Rvnvbœv‡gikvw¯Íi K_v ejv Av‡Q|

wb‡lavÁv‡KI wb‡gœv³fv‡e fvM Kiv hvq:

nvivg wj hvwZwn ( )Ñ hv Zvi wb‡Ri Kvi‡Y wbwl× n‡q‡Q| †hgbg`, Ryqv|

nvivg wj MvBwiwn ( ) Ñ hv evwn¨K Kvi‡Y wbwl× n‡q‡Q| †hgb Ab¨gvby‡li mv‡_ we‡qi ˆeaZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv gwnjv‡K we‡q Kiv|

gvKiæn ( ) n‡jv gv› y‡ei ( ) wecixZ| GwU Kivi †P‡q bv Kivfv‡jv| gvKiæn KvR Kiv kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ ev ˆbwZK †`v‡li welq bq|AwaKvs‡ki GwUB gZvgZ| nvbvdxiv Aek¨ gvKiæn‡K wb‡gœv³ yB fv‡MfvM K‡i‡Q:

gvKiæn ZvbwRwn ( ) Ges gvKiæn Zvnwiwg ( )| nvbvdx‡`ig‡Z gvKiæn Zvnwiwg ˆbwZK †`v‡li KviY, hw`I Zv kvw¯Í‡hvM¨ bq|

gyevn ( Ñ nvjvj ev Rv‡qh) AvBb`vZvi GKwU evZ©v hv gyKvjøvd‡Kmy‡hvM †`q (2:173, 2:235, 5:6)| Dm~‡ji IjvgvMY gyevn‡K ûKzgkviCi AšÍf©y³ K‡i‡Qb hw`I Zv m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv eva¨evaKZv†bB|

Avj ûKzg Avj Iqvw`:

†h weavb Øviv evav, kZ© BZ¨vw` Av‡ivc Kiv nq| GLv‡b †Kv‡bv AvBb‡Kwbw`©óKiY Ki‡Z †h‡q †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K KviY, †Kv‡bv wKQz‡K kZ© ev evavwn‡m‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq| G RvZxq nvw`‡mi D`vniY n‡jv †hLv‡b ejvn‡q‡Q Ô yRb mvÿx e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv weevn n‡e bvÕÑ G‡ÿ‡Î ˆea weev‡niRb¨ yRb mvÿx‡K kZ© wn‡m‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| D`vniY wn‡m‡eAv‡iKwU nvw`‡mi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡QÔDËivwaKvix‡`i Rb¨ †Kv‡bv IwQqZ (will) Kvh©Ki bqÕ| GLv‡bIqvwik‡`i †ÿ‡Î evav Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| ûKzg Avj Iqvw` ev†NvlYvK…Z AvBb‡K cuvP fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq:

1. KviY,

2. kZ©,

3. AvwRgvn ( ),

4. iæLmvn ( ), Ges

5. gvÕwb (cÖwZeÜKZv)|

AvwRgvn n‡jv Ggb ai‡bi AvBb †hLv‡b AvBb cÖ‡YZvi B”Qv n‡jv †Kv‡bvKviYekZ †Kv‡bviKg bgbxqZv cÖ`k©b QvovB AvBbwU Kvh©Ki Kiv

27

(mvaviY cwiw¯’wZ‡Z mKj cÖKv‡ii Bev`Z)|

iæLmvn n‡jv mgm¨vRwbZ Kvi‡Y AvBbwUi e¨wZµg (ågYRwbZ Kvi‡Y†ivRv f‡½i AbygwZ)| iæLmvn wZbwU Kvi‡Y NU‡Z cv‡i| h_v:

1. cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi †cÖwÿ‡Z †Kv‡bv wbwl× Kv‡Ri AbygwZ|

2. IqvwRe cÖwZcvjb K‡ói KviY n‡j IqvwR‡ei iwnZKiY (åg‡Yimgq ågYKvix‡`i bvgv‡Ri mswÿßKiY Ges †ivRvi ¯’wMZKiY)|

3. †h Pzw³ mvaviYfv‡e ˆea bq Zv‡K ˆeaZv cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î| †hgbÑAwMÖg wewµ (evB‡q mvjvg) Ges Drcvw`Z nqwb Ggb Drcv`bRvZ c‡Y¨iRb¨ µq Av‡`k (BmwZmbvn)|

Gi evB‡iI kwiqvni AvB‡bi Av‡iv wefvRb Av‡Q| †hgbÑ

1. mwnn ( Ñ ˆea)|

2. dvwm` ( Ñ AwbqwgZ)|

3. evwZj ( Ñ evwZj)|

Dc‡iv³ †kªwY wefvRb n‡q‡Q Acwinvh© cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi (AviKvbÑ )Ges AvnKv‡gi (k‡Z©iÑ ) Dci wfwË K‡i| hLb AviKvb I AvnKvgc~iY nq ZLb †m KvR‡K ˆea ev mwnn e‡j| GwU c~iY bv n‡j KvRwUevwZj e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|

Ijvgviv G e¨vcv‡i HKgZ¨ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h, Bev`Z ïaygvÎ mwnn( ) ev evwZj ( ) ch©vqfz³ n‡e| †jb‡`‡bi welqwUI Abyiƒce‡j AwaKvsk Ijvgvi AwfgZ| Z‡e nvbvdxiv G y‡qi ga¨eZx© GKwUAe¯’v‡K ˆea e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib hv dvwm` e‡j AwfwnZ| G‡ÿ‡Î kZ©cvj‡b wKQz NvUwZ _v‡K| cieZx©‡Z NvUwZ hw` c~iY Kiv nq Z‡e dvwm`Kvh©wU mwnn e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

ûKzg kviC-Gi ¯Í¤¢ n‡jv wZbwU| h_v:

1. AvBb`vZv ( Ñ nvwKg)|

2. welqe¯‘ ( Ñ gvnKzg wdn)|

3. gvnKzg AvjvBn ( Ñ hvi Dci AvBbwU Kvh©Ki)|

Bmjv‡g mKj AvB‡bi Drm †kl ch©šÍ AvjøvnZvqvjv (5:45, 6:57)|gvnKzg wdn †mmKj KvR‡K wb‡`©k K‡i hv gyKvjøv‡di ( ) DciIqvwRe, gv› ye ev gyevn wn‡m‡e KiYxq| gvnKzg AvjvB‡n ( )kwiqvn KZ…©K Av‡ivwcZ AwaKvi Ges wewawb‡la hv‡`i Dci cÖ‡hvR¨|

GKRb e¨w³ hLb wbw`©ó ch©v‡qi eyw×e„wËK cwic°Zv Ges mÿgZv AR©bK‡i ZLb †m Kvh©Ki AvBbx †hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡i| Kvh©Ki AvBbx †hvM¨Zvwkïi †ÿ‡Î eq‡mi Kvi‡Y Ges gyg~l©y e¨w³i Rb¨ AvswkK ch©v‡q _v‡K|

ûKzg kviC‡K Av‡iv yB fv‡M fvM Kiv m¤¢e| h_v:

1. nv°zjøvn ( )|

2. nv°zj Bev` ( )|

Bev`Z, û y , DKzevn (kvw¯Í), Kvddviv ( ), wRnv` ( ) BZ¨vw`Avjøvni AwaKvifz³|

nv°zj Bev` n‡jv ev›`v Z_v Avjøvni m„wói AwaKvi| hvi msiÿY Acwinvh©KZ©e¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| †hgb Kv‡iv Mw”QZ m¤ú` (AvgvbZ) msiÿY Ih_vwbq‡g gvwjK‡K mgc©Y| wLqvbZ ev A‡b¨i AwaKv‡i n¯Í‡ÿc Kivgnvcvc| †hgb Kv‡iv A_©-m¤ú` ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv AwaKvi ¶zYœ Kiv,Iqvwik‡K Zvi cvIbv bv †`qv BZ¨vw`| RvwZ, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ wbwe©‡k‡l †h†Kv‡bv gvby‡li †ÿ‡ÎB GwU cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| GgbwK Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxK‚‡ji†ÿ‡ÎI G weavb mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| †hgb cwi‡e‡ki ÿwZ mvabc~e©KAb¨vqfv‡e cÖvYxK~‡ji Lv`¨fve I AkvwšÍ m„wó Kiv|

28

ZvAviæ`

ZvAviæ` ( ):

ZvAviæ` ( Ñ cÖgvYmg~‡ni ev weav‡bi gv‡S we‡iva): ZvAviæ` gv‡bwe‡iva| Dm~j Avj wdK‡n ZvAviæ` ej‡Z †evSvq kwiqvni y‡Uv cÖgvYGKB kw³gËvm¤úbœ, Z‡e cÖgvY y‡Uv ci¯úi wecixZgyLx| y‡Uv cÖgv‡Yikw³ hw` Amg n‡Zv Z‡e Giƒc we‡iv‡ai D™¢e n‡Zv bv, †Kbbv †m‡ÿ‡ÎAwaKZi kw³kvjx cÖgvYwU‡K ye©j cÖgv‡Yi Dci cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡Zv| GKvi‡YB KvZC I Rvwbœ cÖgv‡Yi gv‡S †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB|

hw` wecixZ g‡Zi c‡ÿ KziAv‡bi y‡Uv AvqvZ A_ev KziAv‡bi GKwUAvqvZ Ges GKwU gyZvIqvwZi nvw`m A_ev y‡Uv Avnv` nvw`m mvÿ¨wn‡m‡e _v‡K Z‡e we‡iva †`Lv †`q|

we‡iva ïaygvÎ ZLbB †`Lv †`q, hw` y‡Uv cÖgv‡Yi cÖ`Ë iv‡qi gv‡S†Kv‡bviƒc mgš^q mvab Kiv bv hvq| A_©vr GKwUi welqe¯‘ †_‡K Ab¨wUiwelqe¯‘i wfbœZv hw` bv Kiv hvq, wKsev cÖgvY y‡Uvi mgqKv‡ji wfbœZvwbiƒcY bv Kiv hvq (A_©vr GwU wbwðZ Kiv hvq bv †Kvb cÖgvYwU c‡ii)|

KvZC mv‡ÿ¨i gv‡S Giƒc we‡iva K`vwPr N‡U| weivRgvb AwaKvskwe‡ivaB ev¯Íe bq eis cÖZxqgvb| Gme evn¨ we‡iva wbim‡bi c×wZmg~nn‡jv:

1. mgš^qmvaY,

2. wbw`©óKiY,

3. GKwUi Dci Ab¨wU‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb|

bvm Avi BRgvi g‡a¨ we‡iva AwPšÍ¨bxq †Kbbv BRgv KL‡bv bvm‡K j•NbKi‡Z cv‡i bv|

GKRb gyRZvwn‡`i Aek¨KiYxq n‡jv cÖZxqgvb Gme we‡iv‡aimgš^qmvab Kiv| hw` weev`gvb mvÿ¨ ywU yB cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ nq,Z‡e †mfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv `iKvi| hw` GUv m¤¢e bv nq Z‡e gyRZvwn`‡Kwe‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e Df‡qi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb Ki‡eb A_©vr

GKwU‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` G cÖwµqv‡ZI m¤¢e bv nq Z‡e cÖgvY ywUimgqKvj ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡eb Ges Zv‡Z evwZjKi‡Yi bxwZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Zn‡e| G‡Z cieZx© cÖgvY AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e| hw` G cÖwµqv‡ZI m¤¢e bv nqZ‡e Dfq cÖgvYB evwZj Ki‡Z n‡e| hLb we`¨gvb cÖgvY ywUi aib Avgnq †m‡ÿ‡Î GKR‡bi DwPZ weavbwUi cÖ‡qv‡Mi welqe¯‘ wPwýZ Kiv(†hgb GKwU eq¯‹‡`i †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨wU Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡iAcÖvßeq¯‹‡`i †ÿ‡Î A_ev GKwU Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i weevwnZ‡`i †ÿ‡Î,Ab¨wU Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i AweevwnZ‡`i †ÿ‡Î)| GKwU mvÿ¨ hw` nq AvgGes Ab¨wU hw` nq Lvm, Z‡e Gi mgvavb n‡jv ZvLwmm Avj Avg (Av‡giwKq`s‡ki wbw`©óKiY)|

cÖZxqgvb we‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y †hLv‡b y‡Uv cÖgvY GKB mv‡_ Kvh©Ki Kivm¤¢e bq †m‡ÿ‡Î wb‡gœv³ wewa AbymiY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

1. ¯úó cvV A¯úó cv‡Vi Dci cÖvavb¨ cv‡e|

2. mvwin ( Ñ RwUjZvnxb) cvV‡K wKbvqvn ( Ñ y‡e©va¨) cv‡ViDci Ges nvwKwK ( Ñ kvwãK) cvV‡K gvRvwR ( Ñ iƒcK) cv‡ViDci AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡e|

3. Beviv Avj bvm‡K ( ) Bkviv Avj bv‡mi ( ) DciAMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡e|

4. gyZvIqvwZi ( ) nvw`m gvkûi ( ) nvw`‡mi Dci Ges gvkûinvw`m Avnv` ( ) nvw`‡mi Dci AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e|

5. dwKn ( ) ev wewkó mvnvwe KZ…©K ewY©Z nvw`m Ab¨‡`i Dci cÖvavb¨cv‡e|

6. wb‡lavÁv Aby‡gv`‡bi Dci AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e|

hw` †Kv‡bvfv‡eB mgš^qmvab ev GKwU‡K Ab¨wUi Dci AMÖvwaKvi †`qvm¤¢e bv nq Z‡e mvÿ¨ ywU‡K evwZ‡ji c`‡ÿc wb‡Z n‡e|

G‡ÿ‡Î kviC m~Î n‡jv

A_©vr mg-gh©v`vm¤úbœ ywU cÖgvY hLb ci¯úiwe‡ivax iƒ‡c cÖZxqgvb n‡e,ZLb ywUB evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| c~e©eZx© Aa¨v‡q evwZjKi‡Yi weavbAv‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| weev`gvb ywU wKqv‡mi gv‡S mgš^q m¤¢e bv n‡jGKwU‡K AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡e|

29

BRwZnv`

BRwZnv` ( ): g~j kã Ryn` ev Rvnv`v ( ) †_‡K BRwZnv`( ) kãwU DcRvZ| BRwZnv` kãwUi AvÿwiK A_© n‡jv msMÖvg Kivev AvZ¥cÖ‡Póv| BRwZnv` eyw×e„wËK cÖ‡Póv‡K aviY K‡i| BRwZnv`BmjvwgK AvB‡bi GKwU e¨vcK Drm Ges KziAvb I mybœvni c‡iB Gi¯’vb|

ivm~j (m.)-Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ga¨ w`‡q KziAvb Ges mybœvn cwic~Y©Zv†c‡q‡Q| wKš‘ BRwZnv` Pjgvb welqÑ bZzb ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ Dc‡hvRb,bZzb wePvh© welq‡K gvwb‡q †bqvi ÿgZv Ges KziAvb I mybœvni c‡i GwUBmjvgx AvB‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Drm ev c×wZ hv bZzb AvBb m„wó K‡i|

KziAvb Ges mybœvni evB‡i Bmjvgx AvB‡bi Drm wn‡m‡e BRwZnv`BAvek¨Kxqfv‡e bZzb bZzb AvBb iPbv K‡i| hw` KziAvb Ges mybœvnicv‡V cwi®‹vifv‡e weav‡bi D‡jøL _v‡K ZLb BRwZnv` Kvh©Ki _v‡K bv|BRwZnv` Øviv cÖ`Ë ivq Avewk¨Kfv‡e Rvwbœ cÖK…wZi| BRwZnv‡`iwelqe¯‘ kwiqvni cÖv‡qvwMK weavbÑ hv bm KZ…©K e¨vL¨vZ nqwb|BRwZnv` we‡klÁ‡`i `vwqZ¡| welqwU hw` Riæwi nq Z‡e BRwZnv`‡hvM¨we‡klÁ‡`i Rb¨ Zv eva¨Zvg~jK (dvi` Avj AvBb ev IqvwRe AvjAvBb)| hw` welqwU Riæwi bv nq Z‡e Gi mgvavb mgwóMZfv‡e `vqe×(dvi` Avj wKdvqv ev IqvwRe Avj wKdvqv)|

GKRb we‡klÁ ZvKwj` ( Ñ Ab¨ GKRb we‡klÁ‡K AÜ AbyKiY)cwinvi Ki‡eb| mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ ZvKwj` Aby‡gvw`Z| Be‡b nvRgg‡b K‡ib ZvKwj` Kv‡iv Rb¨B Aby‡gvw`Z bq| kvn IqvjxDjøvn D‡jøLK‡i‡QbÑ †h mvgvb¨ wKQz n‡jI AbymÜv‡bi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L Zvi Rb¨ZvKwj` Aby‡gvw`Z bq|

BRwZnv` KziAvb, mybœvn Ges mvnvwe‡`i PP©v Øviv cÖgvwYZ| BRwZnv‡`img_©‡b KziAv‡b DwjøwLZ AvqvZmg~n n‡jv 4:59, 9:122, 29:69 Ges59:2| GmKj AvqvZ cÖK…wZMZ w`K †_‡K Rvwbœ ai‡bi|

BRwZnv‡`i ¯^c‡ÿ AmsL¨ nvw`‡mi D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨

y‡Uv LyeB D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÖ_g nvw`mwU n‡jv †hLv‡b gyAvR web Rvevj(iv.) ivm~j (m.)-Gi cÖwZDˇi e‡j‡Qb hw` wZwb KziAvb ev nvw`‡mmgm¨vi mgvavb Lyu‡R bv cvb, Z‡e BRwZnv‡`i Øvi¯’ n‡eb Ges ivm~j(m.) G‡Z m¤§wZ w`‡jb (Avey `vD`)| wØZxq nvw`m n‡jv †hLv‡b ivm~j(m.) e‡j‡QbÑ GKRb gyRZvwn` y‡Uv mIqve cv‡eb hw` wZwb h_v_© nb,Avi GKwU mIqve cv‡eb hw` wZwb fzj K‡ib (Avey `vD`)|

BRwZnv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zvi welq KwZcq we‡klÁ D‡jøLK‡i‡Qb| G wel‡q KziAvb I nvw`‡m wKQzi D‡jøL †bB| cÂg kZvãx‡ZAveyj û‡mBb Avj emix cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv gyRZvwn‡`i †hvM¨ZvigvcKvwVi wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ K‡ib Ges cieZx©‡Z Mv¾vwj I Avwgw` ZvMÖnY K‡ib| GUv wVK †h BRwZnv‡`i Rb¨ GKRb †hvM¨ we‡kl‡ÁicÖ‡qvRb| BRwZnv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zv n‡jv:

1. Aviwe fvlv m¤ú‡K© fv‡jv Ávb|

2. KziAvb, nvw`m Ges GZ`m¤úwK©Z wel‡q Aek¨B Ávbx n‡Z n‡e|

3. c~e©eZx© gyRZvwn` KZ…©K M„nxZ BRwZnv` wel‡q Ávbx n‡Z n‡e|

4. kwiqvni gvKvwm` m¤ú‡K© Ávbx n‡Z n‡e|

5. gyRZvwn`‡K Aek¨B mr cÖK…wZi Ges mej I ye©j mv‡ÿ¨i gv‡Scv_©K¨ Kivi †ÿ‡Î †hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|

GUv Aek¨B cÖZxqgvb nq †h, cÖ‡qvRbxq †hvM¨Zvi gvcKvwV AZ¨šÍK‡Vvi| wKš‘ ev¯Íe welq Zv bq| GKRb GKwbô Ges †hvM¨ e¨w³i c‡ÿGKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ Gme †hvM¨Zv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e| AwaKvsk IjvgvG gZ †cvlY K‡ib †hÑ hw` GKRb e¨w³ GKwU †ÿ‡Î BRwZnv‡`i†hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡ib Z‡e wZwb mKj †ÿ‡ÎB BRwZnv‡`i AwaKvi iv‡Lb|BRwZnv‡`i aib Ggb †h gyRZvwn` cÖ_‡g KziAvb Ges mybœvn‡Z mgvavbLuyR‡eb Ges †mLv‡b hw` mgvavb bv cvb Z‡e wZwb BRwZnv‡`i ¯§iYvcbœn‡eb|

AwaKvs‡ki gZvgZ n‡jv BRwZnv` fzj n‡Z cv‡i| msL¨vjNy Ask g‡bK‡ib Avjv`v iv‡qi cÖwZwUB Zv‡`i †hvM¨Zv Abyhvqx wVK|

gyRZvwn`‡`i bvbvfv‡e wefvRb Kiv m¤¢e| Z‡e A‡b‡K gyRZvwn`‡`i†evSvi ÿgZvi Dci wfwË K‡i †kªwY wefvRb K‡i‡Qb| †gŠwjK †kªwYwefvRb n‡jv wbgœiƒc:

1. D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gyRZvwn` Ñ hviv wb‡RivB BRwZnv‡`i weavb ˆZwi K‡i‡QbGes e¨vcK msL¨vq BRwZnv` K‡i‡Qb|

30

2. Ab¨vb¨ gyRZvwn` Ñ hviv AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î Ab¨vb¨ gyRZvwn` KZ…©KcÖYxZ BRwZnv‡`i wewa AbymiY K‡ib Ges wKQz †ÿ‡Î BRwZnv`K‡i‡Qb|

wKQz wKQz we‡klÁ cÖ_g K‡qK kZvãx ci Avi BRwZnv` n‡e bv e‡j‡Qb|GB gZvgZ GLb cÖZ¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| Avjøvgv kvIKvwb e‡jb, G gZP‚ovšÍfv‡e cwiZ¨vR¨| Avjøvgv BKev‡ji g‡Z BRwZnv‡`i `iRv eÜ K‡i†`qv GKwU ÔcÖK…Z AjxK KvwnbxÕ| Bmjvgx mf¨Zvi fwel¨r DbœwZ wbf©iKi‡Q †hvM¨ we‡klÁ KZ…©K cÖYxZ BRwZnv‡`i Dci| fwel¨‡Zmw¤§wjZfv‡e AwaKZi BRwZnv` cÖYxZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

MÖš’cwÄ

1. wcÖwÝcvjm Ae BmjvwgK RywimcÖæ‡WÝ, W. gynv¤§` nvwkg Kvgvwj, w` BmjvwgK†U·U †mvmvBwU, 5 wMÖb w÷ªU, K¨vgweªR, wmwe23†RBD, BD‡K, 1991|

2. w` WKwUªb Ae BRgv Bb Bmjvg, Avng` nvmvb, BmjvwgK wimvP© BÝwUwUDU,Bmjvgvev`, 1970|

3. w` wd‡jvmwd Ae RywimcÖ‡WÝ Bb Bmjvg, mewn ivRe gvngvmvwb, B †R weªj,wjB‡Wb, 1911|

4. Dmyj Avj wdK‡ni Dci iwPZ wewfbœ eB Ges wbeÜ, W. Zvnv Rvwei AvjAvjIqvwb, AvBAvBAvBwU, BDGmG|

5. Dm~jyj wdKn, Avey hvniv, W. Avj wdKi Avj Avivwe, Kvq‡iv, 1958|

6. Bjgy Dm~wjj wdKn, Avã Avj Iqvnve Lvjøvd, `vi Avj Kvjvg, Kz‡qZ, 12Zg msKjb, 1978|

7. Dm~jyj wdKn, kvBL gynv¤§` Avj LyØvix, `vi Avj wdKn, Kvq‡iv, 1981|

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