Vatican I and II

Vatican I

Church History Timeline

C. 30 Jesus’ life, death, and

resurrection

Pentecost

Council Of

Jerusalem C. 50

Edict of Milan

313

Council of Nicaea

325

Age of Martyrs 37-312

Council of Constantinople

381

Council of Ephesus

431

The Great Schism

1054

The Protestant Reformation

1517

-Crusades -Inquisition

-Papal Schism C.1000-1500

The Enlightenment 1637

Fall of Rome

476

Vatican I 1869

Council of

Trent 1543

The Orthodox Church Begins

33,000 different denominations

Council of hippo

393

The “dark” ages500-1000

Vatican I 1869-1970

• Began in 1869

Vatican I 1869-1970• Vatican I was called in response to

how the Church was affected by the enlightenment and modern ideas – 1st council with American

Bishops • Goals of the Council

– Restate the faith which has been attacked by modernism

– Identify the relationship between Church and new forms of state government

– Explain the nature and structure of the Church

Vatican I 1869-1970

• Dei Filius – There is God-given objective

truth – The existence of God can be

known through reason alone – Faith and reason are

complementary

Vatican I 1869-1970• The Council is mostly known for

defining papal infallibility • Papal Infallibility – (1) has to teach ex cathedra, that is, as the successor of St. Peter (2) has to be a matter of faith and morals (3) has to be declared as binding

Vatican I 1869-1970

• The Council was cut short due to the Franco-Prussian war.

The Changing Times• The later part of the 19th century show

a world dealing with the rise of new and problematic things.

• Social theories such as Communism and Socialism begin

• Friedrich Nietzsche and his philosophical nihilism become extremely popular in Europe.

• The Industrial revolution begins and the world has to wrestle with questions of workers rights.

Pope Leo XIII• Main objective was to reach out to the modern world

– Many believed that Europe moved so far from its Christian roots that the Church should give up on public affairs

– Leo addressed the many social and economic problems that went along with the industrial revolution, socialism, and communism

– Wrote the prayer to St. Michael • Rerum Novarum – (On Capital and Labor 1891) first major

social encyclical – Socialism – He exposed socialism as an attack on human

freedom and dignity – Labor unions – workers have a right to join together and

strike if necessary – Family – man precedes the state and the family is the

foundation of society – Rights of workers – just wage for family, rights to work

and safety

Pope St. Pius X• Giuseppe Sarto wanted to be a simple parish

priest – Very dedicated to his duties and teaching

• Papacy – Motto – “To restore all things in Christ” – Liturgy – Called for the reception of Holy

Communion for children and revised the Liturgy of Hours

– Catechesis – he established the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine (CCD)

– Canon Law – organized the various laws of the Church

– Modernism – calls modernism the “synthesis of all heresies” and requires an oath of all theology professors

– Scripture – supported the renewal of biblical studies

Date: 1962-1965 AD

Vatican II(The 2nd Vatican CounciL)

Event 18

Church History Timeline

C. 30 Jesus’ life, death, and

resurrection

Pentecost

Council Of

Jerusalem C. 50

Edict of Milan

313

Council of Nicaea

325

Age of Martyrs 37-312

Council of Constantinople

381

Council of Ephesus

431

The Great Schism

1054

The Protestant Reformation

1517

-Crusades -Inquisition

-Papal Schism C.1000-1500

The Enlightenment 1637

Fall of Rome

476

Vatican I 1869

Council of

Trent 1543

Vatican II 1962

The Orthodox Church Begins

33,000 different denominations

Council of hippo

393

The “dark” ages500-1000

Vatican II 1962-1965• There were a total of 4 sessions

– Just less than 3,000 bishops attended this council

• Many separated brothers and sisters from the Eastern Church and various protestant denominations were invited – They attended as observers

• This council was widely covered by the news media

• It focused on: – Nature of the Church – Role of the bishop – Renewal of the Church – Ecumenism - an effort to restore unity

among Christians – Dialogue with the modern world

Vatican II• 4 major constitutions

– Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy – renewal in liturgical life especially among the laity, called for Latin and vernacular, new form of the Mass (This is the common Mass in America today, the Novus Ordo)

– Dogmatic Constitution on the Church – focused on the nature and mission of the Church

– Dogmatic Constitution on Revelation – discusses how God revealed himself through tradition and scripture

– Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World – describes the role of the Church and the conditions of the modern world

Implementation of Vatican II

• Implementation of the Council – The effectiveness of a council depends on how it is

implemented – Those who were at the council clearly saw it as a work of

the Holy Spirit – JPII said it was a “gift of the Spirit to the Church”

• Some used the council to further their own agenda – They talk about the “spirit” of Vatican II – Some leaders began to do whatever they wanted with the

liturgy and doctrine – This led to various misunderstandings of the Council

Pope St. Paul VI• Shortly after the calling of the Council, Pope

John XXIII died and Paul VI was elected – He approved the 16 documents of Vatican II

• He worked diligently to curb the false interpretation of the council

• Humanae Vitae (1968) – In this encyclical he defended the Church's

teaching on marriage and family – He illustrated through faith and reason

why contraception is immoral: it breaks the unitive and procreative meaning of marital love

– He also speaks about responsible parenthood

Vatican I and II