Victorian Winter Crop Summary Winter Crop Summary 2014 3 INTRODUCTION THE WINTER CROP SUMMARY This...

Victorian Winter Crop

Summary2014

http://www.nvtonline.com.au


http://www.depi.vic.gov.au

http://www.grdc.com.au

© The State of Victoria Department of Environment and Primary Industries Melbourne 2014

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo and the Department of Environment and Primary Industries logo.

To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en

Print managed by Finsbury Green, March 2014

ISSN 1835-5978

Accessibility

If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone DEPI Customer Service Centre on 13 61 86, email [email protected], or contact the National Relay Service on 133 677, www.relayservice.com.au.

This document is also available on the internet at www.depi.vic.gov.au.

Disclaimer

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en

mailto:customer.service%40depi.vic.gov.au?subject=

http://www.relayservice.com.au

VICTORIAN

WINTER CROP SUMMARY

2014

Department of Environment and Primary Industries

Editor

Katherine Hollaway – Horsham

2 Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2014

CONTENTS

Introduction 3

Wheat 5

Barley 23

Oat 34

Triticale 39

Canola 43

Field Pea 56

Lentil 62

Faba Bean 67

Lupin 71

Chickpea 75

This guide can be downloaded to your computer or tablet atwww.grdc.com.au/NVT-Victorian-Winter-Crop-Summary

Remember to update it each March.

http://www.grdc.com.au/NVT-Victorian-Winter-Crop-Summary

INTRODUCTION

Victorian Winter Crop Summary 2014 3

INTRODUCTIONTHE WINTER CROP SUMMARYThis publication summarises information on current varieties of the major winter crops grown in Victoria. Sources of additional information are listed in each chapter. Local advisers are also a key resource for information relevant to individual localities.

This publication aims to prompt growers to ask themselves, ‘Am I growing the best variety for my situation?’ Use it as a guide for discussion with consultants, advisers and marketing agents.

Thank you to the Grains Research and Development Corporation for their support in making this guide available for Victoria.

More informationAdditional information on the National Variety Trials (NVT)is available from NVTOnline at www.nvtonline.com.au.The Winter Crop Summary is available online at www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops and can be downloaded to your computer or tablet at www.grdc.com.au/NVT-Victorian-Winter-Crop-Summary.

National Variety Trials (NVT) The majority of variety trials presented in this book are sourced from the NVT program. NVT also provide data from some breeding trials to add to the information available. In Victoria, NVTs are fully funded by the GRDCand in 2013 were contracted to two Service Providers: Agrisearch Services Pty Ltd and South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI).

NVTs provide independent information on varieties for growers. The aim of each NVT is to document a ranking of

new and widely adopted varieties in terms of grain yield and to provide grain quality information relevant to delivery standards. NVTs are also used by pathologists to determine disease resistance ratings used in the Winter Crop Summary.

Conducted to a set of predetermined protocols, NVTs are sown and managed as close as possible to local best practice such as sowing time, fertiliser application, weed management and pest and disease control, including fungicide application. NVTs are not designed to grow varieties to their maximum yield potential.

It is acknowledged that an ongoing project of this type would not be possible without the cooperation of farmers prepared to contribute sites and who often assist with the management of trials on their property.

Plant Breeding Rights (PBR) Varieties subject to Plant Breeding Rights at the time of printing are annotated with the symbol . It should be noted that ‘Unauthorised commercial propagation or any sale, conditioning, export, import or stocking of propagation material of these varieties is an infringement under the Plant Breeders Right Act 1994 and that any breaching of PBR law is punishable by a maximum $50 000 fine for each offence’.

End Point Royalties (EPR’s) EPR’s payable for 2014-15 are quoted from varietycentral.com.au and are quoted ex-GST. Compliance with EPR systems is vital to assure the future of the Australian grains industry through the funding of new varieties and long term productivity gains.

Figure 1: 2013 Victorian rainfall deciles for summer (January to March). Source: Bureau of Meteorology.


http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops


http://www.grdc.com.au/NVT-Victorian-Winter-Crop-Summary

http://varietycentral.com.au

http://www.bom.gov.au


THE SEASON

Season 2013A dry summer and autumn delayed the start to the season and meant that crops started with no stored subsoil moisture.

Rainfall deciles for 2013 summer (January to March) and the growing season (April to November) are shown in Figure 1 and 2. Although Figure 2 shows a generally average growing season it should be noted that the majority of the growing season rainfall fell over the winter with a period of drier conditions in early spring.

Rainfall deciles tended to drier than average in the Mallee and average to wetter than average elsewhere and this is reflected in crop yields.

There were limited opportunities to control weeds before sowing and regular rainfall during winter also made post-emergent weed control difficult.

Temperatures were mild throughout the winter and there were few really hot days as crops matured. This allowed crops to fill well despite the drier conditions in spring. Likewise it was an unusually cool harvest.

A series of frosts in late October, early November damaged pulses in the Mallee and northern Wimmera, and cereals and canola from the east Wimmera across to the North Central and North East.

Dry conditions in early spring meant the Mallee finished the season early as did parts of the North Central and North

East. For growers further south of these areas the cooler weather in late spring and eary summer meant a slightly later harvest than normal.

Yields were below average to average in the Mallee. Wimmera yields were average to above average. Yields in the North Central and North East were more variable with average to excellent results except where frost affected yield and quality. Southern harvests were average to above average with some paddocks in Gippsland adversely affected by waterlogging.

Looking forward to 2014Up until early February the 2013-14 summer has been a dry with the exception of parts of the North East. Many areas have no stored moisture and unless there is late summer rain or an early break, growers in the lower rainfall areas would be wise to adopt a conservative approach.

Despite low mouse populations growers are being warned to be on the alert for a potential increase in numbers. Above average yields and windy conditions have combined to increase the amount of spilled grain left in paddocks. If weed growth is promoted by summer rains mouse numbers can increase rapidly to plague proportions.

There were a number of header fires during the 2013 harvest, particularly when harvesting lentils. The Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) hasproduced a Back Pocket Guide that outlines simple steps that can minimise fire risk at harvest. The Reducing Harvester Fire Risk guide is available at www.grdc.com.au/GRDC-BPG-ReducingHarvesterFireRisk

Figure 2: 2013 Victorian rainfall deciles for the growing season (April to November). Source: Bureau of Meteorology.

http://www.grdc.com.au/GRDC-BPG-ReducingHarvesterFireRisk

http://www.bom.gov.au

WHEAT

Wheat

Victorian Winter Crop Summary 5

WHEAT REVIEW OF 2013

Season Despite a late start to the season mild conditions and regular rainfall throughout winter and most of the spring generally provided good growing conditions.

Dry conditions in the Mallee during early spring led to an earlier finish reducing yields. While further south it was relatively cool with plenty of time for grain to fill resulting in a slightly later than usual harvest. Yields in the Wimmera and south were average to above average.

Unfortunately, there was severe damage to wheat from frosts in the North East, North Central and some areas further west. While hay cutting can be an option for frosted crops, low prices and the late timing of the frost meant that much of the wheat was at too late a stage to be cut for hay. Many crops yielded well below half of their yield potential in these cases.

Disease In contrast to recent seasons, rust pressure during 2013 was low. Rust can only survive on living plants and the dry 2012-13 summer and autumn greatly reduced the survival of volunteer cereals (i.e. the ‘green bridge’) and therefore inoculum carry over. In most cases, stripe rust was only observed in the more susceptible cultivars late in the season, while stem rust was not observed.

Stubble borne diseases, particularly yellow leaf spot, were favoured by the reduced stubble breakdown during the dry summer/autumn and the good winter rains that followed.Diseases were more severe when susceptible varieties were sown into diseased stubble.

Septoria tritici blotch, favoured by the wet winter, has again increased in importance in the high rainfall region. In addition, the detection of strains with reduced fungicide sensitivity highlights the importance of using fungicides in a way that delays further development of fungicide resistance.

Crown rot caused whiteheads in wheat crops during 2013, particularly where there was a dry spring in many parts of the Mallee.

LOOKING FORWARD TO 2014

New varietiesNew bread varieties added to the guide this year are LRPB Lancer, LRPB Trojan and Suntop.

LRPB Gazelle is a new biscuit wheat. Manning is a new feed/dual purpose wheat. There are no new durum wheats.

Quality changesWheat Quality Australia (WQA) has consolidated classification zones with Victorian and South Australia now combined in the new Southern zone. This means that all Durum wheat varieties are now classified as ADR rather than Feed.

AH upgrades are Grenade CL Plus, Kord CL Plus, LRPBCobra, LRPB Dart and LRPB Phantom. LRPB impala has been upgraded to ASF1.

DiseaseVariety selection and robust disease management plans will be critical for minimising the impact of disease on cereal crops during 2013. The disease rating information provided in Table 3 will assist in selecting the most resistant cultivars possible and also identify which varieties will need additional disease management.

Rust pressure during 2014 will be low due to the dry conditions during spring and early summer, combined with low rust pressure during 2013 reducing inoculum carry over. However, growers must still have a plan to manage cereal rusts in susceptible varieties as rust can quickly build up if suitable conditions occur.

During 2013, there were several reports of a relatively new strain of stripe rust in Victoria. Even though this strain was first observed in NSW during 2010 it was not considered important in Victoria until this year. The occurrence of this strain has implications for the varieties Livingston, GBA Ruby and Waagan with new ratings shown in the Wheat Disease Reaction Table.

Yellow leaf spot was common in many Mallee and northern Wimmera crops during 2013 where susceptible varieties were sown into infected stubble. Yellow leaf spot is best controlled by avoiding sowing susceptible varieties into paddocks with infected stubble present. The pressure from yellow leaf spot will be greatly reduced if susceptible (S) and very susceptible varieties (VS) are replaced with those rated moderately susceptible (MS) or better. Complete resistance is not needed to achieve sustainable control of this disease.

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), an important stubble borne disease, has continued to increase in importance in the high rainfall regions. STB can be reduced by avoiding susceptible and very susceptible cultivars and by avoiding paddocks with infected wheat stubble still present. Should foliar fungicides be required they should be applied early in the disease development. If infection is established during the autumn an application at growth stage 31-32 may be required with a subsequent application at GS39.

MORE INFORMATION

www.nvtonline.com.auDetailed NVT trial results and links to variety information.

www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG0508 Growing wheat• AG1160 Cereal disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS

Information about each variety is presented as overview statements, then as comparison tables of yield, crop growth and disease reaction characteristics.

Abbreviations used are:denotes that Plant Breeder Rights apply

CCN Cereal Cyst NematodeBYDV Barley Yellow Dwarf VirusRLN Root Lesion Nematode



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-wheat

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/pests-diseases-and-weeds/plant-diseases/grains-pulses-and-cereals/

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-diseases-application-for-smartphones

Wheat


APH Australian Prime Hard (min protein 13%)AH Australian Hard (min protein 11.5%)APW Australian Premium White (min protein 10%)ASW Australian Standard WhiteADR Australian DurumASWN Australian Noodle (Protein 9.5–11.5%)ASF Australian SoftFEED Australian Feed* denotes default classification

End Point Royalty (EPR) 2014-15 quoted $/tonne ex-GST.

Bread wheat – AXE AH quality in Victoria. Semi dwarf awned wheat with early maturity. Stem rust MS, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust MR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot S. MS to Pratylenchus neglectus.Good yield under terminal drought stress, large grains and SVS to pre-harvest sprouting. Released 2007 and marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.

Bread wheat – BOLAC AH quality in Victoria. Fully awned, mid to late season maturity suited to high rainfall zones. Stem rust MRMS,stripe rust RMR, leaf rust MS, CCN S and yellow leaf spot S. Bolac is a high yielding milling wheat for south-west Victoria. Bolac has small grain size and is best suited to an early May sowing. Released 2006 and marketed by Viterra.EPR $2.10.

Bread wheat – CHARA AH quality in Victoria. White grained with short coleoptile and slow early vigour suited to medium to high rainfall zones. Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust MSS, leaf rust MS, CCN R and yellow leaf spot MSS. Performs well on the moderately acid soils of central and north-eastern Victoria and southern NSW and irrigation where high yields are possible. Good straw strength. Has a reputation for water logging tolerance. Registered 1999 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $1.

Bread wheat – CORACK APW quality in Victoria. An early to mid-maturing variety derived from Wyalkatchem. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MS, leaf rust MS, CCN RMR and yellow leaf spot MR#. High yield potential, good wheat on wheat option with large grain and low screenings. Susceptible to black point. Released 2011. Developed (as VW2316) and marketed by AGT.EPR $3.

Bread wheat – CORRELL AH quality in Victoria. Fully awned with mid seasonmaturity. Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MSS, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot SVS. Tolerant of boron toxicity, SVS to pre-harvest sprouting and low test weights. Released 2007 and marketed by AGT Seeds. EPR $2.

Bread wheat – DERRIMUT AH quality in Victoria. Semi dwarf early to mid season variety widely adapted in Victoria. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MSS, leaf rust R, CCN R and yellow leaf spot S. Moderately tolerant of boron toxicity and moderate grain size. Released 2007 and marketed by Nuseed. EPR $2.95.

Bread wheat – EGA GREGORY APW* quality in Victoria. Early to mid season variety with medium to slow maturity suited to north eastern Victoria. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MSS. Released 2004 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $2.10.

Bread wheat – EGA WEDGETAIL APW* quality in Victoria. A mid to long season dual-purpose winter wheat. Developed for April sowing, suited to medium-high rainfall areas. Has a similar maturity to Rosella. Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust MS, leaf rust MS,CCN S and yellow leaf spot MSS. Tolerant of acid soils and suitable for early winter grazing. Registered 2002 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $1.45.

Bread wheat – ELMORE CL PLUS AH quality in Victoria. Mid maturing variety with similar adaptation to Janz best suited to moderate to high yielding areas. Stem rust R, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust RMR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot S. A two gene Clearfield varietytolerant to label rates of Intervix® herbicide. Released 2011. Developed and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.55.

Bread wheat – EMU ROCK AH quality in Victoria. An awned semi-dwarf early season variety with broad adaptation. Produces large grain with good test weight, has a low susceptibility to screenings.Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MSS, CCN Sand yellow leaf spot MRMS. Offers partial crown rot resistance (MS). Released 2011. Bred (IGW3167) and marketed by InterGrain. EPR $3.50.

Bread wheat – ESTOC APW quality in Victoria. A mid to late season white chaffed and awned variety slightly earlier flowering than Yitpi. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MRMS, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot MSS. Is similar to Yitpi, has boron tolerance and has outperformed Yitpi in dry seasons. Tolerant of pre-harvest sprouting. Released 2010(RAC1412) and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.

Bread wheat – FORREST APW quality in Victoria. Awned semi dwarf long season variety suited to the high rainfall zones for April to early May sowing. Stem rust R, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust MR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Possesses resistance/tolerance to Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus. Released 2011. Bred by Advantage Wheats and marketed by Seednet. EPR $3.50.

Bread wheat – GLADIUS AH quality in Victoria. Fully awned semi dwarf mid season variety which has wide adaptation. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MS, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MS. Gladius has performed well in a range of environments and seasons and was specifically bred to assist managing in-season drought risks. SVS to pre-harvest sprouting. Released 2007 and marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.

Bread wheat – GRENADE CL PLUSAH quality in Victoria. Fully awned early-mid season variety. Two gene tolerance to label rates of Intervix® herbicide and a sister line to Justica CL Plus. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MS, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MS. Tolerant to boron and acid soils. Released 2012, tested as RAC1689R and marketed by AGT.EPR $3.80.

Wheat


Bread Wheat – JUSTICA CL PLUS APW quality in Victoria. Fully awned semi dwarf with mid season maturity. Two gene tolerance to label rates of Intervix® herbicide. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MSS, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot S. Moderately tolerant to boron. Released 2010 and marketed by AGT.EPR $3.55.

Bread wheat – KELLALACAPW quality in Victoria. A late maturity spring wheat, well adapted to longer season environments, but not tolerant of very acid soils. Stem rust MSS, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust S, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot S. Released 1988.

Bread Wheat – KORD CL PLUSAH quality in Victoria. Fully awned semi dwarf with mid season maturity. Two gene tolerance to label rates of Intervix® herbicide. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MS, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot MSS. Based on Gladius with very similar adaptation. SVS to pre-harvest sprouting. Released 2011 and marketed by AGT.EPR $3.55.

Bread Wheat – LIVINGSTON AH quality in Victoria. An early maturing, fully awned variety of semi dwarf height and medium straw strength suited to north eastern Victoria. Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust R, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MS. Has performed well in short finishing seasons without compromising performance in normal seasons. Released 2007 and marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.

Bread wheat – LRPB COBRA AH quality in Victoria. High yielding early-mid season variety suited to both acid soils and alkaline soil types. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MSS, leaf rust MR, CCN MRMSand yellow leaf spot MRMS. Compact plant height, moderately resistant to lodging, but SVS to pre-harvest sprouting. Able to capitalise on above average rainfall. Released 2012, tested as LPB07-0956 marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $3.50.

Bread wheat – LRPB DART AH quality in Victoria. Very early maturing suited to acid soils in north central and north east Victoria. Short to medium plant height will assist in short finishing seasons.Long coleoptile. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MR, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MS. Released 2012, tested as LPB07-1325 and marketed by Pacific Seeds.EPR $4.

Bread wheat – LRPB GAUNTLET APW quality in Victoria. A mid to late season variety suited to acid soils in north central and north east Victoria. Short to medium plant height with good early vigour. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MRMS, CCN MRMS andyellow leaf spot MSS. Released 2012, tested as LPB06-1120 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $3.

Bread wheat – LRPB LANCERAPW* quality in Victoria. Mid-long season variety for early planting. Semi-dwarf with awns suited to medium to high rainfall areas. Stem rust R, stripe rust MR, leaf rust RMR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MS. Moderate lodging resistance. Released 2013, tested as LPB07-0548 andmarketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $4.25.

Bread wheat – LRPB LINCOLN AH quality in Victoria. Mid season variety, semi dwarf with awns suited to medium to high rainfall areas. Stem rust MR, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust MR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MS. Good straw strength, but SVS to pre-harvest sprouting. Best suited to central and north eastern Victoria. Released 2007 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $2.50.

Bread wheat – LRPB MERLIN AH quality in Victoria. An early to mid season variety suited to north east and north central Vic. Large grain. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MS, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot S. Released 2012, tested as LPB06-1186 andmarketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $3.80.

Bread wheat – LRPB PHANTOM AH quality in Victoria. A mid to late season variety tolerant of boron and and acid soil tolerance. Good black point tolerance. Stem rust MS, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MS, CCN MRMS and yellow leaf spot SVS. Released 2012, tested as LPB07-1040 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $3.80.

Bread wheat – LRPB SCOUT AH quality in Victoria Potential replacement for Yitpi particularly in the Mallee. An awned white chaff variety with mid season maturity and has wide adaptation across Victoria. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MS, leaf rust R, CCN R and yellow leaf spot SVS. Susceptible to black point. Adapted to alkaline soils. Released 2009 (LPB05-1164)and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $2.80.

Bread wheat – LRPB SPITFIRE AH quality in Victoria. Early to mid season maturity with white chaff and medium plant height suited to north central and north east Victoria. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MS, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MSS. Moderately susceptible to lodging and S to black point. Released 2010 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $3.50.

Bread wheat – LRPB TROJANAPW quality in Victoria. Mid-long season variety. Semi-dwarf with awns suited to medium to high rainfall areas. Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MR, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MSS. Moderate resistance to lodging and moderate tolerance to boron and aluminium. EPR $ Released 2013, tested as LPB08-1799 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $4.00.

Bread wheat – MACE AH quality in Victoria. An awned variety of medium height targeted to areas where stripe rust is not a problem. Stem rust MR, stripe rust SVS, leaf rust MR, CCN MRMS and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Tolerant of boron. Growers of Mace must implement a comprehensive fungicide strategy to control stripe rust. Released 2008, marketed by AGT.EPR $3.

Bread wheat – MAGENTA APW quality in Victoria. An awned semi-dwarf mid to long season variety. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MS, leaf rust MS and CCN S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Has a long coleoptile with good early vigour and tillering capacity. Released 2007 and marketed by InterGrain. EPR $3.

Wheat


Bread wheat – MERINDA AH quality in Victoria. An awned semi-dwarf main season variety with white chaff that is suited to north eastern Victoria. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust R#,CCN S and yellow leaf spot MSS. Released 2007 and marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.

Bread wheat – SENTINEL3R

ASW quality in Victoria. Mid to long season variety of medium height suited to medium to high rainfall zones. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust R, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MS. Acid soil tolerant. Released 2006 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $1.80.

Bread wheat – SHIELDAH quality in Victoria. A white fully awned early-mid season variety. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust R, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot MSS. Short to medium plant height with a short coleoptile. Moderate tolerance to acid soils. Released 2012, tested as RAC1718 and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.25.

Bread wheat – SUNTOPAH quality in Victoria. A white fully awned variety with high yields that is suited to north central and north east Victoria.Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust R, CCN S andyellow leaf spot MSS. Medium plant height. Good tolerance to acid soils, but SVS to pre-harvest sprouting. Released 2012, tested as SUN595B and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.25.

Bread wheat – WAAGAN ASW quality in Victoria. White chaffed early maturing variety with awns well adapted to environments of low to medium yield potential. Stem rust MS, stripe rust S, leaf rust MS, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MS. Performed well in north central and north east Victoria in tight finishes and under moisture stress. Bred by AGT and Enterprise Grains Australia. Released 2009 and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.

Bread wheat – WALLUP AH quality in Victoria. Mid season maturity fully awned white variety suited to medium rainfall environments. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MS, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot MSS. Good straw strength and black point tolerance. Released 2011. Bred (as VV4978-1) and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.

Bread wheat – YITPI AH quality in Victoria. White fully awned semi dwarf which has dominated production in low rainfall areas of Victoria due to its high flexibility of sowing time, adaptation to stress and good physical grain quality. Stem rust S, stripe rust MRMS, leaf rust MSS, CCN MR and yellow leaf spot SVS. Boron tolerant, large grain and low screenings, Yitpi suits low – medium rainfall areas. Registered 2000 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $1.

Bread wheat – YOUNG AH quality in Victoria. An early to mid maturing variety suited to medium to low rainfall zones. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MS, leaf rust MRMS, CCN R and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Tolerant of acid soils but has small grain size. An option for wheat on wheat and tight wheat rotations. Registered 2005 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $1.70.

Biscuit wheat – BARHAM ASF1 quality in Victoria. Awnless mid season variety suited to medium to high rainfall zones or irrigation. Stem rust MR,

stripe rust MSS, leaf rust MRMS, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MSS. A replacement for Bowie suited to sweet biscuit manufacture but is intolerant of boron. Registered 2006 and marketed by Seednet.

Biscuit wheat – LRPB GAZELLE ASF1 quality in Victoria. High yielding mid-late season variety suited to medium-high rainfall zones and irrigation.Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MR, CCN S andyellow leaf spot MSS. Released 2012, tested as C51115 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $4.00.

Biscuit wheat – LRPB IMPALAASF1 quality in Victoria. High yielding early-mid season variety suited to medium rainfall zones in Victoria. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust S, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MSS. Released 2012, tested as C51021 and marketed by Pacific Seeds. EPR $3.50.

Biscuit wheat – YENDA ASF1 quality in Victoria. Awned mid to late season variety suited to medium to high rainfall zones or irrigation. Stem rust R, stripe rust S, leaf rust R, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Very high straw strength. Released 2006 by AGT and marketed by Seednet. EPR $2.

Durum – CAPAROIADR quality in Victoria. Mid season semi dwarf type developed for durum zones interstate. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MRMS and yellow leaf spot MR. Strong seedling vigour, strong straw and lodging and shedding resistance. Released 2008 and marketed by Seednet.EPR $2.60.

Durum – EGA BELLAROI ADR quality in Victoria. A mid maturing variety, earlier than Yitpi suited to 400mm+ rainfall zones. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MRMS and yellow leaf spot MRMS.Resistant to lodging. Produces good semolina colour and highly regarded for pasta quality. Registered 2002. Marketed by Heritage Seeds. EPR $2.50.

Durum – HYPERNOADR quality in Victoria. An awned mid-season white chaffed variety adapted to medium rainfall zones. Stem rust R, stripe rust MR, leaf rust RMR, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Performs well in high yielding environments but is intolerant of boron. Released 2008 and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.

Durum – JANDAROIADR quality in Victoria. Semi-dwarf with strong straw adapted to most durum growing regions. Stem rust RMR,stripe rust MR, leaf rust MR, and yellow leaf spot MRMS.Quick maturity suited to late season planting and adapted to alkaline not acid soils. Released 2007 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $2.50.

Durum – SAINTLY ADR quality in Victoria. An early maturing awnless variety suited to short season environments. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MRMS, CCN MS and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Performs well in short finishing seasons, but intolerant of boron. Released 2008 and marketed by AGT.EPR $3.

Wheat


Durum – TJILKURIADR quality in Victoria. A mid-season fully-awned variety. Stem rust MR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust RMR and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Tolerant to Boron. Developed by Waite Institute, released 2010 and marketed by SA Durum Growers Association. EPR $3.

Durum – WID802ADR quality in Victoria. An early to mid-season variety. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust RMR, CCN MSand yellow leaf spot MRMS. High yielding, but may have low protein if nitrogen is limiting. Likely to produce high screenings in short finishes. Developed by Waite Institute,released 2012 and marketed by SA Durum Growers Association. EPR $3.

Durum – YAWAADR quality in Victoria. An early to mid-season variety. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust MR, leaf rust MR, CCN MS andyellow leaf spot MRMS. High yielding, but may have low protein if nitrogen is limiting. Likely to produce high screenings in short finishes. Developed by Waite Institute(WID803), released 2012 and marketed by SA Durum Growers Association. EPR $3.

Feed – FRELONFEED quality in Victoria. An awned red winter wheat with high yield potential. It is a long season variety similar to Mackellar suitable for dual purpose applications when early sowing is possible. Stem rust S, stripe rust R, leaf rust MR, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Suited to high rainfall environments of SW Victoria and Gippsland. Bred by PBI Cambridge and developed for Australia by PGG Wrightson Grain and GrainSearch. Released 2007, marketed by AGF Seeds.

Feed – LRPB BEAUFORT FEED quality in Victoria. An awnless red grained mid to long season variety suited to high rainfall zones of southern Australia. Stem rust SVS, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust R, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Strong straw suited to early to mid season sowing with aluminium tolerance. Released 2008 and marketed by GrainSearch. EPR $3.

Feed/Dual purpose – MACKELLERFEED quality in Victoria. A dual purpose red grained awnless late maturing winter wheat for grazing/hay as well as grain production. Stem rust MR, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Suited to the drier parts of the long season zones or irrigation. Registered 2001 and marketed by Seednet.

Feed/Dual purpose – MANNINGFEED quality in Victoria. A dual purpose white grain with high yield potential suited to longer growing season zones and irrigation. Stem rust MRMS, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust R, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MRMS. Resistant to BYDV. Bred by CSIRO/GRDC (as CS9274.33), released 2013 and marketed by GrainSearch/AGF Seeds. EPR $3.50.

Feed/Dual purpose – NAPAROO FEED quality in Victoria. A white grained awnless long season winter wheat suited to hay production or grazing. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust R, leaf rust R# and yellow leaf spot MS. Released 2007. Marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.

Feed – PRESTON FEED quality in Victoria with white grain. An awned shortish semi dwarf mid to late season variety suited to the high rainfall zone. Stem rust SVS, stripe rust RMR, leaf rust

MRMS, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MSS. Longer flowering period may protect against frost damage. Released 2009and marketed by Seednet. EPR $2.20.

Feed – SCENARIOFEED quality in Victoria. Awnless red winter wheat with very high yield potential. A long season variety with similar maturity to Frelon and a direct replacement for Frelon and Amarok. Has a provisional rating of MR for stripe rust. Bred by RAGT, released 2013 and marketed by Seedforce.

Feed/Dual purpose – SQP REVENUE FEED quality in Victoria. A red grained winter wheat suited to longer growing season zones and irrigation. Stem rust RMR, stripe rust R, leaf rust R, CCN S and yellow leaf spot MS. Has good early vigour and stands well with good head retention. Bred by AusGrainz and CSIRO (as CSIRO 95102.1), released 2009 and marketed by GrainSearch.EPR $3.50.

Table 1: Suggested minimum levels of wheat disease resistance for the southern region.

Rust Yellow leaf spot

Septoria triticiAnnual

rainfallStem Stripe Leaf

Low < 350 mm MSS MS MS MSS S

Medium 300-550 mm MS MRMS MS MSS MS

High *> 500 mm MR MR MR MSS MS

* unless a suitable program of disease control by fungicideapplications can be planned and carried out.

Wheat


Table 2: Wheat variety agronomic guide.Maximum

QualityRainfall Screenings Maturity Height Coleop

lengthLodging Sprouting Head type Soil

toleranceVic Low

<400 mm

Med4-500 mm

High >500 mm

Colour Awn Boron Acid

Bread wheatAxe AH MR E M-S MS MR SVS W A I IBolac AH M-L M MR S W A I IChara AH MR M-L M M-S MR S W A MI MTCorack APW R E-M S M-S MR S W A I TCorrell AH MR M M ML MS SVS W A MT MTDerrimut AH MS E-M M-S MRMS S W A MTEGA Gregory APW* E-M MS S W AEGA Wedgetail APW* MR ML (+W) M MR S W A I MTElmore CL Plus AH MS M M M MRMS W A I IEmu Rock AH MR E S M S W AEstoc APW M-L M MR MS W A MT MTForrest APW MR L M S-M S W AGladius AH MR M M MRMS SVS W A MT MTGrenade CL Plus AH MR EM MT ML S W A MT MTJustica CL Plus APW M M S W A MTKellalac APW MS L M M S W A MI IKord CL Plus AH M M SVS W A MT MTLivingston AH E-M M MS S W A I ILRPB Cobra AH MRMS E-M S MR SVS W A I MTLRPB Dart AH MRMS E S-M L S W A I MTLRPB Gauntlet APW MRMS M-L S-M M S W A I MTLRPB Lancer APW* MR M-L S M MR S W A I MI-ILRPB Lincoln AH MR M M MS SVS W A I MTLRPB Merlin AH MR E-M M MS W A ILRPB Phantom AH MR M-L ML S W A MT MTLRPB Scout AH MR M M ML MRMS MS W A MI MTLRPB Spitfire AH MR E-M M L MS S W A I MTLRPB Trojan APW MR ML M M MR MSS W A MT MT-

MIMace AH MR E M MR S W A MTMagenta APW M-L M L MRMS S W AMerinda AH M M MRMS W ASentinel 3R ASW MRMS ML M S MRMS S W A MTShield AH MR EM SM S S W A I MTSuntop AH MRMS M M SVS W A I MTWaagan ASW E M MS W A I MIWallup AH M MR S W A I IYitpi AH MR M MT ML MS MS W A MTYoung AH MS E-M M M MSS S W A I MTBiscuit wheatBarham ASF1 M M MS S W AL I ILRPB Gazelle ASF1 MRMS M-L M MR S W A I MTLRPB Impala ASF1 MR E-M ML MS MSS W A I MTYenda ASF1 M-L RMR W A MT MTDurumCaparoi ADR M H MS MR M IEGA Bellaroi ADR R M S-M S R M W A I IHyperno ADR M M MR MR W A IJandaroi ADR E M MS MR MR ISaintly ADR E S W A ITjilkuri ADR MS M M S W/B A TWID802 ADR MS E-M MRYawa ADR MS E-M MRFeed wheatFrelon Feed L (+W) R ALRPB Beaufort Feed ML M MR-MS MR R AL MTMackeller Feed L (+W) M MR R ALManning Feed L (+W) WNaparoo Feed L (+W) W APreston Feed L S MR ASF Scenario Feed L (+W) R ALSQP Revenue Feed L (+W) S R AL

Maturity: E = early, M = mid, L = late (+W) = Winter wheat Height; S = short, M = medium, T = tallColeoptile length; S = short, M = medium, L = long Soil tolerance; I = intolerant, T = tolerantHead Colour; W = white, B = black, R = red Head type; A = awned, AL = awnlessSprouting, lodging & sprouting resistance; R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible.

Wheat


Table 3: Wheat variety disease rating guide. Rust Yellow Septoria CCN Pratylenchus CrownCommon Black Flag

Stem Stripe Leaf Leaf Spot

tritici Res P. neglectusresistance

P. thorneiresistance

Rot Root rot Tip (black point)

Smut

Bread wheatAxe MS RMR MR S SVS S MS MS S MSS S SBolac MRMS RMR MS S MS S S MS S MS MSS RMRChara MRMS MSS MS MSS MS R S MR S S MSS MRCorack MR MS MS MR# MSS RMR MSS Sp S MS MSS SCorrell MRMS MRMS MSS SVS MS MR MS S S MS MS RDerrimut MR MSS R S MSS R MSS MSS S S MSS REGA Gregory MR MR MR MSS MS S S MRMS S MSS S MSSEGA Wedgetail MRMS MS MS MSS MSS S S - S - MS MRMSElmore CL Plus MR MRMS RMR S MRMSp S - MS S MSS MS SEmu Rock MRMS MRMS MSS MRMS MSS S MS MSS MS MSS MS MSEstoc MR MRMS MRMS MSS S MR S S S MRMS MS MRMSForrest R RMR MR MRMS MRMS S S S SVS MS MR MRGladius MR MRMS MS MS MSS MS MS S S MS MS RMRGrenade CL Plus MR MRMS MS S MSS R MSS S S MRMS S RMR

Janz RMR MS MRMS S MS S MSS S S MS S -Justica CL Plus MR MRMS MSS S S MS MSS S S MS S RKellalac MSS MRMS S S MS MR S S - - - RKord CL Plus MR MRMS MS MSS MSS MR MS MS S MRMS MR MRLivingston MRMS MRMS R MS SVS MS MSS MRMS S S MRMS RLRPB Cobra RMR MSS MR MRMS MSS MRMS MS MS S MSS MSS SLRPB Dart MR MR MR MS S MS S MS MSS MS MRMSp MSSLRPB Gauntlet RMR MRMS MRMS MSS MSS MRMS S MRMS S MSS MSS MSLRPB Lancer R MR RMR MS S S S MS -LRPB Lincoln MR RMR MR MS S S MS MSS SVS MS MR RMRLRPB Merlin RMR MR MS S S MS MSS S MSS MSS S MRMSLRPB Phantom MS MR MS SVS MS MRMS S MSS MS MSS MR MRMSLRPB Scout MR MS R SVS MS R MSS MSS MSS S S MRLRPB Spitfire MR MR MS MSS MSS S - MR MSS MS S MRMSLRPB Trojan MRMS MR MR MSS MS MS MS MS MS MSS VSMace MR SVS MR MRMS MRMS MRMS MS MRMS S MS MS SMagenta RMR MS MS MRMS MRMS S MS MSS MSS MSS S SMerinda RMR MRMS R# MSS MSS S - MR - - - MSSSentinel 3R RMR RMR R MS MSS S S MSS MSS S MSS MSSShield RMR MR R MSS MSS MR MS MS S MRMS MRMSp SSuntop MR MR R MSS S MS MR MSS RWaagan MS S MS MS S S S S S S MS MSWallup RMR MRMS MS MSS MSS MR MRMS MRMS S MS MR SVSYitpi S MRMS MSS SVS MS MR MS MSS S MS MS MRYoung RMR MS MRMS MRMS MS R S MR-MS S MS-S MR MSBiscuit wheatBarham MR MSS MRMS MSS MSS MS MRMS MSS S MSS MRMS MRMSLRPB Gazelle MR MR MR MSS S MSS S -LRPB Impala RMR MR S MSS S S - - S MSS MRMS SVSYenda R S R MRMS MS S MR S S MS-S S MRDurum wheatCaparoi MR MR MRMS MR MR - - MR VS MS MSS REGA Bellaroi MR MR MRMS MRMS MRMS - - - VS - - -Hyperno R MR RMR MRMS MR MS MR MRMS VS MS MS RJandaroi RMR MR MR MRMS MRMS - - - VS - - -Saintly MR MR MRMS MRMS MRMS MS MR - VS MS MS RTjilkuri MR MR RMR MRMS MRMS - - MRMS VS MS MSS RWID802 RMR MR RMR MRMS MRMSp MS MS MRMS VS MS MR -Yawa RMR MR MR MRMS MRMS MS MR MR VS MRMS MR -

# Varieties marked may be more susceptible if alternative strains are present. p = ratings are provisional - treat with caution. R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible.

Wheat


Table 3 continued: Wheat variety disease rating guide.Rust Yellow Septoria CCN Pratylenchus CrownCommon Black Flag

Stem Stripe Leaf Leaf Spot

tritici Res P. neglectusresistance


Rot Root rot Tip (black point)

Smut

Feed wheatFrelon S R MR MRMS MRMSp S - - - - - VSpLRPB Beaufort SVS RMR R MRMS MS S S - MSS - MRMS RMackellar MR RMR S MRMS MRMS - - - - - S -Manning MRMS RMR R MRMS S MS S S - - -Naparoo RMR R R# MS MRMS - - - S S - VSPreston SVS RMR MRMS MSS MR S S MS S MS MRMS SVSSF Scenario - MRp - - - - - - - - - -SQP Revenue RMR R R MS MRMS S S MSS S SVS MSS S

# Varieties marked may be more susceptible if alternative strains are present. p = ratings are provisional - treat with caution. R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible.

Table 4: Wheat time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of departmental agronomists and plant breeders.

MALLEE April May June JulyChara, Estoc, LRPB Phantom, Yitpi > X X X X X <Barham, Clearfield Jnz, Correll, Derrimut, Elmore CL Plus, Espada, Gladius, Grenade CL Plus, Janz, Justica CL Plus, Kord CL Plus, Livingston, LRPB Catalina, LRPB Cobra, LRPB Lincoln, LRPB Scout, LRPB Spitfire, Mace, Merinda, Peake, Shield, Suntop

> X X X X X < <

Axe, Emu Rock, LRPB Dart, Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > > X X X X X < <WIMMERA April May June JulyBolac, Estoc, LRPB Gazelle, LRPB Phantom, LRPB Trojan, Yitpi

> X X X X <

Axe, Barham, Bellaroi, Chara, Clearfield Jnz, Correll, Derrimut, Elmore CL Plus, Emu Rock, Espada, Frame, Gladius, Grenade CL Plus, Janz, Justica CL Plus, Kord CL Plus, Livingston, LRPB Catalina, LRPB Cobra, LRPB Impala, LRPB Lincoln, LRPB Merlin, LRPB Scout, LRPB Spitfire, Mace, Magenta, Merinda, Peake, Shield, Suntop,Wallup

> X X X X < < < < <

LRPB Dart, Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > X X X X < < < < <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyBolac, Estoc, LRPB Gauntlet, LRPB Phantom, LRPB Trojan, Magenta, Yenda, Yitpi

> X X X X X X < <

Axe, Barham, Chara, Clearfield Jnz, Correll, Derrimut, Elmore CL Plus, Gladius, Grenade CL Plus, Janz, Justica CL Plus, Kord CL Plus, Livingston, LRPB Cobra, LRPB Impala, LRPB Lincoln, LRPB Merlin, LRPB Scout, LRPB Spitfire, Mace, Peake, Shield, Suntop, Waagan, Wallup

> X X X X X < <

LRPB Dart, Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > > X X X X X < <NORTH EAST April May June JulyMacKellar X X X <EGA Wedgetail > X X X X X X <Bolac, Chara, EGA Gregory, Estoc, Forrest, LRPB Gauntlet, LRPB Lancer, LRPB Phantom, LRPB Trojan, Magenta, Sentinel 3R, Yenda, Yitpi

> X X X X X < <

Barham, Clearfield Jnz, Elmore CL Plus, Grenade CL Plus, Janz, Justica CL Plus, LRPB Cobra, LRPB Impala, LRPB Lincoln, LRPB Merlin, LRPB Scout, LRPB Spitfire, Mace, Shield, Suntop, Waagan

> X X X X X <

LRPB Dart, Ventura, Wyalkatchem, Young > X X X X <SOUTH WEST April May June JulyBeaufort, Frelon, MacKellar, Naparoo, SQP Revenue X X X X X X X X < <EGA Wedgetail, Kellalac, Preston > X X X X X X X < < <Bolac, Chara, Forrest, LRPB Phantom, LRPB Trojan, Sentinel 3R, Yenda > X X X X X X < < <

>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable

Wheat


Table 5: Victorian wheat varieties - Domestic Flours Millers Assessment. Interpretation provided by David Hogan, Quality Operations Manager for Laucke Flour Mills.HARD WHEAT

End Product category

Variety Preferred grade

Max class grade

Plant bakery

Artisan breads

Comment

Axe AH AH 1 1 Very poor water absorption, strong dough characteristics and long mix time.

Bolac AH AH 2 2 Marginal AH - strong dough characteristics.Chara AH AH 1 2 Optimum value as separate segregation due to excess mix

requirement.Corack APW APW 2 1 Acceptable APW quality. Suit domestic mills.Correll AH AH 3 1 Acceptable AH quality.Derrimut AH AH 3 1 Appears acceptable as AH quality to suit plant bakery.EGA Gregory APW* APW* 2 1 Limited data, but indicate suitable for domestic APW.EGA Wedgetail APW* APW* 1 2 Over strong APW. Long mix requirement. Appears to suit

specialist segregation.Elmore CL Plus AH AH 3 1 Good water absorption & acceptable bake performance.

Acceptable AH quality.Emu rock AH AH 3 2 Acceptable AH. Marginal long mix requirement.Estoc APW APW 2 1 Marginal APW quality. Some interest from domestic mills.Forrest APW APW 1 Limited data available. Gladius AH AH 1 2 Very strong dough properties with excessive mix time.Grenade CL Plus

AH AH 2 2 Marginal strong. Limited domestic interest.

Justica CL Plus APW APW 1 3 Strong dough. Appears to suit specialist segregation.Kellalac APW APW 2 Acceptable APW quality - has weak dough & poor bake.Kord CL Plus AH AH 3 1 Appears suitable for domestic mills.Livingston AH AH 3 2 Acceptable as AH quality to suit plant bakery.LRPB Cobra AH AH 3 1 Appears acceptable. Some concerns over low viscosity

and high yellow pigment.LRPB Dart AH AH 2 1 Good dough & bakery performance, but low FN. Limited

interest.LRPB Gauntlet APW APW 3 1 Appears acceptable. Good dough & bakery results.LRPB Lancer APW* APW* 2 1 Acceptable APW. Good water absorption & bake volume,

but marginal long mix time.LRPB Lincoln AH AH 2 1 Appears to have limited suitability as domestic AH.LRPB Merlin AH AH 2 2 Strong dough, long mix. Possibly specialist applications.LRPB Phantom AH AH 3 1 Appears to suit domestic mills.LRPB Scout AH AH 2 1 Suitable AH, marginal long mix time.LRPB Spitfire AH AH 2 2 Long mix requirement and short extension, appears limited

suitability for domestic mills.LRPB Trojan APW APW 2 1 Some interest from domestic mills. Marginal water

absorption, long mix time but good bake volume.Mace AH AH 3 1 Early results indicate suitable as domestic AH.Magenta APW APW 2 1 Marginally acceptable for plant bakeries.Merinda AH AH 3 3 Has strong and extensible dough properties.Sentinel 3R ASW ASW 1 1 Appears to have limited suitability for domestic mills.Shield AH AH 3 1 Marginal strong. Expect some domestic interest.Suntop AH AH 2 2 Strong AH. Good water absorption, but marginally long mix

time.Waagan ASW ASW 1 1 Not preferred. Poor bake performance.Wallup AH AH 1 2 Long mix requirement. Appears to suit specialist

segregation. Limited interest from domestic millers.Yitpi AH AH 3 2 Acceptable AH quality.Young AH AH 2 2 Marginal AH quality - has strong dough & long mix time.SOFT OR NOODLE WHEAT

End product categoryVariety Preferred

gradeMax Class

gradeBiscuit Cake Hot plate

goodsComment

Barham Soft SF1 3 3 2 Acceptable Biscuit qualityLRPB Gazelle Soft SF1 3 2 1 Acceptable Biscuit qualityLRPB Impala Soft SF1 3 2 1 Acceptable Biscuit qualityYenda Soft SF1 3 2 1 Acceptable Biscuit qualityOn the quality scale, a rating of 3 is preferred for a particular varietal end-use, 3 preferred, 2 suitable, 1 not suitable

Wheat


Table 6: Wheat disease guide.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum source ControlFOLIARLeaf rust Puccinia

triticiniaSmall orange-brown powdery pustules on leaf.

Develops in spring. Favoured by mild (15°C–22°C) moist weather.

Airborne spores from living wheat plants.

Resistant varieties, control volunteer summer-autumn wheat. Seed dressings and foliar fungicides.

Stem rust Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici

Red-brown, powdery, oblong pustules with tattered torn edges on leaf and stem.

Can develop from mid spring into summer. Favoured by warm (15–30°C) humid conditions.

Airborne spores from living plants (wheat, barley, durum and triticale).

Resistant varieties, control volunteer summer-autumn wheat and barley. Foliar fungicides.

Stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici

Yellow powdery pustules often in stripes on leaves.

Can develop throughout the growing season. Favoured by cool (8–15°C), moist weather.

Airborne spores from living wheat and barley grass plants.

Resistant varieties, fungicides (seed, fertiliser and foliar), control volunteer summer-autumn wheat.

Septoria nodorum blotch (Glume blotch)

Stagonospora nodorum

Leaf lesions with minute black spots, leaf death. Can infect the head.

More common in early sown crops and in wet springs

Initially airborne spores released from stubble, and then spread by rainsplashed spores within crop.

Resistant varieties, foliar fungicides, seed treatments, stubble removal.

Septoria tritici blotch

Zymoseptoria tritici

Leaf lesions with minute black spots, leaf death.

More common in early sown crops and in wet springs.

Initially airborne spores released from stubble, and then spread by rain splashed spores within crop.

Resistant varieties, foliar fungicides, seed treatments, stubble removal.

Yellow spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

Leaf lesions often with yellow border, leaf death.

More severe in close rotations, when wheat is sown into wheat stubble.

Ascospores from stubble infect plants. Then secondary spread is by airborne spores in spring.

Stubble removal, crop rotation, foliar fungicides, resistant varieties.

BYDV Barley yellow dwarf virus

Yellowing, dwarfing of infected plants, interveinal chlorosis, reduced seed set.

Most common in perennial grass pastures and in early sown crops.

A virus transmitted by aphids from infected grasses and cereals.

Resistant varieties, seed treatments and/or insecticide treatments to control aphids

GRAINBunt Tilletia laevis

T. triticiSeed contains a black, foul smelling mass of spores. Affected grain is not accepted at silos.

Potentially region wide. Spores on seed coat infect seedling before it emerges.

Seed applied fungicide.

Flag smut Urocystis agropyri

Stunted plants with black, powdery streaks in leaves.

Most likely in crops sown early in warm soils.

Soil and seedborne spores.

Resistant varieties, seed-applied fungicide.

Loose smut Ustilago tritici Black powdery heads on diseased plants.

Region wide. Infected seed is the predominant source.

Seed-applied fungicide.

ROOT/CROWNCommon root rot

Bipolaris sorokiniana

Browning of the roots, sub-crown internode and the stem base. Brown spots on leaves. White heads and pinched grain.

Scattered through crop. Soil borne on grass and cereal residues. Also as spores in the soil.

Crop rotation, one year free from hosts.

Crown rot Fusarium pseudogram inearum, F. culmorum

Browning of stem bases, crown and sometimes roots. White heads and pinched grain.

More severe following a wet winter and dry spring, especially on heavy soils which are poorly drained

Soil borne on grass and cereal residues.

Crop rotation. Avoid highly susceptible varieties, especially durum wheat.

Cereal cyst nematode(CCN)

Heterodera avenae

Yellow, stunted plants with knotted roots, often in patches.

Light soils and well structured clays where cereals are common.

Present in most soils in the southern region.

Resistant varieties, two year break from susceptible cereals and grasses, in particular wild oats.

Rhizoctoniabare patch

Rhizoctonia solani(AG 8)

Patches of stunted plants with yellow-red erect leaves. Spear tipped roots.

Associated with reduced tillage and poor weed control in autumn. Discouraged by soils with high organic matter.

Fungus carries over in organic matter in the soil. Wide host range.

Pre-cropping weed control, chemical fallow, cultivation, modified sowing equipment. Group B herbicides may increase severity on some soil types. Read the label.

Root lesion nematode

Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus

Reduced tillering, ill thrift; a lack of root branching and lesions on roots.

Favoured by wheat in rotation with chickpea, medic and vetch.

Survive as dormant nematodes in the soil.

Crop rotation using resistant crops and resistant varieties.

Take-all Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

Blackening of roots, stem bases and crown. Plant stunting with white heads and pinched grain.

Favoured by a wet spring with a dry finish.

Soil borne on grass hosts and cereal residues.

Crop rotation, at least one year free of hosts (cereals and grasses, especially barley grass). Fungicide applied to seed or fertiliser.

This table has been developed from information in the publications Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Root and Crown Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI) and Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Leaf and Stem Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI).

Wheat


Table 7: Main season. Long term predicted wheat yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of Yitpi. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Mallee North Central North East WimmeraYitpi (t/ha) 2.64 3.59 3.79 3.23AGT Katana 102 (24) - - 107 (14)Axe 97 (40) 99 (12) 96 (17) 105 (27)Barham - 96 (12) 99 (17) 96 (27)Beaufort - 106 (4) 112 (6) 105 (5)Bolac - 101 (7) 100 (14) 98 (5)Bowie - 89 (3) 91 (5) 92 (5)Bullet - 102 (4) 103 (5) 102 (5)Chara - 94 (12) 93 (17) 97 (18)Clearfield JNZ 91 (24) 93 (9) 92 (14) 93 (23)Clearfield STL 96 (33) 97 (7) 98 (11) 90 (23)Corack 106 (32) 105 (10) 104 (14) 111 (22)Correll 102 (41) 104 (12) 105 (17) 103 (27)Derrimut 97 (41) 95 (12) 95 (17) 103 (27)EGA Bounty 78 (9) - 94 (3) 80 (5)EGA Gregory - 102 (11) 100 (17) -Elmore CL Plus 99 (15) 100 (7) 100 (9) 103 (14)Emu Rock 104 (32) 103 (10) 102 (14) 110 (22)Espada 104 (33) 105 (11) 104 (17) 105 (23)Estoc 102 (41) 102 (12) 102 (17) 103 (27)Forrest - - 94 (6) -Frame 94 (33) 92 (9) 92 (12) 90 (23)Gascoigne 97 (9) 101 (7) 99 (12) 100 (14)GBA Ruby - 103 (9) 100 (12) -Gladius 100 (41) 101 (12) 101 (17) 104 (27)Grenade CL Plus 94 (23) 100 (7) 99 (9) 93 (14)Harper 104 (32) 103 (10) 105 (14) 103 (22)Impose CL Plus 77 (9) - 86 (3) 82 (5)Janz - 96 (6) 95 (7) 97 (7)Justica CL Plus 99 (32) 101 (10) 101 (14) 103 (22)Kennedy - 94 (7) 92 (9) 93 (4)Kord CL Plus 98 (26) 99 (8) 95 (11) 99 (17)Livingston - 100 (9) 97 (14) 96 (4)LRPB Catalina 94 (41) 99 (12) 98 (8) 98 (27)LRPB Cobra 100 (14) 103 (5) 100 (6) 104 (9)LRPB Dart 96 (14) 102 (10) 103 (14) 104 (9)LRPB Gauntlet 95 (6) 97 (7) 95 (9) 97 (9)LRPB Gazelle - 103 (12) 107 (16) 102 (22)LRPB Impala - 108 (12) 108 (17) 107 (27)LRPB Lincoln 99 (33) 103 (12) 101 (17) 104 (27)LRPB Merlin 90 (6) 104 (11) 105 (17) 94 (10)LRPB Orion - 100 (12) 102 (17) 94 (27)LRPB Phantom 102 (32) 106 (10) 107 (14) 107 (22)LRPB Scout 106 (41) 109 (10) 111 (14) 115 (27)LRPB Spitfire 90 (6) 102 (11) 103 (17) 95 (15)LRPB Trojan 107 (23) 102 (5) 100 (6) 108 (9)Mace 102 (23) 101 (3) 98 (3) 100 (9)Magenta 103 (33) 99 (12) 99 (17) 102 (27)Merinda - - 102 (3) -Peake 96 (27) 98 (7) 96 (12) 102 (19)Preston - - 101 (3) -QAL2000 - 95 (6) 99 (7) -Rosella - - 90 (3) 83 (5)Sabel CL Plus 101 (18) 97 (5) 97 (8) 101 (13)Sentinel 3R - 101 (9) 98 (13) 101 (13)Shield 102 (23) 97 (3) 96 (3) 107 (14)SQP Revenue - - 98 (10) 81 (5)Sunguard - 99 (5) 96 (8) 101 (13)Suntop - 106 (9) 104 (14) -Ventura - 97 (9) 97 (12) -Waagan - - 101 (3) -Wallup 99 (15) 102 (10) 101 (14) 108 (22)Wyalkatchem 100 (41) 104 (5) 100 (4) 102 (27)Yenda - 89 (5) 92 (8) -Yitpi 100 (35) 100 (10) 100 (14) 100 (22)Young 97 (24) 98 (7) 98 (12) 102 (18)

Wheat


Table 8: Long season. Long term predicted wheat yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of Bolac. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

North East South WestBolac (t/ha) 5.08 4.71Adagio - 108 (3)Barham 92 (4) 91 (9)Beaufort 110 (6) 112 (15)Bolac 100 (6) 100 (15)Bowie - 83 (4)Chara 96 (6) 96 (15)Derrimut 95 (4) 98 (9)Diamondbird - 91 (3)EGA Bounty 92 (4) 89 (9)EGA Gregory 98 (6) 97 (9)EGA Wedgetail 92 (6) 92 (15)Elmore CL PLus - 99 (6)Endure 95 (3) 95 (6)Espada 99 (4) 98 (9)Estoc 98 (6) 98 (15)Forrest 99 (5) 100 (12)Frelon - 100 (3)Gascoigne 95 (3) 93 (9)Kellalac 92 (6) 94 (15)LRPB Gazelle 104 (5) 106 (12)LRPB Lincoln - 99 (9)LRPB Orion 99 (5) 102 (6)LRPB Phantom 102 (3) 102 (6)LRPB Scout - 103 (9)LRPB Trojan - 105 (3)Mackellar - 105 (9)Mansfield 90 (5) 90 (12)Naparoo - 91 (15)Preston 110 (6) 112 (15)QAL2000 95 (3) 102 (10)Scenario - 100 (3)Sentinel 3R 100 (6) 98 (15)SQP Revenue 105 (6) 110 (15)Sunguard 95 (3) 93 (6)Sunzell - 79 (3)Yenda 95 (3) 100 (6)

Table 9: Protein level (%) - Mallee 2013 wheat trials. Birchip Hopetoun Manangatang Merrinee Murrayville Quambatook Ultima Walpeup

Axe 11.2 9.7 10.6 12.0 12.4 13.7 12.3 11.9Corack 10.2 8.5 8.8 11.3 11.4 13.3 12.4 10.9Correll 10.0 9.3 11.1 12.1 11.9 14.3 11.3 12.1Derrimut 10.2 9.3 9.1 11.1 11.6 13.7 11.6 12.3Emu Rock 10.9 9.3 10.2 11.2 12.3 13.3 12.0 10.9Estoc 10.6 9.2 11.5 12.2 13.1 13.5 12.0 13.5Gladius 10.7 9.5 10.4 13.1 13.1 13.3 12.1 12.4Grenade CL Plus 10.9 9.3 10.1 11.9 12.2 13.3 11.9 11.7Harper 10.8 8.6 10.7 10.8 12.3 13.6 11.2 12.8Justica CL Plus 10.7 9.2 11.4 13.2 13.0 14.1 11.8 12.5Kord CL Plus 10.4 9.3 10.4 14.3 12.5 13.6 12.6 13.0LRPB Catalina 10.4 9.2 10.7 12.8 11.4 13.3 10.9 12.2LRPB Cobra 10.6 9.1 12.0 12.9 13.4 13.7 12.0 13.6LRPB Dart 10.9 9.3 10.4 12.3 11.7 14.1 12.2 12.5LRPB Phantom 9.9 8.6 12.0 12.0 12.0 13.6 11.2 14.1LRPB Scout 10.3 9.2 9.4 12.9 11.7 13.4 12.4 12.0LRPB Trojan 9.8 8.7 10.2 11.8 11.7 13.0 11.2 11.5Mace 10.1 8.7 9.5 11.3 11.3 13.7 12.0 11.8Shield 10.3 9.2 9.8 11.6 11.7 13.4 11.7 12.2Wyalkatchem 10.9 9.1 10.9 11.2 12.1 13.2 12.0 12.8Yitpi 9.9 8.9 11.3 11.5 12.4 13.9 10.9 12.9

Wheat


Table 10: Yield - Mallee 2013 wheat trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Yitpi. No fungicides used.Birchip Hopetoun Manangatang Merrinee Murrayville Quambatook Ultima Walpeup (C)

Sowing Date 15/5/13 22/5/13 8/52013 16/5/13 17/5/13 1/6/13 6/6/13 21/5/13Yitpi (t/ha) 2.18 2.34 1.5 1.32 1.98 1.2 1.95 1.19Axe 93 91 112 98 97 107 89 119Corack 106 109 129 102 107 119 92 134Correll 97 98 109 81 102 100 102 108Derrimut 89 96 112 89 99 97 97 102Emu Rock 106 92 122 99 110 122 94 129Estoc 99 98 110 94 106 105 98 97Gladius 97 96 113 67 104 118 94 107Grenade CL Plus 90 90 112 80 105 108 93 106Harper 105 103 109 112 104 101 101 106Justica CL Plus 90 91 105 94 105 100 100 108Kord CL Plus 96 96 113 54 109 109 92 113LRPB Catalina 92 91 101 70 91 98 91 100LRPB Cobra 109 104 111 77 96 108 89 102LRPB Dart 88 90 111 77 91 93 88 99LRPB Phantom 91 95 85 75 88 98 104 76LRPB Scout 98 90 115 60 97 101 94 102LRPB Trojan 105 108 112 77 110 117 107 107Mace 93 100 127 102 113 113 90 117Shield 94 95 109 87 108 104 94 110Wyalkatchem 94 101 111 105 102 110 90 112Yitpi 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Site Mean (t/ha) 2.11 2.30 1.69 1.21 2.04 1.32 1.86 1.34CV (%) 5 3 3 6 5 6 2 8LSD (%) 8 6 6 10 8 11 4 13C = Caution interpreting data, Walpeup trial affected by Crown Rot

Table 11: Screenings - Mallee 2013 wheat trials expressed as % of grain below a 2 mm sieve.Birchip Hopetoun Manangatang Quambatook Ultima Walpeup

Axe 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.0 1.3Corack 0.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.5Correll 1.5 2.1 1.5 6.2 1.3 3.3Derrimut 2.1 1.3 1.2 9.3 1.3 3.4Emu Rock 1.4 1.4 1.3 2.1 1.4 2.2Estoc 0.7 1.1 0.8 4.5 0.7 1.6Gladius 0.7 1.0 0.8 2.6 1.0 2.4Grenade CL Plus 0.8 0.8 1.2 2.1 0.7 1.3Harper 1.6 2.4 1.0 9.1 2.0 2.3Justica CL Plus 0.8 1.1 0.4 4.9 0.6 0.9Kord CL Plus 1.8 1.9 1.2 2.4 1.0 2.5LRPB Catalina 0.9 1.0 1.2 7.0 1.0 2.9LRPB Cobra 0.8 1.3 0.6 2.2 1.0 1.4LRPB Dart 1.4 1.8 3.3 4.9 1.4 3.3LRPB Phantom 1.7 1.5 0.6 7.2 1.0 1.8LRPB Scout 0.6 1.2 1.5 4.1 0.7 4.0LRPB Trojan 0.8 0.7 0.7 6.1 0.5 0.8Mace 0.6 0.9 0.6 1.2 0.5 1.7Shield 2.6 2.2 2.5 3.9 1.8 3.6Wyalkatchem 0.3 0.8 0.7 1.4 0.6 3.0Yitpi 1.5 1.5 1.1 3.9 1.5 2.0

Wheat


Table 12: Yield - North Central and North East (main season) 2013 wheat trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Yitpi. Fungicides used on all trials.

North Central North EastCharlton (C) Diggora Mitiamo Dookie Wunghnu Yarrawonga (C)

Sowing Date 28/5/13 29/5/13 28/5/13 14/5/13 3/5/13 18/5/13Yitpi (t/ha) 3.14 3.13 2.33 4.71 2.81 4.41Axe 98 109 109 107 116 104Barham 84 99 93 86 91 101Chara 104 102 97 96 105 101Corack 112 111 105 109 114 105Correll 91 104 105 97 104 116Derrimut 95 103 103 95 93 101EGA Gregory - 96 97 104 112 110Elmore CL PLus 88 93 97 103 105 102Emu Rock 90 95 104 106 109 104Espada - 104 99 110 112 111Estoc 95 102 106 103 107 101Gascoigne 77 97 100 95 107 104Gladius 84 94 103 103 102 94Grenade CL Plus 86 98 105 98 98 97Harper 90 108 106 100 108 110Janz - 95 88 - 93 -Justica CL Plus 95 102 103 100 104 117Kord CL Plus 106 95 98 103 107 119LRPB Catalina 91 106 98 - - -LRPB Cobra 97 112 112 114 117 115LRPB Dart 83 97 103 95 104 107LRPB Gauntlet 98 101 93 107 104 114LRPB Gazelle 78 96 93 96 96 107LRPB Impala 94 100 104 97 91 101LRPB Lincoln 88 98 103 111 101 98LRPB Merlin - 98 91 94 101 104LRPB Orion 81 103 92 99 95 106LRPB Phantom 91 98 105 111 102 109LRPB Scout 100 96 106 105 101 112LRPB Spitfire - 98 96 102 96 110LRPB Trojan 118 113 118 108 127 112Mace 94 104 110 110 117 110Magenta 97 109 112 111 106 117QAL2000 - 108 95 100 - 105Shield 88 - - - - -Suntop - 108 109 98 115 113Wallup 103 97 102 103 116 112Wyalkatchem 102 - - - - -Yitpi 100 100 100 100 100 100

Site Mean (t/ha) 3.01 3.23 2.41 4.83 3.01 4.78CV (%) 11 7 6 7 6 7LSD (%) 18 11 11 12 10 12C = caution interpreting data: Charlton had excessive Brome grass, Yarrawonga had variable establishment.

Wheat


Table 13: Protein level (%) and screenings - North Central and North East (main season) 2013 wheat trials. Screenings expressed as % of grain below a 2 mm sieve.

Protein (%) Screenings (%)North Central North East North Central North East

Charl-ton

Digg-ora

Mitia-mo

Doo-kie

Wung-hnu

Yarra-wonga

Charl-ton

Digg-ora

Mitia-mo

Doo-kie

Wung-hnu

Yarra-wonga

Axe 11.6 9.1 10.6 - 8.3 11.0 1.7 2.5 1.4 2.0 1.6 1.7Barham 10.7 7.9 9.4 7.9 7.9 10.1 4.5 2.5 1.7 2.5 3.9 3.0Chara 10.9 8.5 10.6 8.5 9.0 10.8 4.8 3.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.1Corack 11.2 8.2 10.2 8.5 7.8 9.8 1.6 2.3 1.0 1.7 1.6 2.4Correll 12.0 8.4 9.8 8.0 7.9 10.1 6.2 3.2 2.1 1.9 2.8 2.0Derrimut 10.3 8.7 9.9 8.3 8.3 10.0 3.8 2.8 1.9 2.5 2.3 2.3EGA Gregory - 8.1 10.0 8.0 8.2 9.9 - 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.2Elmore CL PLus 11.0 8.1 10.7 8.2 8.2 10.6 6.7 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.3 1.6Emu Rock 11.2 8.7 10.3 8.5 8.7 10.3 2.5 2.2 1.4 2.1 2.5 2.9Espada - 8.7 10.3 8.4 8.2 9.9 - 2.6 2.9 1.8 2.2 2.4Estoc 11.1 8.4 10.7 8.2 8.6 10.7 8.2 3.3 2.1 1.9 1.8 2.2Gascoigne 11.3 8.8 10.6 8.3 8.3 11.0 6.3 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.3Gladius 11.7 8.8 10.1 8.7 8.4 11.1 3.4 2.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1Grenade CL Plus 10.8 8.9 10.7 8.7 8.5 11.0 3.0 2.1 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.8Harper 12.2 7.8 10.4 8.0 8.4 10.2 10.3 3.5 2.2 2.3 3.8 2.3Janz - 8.6 11.2 - 8.7 - - 1.6 1.5 - 2.0 -Justica CL Plus 11.9 8.6 10.5 8.5 8.6 10.4 4.6 2.9 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.1Kord CL Plus 11.8 8.7 10.4 8.3 8.1 10.8 3.5 3.8 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1LRPB Catalina 10.8 8.8 10.2 - - - 3.9 2.3 1.9 - - -LRPB Cobra 11.8 8.6 10.5 8.1 8.1 9.6 2.3 2.4 1.3 2.0 2.4 2.0LRPB Dart 11.4 9.1 10.9 8.9 8.8 11.2 3.8 2.5 1.8 2.6 2.1 2.5LRPB Gauntlet 11.6 8.6 10.3 8.4 8.5 10.6 3.6 2.7 1.6 1.5 2.1 1.7LRPB Gazelle 10.9 7.7 8.9 7.7 7.7 8.9 11.3 3.2 6.5 1.5 2.8 3.4LRPB Impala 11.6 8.2 9.9 7.9 7.7 9.6 3.9 2.1 1.5 1.8 2.6 1.9LRPB Lincoln 11.2 8.2 10.5 7.9 8.3 9.6 6.2 3.7 2.9 3.7 3.0 3.1LRPB Merlin - 9.3 10.9 8.8 8.8 10.7 - 2.4 1.7 1.8 3.4 2.0LRPB Orion 10.7 7.3 9.4 7.9 8.3 9.1 6.1 2.8 3.2 2.9 2.6 2.3LRPB Phantom 10.3 8.2 10.0 8.1 7.8 9.9 4.6 2.3 1.9 1.7 2.7 2.1LRPB Scout 12.1 8.3 10.3 8.3 7.8 10.4 3.5 3.0 1.2 1.8 4.5 1.9LRPB Spitfire - 9.0 11.3 8.3 9.2 11.1 - 2.3 1.4 2.9 2.4 3.5LRPB Trojan 11.9 7.9 9.4 8.3 7.8 10.2 4.8 1.7 1.4 1.6 2.4 1.9Mace 11.7 8.1 10.2 8.3 7.9 10.6 2.6 2.6 0.9 1.9 2.0 2.3Magenta 11.8 7.8 10.1 8.1 8.1 10.7 6.7 2.6 2.2 2.9 3.5 2.7QAL2000 - 7.9 9.6 7.9 - 9.0 - 2.5 2.8 2.2 - 2.6Shield 11.7 - - - - - 6.0 - - - - -Suntop - 8.6 10.5 8.4 8.4 10.7 - 3.9 2.7 2.5 4.2 3.1Wallup 12.4 9.2 10.9 8.7 8.6 11.3 3.1 2.1 0.7 2.0 1.7 1.8Wyalkatchem 11.9 - - - - - 4.9 - - - - -Yitpi 10.5 7.8 10.0 8.0 8.2 10.4 4.3 3.3 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.3

Wheat


Table 14: Yield - North East and South West (early season) 2013 wheat trials, expressed as a percentage of the yield of Bolac. Fungicides used on all trials.

North East South WestRutherglen Hamilton Streatham Teesdale

Sowing Date 26/4/13 9/5/13 9/5/13 10/5/13Bolac (t/ha) 6.51 4.65 4.91 5.02Bolac 100 100 100 100Chara 89 91 101 101EGA Gregory 94 77 81 91EGA Wedgetail 106 86 94 94Elmore CL PLus 95 87 99 107Estoc 92 86 88 104Forrest 106 96 100 104Gascoigne 89 91 85 101Kellalac 92 88 88 89LRPB Beaufort 107 102 117 122LRPB Gauntlet 83 - - -LRPB Gazelle 107 120 104 113LRPB Lancer 86 80 94 99LRPB Orion 95 - - -LRPB Phantom 103 104 98 114LRPB Scout 95 94 98 115LRPB Trojan 104 101 98 126Mansfield 75 92 86 80Naparoo - 97 85 89Preston 113 107 111 122QAL2000 106 109 111 120Sentinel 3R 103 106 104 115SQP Revenue 106 109 115 129Wallup - 96 - -

Site Mean (t/ha) 6.27 4.49 4.74 5.29CV (%) 5 6 8 6LSD (%) 8 10 13 11

Table 15: Protein level (%) and screenings - North East and South West (early season) 2013 wheat trials.Screenings expressed as a percentage of grain below a 2 mm sieve.

Protein (%) Screenings (%)North East South West

North East South West

Rutherglen Hamilton Streatham Teesdale Rutherglen Hamilton Streatham TeesdaleBolac 11.6 9.7 10.3 9.6 2.5 4.1 3.0 3.3Chara 12.3 10.1 10.2 9.8 1.3 3.6 1.5 2.0EGA Gregory 12.2 10.4 10.7 9.5 1.6 4.3 2.7 3.6EGA Wedgetail 11.2 9.6 10.0 9.8 1.3 4.0 2.0 1.8Elmore CL PLus 11.7 10.0 10.2 9.7 2.1 6.2 1.6 3.5Estoc 11.9 10.8 11.3 9.9 2.0 3.7 2.4 2.4Forrest 10.1 9.2 10.0 8.6 2.5 3.5 2.7 4.0Gascoigne 12.7 11.1 11.5 10.2 1.4 3.6 2.2 2.4Kellalac 10.5 9.7 10.7 9.4 1.6 3.4 1.8 2.1LRPB Beaufort 10.5 9.0 9.2 8.5 4.0 5.5 4.6 5.7LRPB Gauntlet 12.1 - - - 1.4 - - -LRPB Gazelle 10.4 8.3 9.4 8.9 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.9LRPB Lancer 12.6 10.9 11.0 10.0 1.9 3.3 1.7 2.9LRPB Orion 9.5 - - - 2.3 - - -LRPB Phantom 10.9 9.4 9.8 9.1 1.8 3.9 1.6 3.1LRPB Scout 11.7 9.7 10.2 9.4 1.4 3.6 1.3 2.9LRPB Trojan 11.8 9.9 9.6 9.2 1.4 2.1 1.5 2.8Mansfield 11.6 9.1 10.8 9.7 2.2 5.7 3.3 4.3Naparoo - 9.0 8.9 9.3 - 6.3 2.5 3.3Preston 11.2 9.4 9.7 9.6 1.4 2.4 1.8 4.1QAL2000 10.6 9.0 9.3 8.8 1.6 1.9 1.5 2.7Sentinel 3R 12.7 9.3 10.4 9.4 1.0 2.0 1.6 2.3SQP Revenue 9.9 7.5 8.8 8.3 3.5 4.7 3.4 4.4

Wheat


Table 16: Yield, Protein level (%) and screenings - South West (long season) 2013 wheat trials. Yield expressed as a percentage of the yield of Bolac. Screenings expressed as a percentage of grain below a2 mm sieve. Fungicides used on all trials.

Yield (%) Protein (%) Screenings (%)Hamilton Streatham Hamilton Streatham Hamilton Streatham

Sowing Date 11/4/13 28/4/13Bolac (t/ha) 4.43 5.7Bolac 100 100 11.0 10.4 2.8 3.0Bowie 110 90 10.1 9.8 2.5 1.1EGA Wedgetail 109 90 10.0 10.4 1.9 1.6Forrest 119 99 8.5 10.4 2.9 2.5LRPB Gazelle 129 103 8.6 9.5 1.4 1.0LRPB Lancer 76 91 12.1 11.2 2.9 1.9Mackellar 127 93 8.6 9.0 5.4 4.3Mansfield 105 78 9.7 10.9 2.9 3.9Naparoo 121 86 9.4 9.7 3.1 2.7Rudd 124 95 8.6 8.8 1.7 1.6Sentinel 3R 113 94 9.7 10.5 1.6 1.6SQP Revenue 140 119 8.2 8.9 3.7 4.1Sunzell 97 73 10.3 11.4 2.5 2.3Tennant 107 86 8.9 10.1 2.5 2.4Wylah 133 106 9.5 10.5 2.0 1.7Site Mean (t/ha) 4.86 5.24CV (%) 6 6LSD (%) 10 11

Table 17: Yield - Wimmera 2013 wheat trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Yitpi. Fungicides used on all trials.

Brim (C) Horsham Kaniva MinyipSowing Date 8/5/13 17/6/13 14/5/13 11/6/13Yitpi (t/ha) 2.06 2.67 4.81 3.65Axe 108 107 98 114Barham 92 96 94 105Chara - - 107 -Corack 128 124 112 124Correll 106 95 100 101Derrimut 99 116 104 113Elmore CL PLus 89 95 97 107Emu Rock 104 105 103 113Estoc 104 104 104 106Gascoigne 100 101 95 104Gladius 109 103 105 121Grenade CL Plus 107 94 101 97Harper 102 91 104 104Janz 94 104 - 104Justica CL Plus 109 103 95 105Kord CL Plus 99 100 101 107LRPB Catalina 99 98 98 104LRPB Cobra 116 125 110 116LRPB Dart 107 116 100 111LRPB Gauntlet 102 94 94 92LRPB Gazelle 106 103 103 105LRPB Impala 103 109 104 112LRPB Lincoln 103 111 103 101LRPB Orion 93 92 95 112LRPB Phantom 105 109 101 107LRPB Scout 106 116 110 112LRPB Trojan 121 125 116 125Mace 118 124 111 132Magenta 106 107 101 115Shield 104 107 102 108Wallup 107 119 106 120Wyalkatchem 119 121 109 118Yitpi 100 100 100 100Site Mean (t/ha) 2.23 2.94 5.01 4.14CV (%) 4 4 2 4LSD (%) 8 7 4 7C = caution interpreting data, Brim had poor establishment and heavy weed infestation

Wheat


Table 18: Protein level (%) and screenings - Wimmera 2013 wheat trials. Screenings expressed as % of grain below a 2 mm sieve.

Protein (%) Screenings (%)Brim Horsham Kaniva Minyip Brim Horsham Kaniva Minyip

Axe 12.8 8.4 9.5 8.8 1.3 0.5 6.3 3.4Barham 12.7 7.6 8.6 8.5 2.0 4.7 9.0 5.9Chara - - 8.8 - - - 7.2 -Corack 12.1 7.9 8.6 8.4 2.5 4.6 6.8 5.8Correll 12.4 7.9 8.7 9.1 2.1 4.5 12.0 5.2Derrimut 12.0 7.5 8.7 8.2 1.3 1.9 10.2 5.5Elmore CL PLus 12.7 8.2 8.8 9.0 1.2 2.8 7.5 5.4Emu Rock 12.7 8.3 8.7 8.7 1.9 3.8 13.1 5.2Estoc 12.9 8.3 8.8 9.0 0.4 3.7 8.4 3.8Gascoigne 13.4 8.6 9.4 8.8 1.4 1.9 5.1 6.2Gladius 13.4 8.0 8.9 8.5 1.6 1.2 6.7 4.2Grenade CL Plus 12.5 8.1 9.0 8.4 1.5 1.2 6.7 4.2Harper 12.5 8.2 8.6 8.5 1.3 2.6 12.6 4.5Janz 13.3 8.5 - 9.1 1.9 1.3 - 4.6Justica CL Plus 12.9 8.2 9.1 8.6 0.6 2.5 4.7 4.8Kord CL Plus 13.2 8.0 8.7 8.9 3.6 4.6 12.8 6.0LRPB Catalina 12.1 8.5 8.9 8.4 1.3 2.0 6.7 4.5LRPB Cobra 12.8 8.1 9.2 8.9 1.0 3.2 7.7 4.8LRPB Dart 12.9 8.2 9.1 8.8 0.5 6.2 9.4 5.5LRPB Gauntlet 12.2 8.0 8.8 8.7 0.5 1.5 20.7 5.1LRPB Gazelle 11.5 7.8 8.3 8.6 0.4 1.9 4.9 5.5LRPB Impala 12.5 7.5 8.7 8.9 0.4 3.0 5.0 4.6LRPB Lincoln 12.6 7.7 8.4 8.3 1.3 4.1 11.6 4.9LRPB Orion 11.9 8.5 8.5 8.5 0.4 1.2 6.3 6.5LRPB Phantom 12.6 7.6 8.5 8.6 1.2 4.1 8.6 6.0LRPB Scout 12.4 7.8 8.8 9.0 0.5 2.2 9.1 5.7LRPB Trojan 11.5 7.5 8.0 9.1 2.1 2.9 6.6 5.2Mace 12.2 7.8 8.5 8.2 1.2 1.3 8.5 3.3Magenta 13.4 8.4 8.9 9.1 1.4 3.5 11.8 5.7Shield 12.5 8.5 9.1 8.8 1.7 5.1 13.2 6.8Wallup 13.0 8.1 9.0 8.7 0.2 3.4 4.0 4.4Wyalkatchem 12.4 8.1 8.9 8.9 0.8 0.9 5.8 3.8Yitpi 13.0 8.0 8.6 9.1 0.6 6.1 12.7 10.3

Table 19: Durum wheat - Kaniva, Wimmera. Yield and long term yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of EGA Bellaroi. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area. Protein (%) and screenings percentage of grain below a 2 mm sieve in 2013 trial. Fungicides used.

Kaniva - sowing date 14/5/13Yield (% of EGA Bellaroi) Protein (%) Screenings (%) Long term predicted yield

EGA Bellaroi (t/ha) 4.28 3.39Caparoi 102 10.0 3.50 107 (5)EGA Bellaroi 100 9.9 3.43 100 (5)Hyperno 102 9.8 7.67 112 (5)Jandaroi - - - 102 (4)Kalka - - - 106 (2)Saintly 105 9.9 6.13 115 (4)Tjilkuri 107 9.6 8.70 108 (5)WID802 103 9.9 7.84 -Yawa 110 9.7 11.52 119 (5)

Site Mean (t/ha) 4.47CV (%) 2LSD (t/ha) 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Frank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamGrant Hollaway Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamDavid Hogan Laucke Flour MillsRussell Eastwood AGTDaryl Mares University of Adelaide

BARLEY

Barley


BARLEYREVIEW OF 2013

Season The late break meant many barley crops were sown dry with limited opportunities to control volunteer wheat prior to sowing. Consequently, barley crops contaminated by wheat were widespread and were downgraded at receival centres.

The value of cutting crops contaminated with wheat for hay was limited as frost across the north central and north east and into NSW have led to higher quantities of hay coming onto the market.

Barley crops unaffected by frost performed well with yields average or better in most areas, while yields were below average in the Mallee and some of the earlier finishing areas towards the North East. A good number of malting barley crops achieved malt classification but high screenings led to downgrades in some of the drier areas.

Disease The stubble-borne diseases were favoured by the reduced stubble breakdown during the dry summer and autumn months followed by good winter rain.

These conditions resulted in spot form of net blotch (SFNB) being common in all barley growing regions of Victoria and severe in susceptible varieties sown into infected barley stubble. Scald was also severe in the Wimmera during spring, while the net form of net blotch (NFNB) was present in some susceptible varieties.

Barley leaf rust was not an issue and rarely observed due to the very dry start to the season which reduced the green bridge and inoculum.


New varieties

Compass and LaTrobe have been added to the list of barley varieties undergoing malt evaluation. Grange has been renamed GrangeR.

Malt evaluationIn 2013 the varieties Granger, Scope CL and Westminster received classification as malt varieties. Newly accredited malting varieties still need to gain market acceptance and growers are advised to consult with their marketerregarding the availability of segregation and pricing.

Henley also received malt classification in 2013, however it was received at a number of sites with the blue aleurone characteristic. Any deliveries with this characteristic are notaccepted as malt and this variety is not likely to be planted in the future.

Barley Australia lists malting varieties that are preferred by it’s member marketing companies. These varieties are now highlighted in the variety listings as “Malting barley (Preferred variety)”.

Although Scope CL was developed by mutation of Buloke, it is considered a different variety and Barley Australia have advised against co-binning of Scope and Buloke. Plant

Variety Rights require correct declaration of varieties and growers are advised that some samples may be DNA tested.

Wimmera is currently undergoing malt evaluation and the outcome will be updated on www.barleyaustralia.com.auafter March.

Seed suppliesGrowers should carefully check seed supplies for wheat contamination when selecting seed to sow in 2014.

DiseaseChanges in virulence of the stubble-borne diseases toward some barley varieties was observed during 2013 resulting in the ratings being changed. These are listed in Table 3.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG1160 Cereal disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.barleyaustralia.com.auInformation includes:• List of varieties preferred by purchasers of malting

barley• Update status of malting barley evaluation each March

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONS

Varieties have been listed according to quality classification grade and in alphabetical order and not in order of preference.

Abbreviations used are:denotes that Plant Breeder Rights apply

CCN Cereal Cyst NematodeBYDV Barley Yellow Dwarf VirusRLN Root Lesion NematodeNFNB Net Form of Net BlotchSFNB Spot Form of Net Blotch


Malting barley - BASS Bass was accredited as malting barley in 2012, but is mainly considered a Western Australian variety with limited segregation options in Victoria. It has mid-late season maturity with excellent grain plumpness and better yields and disease resistance than Baudin. Scald MSS, SFNB S, NFNB MSS, powdery mildew S and leaf rust MR#. Best suited to areas with expected yields above 2.5-3.0 t/ha. Good straw strength and tolerance to lodging, high level of resistance to preharvest sprouting and good head retention. Tested as WABAR2315. Released 2012. Seed available from Syngenta. EPR $3.50.

http://www.barleyaustralia.com.au





http://www.barleyaustralia.com.au

Barley


Malting barley (Preferred variety) - BAUDIN A mid season maturing variety, Baudin is an alternative malting variety to Gairdner in 375-500 mm rainfall districts, but should not be grown in areas with greater than 500 mm, due to leaf disease susceptibility. Scald SVS, SFNB MSS, NFNB MRMS#, powdery mildew SVS and leaf rust VS. Compared to Gairdner, Baudin has superior grain plumpness in years with dry and hot spring conditions. The variety is a shorter plant type than Gairdner and less likely to lodge. Now outclassed by newer varieties due to disease susceptibility, Baudin’s delivery options are limited. Released 2004. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $3 malt, $1 feed.

Malting barley (Preferred variety) - BULOKE An early to mid season maturing variety best adapted toregions of southern Australia with 325-450 mm annual rainfall. Buloke has moderately weak straw strength, similar to Gairdner, and can be prone to significant head loss under unfavourable conditions post-maturation. Buloke has a similar level of tolerance to pre-harvest sprouting to Gairdner. Average grain plumpness is similar or slightly inferior to Baudin but superior to Gairdner. Buloke is moderately tall and relatively slow growing. Scald MS, SFNB MSS, NFNB MR, powdery mildew MR and leaf rust SVS. Whilst Buloke yields well in Mallee environments, it should only be grown in CCN prone environments if the majority of other crops/varieties in the rotation are CCN resistant. In Victoria, Buloke is considered mid-season maturity earlier than Gairdner, but later than Hindmarsh.Buloke has export malt quality similar to Baudin. Released 2005. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $2.

Malting barley (Preferred variety) - COMMANDER A mid maturing variety best suited to 375-500 mm rainfall districts, particularly the Wimmera Mallee. It is broadly adapted and will outyield other varieties under favourable spring conditions. Commander is inherently lower in grain protein content than many other varieties. It has moderately weak straw and will lodge under either highyield environments or if unfavourable conditions occur between grain filling and harvest. Grain size is superior to many other malting barley varieties but it is prone to low test weights in some seasons. Scald S, SFNB & NFNB MSS, powdery mildew MRMS and leaf rust S. Growers should consult their grain marketers regarding markets and availability of segregation for this variety. Released 2008. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $3.80.

Malting barley (Preferred variety) - FAIRVIEW A moderately late maturing variety best suited to 400-600 mm rainfall districts. Yields are similar to Gairdner and Commander in these districts. The grain plumpness of Fairview is superior to Gairdner. Limited seed is only available under contract through GrainSearch, Geelong. released 2008. Fairview has an export malt quality profile and is marketed via closed loop supply chain through Malteurop. EPR $3.

Malting barley (Preferred Variety) - GAIRDNERA moderately late maturing variety best suited to 400-600 mm rainfall regions. In lower rainfall districts Gairdner can yield well in seasons with favourable spring finishes, however not necessarily within malting specifications. Scald SVS, SFNB S, NFNB MS, powdery mildew S and leaf rust S. Gairdner is known for high screenings in a dry spring, with the levels of grain plumpness for Gairdner generally being inferior to all other malting varieties. Gairdner has moderately good head retention, slightly inferior to Baudin. Gairdner is accepted

by both domestic and export brewing markets. Released 1998. Seed available from Heritage Seeds. No EPR.

Malting barley - GRANGERA mid to late maturing variety with strong straw, and good kernel plumpness and low screenings. Scald S, SFNB SVS, NFNB MS, powdery mildew R and leaf rust MR. Accredited as malting barley in 2013, export markets are yet to be established and growers are advised to consult with their grain marketer about segregation and pricing. Released 2013. Tested as SMBA09-3353. Licensed by Limagrain and seed available from Heritage Seeds. EPR $2.95.

Malting barley - HENLEYA mid to late maturing variety with strong straw, and good kernel plumpness and colour. Scald, SFNB & NFNB S, powdery mildew R and leaf rust MR#. Henley has good straw strength but can be prone to head loss and low test weights in some seasons. Henley was released as a malting variety in Europe but has been replaced by newer varieties. While it was accredited as malting barley in 2013,a number of receivals had the blue aleurone characteristic and were not accepted as malt under current receival standards. It is not likely to be grown in the future. Released 2011. Licensed by Limagrain and seed available from Heritage Seeds. EPR $2.95.

Malting barley – NAVIGATOR A mid to late maturing variety similar to Gairdner but offering higher yield potential, significantly improved physical grain quality and an excellent disease resistance profile with the exception of being very susceptible to leaf rust. Scald MR#, SFNB MRMS, NFNB MRMS#, powderymildew R and leaf rust VS. Navigator is an accredited malting variety primarily suited for use by the domestic brewing industry. Due to the current small market size for Navigator as a malting variety, growers should seek advice from their grain marketer regarding availability of segregation and pricing prior to sowing this variety and will be best suited to growers with freight advantage to local malthouses. Released 2011. Seed available from Seednet.EPR $3.80

Malting barley - SCOPE CLA tall, early to mid season maturing barley with moderate to high yield potential across a range of medium rainfall environments. Its disease resistance profile is very similar to Buloke with the main concern being susceptibility to some leaf rust strains. Scald MSS, SFNB MSS, NFNB MR, powdery mildew MR and leaf rust SVS. Scope can be prone to significant head loss under unfavourable conditions post-maturation. Scope is the only barley variety registered for the use of an appropriate Clearfield herbicide. Accredited as malting barley in 2013, export markets are yet to be established so growers are advised to consult with their grain marketer about segregation and pricing. Although developed from a Buloke mutation, Barley Australia have not authorised co-binning with Buloke. It is considered a different variety to Buloke and legally needs to be declared as such. In the longer term, Scope is expected to be accepted into those markets currently accepting Buloke. Released 2010. Seed is available from Seednet exclusively through re-sellers that have a current Clearfield accreditation. EPR $2.70.

Barley


Malting barley - WESTMINSTER A mid to late maturity variety with medium to tall and stiff straw and improved head retention. Scald R#, SFNB S, NFNB MSS, powdery mildew RMR and leaf rust MR. Accredited as malting barley in 2013, export markets are yet to be established and growers are advised to consult with their grain marketer about segregation and pricing. Itwas bred by Limagrain, released 2009, and is marketed through Grainsearch. EPR $3.

Feed barley - CAPSTAN Capstan is a high yielding feed variety recommended for 400mm plus rainfall regions. Capstan has short stiff straw with excellent head retention and would be suitable for growers targeting very high potential yields. It has very high screenings in lower rainfall districts. Scald S, SFNB MRMS, NFNB MS, powdery mildew MR and leaf rust MRMS. Released 2003. Seed available from Seednet. No EPR.

Feed barley - FATHOMAn early maturing variety with broad adaption and consistently high yields. It has very low screenings, similar to Maritime and a higher test weight than Fleet. Fathom has a long coleoptile, good weed competitiveness and better straw strength than Fleet. Fathom is well suited to wider row spacings and is an alternative to Hindmarsh particularly where more reliable establishment and improved early vigour are sought. Scald MR#, SFNB MR, NFNB MS, powdery mildew MRMS and leaf rust MSS. Released 2011. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $2.

Feed barley - FLEET Best suited to 325-400 mm rainfall regions as an alternative to Hindmarsh and Keel. Fleet has superior adaptation to deep sandy soils compared to Keel due to a relatively long coleoptile that makes Fleet more tolerant of deeper sowing. Scald MSS, SFNB MR, NFNB MRMS#, powdery mildew MRMS and leaf rust MSS. Some pathotypes of NFNB now show increased virulence on Fleet. Fleet has improved physical grain quality compared to Keel but has lower test weight than Hindmarsh. Fleet is highly prone to lodging but has good head retention. Released 2004. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $1.50.

Feed / Food barley - HINDMARSH An early maturing semi-dwarf feed variety with exceptional yield potential, especially in drier years. It is recommended for the 325-450 mm rainfall regions. Hindmarsh was the highest yielding barley variety in the Mallee and Wimmerain NVT long term trials for 2008-12. Hindmarsh has a relatively short coleoptile and deep sowing should be avoided to maximise crop establishment and yield potential. Scald SVS, SFNB SVS, NFNB MRMS, powdery mildew MS and leaf rust MSS. Hindmarsh is free threshing and has good resistance to head loss. Hindmarsh has excellent grain plumpness and also has the highest test weight of any feed variety. Released by the forerunner of DEPI Victoria in 2006. Seed available from Seednet. EPR $1.50.

Feed barley - KEEL A high yielding, early maturing, feed variety recommended for the 325-400 mm rainfall regions. Due to Keel’s very early maturity, it can be prone to frost damage if sown too early. It performs best on heavy soil types with low fertility. Keel is not suitable for sandy soils, where Fleet or Fathom are preferred. Keel produces plump grain similar to Fleet and Fathom, along with low screenings; however, similar to Fleet, Keel has low test weight. Keel is a shorter plant typecompared to Fleet and Fathom, has good head retention

and is free-threshing. Scald MS, SFNB MR, NFNB MR#,powdery mildew MS and leaf rust VS. Released 1999. Seed available from Seednet. No EPR.

Feed barley - OXFORD A feed variety best suited to medium to high rainfall regions (350-600 mm) and should not be planted after mid-June. Scald MSS#, SFNB S, NFNB MS, powdery mildew R andleaf rust MR. Oxford was bred by Limagrain, released 2009and seed is available from Heritage Seeds. EPR $2.50.

VARIETIES CURRENTLY UNDERGOINGMALT EVALUATION

Barley under evaluation - COMPASSBarley under malt evaluation with possible accreditation in 2015. The malting quality profile will be suited to domestic and export malting and brewing markets currently utilising Gairdner and Commander. Compass is agronomically similar to Commander, but with improved yield and has excellent grain size and test weight. Scald MS#, SFNB MSS, NFNB MR#, powdery mildew MR. Bred by the University of Adelaide and tested as WI4593. It is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. Seed available from Seednet. EPR to be determined.

Barley under evaluation - FLINDERS A moderately late maturing variety currently undergoing malt evaluation. It is a moderately short variety with stiff, strong straw and good head retention. It has high levels of grain plumpness and good test weights. Scald S, SFNB &NFNB S, powdery mildew R and leaf rust MS. Seed sales are limited to those growers participating in malting and brewing accreditation trials. Developed by InterGrain. Tested as WABAR2537. Released 2012, it is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. Seed available from Syngenta. EPR $3.80.

Barley under evaluation - LATROBEAn early maturing variety for the low to medium rainfall environments. Currently undergoing malt evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. A semi-dwarf with ashort coleoptile, good straw strength and head retention. Good lodging resistance and sprouting tolerance, but reduced weed competitiveness. It has high levels of grain plumpness and good test weights. Scald R#, SFNB S, NFNB MR, powdery mildew MR and leaf rust MSS. Developed by InterGrain (IGB1101). It is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. Seed available from Syngenta. EPR $4.

Barley under evaluation - SKIPPER An early to mid maturing malting quality variety similar in maturity and plant type to Hindmarsh. Skipper is best adapted to mid and low rainfall environments. Relative to many other malting varieties, Skipper has high levels of grain plumpness and low levels of screenings being similar to Commander, but poor straw stength compared to other malt varieties. Scald S, SFNB MRMS, NFNB MR, powdery mildew MRMS and leaf rust SVS. Released 2011, it is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. EPR to be determined.

Barley


Barley under evaluation - SY RATTLERSY Rattler is a late maturing variety recommended for the high rainfall, 450-600mm regions. SY Rattler is undergoing the early stages of malt and brewing evaluation. Bred by Syngenta, tested as SYN 937-5. Released in 2012, it is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decision expected in March 2015. Seed available from Grainsearch. EPR $3.

Barley under evaluation - WIMMERA Wimmera is a mid to late maturing variety with similar plant architecture to Gairdner and significantly higher yield

potential and improved scald and leaf rust resistance. Scald MSS, SFNB MSS, NFNB MSS, powdery mildew S and leaf rust MR#. In long-term NVT trials, Wimmera has a 10% average yield advantage over Gairdner in all areas other than the Mallee. Wimmera has lower screenings and higher retention than Gairdner, with equivalent test weight. Wimmera has malting quality suited to a range of domestic and export markets. Released 2011, Wimmera (VB0432) is currently undergoing malting evaluation with a decisionexpected in March 2014. Seed available from Seednet.EPR to be determined.

Table 1: Barley time of sowing guide. This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.

MALLEE April May June JulyBass, Baudin, Gairdner, Henley, Wimmera > X X X X X < <Commander, Compass, Fathom, Fleet, Keel > X X X X X X < < <Buloke, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Scope, Skipper > > X X X X X < <WIMMERA April May June JulyBass, Flinders, Gairdner, Granger, Henley,Navigator, Oxford, Wimmera

> X X X X X < <

Keel > > X X X X X X X < <Baudin, Fleet > > X X X X X X < <Fathom, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Skipper > X X X X X X X < <Buloke, Commander, Compass, Scope > X X X X X < <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyBass, Flinders, Gairdner, Granger, Henley, Navigator, Wimmera

> > X X X X X X < <

Fleet > > > X X X X X < <Buloke, Commander, Compass, Scope > > X X X X < <Fathom, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Skipper > X X X X X X X X X < <Keel > > X X X X X X < <NORTH EAST April May June JulyBass, Flinders, Gairdner, Granger, Henley, Navigator, Oxford, Wimmera

> X X X X X X < <

Baudin > > X X X X X < <Keel > > X X X X X X X < <Buloke, Commander, Compass, Scope > > X X X X < <Fathom, Hindmarsh, LaTrobe, Skipper > X X X X X X X < <Fleet > > X X X X X < <SOUTH WEST April May June JulyBass, Baudin, Capstan, Gairdner, Granger,Henley, Navigator, Oxford, Westminster,Wimmera

> > X X X X X < < <

Commander, Compass, Fathom, Fleet,Hindmarsh, LaTrobe

> > X X X X < <


Barley


Table 2: Barley variety agronomic guide.Height Maturity Head loss Plump grain rating Lodging

Malting barleyBass M ML R 7 RBaudin S M MR 7 RBuloke MT ME MS 6 MCommander M ME M 8 MFairview MS ML MR RGairdner M ML MR 5 RGranger M ML MR RHenley MT ML MR RNavigator S-MS ML MR 7 RScope CL MT ME MS 6 MWestminster MT ML R RFeed barleyCapstan VS ML R 5 RFathom MT VE MR 8 MRFleet M ME MR 8 MHindmarsh S-MS VE MR 6-7 R-MRKeel M VE M 6 MSOxford S-MS L R 7 RBarley under malt evaluationCompass M ME M 8 MFlinders MS ML R 7 RLaTrobe S-MS E MR 6-7 R-MRSkipper M EM MR 8 MSSY Rattler M M - - MRWimmera M ML MR 7 RHeight; T = tall, MT = moderately tall, M = medium, MS = moderately short, S = shortMaturity; VE = very early, E = early, ME = moderately early, M = mid season, L = lateHead loss and lodging; R = resistant, MR = moderately resistant, S = susceptible, MS = moderately susceptible Plump grain: relative scale: 1=small or unreliable grain size; 9=large or reliable grain size

Table 3: Barley variety disease reactions. Root lesionnematode

Barley

Leaf scald

Spot formNet Blotch

Net form Net

Blotch

Powdery mildew

Leaf rust BYDV CCNRes

P. neglectusresistance


grass stripe rust

Malting barleyBass MSS S MSS S MR# MRMSp S MRMS MRMS RBaudin SVS MSS MRMS# SVS VS MR S - - MRBuloke MS MSS MR MR SVS MSp S MS MRMS RCommander S MSS MSS MRMS S MS R MRMS MRMS RFairview SVS S S RMR R# - - - - RGairdner SVS S MS S S MR S MRMS MS RGranger S SVS MS R MR Sp - MR MRMS RHenley S S S R MR# MS S MRMS MRMS RNavigator MR# MRMS MRMS# R VS Sp R MRMS MRMS RScope CL MSS MSS MR MR SVS MR S MS MRMS RWestminster R# S MSS RMR MR MSp - - - MRMSFeed barleyCapstan S MRMS MS MR MRMS S R - - MRMSFathom MR# MR MS MRMS MSS MS R MRMS MRMS RFleet MSS MR MRMS# MRMS MSS MRMS R MRMS MRMS RHindmarsh SVS SVS MRMS MS MSS MS R MS MRMS RKeel MS MR MR# MS VS S R - MRMS MSOxford MSS# S MS# R MR MS S MRMS MR RBarley under malt evaluationCompass MS# MSS MR# MR - - R MRP MRP RFlinders S S S R MS MS S MR MRP RLaTrobe R# S MR MR MSS MS R MR MR RSkipper S MRMS MR MRMS SVS MR R MS MRMS RSY Rattler MS# SVS MR# R MRMS S - - - RWimmera MSS MSS MSS S MR# MRMSp S MRMS MRMS MR# Varieties marked may be more susceptible if alternative strains are present. p = These ratings are provisional - treat with caution. R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible

Barley


Table 4: Barley disease guide.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum source ControlFOLIARScald Rhynchosporium

secalisWater soaked areas on leaves. Lesions appear grey/green then bleached with brown margins.

Years with frequent rain, and early sown crops.

Residues of barley and barley grass. Can be seedborne. Spores spread by rainsplash.

Resistant varieties, clean seed, manage barley and barley grass debris. Seed and foliar fungicides

Net blotch spot form

Pyrenophora teres f. maculata

Dark brown spots to 10 mm, with yellow margins.

Infection from stubble especially in wet autumn conditions.

Barley and barley grass stubble, also airborne spores from infected crops.

Control barley grass and manage barley stubble. Avoid very susceptible varieties. Foliar fungicides.

Net blotchnet form

Pyrenophora teresf. teres

Small brown spots that develop into dark brown streaks on leaf blades that have net like appearance.

Spores can be produced for over 2 years on stubble. Moist conditions, temperatures in the 15-25°C range.

Survives on infected barley and barley grass residues. Wind borne spores.

Resistant varieties, crop rotation and stubble management.

Powdery mildew

Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei

White powdery spores on upper leaf surfaces, underside of leaves turn yellow to brown.

Favoured by high humidity and temperature of 15-22°C. Worse in high fertility paddocks and early sown crops.

Volunteer barley, barley grass and crop residue. Airborne spores.

Resistant varieties. Seed and foliar fungicides.

Leaf rust Puccinia hordei Small circular orange pustules on upper leaf surface.

Moist conditions with temperatures in the range 15-22°C.

Living plant hosts including barley, barley grass and Star of Bethlehem.

Use resistant varieties and control volunteer barley and barley grass over summer/autumn

Stem rust Puccinia graminis Large red-brown pustules. Rupture of leaf and stem surface.

Infection requires temperatures in the 15-30°C range and moist conditions.

Living plant hosts including volunteer cereals (wheat, barley, triticale and rye).

Use resistant varieties and control volunteer wheat, triticale and barley over summer/autumn.

BGSR(Barley grass stripe rust)

Puccinia striiformis Yellow powdery pustules in stripes on the leaves

Can develop throughout the growing season.

Barley grass and susceptible barley varieties.

Avoid susceptible varieties

BYDV(Barley yellow dwarf virus)

Barley yellow dwarf virus

Yellow stripes between leaf veins, some leaves red. Sterile heads and dwarfing plants.

Virus is transmitted by aphids.

Hosts include all cereals and many grasses.

Resistant varieties. Chemical control of aphids may be suitable for high value crops.

Wirrega blotch

Drechslera wirreganensis

Brown blotches often with hole in centre.

Minor occurrence. Range of grass weeds and cereal stubble.

Crop rotation. Avoid growing susceptible varieties, control grass weeds

Ringspot Drechslera campanulata

Small brown rimmed spots on leaves.

Common and widespread in southern Australia.

Wide range of cereals and grass weeds. Barley seed in crop residue infected with fungus.

Crop rotation and weed control.

Halo spot Pseudoseptoria stomaticola

Small white-brown lesions.

Cool, moist conditions. Residues of barley and grasses. Rainsplash.

Disease is not of economic importance.

GRAINCovered smut Ustilago segetum

var. hordeiDark, compacted heads, grain replaced by smut balls.

Spores germinate in infected grain when temperatures are between 14-25°C.

Infected seed. Use disease free seed, resistant varieties, seed treatments.

Loose smut Ustilago tritici Dark brown powdery spores replace grain.

Moist conditions at flowering and when temperatures are between 16-22°C.

Infected seed Use disease free seed and seed treatments. Avoid susceptible varieties.

ROOT/CROWNCrown rot Fusarium

pseudograminearum, F. culmorum

‘Whiteheads’ or deadheads most obvious after flowering, pink discolouration under leaf sheaths.

Most common on heavy or poorly drained soils Favoured by moist, humid conditions with temperatures between 15-30°C.

Survives in infected stubble residue for up to 2 years. Hosts include wheat, barley, triticale and some grasses.

Crop rotation, stubble removal, cultivation.

Pythium root rot (Damping off)

Pythium spp. Stunted seedlings, reduced tillering, pale stunted or stubby roots with light brown tips.

Favoured by wet conditions. Increased risk where high rainfall occurs after sowing.

Spores survive in soil or plant debris for up to 5 years.

Avoid deep sowing into cold wet soils, especially when direct drilling. Ensure good nutrient levels.

Common root rot

Bipolaris sorokiniana Brown discolouration of roots, sub-crown internode and crown. Plant stunting, brown spots on leaves and reduced tillers.

Scattered through crop. Wheat, barley, triticale and rye.

Crop rotation.

Barley


Table 4: (continued) Barley disease guide.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum source ControlCereal cyst nematode (CCN)

Heterodera avenae Yellow, stunted plants. Knotted roots.

Light soils and well structured clays where cereals are commonly grown.

Present in most soils in the southern region.

Resistant varieties, break from susceptible cereals and grasses, particularly wild oat.


Pratylenchus thornei& Pratylenchus neglectus

Reduced tillering, ill thrift; lesions on roots, lack of branching of root system.

Favoured by cereals in rotation with chickpea, medic and vetch.

Survives as dormant nematodes in the soil.

Crop rotation using resistant crops and resistant varieties.

Take-all Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici(Ggt)

Stunted or yellowing plants, ‘whiteheads’ at heading.

Fungus thrives under warm, damp conditions.

Fungus survives over summer in crowns and roots of wheat, barley and grass plants.

Crop rotations, at least one year free of hosts (cereals and grasses, especially barley grass). Fungicide applied to seed or fertiliser.

This table has been developed from information in the publications Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Root and Crown Diseases(Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI) and Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Leaf and Stem Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI)

Table 5: Long term predicted barley yield 2005-2013 expressed as a percentage of Gairdner. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Mallee North Central North East South West WimmeraGairdner (t/ha) 2.48 2.58 2.79 4.44 3.25Malting barleyBass 101 (35) 104 (14) 104 (6) 101 (10) 105 (21)Baudin 100 (43) 97 (23) 98 (8) - 101 (29)Buloke 105 (55) 104 (23) 105 (8) - 106 (29)Charger - 110 (11) 115 (4) 109 (10) 109 (4)Commander 108 (55) 110 (23) 111 (8) 105 (15) 110 (29)Fairview - 110 (12) 105 (5) 108 (12) 107 (17)Flagship 100 (55) 97 (23) 94 (8) - 98 (29)Franklin - - - 98 (8) -Gairdner 100 (52) 100 (23) 100 (8) 100 (15) 100 (29)Granger 102 (27) 111 (8) 109 (3) 104 (10) 105 (16)Henley 101 (20) 109 (14) 110 (5) 105 (10) 105 (20)Navigator - 103 (14) 107 (4) 105 (7) 106 (16)Schooner 94 (55) 89 (23) 90 (8) - 93 (29)Scope 103 (33) 104 (14) 105 (5) - 104 (20)Sloop SA 99 (46) - - - -Sloop VIC 97 (43) - - - 97 (13)Vlamingh 102 (35) 105 (14) 100 (4) 100 (15) 103 (17)Westminster - 104 (15) 103 (5) 105 (12) 98 (19)Feed barleyBarque 103 (55) - - - -Capstan - 113 (19) 109 (6) 111 (12) 115 (21)Fathom 113 (27) 110 (11) 110 (4) - 115 (16)Finniss - 91 (18) 87 (6) 92 (10) 93 (21)Fleet 111 (55) 109 (18) 110 (6) - 112 (25)Hannan 108 (21) 107 (8) 99 (3) - 108 (9)Hindmarsh 113 (48) 111 (20) 108 (7) - 116 (25)Keel 110 (54) 101 (18) 103 (5) - 111 (21)Lockyer 113 (6) 117 (6) 109 (3) 110 (3) 116 (9)Maritime 101 (51) - - 92 (15) 102 (24)Oxford 103 (33) 114 (14) 111 (5) 118 (10) 107 (22)Roe 105 (28) 100 (8) - - 106 (13)Shepherd 97 (19) 101 (10) - - 100 (14)Urambie - - - 99 (7) -Yarra 106 (35) 106 (14) 105 (5) - 109 (17)Barley under malt evaluationCompass 118 (13) 119 (5) - 109 (5) 123 (8)Flinders 100 (27) 104 (11) 103 (4) 100 (10) 103 (16)LaTrobe 114 (20) 114 (8) 111 (3) - 118 (12)Macquarie - 104 (12) 104 (7) 105 (11) 101 (23)Skipper 110 (26) 107 (11) 107 (4) - 112 (16)SY Rattler 98 (13) 104 (14) 107 (5) 98 (10) 102 (19)Wimmera - 109 (16) 105 (5) 107 (12) 106 (22)

Barley


Table 6: Yield - Mallee 2013 barley trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Gairdner. Fungicides used at Murrayville only.

Hopetoun Manangatang Murrayville Rainbow Ultima WalpeupSowing Date 22/5/13 8/5/13 17/5/13 17/5/13 6/6/13 21/5/13Gairdner (t/ha) 2.56 1.61 1.95 3.13 1.88 1.37Malting barleyBass 105 107 111 113 96 128Buloke 108 117 114 115 107 121Commander 116 100 114 119 122 80Flagship 101 109 114 110 98 108Gairdner 100 100 100 100 100 100Granger 106 98 104 113 98 99Schooner 100 106 103 106 94 112Scope 109 115 113 116 105 112Sloop SA 102 107 - - 104 -Feed barleyBarque 105 100 103 119 114 115Fathom 118 112 129 122 119 136Fleet 116 107 114 124 116 113Hindmarsh 116 114 131 112 109 132Keel 113 113 133 110 112 148Maritime 102 109 - - 101 -Oxford 111 100 98 116 94 64Barley under malt evaluationCompass 123 117 138 126 121 122Flinders 100 96 109 106 104 85La Trobe 113 124 127 117 110 132Skipper 112 121 126 119 115 135SY Rattler 108 106 103 109 98 114Wimmera 106 103 - - 96 -

Site Mean (t/ha) 2.78 1.73 2.23 3.56 1.99 1.52CV (%) 3 4 8 2 4 12LSD (%) 5 7 13 4 7 20

Barley


Table 7: Yield - North Central, North East and Wimmera 2013 barley trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Gairdner. Fungicides used on all trials.

North Central North East WimmeraCharlton (C) Colbinabbin Wunghnu Horsham Kaniva Minyip

Sowing Date 28/5/13 29/5/13 3/5/13 17/6/13 14/5/13 11/6/13Gairdner (t/ha) 2.40 2.98 3.49 3.73 4.82 4.73Malting barleyBass 114 92 98 103 110 101Baudin 110 125 101 107 106 103Buloke 128 104 102 106 111 101Charger 123 113 115 114 106 112Commander 135 104 106 105 108 107Fairview 135 130 119 109 - 105Flagship 146 101 107 100 101 91Gairdner 100 100 100 100 100 100Granger 145 116 116 112 111 109Henley 128 115 117 112 109 111Navigator 125 106 - 103 - 103Schooner 107 108 107 87 102 89Scope 131 120 108 119 108 101Westminster 108 122 103 98 104 99Feed barleyFathom 126 97 102 105 110 103Fleet - - - 114 110 109Hindmarsh 156 120 111 104 108 104Maritime - - 96 101 102 -Oxford 112 115 108 108 111 114Barley under malt evaluationCompass 135 112 127 117 116 120Flinders 118 116 113 101 107 100La Trobe 146 119 110 110 110 105Macquarie - - 108 108 - -Skipper 133 94 109 109 107 99SY Rattler 133 129 115 103 99 105Wimmera 128 116 109 106 107 107

Site Mean (t/ha) 3.07 3.36 3.77 3.96 5.15 4.94CV (%) 11 8 6 4 2 2LSD (%) 19 14 9 7 4 4C = Caution interpreting data, Charlton affected by brome grass.

Barley


Table 8: Protein level (%) and plump grain - North Central and Wimmera 2013 barley trials. Plump grain expressed as a percentage above a 2.5 mm sieve.

Protein (%) Plump grain (%)North Central Wimmera North Central WimmeraColbinabbin Horsham Kaniva Minyip Colbinabbin Horsham Kaniva Minyip

Malting barleyBass 7.6 7.9 8.9 9.2 97.3 97.0 84.9 98.3Baudin 7.7 7.3 8.5 8.8 97.0 94.0 87.5 96.7Buloke 7.8 7.7 8.5 8.5 95.4 92.6 85.6 96.3Charger 7.4 6.6 8.0 7.7 95.0 80.8 78.5 91.7Commander 7.4 7.0 8.2 7.9 96.0 93.5 84.8 95.7Fairview 7.8 8.4 - 8.9 95.3 84.6 - 96.5Flagship 7.0 - 8.8 9.3 94.8 - 80.6 94.9Gairdner 7.6 7.4 8.8 8.3 95.6 83.8 69.0 90.6Granger 7.1 7.0 8.4 8.1 96.1 83.3 92.5 96.8Henley 6.9 7.2 8.6 8.6 96.1 86.5 83.7 93.9Navigator 7.3 7.1 - - 94.7 93.3 - -Schooner 8.2 8.0 8.6 9.3 97.5 93.0 86.4 96.0Scope 7.3 7.3 8.4 8.7 96.5 91.8 75.9 96.3Westminster 6.9 7.2 8.8 8.8 96.3 87.2 92.1 94.8Feed barleyFathom 7.8 7.5 8.8 9.1 95.9 95.0 90.9 95.8Fleet - 6.9 8.4 8.5 - 94.6 86.2 96.1Hindmarsh 8.1 7.8 8.8 9.1 96.0 91.6 79.7 92.4Maritime - 8.2 9.1 - - 95.6 88.3 -Oxford 6.3 6.9 8.0 7.6 88.9 65.7 80.0 92.3Barley under malt evaluationCompass 6.7 6.8 7.8 7.7 95.5 95.9 88.2 97.2Flinders 7.7 7.9 8.7 9.1 96.6 92.5 91.1 91.1La Trobe 7.4 7.6 8.7 8.5 95.8 90.3 80.6 90.9Macquarie - 7.7 - - - 73.7 - -Skipper 8.7 7.6 8.7 9.1 97.1 94.6 87.1 96.8SY Rattler 7.0 6.7 8.4 8.0 92.1 57.4 66.3 85.0Wimmera 7.5 7.8 8.7 9.2 95.8 89.5 87.7 94.9

Barley


Table 9: Yield, protein level (%) and plump grain - South West 2013 long season barley trials. Yield expressed as a percentage of the yield of Gairdner, plump grain expressed as a percentage above a 2.5 mm sieve. Fungicides used on all trials.

Yield (%) Protein (%) Plump grain (%)Hamilton Streatham

(C)Teesdale Hamilton Streatham Teesdale Hamilton Streatham Teesdale

Sowing Date 9/5/13 9/5/13 10/5/13Gairdner (t/ha) 4.05 4.24 4.74Malting barleyBass 109 93 94 10.4 12.3 10.8 97.1 94.1 79.5Baudin 119 - - 9.2 - - 96.9 - -Buloke - - 101 - - 10.3 - - 87.9Charger 125 108 104 9.1 12.5 10.4 96.1 94.5 76.8Commander 115 97 119 8.9 10.5 9.7 94.6 91.9 92.2Fairview 117 116 101 9.4 11.4 10.6 97.1 91.1 74.1Flagship 93 - 108 10.2 - 10.4 93.6 - 82.8Gairdner 100 100 100 9.7 11.5 10.1 92.7 90.2 75.0Granger 103 91 114 10.1 10.5 9.8 97.4 94.2 92.2Henley 117 124 116 9.8 10.9 9.7 97.4 95.7 76.4Schooner 93 82 - 10.2 12.1 - 96.5 93.3 -Scope - - 91 - - 10.4 - - 86.1Vlamingh 115 101 112 9.8 11.9 10.9 97.6 96.0 92.7Westminster 113 106 132 9.5 10.6 10.0 96.6 93.1 93.2Feed barleyFathom 104 - 120 10.0 - 10.5 96.3 - 92.0Hindmarsh - 85 110 - 11.5 10.3 - 89.3 83.3Maritime 106 106 97 10.7 13.2 10.1 97.0 93.5 94.4Oxford 133 128 110 8.6 11.3 9.8 95.6 93.7 77.1Urambie 102 99 103 8.7 11.1 10.0 89.7 88.1 80.0Barley under malt evaluationCompass 114 104 118 9.7 10.6 9.5 94.5 93.5 92.2Flinders 100 100 108 10.0 11.1 10.3 96.7 93.5 88.3Macquarie 99 95 - 10.0 10.9 - 91.6 93.9 -Skipper 91 80 124 10.7 10.3 10.6 93.5 88.6 89.2SY Rattler 90 110 114 9.6 9.3 10.1 93.2 90.4 79.5Wimmera 109 87 107 9.7 10.5 10.8 95.0 89.4 83.5

Site Mean (t/ha) 4.45 4.37 5.20CV (%) 4 8 7LSD (%) 6 15 12C = Caution interpreting data, Streatham site damaged by crows and high weed pressure.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSFrank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamMark McLean Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamGrant Hollaway Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamDavid Moody InterGrain, PerthStewart Coventry University of AdelaideKenton Porker South Australian Research and Development Institute

OAT

Oat


OATREVIEW OF 2013

Season Oats performed well in most areas with the cool spring and reasonable rainfall producing both good yields and excellent quality with most being suitable for milling. Oats are more frost tolerant than wheat and avoided the severe frosts in October.

DiseaseRust pressure was low in 2013 due to dry seasonal conditions during summer, which limited the green bridge necessary for rust survival, followed by dry conditions during late spring. Diseases such as bacterial blight and red leather leaf did not cause major problems.


New varietiesTwo new potential milling varieties have been added in 2014. Bannister is a dwarf variety previously available in WA, and Dunnart is a variety with CCN resistance.

Williams, a new potential milling variety with early maturity has been released for the 2014 season in WA and will be available in the eastern states in 2015.

DiseaseIt is important that growers understand the resistance/susceptibility of their varieties to the diseases of importance in their region and plan management strategies accordingly.

Quality Variety selection should be based upon agronomic traits, potential grain quality and marketing or end use options.Oats are grown for human consumption or animal feed as a grain or hay. Grain quality traits for the milling industry include high groat percent, high β-glucan, low screenings, and high hectolitre weight. Grain quality traits for improved animal feed include low hull lignin, high groat percentage,and high oil content, resulting in high grain digestibility. Important hay quality traits are high digestibility, high water soluble carbohydrates, low fibre and high protein.

The option of oats for hay is increasing in popularity where growers have identified it as profitable, as a tool to manage herbicide resistance and to spread risk. Variety performance for hay yield and quality is available in the Oat Newsletter at www.sardi.sa.gov.au/crops/publications/newsletters.

RoyaltiesWhere applicable, growers selling oat seed or export hay will pay an End Point Royalty (EPR). Growers producing domestic hay from PBR varieties will pay a seed royalty of $2/tonne, but will not pay an EPR. The AEXCO oat EPR for export hay is $2/tonne (ex GST).

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG1160 Cereal disease guide

• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONSdenotes Plant Breeders Rights apply.

End Point Royalty (EPR) for grain and hay and seed royalty for 2014-15 season quoted $/tonne ex-GST.

Milling oat – BANNISTER A dwarf potential milling variety with wide adaption. Compared to Mitika it is about 13cm taller and flowers 3-4days later. Similar to Mitika for groat percentage. R to leaf rust and S to bacterial blight. Very susceptible and intolerant to CCN. Bred by the National Oat Breeding Program (WAOAT2354). Released in WA in 2012, it will be available in eastern Australia for 2014 via Seednet. EPR $2.30.

Milling oat – DUNNART A dwarf potential milling variety with mid maturity. It is 10-15 cm taller than Mitika, Possum and Wombat. Dunnart has improved plant colour compared to Mitika and Wombat. It is MR to leaf rust, R and MT to CCN, and MR to barley yellow dwarf virus. Bred by SARDI (SV98146-26), released 2012 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $2.

Milling oat – MITIKA An early maturing dwarf variety with some resistance to common rusts. Suited to high rainfall areas, it has around 73 percent groat yield and provides excellent feed value. It is not suited to areas where CCN is a problem. Released 2005 and marketed by Heritage Seeds. EPR $2.

Milling oat – POSSUM A dwarf variety to replace Echidna for milling in medium to high rainfall regions with improved grain quality. It is MSS to stem rust, S to leaf rust. VS and intolerant to CCN. Late sowing may result in yield penalty. Bred by SARDI, released 2002 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $1.70.

Milling Oat – WOMBAT A dwarf mid season variety that flowers about six days later than Mitika. It is the first dwarf milling variety with CCN resistance and tolerance. Intended to replace Mitika and Possum where CCN and stem nematode are limiting yield, but may have higher screenings. Bred by SARDI (SV97181-12), released 2011 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $2.

Milling oat – YALLARA Medium to tall similar to Euro, which it is intended to replace. S to stem rust and MS to leaf rust and septoria. Resistant but intolerant to CCN. Suited to drier areas. Bred by SARDI, released in 2009 and marketed by Seednet. EPR $2.

Feed oat – ECHIDNAA widely adapted, high yielding, semi dwarf variety for milling and feed. Echidna is outclassed by Possum and Mitika for milling quality. Moderately tolerant to stem nematode but susceptible to rusts and CCN.Released 1984 by SARDI.

http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/crops/publications/newsletters





Oat


Feed oat – POTOROOA widely adapted early feed grain semi-dwarf variety. Suited to low rainfall areas where CCN is a problem. Potential to use for hay production in high rainfall areas where lodging in tall varieties is a problem. Susceptible to rusts but resistant and tolerant to CCN. Released 1991 by SARDI.

Feed/hay oat – QUOLLHigh yielding semi-dwarf variety suitable for feed grain with potential to use for hay production in high rainfall areas where lodging is a problem in taller varieties. MSS to stem rust and MRMS to leaf rust. Susceptible and intolerant to CCN. Released 1998.

Hay/feed oat – MULGARA A mid season tall oat targeted as a replacement for Wintaroo but with better resistance to rust, bacterial blight and lodging. Has excellent hay colour with quality similar to Wintaroo. Bred by SARDI, released 2009 and marketed by AEXCO. EPR $2 or seed royalty $30.

Hay/feed oat – TAMMAR Late season tall hay oat variety for medium and high rainfall zones which provides a slightly later cutting time than Tungoo and Kangaroo. S to stem rust, MRMS to leaf rust, and MR & MT to CCN. Bred by SARDI, released 2010and marketed by AEXCO. EPR $2 or seed royalty $30.

Hay/grazing/feed oat – BRUSHER Early to mid season tall oat, well suited to low rainfall areas. MSS to stem and leaf rust. Resistant but moderately intolerant to CCN. Bred by SARDI, released 2002 and marketed by AEXCO. EPR $2 or seed royalty $30.

Hay/grazing/feed oat – WINTAROO Tall, mid-season variety for all rainfall zones. Susceptible to leaf and stem rust. Resistant and moderately tolerant to CCN. Bred by SARDI, released 2001 and marketed by AEXCO. EPR $2 or seed royalty $30.

Hay oat – FORESTER A medium height late hay variety is adapted to high rainfall and irrigated cropping regions. It has excellent lodging and shattering resistance. S to stem rust, MRMS to leaf rust. It has excellent hay qualities, but is MS & MI to CCN. Bred by SARDI (SV97200-3), released 2011 and marketed by AGF Seeds. EPR $2 or seed royalty $75.

Hay oat - GLIDERA late maturity variety suited to high rainfall regions. S to stem rust depending on the pathotype, MSS to leaf rust.MS and intolerant to CCN. Bred by SARDI and released 1999.

Hay oat – KANGAROO A mid to late season moderately tall oat, a later flowering time makes it less suited to low rainfall environments. MSS to rusts. Resistant and moderately tolerant to CCN. Released 2003. Bred by SARDI, marketed by AEXCO. EPR $2 or seed royalty $30.

Hay oat - TUNGOOA medium to tall variety. MSS to stem rust and MS to leaf rust. Resistant and moderately tolerant to CCN and stem nematode. Hay yield similar to Kangaroo but grain yield poor. Released 2008. Bred by SARDI, marketed byAEXCO. EPR $2 or seed royalty $30.

Table 1: Oat variety agronomic guide and disease reactions. Oat disease reactions provided by Pamela Zwer, SARDI.

End Height Maturity Hectolitre Stem Leaf CCN BYDV Septoria Bacterial Red use weight Rust Rust Res Tol blight Leather

LeafMilling OatsBannister M TD M H S R VS I MS S- S MSDunnart M TD M H S MR R MT MR MRMS S MSMitika M D E H S MSS VS I MSS S MR SPossum M D EM H MSS S VS I S MS S MSSWilliams M MT E H S R S I MRMS MRMS R MSWombat M D EM H MSS MS R T MR MS MRMS MSYallara M MT EM H S MS R I MS MS MRMS MSFeed OatsEchidna M/F D EM M S S S I MS S S MSPotoroo F TD E L S S R T MS S S VSQuoll F TD EM ML MSS MRMS S I MS MR MS MSHay/Grazing/FeedBrusher H/G/F T EM M MSS MSS R MI MS MS MRMS MSForester H MT VL L S MRMS MS MI S MR MSS MRGlider H MT L ML S MSS MS I S MR R RKangaroo H MT ML M MSS MSS R MT S MRMS MRMS MSMulgara H T EM M MS MRMS R MT MS MS MR MSTammar H MT LM L S MRMS MR MT MS MR MR MSTungoo H MT ML L MSS MS R MT MRMS MR MR RWintaroo H/G T EM M S S R MT MRMS MRMS MRMS MSEnd use: M = milling, F = feed grain, G = grazing, H = hayPlant height: D = dwarf, TD = tall dwarf, T = tall, ST = short tall, MT = moderate tallMaturity: E = early, EM = early mid, M = mid season, ML = mid late season, LM = late mid season, L = late, VL=very late Hectolitre weight: H = heavy, M = medium, L = lightR = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptibleDisease tolerance: T = tolerant, MT = moderately tolerant, MI = moderately intolerant, I = intolerant

Oat


Table 2: Oat time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.MALLEE April May June JulyMilling: Bannister, Dunnart, Echidna, Mitka, Yallara, Wombat > X X X X X X < <

Feed: Potoroo, Quoll > X X X X X X < <Hay: Kangaroo, Mulgara, Wintaroo, Forester > X X X X X X < <Grazing: Wintaroo > X X X X X X < <WIMMERA April May June JulyMilling:Bannister, Dunnart, Echidna, Mitika, Possum, Yallara, Wombat

> > X X X X X < < <

Feed: Mulgara, Potoroo, Quoll > > X X X X X < < <Hay:Brusher, Glider, Kangaroo, Mulgara, Wintaroo, Forester > > X X X X X X X < < <

Grazing: Wintaroo > > X X X X X X X < < <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyMilling:Bannister, Dunnart, Echidna, Mitika, Possum, Yallara, Wombat

> > X X X X X < < <

Feed: Potoroo, Mulgara, Quoll > > X X X X X < < <Hay: Glider, Kangaroo, Mulgara, Wintaroo, Forester > X X X X X X X X < < <NORTH EAST April May June JulyMilling: Bannister, Dunnart, Echidna, Possum, Yallara, Wombat > > X X X X < <

Feed: Mulgara, Quoll, Tammar > > X X X X < <Hay:Glider, Mulgara, Tammar, Tungo, Wintaroo, Forester > X X X X X <

Grazing: Tungoo > X X X < <SOUTH WEST April May June JulyMilling:Bannister, Dunnart, Echidna, Kojonup, Mitika, Yallara, Wombat

> X X X X X X X X < < <

Possum > X X X X X X X <Feed: Potoroo, Quoll, Tammar > X X X X X X X X < < <Hay: Glider, Tammar, Tungoo, Forester > X X X X X X X X X < < <Varietal choice determines time to grazing or cutting for hay >earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable

Oat


Table 3: Oat disease guide.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Hosts ControlFOLIARLeaf rust Puccinia coronata

f.sp.avenaeSmall circular orange pustules on upper leaf surface.

More severe during moist conditions with temperatures between 15-22°C.

Volunteer oats and wild oats.

Resistant varieties. Control volunteer and wild oats over the summer.

Stem rust Puccinia graminis f.sp.avenae

Large red-brown pustules, rupture in leaf surface.

Infection requires warm (15-30°C) moist conditions.

Volunteer oats and wild oats.

Resistant varieties. Control volunteer and wild oats over summer.

Septoria blotch

Phaeosphaeria avenaria

Dark brown purple spots on leaves, sheaths & stems. Head and grain may become infected.

Prefers cool rainy weather, especially coastal districts.

Spores spread in autumn by raindrop splashes from oat residues.

Resistant varieties. Crop rotation, bury or graze infected stubble. Avoid early sowing in high rainfall areas.

BYDV Barley yellow dwarf virus

Leaf tip and margins turn red with intervienal chlorosis, mottling and stunting.

Transmitted by aphids. Hosts include all cereals and grasses, including pastures.

Resistant varieties. Chemical control of insects may be suitable for high value crops.

Halo blight Pseudomonas syringae pv.coronafaciens

Light green, yellow or brown halo spot on leaves and sheaths. Leaves may wither and die.

Moist weather provides ideal conditions.

Bacteria on seed and crop debris are spread by rain splash, direct leaf contact, or aphids.

Avoid susceptible varieties, use clean seed in clean paddocks. Destroy infected oat stubble.

Stripe blight Pseudomonas syringae pvstriafaciens

Spots on leaves lengthen to form brown stripes on leaves & sheaths. Leaves may wither & die.

Moist weather provides ideal conditions.

Bacteria on seed and crop debris are spread by rainsplash, direct leaf contact, or aphids.

Avoid susceptible varieties, use clean seed in clean paddocks, destroy infected oat stubble.

Powdery mildew

Blumeria graminis f.sp avenae

White powdery spores on upper leaf surfaces. Underside of leaves turn yellow to brown.

Favoured by high humidity and temperatures between 15-22°C.

Volunteer oats, oat stubble, windborne spores.

Avoid very susceptible varieties.

Red leather leaf

Spermospora avenae

Long reddish lesions with buff centres. Leaves may look and feel leathery.

High rainfall provides ideal conditions.

Stubble and rain splash. Avoid susceptible varieties and rotate crops. Remove infected oat stubble.

GRAINSmut Ustilage segetum

var. hordei. andUstilage avenae

Grain replaced with dark brown-black powdery spores.

Moist conditions at flowering and temperatures between 15-25°C.

Air borne spores lodge in hulls, glumes or seed coats.

Clean seed and use seed treatment. Avoid susceptible varieties.

ROOT / CROWNCereal cystnematode (CCN)

Heterodera avenae

Yellow or pale green patches in crop. Stunted, weak plants with knotted root systems.

Can survive in soil between susceptible cereal crops for up to 2 years.

Cereals and some grasses, especially wild oats.

Resistant or tolerant varieties, crop rotation, weed control.

Stem nematode

Ditylenchus dipsaci

Swollen base of plant, stunted & numerous tillers.

Encouraged by moist conditions & can reproduce 4-5 times per season.

Wide host range including peas, beans, wild oats andmany weeds. Nematode spread in infected hay.

Crop rotation and weed control. Avoid susceptible varieties.


Pratylenchus thornei &Pratylenchus neglectus.

Reduced tillering, ill thrift; lack of branching of root system, lesions on roots.

Favoured by wheat in rotation with wheat chickpea, medic and vetch.

Survives as dormant nematodes in the soil.

Crop rotation using resistant crops.

This table has been developed from information in the publications Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Root and Crown Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI) and Wallwork H (2000) (Ed) Cereal Leaf and Stem Diseases (Grains Research and Development Corporation, SARDI).

Table 4: Long term predicted oat yield 2007-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Mitika. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

North Central North East South WestMitika (t/ha) 2.68 2.68 4.31Bannister 103 (6) 123 (10) 112 (4)Carrolup - 101 (3) -Dunnart 104 (12) 107 (15) 102 (8)Echidna 99 (5) 116 (5) 107 (7)Euro 92 (9) 109 (10) 103 (7)Kojonup 96 (4) 110 (7) 102 (4)Mitika 100 (12) 100 (15) 100 (8)Mortlock 90 (4) 87 (5) -Numbat 50 (6) 85 (6) -Possum 95 (12) 104 (15) 101 (8)Potoroo 97 (5) 115 (7) 104 (6)Quoll 110 (10) 111 (10) 105 (8)Williams 96 (6) 128 (10) 118 (4)Wombat 97 (10) 113 (13) 105 (6)Yallara 92 (12) 101 (15) 100 (8)

Oat


Table 5: Yield - Victorian 2013 2013 NVT and breeder (B) oat trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Mitika. Fungicides used at Diggora and Yarrawonga.

North Central North EastDiggora (C) Eastville Dookie Rutherglen (B) Yarrawonga

Sowing Date 29/5/13 10/5/13 14/5/13 26/4/13 18/5/13Mitika (t/ha) 3.36 3.64 4.68 3.02 3.94Bannister 101 124 114 143 122Carrolup - - - 148 -Dunnart 86 112 112 143 105Echidna 82 100 97 - 114Kojonup - - - 141 -Mitika 100 100 100 100 100Numbat 51 63 59 - 56Possum 91 110 105 117 108Potoroo - - - 152 -Quoll 82 116 91 - 102Wandering - - - 146 -Williams 101 116 116 147 113Wombat 89 113 110 146 121Yallara 89 109 101 106 98

Site Mean (t/ha) 2.86 3.76 4.58 3.62 3.88CV (%) 15 7 4 5 9LSD (%) 24 11 6 9 15B =Breeding trial, C = caution interpreting data at Diggora, high variability

Table 6: North Central and North East 2013 oat trials. Protein (%) of oat varieties.North Central North East

Diggora Eastville Dookie YarrawongaBannister 8.3 8.7 8.0 8.4Dunnart 7.8 9.4 8.4 9.0Echidna 8.6 9.1 9.1 9.5Mitika 9.9 10.5 9.5 9.8Numbat 9.2 11.0 9.9 9.6Possum 8.9 10.5 9.2 9.3Quoll 9.0 9.4 8.8 9.1Williams 9.1 9.1 8.7 9.5Wombat 9.0 9.5 9.3 9.2Yallara 8.9 9.4 8.9 9.1

Table 7: North Central and North East 2013 oat trials. Screenings (% of grain below a 2mm sieve) and test weight (kg/hectolitre).

Screenings (%) Test weight (kg/hectalitre)North Central North East North Central North East

Diggora Eastville Dookie Yarrawonga Diggora Eastville Dookie YarrawongaBannister 13.22 3.14 11.34 12.83 55.1 50.6 54.3 52.6Dunnart 11.56 3.07 16.03 17.35 50.7 - - -Echidna 21.76 10.43 17.45 24.56 52.4 - 51.5 51.3Mitika 8.50 1.79 8.60 8.14 54.7 51.2 55.4 53.6Numbat 60.70 36.18 74.96 51.14 61.0 51.4 64.2 58.6Possum 7.84 3.12 12.65 11.33 52.9 - 50.0 52.4Quoll 17.10 5.55 16.89 19.43 - - 50.0 50.8Williams 22.50 5.54 15.81 18.04 51.5 50.7 50.0 54.7Wombat 16.89 8.38 34.23 11.55 51.8 - 54.1 52.8Yallara 11.84 2.72 14.93 19.90 53.4 50.0 50.0 -

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Frank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamGrant Hollaway Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamPamela Zwer South Australian Research and Development InstituteSue Hoppo South Australian Research and Development InstitutePeter McCormack South Australian Research and Development Institute

TRITICALE

Triticale


TRITICALETriticale, a cross between wheat and cereal rye, has a niche on farms across Victoria due to several attributes. It has a reputation for tolerance to harsh soil conditions such as acid and alkaline soils and soils of low trace element fertility. It is a tall crop bred for strong straw strength which can be useful in rocky paddocks or circumstances where crops have been known to lodge.

REVIEW OF 2013

Season The area sown to triticale has declined substantially in recent years as growers favour wheat or barley.

In general a late start to the season and average winter rainfall was followed by a dry period in early spring. Crops in the Mallee finished early and yields were reduced. Crops elsewhere were not exposed to heat stress during flowering and grain fill enabling good yields, with the exception of those damaged by frost in the north.

Disease As triticales have adequate resistance to a range of diseases, there were no reports of disease issues in this crop.


New varietiesThere are no new varieties for 2014.

Fusion is a new mid-season variety for 2013. It is CCN-resistant and is reputed to yield well even under dry conditions or a quick finish to the season.

DiseaseWhen selecting varieties up to date rust resistance ratings should be consulted as previous ratings may have changed due to new rust strains becoming established. The important diseases to consider are stripe rust and CCN.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG0497 Growing triticale• AG1160 Cereal disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONSdenotes Plant Breeders Rights apply


BERKSHIRE A mid-season awned variety with good straw strength. Good resistance to leaf and stem rust and MRMS to stripe rust. Has been purpose bred for feed quality traits for pigs by the University of Sydney and Pork CRC, registered 2009. Marketed by Waratah Seed Co.

BOGONG An early to mid season fully awned variety. Higher yielding than Tahara with good resistance to stem and leaf rust but MRMS to stripe rust and susceptible to CCN. Bred by University of New England, registered 2009. Marketed by Seednet.

CANOBOLAS Early to mid-season awned variety with stiff straw, shorter than Tahara. A widely adapted spring variety with acid soil tolerance. Canobolas has resistance to stem and leaf rust and MRMS to stripe rust. Bred by the University of New England, registered 2009. Marketed by Seednet.

CHOPPER An early maturing, awned semi dwarf variety which resists lodging in high yielding environments. Has good grain quality and performs best in short growing seasons or late sowing situations. MRMS to stripe rust. Bred by AGT, released in 2010 and marketed by AGT. EPR $3.

FUSION A mid-season variety (similar to Tahara), fully awned grain only triticale. A moderately tall variety that yields well in dry or sudden finishes. CCN resistance, good resistance to stem and leaf rust and RMR to stripe rust. Tested as TSA0291, released in 2012 and marketed by AGT.EPR $3.

GOANNAAn early to mid-season, fully awned grain only triticale. CCN resistance, good resistance to stem and MR to leaf and stripe rust. Released in 2011 by Cooper & Elleway.

HAWKEYE A mid-season maturing, fully awned, spring variety with broad adaptation. This variety produces large grain with low screenings, and has resistance to CCN, good resistance to stem and leaf rust and MR to stripe rust.Released 2007 and marketed by AGT. EPR $2.50.

JAYWICK A medium maturing, fully awned spring variety which has displayed good yields in tough finishing seasons. Also produces large grain with low screenings. Resistant to CCN, good resistance to leaf and stripe rust and MRMS to stem rust. Released 2007 and marketed by AGT.EPR $2.50.

TAHARAA variety that has been widely grown for many years because of its reliability across a range of environments,but now outclassed by newer options. It may lodge in high yielding situations, and has resistance to CCN, RMR to stem rust, R to leaf rust and MRMS to stripe rust. Suited to most districts with rainfall up to 550mm. Released 1987 by the forerunner of the Victorian DEPI.

TICKITA widely adapted variety with straw that is shorter and stronger than Tahara and with similar maturity and grain quality. MRMS^ to stripe rust and resistant to CCN. An older variety generally outclassed by newer options.Registered 1999, seed freely available.



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-triticale



Triticale


YOWIE A medium to tall mid-season grain variety that is fully awned and white-chaffed. Good resistance to all rusts and full resistance to CCN. Released in 2010, seed available from Cooper & Elleway.

DUAL-PURPOSE TRITICALESThese varieties can be grazed early and then allowed to produce grain or cut for hay.

ENDEAVOUR Long season variety with similar maturity to Breakwell.Semi-awnless with excellent dry matter production and grain recovery after grazing. Resistant to all rusts.Registered 2008 and marketed by Waratah Seed Co.

RUFUSA mid-season maturing variety, with a tall growth habit and reduced awns which is favoured for hay production. Is CCN resistant and MRMS to stripe rust. Grain yields in higher rainfall regions have been superior to Tahara but may also cause lodging. Released in 2005 by University of New England.

TOBRUK With a strong winter habit Tobruk is a dual purpose or long season grain only variety with excellent grain yield. Resistant to stem and leaf rust and MR to stripe rust. Earlier flowering than Breakwell and Endeavour. Released 2007 and marketed by Waratah Seed Co.

TUCKERBOX Tuckerbox is a late-medium season, tall, high tillering variety with reduced awn head type, which may be grown for forage or grain. Good resistance to all rusts and CCN. Released in 2009 and marketed by Yankalilla Seeds.

YUKURI A reduced awn type of medium to late season maturity, it has good resistance to all rusts but is susceptible to CCN. Yukuri is a fodder type option which produces good quality hay and silage. As a grain crop it is best suited to environments with 450mm plus rainfall. Registered 2005,marketed by Seed Distributors.

Table 1: Triticale time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.MALLEE April May June JulyBerkshire, Chopper, Fusion, Hawkeye, Jaywick, Rufus, Tahara, Tickit, Goanna, Yowie

> > X X X X X < <

WIMMERA April May June JulyBerkshire, Fusion, Hawkeye, Jaywick, Rufus, Tahara, Tickit, Goanna, Yowie > > X X X X X X <

Chopper > > X X X X X X <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyBerkshire, Credit, Fusion, Hawkeye, Jaywick, Rufus, Tahara, Tickit, Goanna, Yowie

> > X X X X < <

Chopper > > X X X < <NORTH EAST April May June JulyJackie X X X X X X <Abacus > X X X < <Berkshire, Credit, Fusion, Hawkeye, Jaywick, Tahara, Tickit, Goanna, Yowie > X X X <

Chopper > X X X <SOUTH WEST April May June JulyEndeavour, Jackie, Yukuri > X X X X X X < <Abacus, Prime 322 > > X X X X X X < <Berkshire, Credit, Fusion, Kosciuszko, Tahara, Tickit, Tobruk > > X X X X X < <


Triticale


Table 2: Triticale variety agronomic guide and disease reaction.Variety Maturity Height Head

colourStem rust

Stripe rust Leaf rust Yellow leaf spot

Septoria tritici

CCNresistance

Pratylenchus neglectusresistance

Pratylenchus thornei

resistanceBerkshire E-M T W R MRMS RMR MR MR - - -Bogong E-M M-T W RMR MRMS RMR MR R S - -Canobolas E-M M-T W RMR MRMS RMR MRMS RMR - - -Chopper E S-M W MR MRMS R MR R R - -Endeavour L W R RMR R MR RMR R - -Fusion M M-T W R RMR R MRMS R R - -Goanna E-M T W R MR MR MR R R - -Hawkeye M M-T W RMR MR R MR R R - -Jaywick M M-T W MRMS RMR^ R MR R R MRMS -Rufus M T W RMR MRMS R MR MR R RMR RMRTahara M T W RMR MRMS R MR RMR R RMR RTickit M M W RMR MRMS^ MR MR MR R MR MRTobruk M-L - W R MSS R MR MR - - -Tuckerbox M T W MR MR R MR RMR RYowie M M-T W R MR R MR R R - -Yukuri M-L - W R MR R MR MR S - -

Maturity: E = early, M = mid season, L = late, VL = very late Height: M = medium, T = tallColour: W = white, Br = brownDisease: R = Resistant, RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant, MR = Moderately resistant, MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible, MS = Moderately susceptible, MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible, S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible, VS = Very susceptible^ These lines may be impure lines and therefore mixed with more susceptible plants.

Table 3: Long term predicted triticale yield 2006-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Jaywick(main season) or Tobruk (long season). The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Mallee North East South West South WestMain Season Main Season Main Season Long Season

Jaywick (t/ha) 2.26 3.51 4.49Tobruk (t/ha) 3.58Abacus - 75 (2) 78 (3) 93 (10)Berkshire 102 (10) 103 (14) 102 (11) -Bogong 106 (13) 105 (14) 104 (13) -Breakwell - - - 99 (6)Canobolas 102 (13) 103 (14) 103 (13) -Chopper 105 (11) 99 (12) 94 (11) -Crackerjack - 103 (4) 99 (3) 122 (4)Credit - 82 (3) 76 (4) 90 (8)El Alamein - - - 138 (9)Endeavour - - - 111 (14)Everest - 95 (3) 92 (2) -Fusion 110 (8) 109 (8) 108 (7) -Goanna 103 (6) 96 (6) 92 (5) -Hawkeye 103 (14) 103 (16) 102 (15) 133 (10)Jackie - - - 83 (4)Jaywick 100 (14) 100 (16) 100 (15) -Kosciuszko 87 (3) 79 (4) 72 (6) 80 (4)Prime 322 - 94 (3) 92 (2) -Rufus 103 (11) 96 (12) 91 (11) -Speedee 94 (6) 83 (4) - -Tahara 102 (14) 94 (16) 89 (15) 111 (6)Tickit 103 (8) 95 (3) 91 (4) -Tobruk 65 (2) 85 (8) 97 (8) 123 (14)Treat - 105 (3) 101 (2) -Tuckerbox 98 (2) 86 (10) 79 (9) 100 (8)Yowie 98 (8) 95 (8) 94 (7) 120 (6)Yukuri - - 79 (9) 102 (10)

Triticale


Table 4: Yield - 2013 triticale trials expressed as a percentage of the yield of Jaywick (main season). No long season trial results are available for 2013. Fungicides used at Rutherglen only.

Mallee North EastUltima Walpeup Rutherglen Yarrawonga (C)

Sowing Date 6/6/13 21/5/13 26/4/13 18/5/13Jaywick (t/ha) 1.77 0.98 6.48 4.97Berkshire 96 117 100 94Bogong 106 114 119 97Canobolas 104 68 111 92Chopper 112 140 100 89Fusion 107 130 106 109Goanna 101 119 102 100Hawkeye 107 115 109 103Jaywick 100 100 100 100Rufus 100 103 97 105Tahara 103 99 98 94Tuckerbox - - 99 55Yowie 106 77 99 65Yukuri - - 100 -

Site Mean (t/ha) 1.87 1.09 6.83 4.74CV (%) 6 8 3 12LSD (%) 9 12 6 19C = caution interpreting data at Yarrawonga, high variability

Table 5: Protein level (%), screenings and test weight (kg/hectolitre) in Victorian 2013 triticale trials at Yarrawonga. Screenings expressed as a percentage of grain below a 2 mm sieve.

Protein (%) Screenings (%) Test weight (kg/hectolitre)

Berkshire 10.0 1.12 77.1Bogong 10.0 1.44 76.6Canobolas 10.0 1.74 75.0Chopper 9.9 1.51 72.3Fusion 10.0 1.41 74.3Goanna 10.1 1.36 76.2Hawkeye 9.9 1.02 74.3Jaywick 10.1 1.22 73.8Rufus 10.0 1.32 71.1Tahara 10.0 1.15 72.5Tuckerbox 10.0 2.17 73.0Yowie 10.0 1.17 74.1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Frank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamGrant Hollaway Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamRob Wheeler South Australian Research and Development Institute

CANOLA

Canola


CANOLA REVIEW OF 2013

Season The late start to the 2013 season meant the area sown to canola declined to about two thirds of the area sown in 2012.

Crops in the Mallee suffered from a lack of moisture and a sharp finish with yields well below average. A number of canola crops, particularly across the north central to north east, were affected by frosts in mid-spring. Few were baled for hay as in many cases crops were too advanced. Those in the Wimmera and South West fared well with close to average yields. Canola crops in Gippsland suffered from waterlogging and slugs moreso than other areas so yields were reduced.

Relatively mild conditions in spring made for good oil content across most areas.

Disease SclerotiniaIn 2013 sclerotinia was observed in all canola producing areas, however it was more severe in north eastern Victoria than in the southern growing regions where cooler conditions were not conducive to sclerotinia development. Mild winter temperatures allowed canola to flower 3-4weeks earlier than usual in northern Victoria, some as early as mid-July. This coincided with good rainfall throughout late July and August providing the ideal humidityenvironment for apothecia development and the release of ascospores.

White leaf spotWhite leaf spot was very severe in 2013. Normally affecting only the oldest leaves continued wet conditions allowed it to move up the canopy. It does not normally cause yield loss but in 2013 it is likely that some crop yields were reduced. Observations showed that foliar applications of fungicides at the 4-6 leaf stage, which were applied for blackleg control, may have also reduced white leaf spot severity.

AlternariaAlternaria was severe in a few regions in 2013. When there is late rainfall during podding the fungus can cause lesions on the pods. Some yield loss results is caused when seeds shrivel and die, but the bulk of the the yield loss comes from premature pod shattering.

BlacklegIn 2013 there were generally low levels of blackleg across Victoria. This is likely due to the dry start to the seasondelaying the onset of spore production.


New varietiesThe new listings for 2014 are:• Conventional - Nuseed Diamond, SF Brazzil, SF

Sensation• Clearfield - Hyola 577CL, Pioneer 44Y87(CL), Pioneer

45Y88(CL)• Triazine tolerant - Atomic, ATR Bonito, ATR Wahoo,

Hyola 450TT, Hyola 650TT• Triazine tolerant high stability - Monola 314TT

• Roundup Ready - Hyola 400RR, Hyola 500RR, IH30 RR, Pioneer 44Y24(RR)

A new category for varieties with tolerance to more than one herbicide has been created with Roundup Ready tolerance being added to Triazine tolerant varieties. It is expected that a number of these will become available in coming years. • Roundup Ready & Triazine tolerant - Fusion HT-RR,

Hyola 525RT

Varieties removed this year are:• Conventional - CB Agamax, CB Tango, CB Taurus,

Hyola 433, Hyola 930• Conventional high stability - Victory V3001, Victory

3003• Clearfield - Pioneer 45Y82(CL)• Clearfield Juncea - Xceed X121 CL• Triazine tolerant - Bonanza TT, CB Henty, CB Jardee,

CB Nitro, CB Telfer, Hyola 444TT, Jackpot TT• Triazine tolerant high stability - Monola 506TT• Roundup Ready - CB Frontier, CB Status, Pioneer

45Y21(RR), Pioneer 46Y20(RR), VT525G, VT535G• Roundup Ready high stability - Victory V5002RR

DiseaseTo manage canola diseases it is important to separate current crops from last year’s stubble. Ideally choose alocation more than 500m away.

SclerotiniaSelect seed that is graded and free of sclerotinia for 2014 and avoid paddocks that have had moderate to high levels of sclerotinia in the last three years. If infection is observed in 2014 it is important to apply fungicide at the 20-30% flowering stage.

AlternariaDo not retain seed from crops that had alternaria infected pods in 2013. Alternaria can cause seedling blight.

BlacklegTo improve blackleg management, cultivars that have a blackleg resistance of MR or greater have been placed in resistance groups (A to G). The blackleg fungus is more likely to overcome resistance if cultivars of the same resistance group are sown in close proximity for three years or more. Rotating resistance groups will help avoid resistance breakdown and reduce disease severity. In 2014 there is increased risk of Group D blackleg severity for growers in the North East who have grown Group D cultivars over the past 2 years. Individual region blackleg monitoring summaries can be found on the Marcroft Grains Pathology Facebook page.

The GRDC ‘Blackleg Management Guide’ is a good reference.

To reduce blackleg severity, 1. Choose a cultivar with a high blackleg resistance

rating. 2. Separate the current crop from last year’s canola

stubble.3. Use a seed dressing fungicide.4. Change blackleg resistance groups if you have

sown the same cultivar for three or more years

Canola


and you have observed increasing blackleg severity in your cultivar over time.

At the time of publication, updated blackleg ratings for 2014were not available. The 2013 ratings are cited in this guide. It is recommended that all ratings are checked against the list updated in March 2014 in the Blackleg Management Guide on the GRDC website.

Retaining seedGrowers should never retain hybrid seed, as the F2 seed will not produce a crop with the same characteristics as the F1 hybrid seed. Sowing retained seed of open pollinated varieties is not recommended following a poor season. Poor spring weather may produce poor quality seed. If considering retaining seed from open-pollinated varieties, growers should be aware of the costs associated with germination testing, grading, storage and potential weed problems.

SowingSubsoil moisture is important in the medium and low rainfall areas, with some advisors advocating a requirement for a minimum of 25-50 mm plant available water (PAW) before sowing. Every 10 mm PAW can translate to approximately 150 kg/ha in yield. However, timely sowing of canola is important as it is more affected by delayed sowing than cereals.

HOLL varietiesSpecialty high stability oil varieties, also referred to as HOLL (high-oleic/low-linolenic acid oil) varieties, have found their place in the frying oil market as a healthier and more sustainable alternative to palm oil.

Dual purpose canolaLong season ‘dual purpose’ winter canola for grazing and grain production is gaining popularity in the high rainfall zone. These dual purpose varieties are sown in late spring or early summer and grazed until autumn. Likewise drought tolerant juncea canola varieties have allowed the expansion of canola into the north.

MiceWhile mice were not a significant issue in 2013 good harvests and windy conditions will mean more spilled grain,creating the potential for mouse populations to increase rapidly. Monitoring for the presence of mice is key for canola sown into cereal stubble. Relatively low mice populations can have a significant impact on crop establishment and baiting should be considered if mice are present pre-sowing.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG0750 Growing canola• AG1352 Blackleg of canola• AG1354 Canola diseases• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.australianoilseeds.comThe Australian Oilseeds Federation update blackleg ratings in March.

www.grdc.com.au• BOOK: Canola best practice guide for south-eastern

Australia• FACTSHEET: Blackleg Management Guide

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONSdenotes Plant Breeders Rights apply


Blackleg ratings are for 2013, and the legend for theannotations are VS = Very Susceptible, S = Susceptible, MS = Moderately susceptible, MR = Moderately Resistant, R = Resistant.

CONVENTIONAL VARIETIESConventional – AV-GARNET Mid maturing variety of medium height. Nuseed indicate very high oil content. Blackleg rating MR. Bred by Vic DPI. NVT tested 2006-13. Nuseed.

Conventional – AV-ZIRCON Mid maturity variety of medium height. Good early vigour. Blackleg rating MR. NVT tested 2011-13. Nuseed.

Hybrid Conventional – HYOLA® 50Mid to mid-early maturing hybrid. Suits medium to high rainfall areas, manageable height and good standability. High yield potential and excellent seedling vigour. Blackleg rating R. Bred by Canola Breeders International and Pacific Seeds. NVT tested 2006-13. Marketed by Pacific Seeds.

NEW Hybrid Conventional – NUSEED DIAMOND Early to mid maturing hybrid of medium height suited to medium rainfall zones. Blackleg rating R-MR (P). NVT tested 2012-13 as NHC1203C. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

NEW Conventional – SF BrazzilLate maturing dual purpose variety for the high rainfall zone. Tall height. Blackleg rating MR (P). Limited seed for 2014. Seed Force.

NEW Conventional – SF SensationVery late maturing dual purpose variety for the high rainfall zone. Blackleg rating MR (P). Limited seed for 2014. Seed Force.

CONVENTIONAL HIGH STABILITY VARIETIESHybrid High Stability Oil – VICTORY® V3002Early to mid maturing conventional specialty hybrid, slightly later than V3001. Cargill indicate good yield potential andhigh oil content. Blackleg rating R-MR. Bred by Cargill and DPI Victoria. NVT tested 2011-13. Grown under premium contract production with Cargill/AWB.

CLEARFIELD VARIETIESHybrid Clearfield – ARCHER Mid maturing hybrid, slightly longer than 46Y83, suited to mid to longer growing seasons. Heritage Seeds indicate Archer will have very high yield potential with high to very high oil content. Blackleg rating MR-MS. NVT tested 2011-13 as SMHC105. Released 2012 and marketed by Heritage Seeds.



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-canola

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/pests-diseases-and-weeds/plant-diseases/grains-pulses-and-cereals/blackleg-of-canola

http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/pests-diseases-and-weeds/plant-diseases/grains-pulses-and-cereals/canola-diseases


http://www.australianoilseeds.com


Canola


Hybrid Clearfield – CARBINE Early-mid maturing hybrid similar to 45Y82. Heritage Seeds indicate will have very high yield potential with high to very high oil content. Blackleg rating of MS (P). NVT tested 2011-13 as SMHC111. Released 2012 and marketed by Heritage Seeds.

Hybrid Clearfield – HYOLA® 474CL A mid to early hybrid. Wide adaptation across medium to high rainfall zones, including irrigation. Pacific Seedsindicate medium height and excellent standability, very good vigour and excellent flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating R. NVT tested 2011-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Clearfield – HYOLA® 575CL Mid to mid-early hybrid. Adapted for medium to very high rainfall zones. Medium to tall with good vigour and excellent flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating R. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

NEW Hybrid Clearfield – HYOLA® 577CL Mid maturing hybrid. Adapted for medium to high rainfall zones. Anticipated blackleg rating of R-MR (company rating). Medium-tall height. NVT tested 2013 as K10050.Released 2013. Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Clearfield – HYOLA® 971CL Long season winter dual purpose hybrid. Adapted to high rainfall zones (>550 mm). Pacific Seeds indicate tall with excellent early biomass and excellent flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating of MR (P). Released 2012. Bred by Bayer Germany and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

Clearfield – PIONEER® 43C80(CL)Early maturing variety which Pioneer Hi-Bred indicate has good early vigour, high yield potential and moderate oil content. Suited to low rainfall areas and proven adaption in the Mallee. Blackleg rating MR-MS. NVT tested 2008-12. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

Hybrid Clearfield – PIONEER® 43Y85(CL) Early maturing hybrid. Earliest Clearfield hybrid so far, extending adaptation to low and medium rainfall zones. Excellent early vigour, short plant height and excellent standability. Blackleg rating MR. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

Clearfield – PIONEER® 44C79(CL)Early to early-mid maturing variety. Good early vigour and high oil content. Blackleg rating MS. Proven adaption in the Mallee. NVT tested 2008-11. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

Hybrid Clearfield – PIONEER® 44Y84(CL)Early to early-mid season maturing variety. Pioneer Hi-Bred indicate 44Y84(CL)’s hybrid vigour suits minimum tillage systems. High oil content. Blackleg rating MS. NVT tested 2008-13. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

NEW Hybrid Clearfield – PIONEER® 44Y87(CL) Early to mid maturing hybrid for medium rainfall zones and irrigation. Blackleg rating of MR (P). Excellent early vigour. Short to medium height. NVT tested 2012-13 as 09N121I.Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

Hybrid Clearfield – PIONEER® 45Y86(CL)Mid to mid-early maturing hybrid. Pioneer Hi-Bred indicate excellent early vigour, high yield and very high oil content. Adapted to medium and high rainfall zones. Blackleg rating

of MS (P). NVT tested 2010-13 as 07N4061. Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

NEW Hybrid Clearfield – PIONEER® 45Y88(CL) A mid maturing hybrid for high rainfall zones and irrigation.Blackleg rating of MR (P). Medium height and excellent harvestability. NVT tested 2013-13 as 09N146I. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

CLEARFIELD JUNCEA CANOLA VARIETIESClearfield Juncea Canola – XCEED™ VT OASIS CL Low rainfall juncea canola variety. Early maturing variety with excellent vigour and yield potential. High oil content and good protein. Blackleg rating R. Excellent pod shatter resistance allows for direct heading. NVT tested 2008-13.Bred by Vic DPI/Viterra and marketed by Seednet under production contract. EPR $5.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT VARIETIESNEW Hybrid Triazine Tolerant - ATOMICNext Generation HT variety. Mid maturing TT hybrid suited to medium to high rainfall zones. Excellent early vigour and medium crop height. Moderate oil content. Blackleg rating MS (P). NVT tested 2012-13 as CHYB-1368HT. NPZ Australia Pty Ltd, 2014 marketing to be determined.

NEW Triazine Tolerant – ATR-BONITOEarly to early-mid maturing variety for low to medium rainfall zones. Blackleg rating MR (P). Short to medium height. Alternative to Crusher or Hyola 559TT. NVT tested 2012-13 as NT0183. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Nuseed. EPR $5.

Triazine Tolerant – ATR-GEM Early to mid maturity. Good vigour and short to medium height. Blackleg rating MR. NVT tested 2011-13. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

Triazine Tolerant – ATR-SNAPPER Early to early mid maturing variety targeted at the later end of that window. Nuseed indicate good vigour with even maturity and a medium plant height. Blackleg rating MS-S.NVT tested 2010-12. Bred by Canola Alliance. Marketed by Nuseed.

Triazine Tolerant – ATR-STINGRAYAn early maturing variety. Nuseed indicate good vigour with uniform, short to medium height and a compact pod set. Blackleg rating MR. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred by AgSeed Research and DPI Victoria. Marketed by Nuseed.

NEW Triazine Tolerant – ATR-WAHOOMid maturing variety for medium to high rainfall zones and irrigation. Blackleg rating MR (P). Medium height. Alternative to Crusher or Thumper. NVT tested 2012-13 as NT0184. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.EPR $5

Triazine Tolerant – CRUSHER TT Mid season maturing variety. Suited to medium to high rainfall zones and irrigation. Good seedling vigour, medium to tall height and good flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating MR-MS. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

Canola


NEW Hybrid Triazine Tolerant – HYOLA® 450TT Early to mid maturing hybrid. Suited to low to medium-high rainfall zones. Excellent flowering, medium height andheight uniformity. Blackleg rating of R-MR (P). NVT tested 2013 as T18097. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Triazine Tolerant – HYOLA® 555TT Mid to mid-early maturing hybrid. Suited to low to medium-high rainfall zones including irrigation. Good seedling vigour, medium height and excellent flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating R-MR. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Triazine Tolerant – HYOLA® 559TT Mid maturing hybrid. Suited to low to high rainfall zones including irrigation. Good seedling vigour, medium height and excellent flowering uniformity. High oil content. Blackleg rating of R-MR (P). NVT tested 2011-13 as T98060. Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

NEW Hybrid Triazine Tolerant – HYOLA® 650TT Mid to late hybrid. Suited to low to high rainfall zones including irrigation. Good seedling vigour, medium to tallheight and excellent flowering uniformity. High oil content. Anticipated blackleg rating of R (company rating). NVT tested 2013 as T18098. Released 2013. Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Triazine Tolerant – HYOLA® 656TT Mid to late hybrid. Suited to high rainfall zones and irrigation. Good seedling vigour, medium to tall height andexcellent flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating of R (P). NVT tested 2012-13 as T98022. Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

Triazine Tolerant – PIONEER® STURT TTEarly maturing variety. Suited to low to medium rainfall areas. Good early vigour with short to medium plant height. Suited to direct heading. Moderate oil content. Blackleg resistance rating MS-S. NVT tested 2011-13 as CBWA-106TT. Released 2012. Bred by Canola Breeders and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred. EPR $5.

Triazine Tolerant – THUMPER TT A mid to late season variety. Suited to medium to very high rainfall zones and irrigation. Medium height with excellent flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating R. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

TRIAZINE TOLERANT HIGH STABILITY VARIETIESNEW High Stability Oil - MONOLA® 314TT Early to mid maturity. Medium height. Anticipated blackleg rating MR (company rating). NVT tested 2013 as NL0769.Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

High Stability oil - MONOLA® 413TTEarly-mid maturity. Medium height. Blackleg rating of R-MR (P). NVT tested 2012-13 as NL0606TT. Released 2012. Nuseed.

High Stability oil – MONOLA® 605TT Early to mid maturity. Medium height. Blackleg rating R-MR. NVT tested 2011-13. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

ROUNDUP READY® VARIETIESHybrid Roundup Ready - NUSEED GT-41Early maturing variety. Nuseed indicate high yielding with very good early vigour and very high oil content. Blackleg rating R-MR (P). NVT tested 2012-13 as HC1088.Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

Hybrid Roundup Ready - NUSEED GT-50Mid maturing variety. Nuseed indicate high yielding with very good early vigour and high oil content. Blackleg rating R. NVT tested 2011-13 as HC1050. Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

Roundup Ready – GT COBRAEarly to mid maturity. Medium to tall height. Blackleg rating R-MR. NVT tested 2011-13. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

Roundup Ready – GT VIPEREarly maturity. Short height. Blackleg rating MR. NVT tested 2011-13. Bred and marketed by Nuseed.

NEW Hybrid Roundup Ready - HYOLA® 400RREarly to mid maturing hybrid. Medium height, excellent shatter tolerance and uniformity with high oil content. Blackleg rating of R (P). NVT tested 2013 as M95199. Released 2013. Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Roundup Ready - HYOLA® 404RREarly to early-mid season hybrid. Suited to medium low to high rainfall zones including irrigation. Medium height, excellent early vigour, flowering uniformity and oil content.Blackleg rating R. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

NEW Hybrid Roundup Ready - HYOLA® 500RRMid maturing hybrid. Medium-tall height, high yields, goodstandability and oil content. Blackleg rating R (P). NVT tested 2013 as M95027. Released 2013. Pacific Seeds.

Hybrid Roundup Ready - HYOLA® 505RRMid to mid-early season hybrid. Suited to medium to high rainfall zones including irrigation. Medium to tall height with excellent seedling vigour and flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating R. NVT tested 2010-13. Bred and marketed by Pacific Seeds.

NEW Hybrid Roundup Ready – IH30 RR Early maturity. Suited to low to medium rainfall zones. Blackleg resistance rating MR (P). NVT tested 2012-13 as AN11R5181. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Bayer.

Hybrid Roundup Ready - IH50 RR Mid maturing variety. Suited to medium to high rainfall zones. Excellent early vigour and flowering uniformity. Blackleg rating R-MR. NVT tested 2011-13 as AN10R5001. Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Bayer.

Hybrid Roundup Ready - Pioneer® 43Y23(RR)Early maturing hybrid. Wide adaptation, but best suited toMallee and Wimmera districts. Excellent vigour, high yield potential for maturity and moderate-high oil content. Blackleg rating MR (P). NVT tested 2011-13. Released 2012. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

NEW Hybrid Roundup Ready - PIONEER® 44Y24(RR) Early to mid maturing variety for medium to high rainfall zones. Blackleg rating of MR (P). Medium height and high yield. NVT tested 2011-13 as 10N523R. Released 2013. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred.

Canola


Hybrid Roundup Ready - PIONEER® 45Y22(RR)Mid maturing variety suited to medium to high rainfall areas. Medium to tall height with exceptional standing ability in high yielding environments. Pioneer Hi-Bredindicate excellent early vigour and very high yields.Blackleg rating of MR-MS. NVT tested 2009-13. Bred and marketed by Pioneer Hi-Bred Australia.

ROUNDUP READY® HIGH STABILITY VARIETIESRoundup Ready High Stability Oil - MONOLA® 513GTMid maturing open pollinated monola. Blackleg rating of MR (P). Medium height. NVT tested 2012-13 as NP0549.Released 2012. Nuseed.

Hybrid Roundup Ready High Stability Oil – VICTORY®

V5002RRMid maturing specialty hybrid canola. Good early vigourand yield potential with high oil content. Blackleg rating

MR. NVT tested 2011-13. Bred by Cargill and Vic DPI. Grown under premium contract production with Cargill/AWB.

DUAL-HERBICIDE TOLERANT VARIETIESNEW Hybrid Roundup Triazine tolerant - Fusion HT-RRA mid maturing hybrid. Anticipated blackleg rating of MR-MS (P). Tall & vigorous with excellent options for weed control. NVT tested 2013. NPZ Australia Pty Ltd, 2014 marketing to be determined.

NEW Hybrid Roundup Triazine tolerant - HYOLA®

525RT®

A mid maturing hybrid. Anticipated blackleg rating of R-MR (company rating). Medium height. High oil, excellent shatter tolerance and standability, NVT tested 2013 as M17072.Released 2013. Pacific Seeds.

Table 1: Canola disease guide summary.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum

sourceControl

Blackleg Leptosphaeria maculans

Leaf lesions, which may develop into canker on stem at or near ground level, plant death.

Spores from canola stubble are released in autumn to infect leaves of the new crop.

Canola stubble. Resistant cultivars. Avoid sowing next to last year’s canola stubble. Fungicides can be used.

Sclerotinia stem rot

Sclerotinia spp. White fluffy growth on the stem, causing plant parts above this point to die. Affected area greyish white, sclerotia form on and inside the stems.

Favoured by damp humid spring weather during flowering.

Survives as sclerotia in the soil.

Fungicides

Damping off Rhizoctonia spp., Pythium spp.andFusarium spp.

Pre-emergence rot and seedlings fail to emerge. Post emergent plants collapse at ground level with leaves turning orange/purple.

In soils that have not been cultivated post opening rains. During cold wet periods.

Hyphal growth in the soil.

Seed dressings. Cultivation after the break of the season.

Alternaria leaf spot and black spot

Alternaria brassicae

Dark target like round spots which initially appear on leaves. Can spread to stems and pods and cause pod shattering.

Infection spreads withwet humid weather during spring.

Canola stubble. Use clean seed. Use seed dressings if seed is infected.

Table 2: Canola varieties being marketed in Victoria in 2014. Blackleg ratings from the 2013 GRDC Blackleg Management Guide. The Australian Oilseeds Federation, www.australianoilseeds.com, publish updated ratings in March 2014.P= Provisional blackleg ratings (insufficient data to meet rating protocols)est = estimate by marketing company (yet to be rated by the Australian Oilseeds Federation)Variety Maturity Year of

releaseBlackleg

resistance rating bare

seed

Blackleg resistance

rating + Jockey®

Blackleg resistance

group

Open pollinated or hybrid

Marketer

Conventional varietiesAV-Garnet mid 2007 MR A,B,C,E open NuseedAV-Zircon mid 2011 MR A open NuseedHyola 50 early-mid 2007 R R D hybrid Pacific SeedsNuseed Diamond early-mid 2013 R-MR (P) hybrid NuseedSF Brazzil late 2013 MR (P) open Seed ForceSF Sensation very late 2013 MR (P) open Seed ForceConventional high stabilityVictory V3002 early-mid 2011 R-MR R C, B hybrid Cargill/AWBHerbicide tolerant Clearfield varietiesArcher mid 2012 MR-MS R-MR hybrid Heritage SeedsCarbine early-mid 2012 MS (P) R-MR (P) hybrid Heritage SeedsHyola 474CL mid-early 2011 R R B hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 575CL mid-early 2010 R R B hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 577CL mid 2013 R-MR (est) hybrid Pacific Seeds

http://www.australianoilseeds.com

Canola


Variety Maturity Year of release

Blackleg resistance rating bare

seed

Blackleg resistance

rating + Jockey®

Blackleg resistance

group

Open pollinated or hybrid

Marketer

Hyola 971CL late 2012 MR (P) R-MR (P) C hybrid Pacific SeedsPioneer 43C80(CL)

early 2008 MR-MS MR open Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 43Y85(CL)

early 2011 MR R-MR A, B hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 44C79(CL)

early 2008 MS MR open Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 44Y84(CL)

early-early mid

2010 MS MR hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 44Y87(CL)

early-mid 2013 MR (P) R-MR (est) hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 45Y86(CL)

mid-mid early

2012 MS (P) MR (P) hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 45Y88(CL)

mid 2013 MR (P) R (est) hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Clearfield juncea canola varietiesXCEED VT OASIS CL

early 2008 R R D, G open Seednet

Triazine tolerant varietiesAtomic mid 2012 MS (P) MR (P) hybrid 2014 marketing

to be determinedATR-Bonito early-

early mid2013 MR (P) open Nuseed

ATR-Gem early-mid 2011 MR A, B, D open NuseedATR-Snapper early-early

mid2011 MS-S open Nuseed

ATR-Stingray early 2011 MR C open NuseedATR-Wahoo mid 2013 MR (P) open NuseedCrusher TT mid 2010 MR-MS MR open Pacific SeedsHyola 450TT early-mid 2013 R-MR (P) R (P) D hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 555TT mid-early 2010 R-MR R E hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 559TT mid 2012 R-MR (P) R-MR (P) D hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 650TT mid-late 2013 R (est) hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 656TT mid-late 2012 R (P) R (P) D hybrid Pacific SeedsPioneer Sturt TT early 2012 MS-S MR-MS open Pioneer Hi-BredThumper TT mid-late 2011 R R E open Pacific SeedsTriazine tolerant high stability varietiesMonola 314TT early-mid 2013 MR (est) open NuseedMonola 413TT early-mid 2012 R-MR (P) R (P) D open NuseedMonola 605TT early-mid 2011 R-MR D open NuseedRoundup Ready varietiesGT-41 early 2012 R-MR (P) R-MR (P) B open NuseedGT-50 early-mid 2012 R R B open NuseedGT Cobra early-mid 2011 R-MR A open NuseedGT Viper early 2011 MR B open NuseedIH30 RR early 2013 MR (P) R-MR (P) A, B hybrid BayerIH50 RR mid 2012 R-MR R A, B hybrid BayerHyola 400RR early-mid 2013 R (P) R (P) D, E hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 404RR early-mid 2010 R R D hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 500RR mid 2013 R (P) R (P) D, E hybrid Pacific SeedsHyola 505RR mid-early 2010 R R D hybrid Pacific SeedsPioneer 43Y23 (RR)

early 2012 MR (P) R (P) B hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 44Y24 (RR)

mid-early 2013 MR (P) R (est) hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Pioneer 45Y22 (RR)

mid 2011 MR-MS R-MR hybrid Pioneer Hi-Bred

Roundup Ready high stability varietiesMonola 513GT mid 2012 MR (P) R-MR (P) B, C, D open NuseedVictory V5002RR mid 2011 MR R A, B hybrid Cargill/AWBRoundup Ready and Triazine TolerantCB Fusion HT RR mid 2013 MR-MS (P) MR (P) hybrid 2014 marketing

to be determined Hyola 525RT mid 2013 R-MR (est) hybrid Pacific Seeds

Canola


Table 3: Canola time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists. Note, early season varieties are not recommended to be sown in the Wimmera, North Central and North East but in a late sowing when soils are very wet they may be an option.

MALLEE April May June JulyEarly Season X X X X < < *WIMMERA April May June JulyEarly Season < < < * * * * *Early-Mid Season > > X X X < < < * *Mid Season > X X X < < < <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyEarly Season < < < * * * * *Early-Mid Season > > X X X < < < * *Mid Season > X X X < < < <NORTH EAST April May June JulyEarly Season < < < * * * * *Early-Mid Season > > X X X < < < * *Mid Season > X X X < < < <SOUTH WEST April May June JulyEarly Season > > > X X X X X <Early-Mid Season > > > > X X X <Mid Season > X X X X X X X X < < <Mid-Late Season > X X X X X X X < < < <NORTHERN IRRIGATION April May June JulyEarly Season X X X X < * *Early-Mid Season > X X < < *Mid Season > X X < < *

>earlier than ideal (or a later maturing variety is preferred), X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable, * only an acceptable option if very good subsoil moisture is available at sowing.

Table 4: Mallee canola (early season). Long term predicted yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of the variety listed in the heading. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.N.B. These trials were not structured to allow comparisons between different chemistry types.

Conventional IMI tolerant Triazine tolerant Roundup ReadyHyola 50 (t/ha) 1.01 Hyola 474CL (t/ha) 1.04 Hyola 444TT (t/ha) 0.91 GT Cobra (t/ha) 1.17AV Garnet 104 (3) Archer 98 (6) ATR Bonito 113 (6) CB Eclipse RR 95 (6)CB Agamax 101 (2) Carbine 102 (9) ATR Cobbler 100 (10) CB Status RR 98 (6)Hyola 433 102 (3) Hyola 474CL 100 (9) ATR Gem 108 (6) GT Cobra 100 (9)Hyola 50 100 (3) Hyola 575CL 104 (7) ATR Snapper 108 (9) GT Scorpion 80 (3)SARDI515M 79 (2) Pioneer 43C80 (CL) 88 (7) ATR Stingray 107 (12) GT Taipan 84 (3)Tarcoola 79 (3) Pioneer 43Y85 (CL) 96 (9) Bonanza TT 87 (6) GT Viper 87 (9)

Pioneer 44C79 (CL) 81 (4) CB Junee HT 115 (7) Hyola 400RR 107 (3)Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 103 (10) CB Mallee HT 93 (6) Hyola 404RR 117 (9)Pioneer 44Y87 (CL) 101 (6) CB Nitro HT 115 (3) Hyola 505RR 103 (3)Pioneer 45Y82 (CL) 103 (3) CB Tanami 93 (4) IH30 RR 108 (6)Pioneer 45Y88 (CL) 90 (3) CB Telfer 95 (13) IH50 RR 102 (3)SaharaCL 70 (2) Crusher TT 111 (3) Monola 513GT 96 (6)Xceed VT Oasis CL 81 (11) Fighter TT 105 (3) Nuseed GT-41 111 (5)

Hyola 444TT 100 (3) Pioneer 43Y23 (RR) 116 (9)Hyola 450TT 121 (3) Pioneer 44Y24 (RR) 111 (6)Hyola 555TT 118 (6) Pioneer 45Y21 (RR) 100 (3)Hyola 559TT 120 (6) Victory V5001RR 99 (3)Jackpot TT 101 (3) Victory V5002RR 98 (6)Monola 314TT 101 (2) VT 525 G 78 (6)Monola 413TT 102 (6)Pioneer Sturt TT 112 (9)Tawriffic TT 97 (7)

Canola


Table 5: Conventional canola (mid season). Long term predicted yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of Hyola 50. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.N.B. These trials were not structured to allow comparisons between different chemistry types.

North Central North East South West WimmeraHyola 50 (t/ha) 2.91 2.12 2.99 2.28AV Garnet 98 (5) 98 (5) 98 (6) 96 (3)AV Zircon 94 (3) 94 (3) 94 (3) 93 (2)CB Agamax 96 (4) 96 (4) 90 (2) 93 (3)CB Tango C 92 (3) 92 (3) - 89 (2)Hyola 433 98 (3) 98 (3) 99 (4) 97 (2)Hyola 50 100 (5) 100 (5) 100 (6) 100 (3)Hyola 76 - - 93 (2) -Monola 130CC - - 77 (2) -Nuseed Diamond 103 (2) 103 (2) - -Victory V3001 93 (4) 93 (4) 88 (3) 90 (3)Victory V3002 100 (3) 100 (3) - 98 (2)Victory V3003 90 (2) 90 (2) 93 (2) 90 (2)

Table 6: IMI Tolerant canola (mid season). Long term predicted yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of Hyola 474CL. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.N.B. These trials were not structured to allow comparisons between different chemistry types.

North Central North East South West WimmeraHyola 474CL (t/ha) 1.94 2.04 2.49 2.24Archer 104 (4) 105 (4) 101 (6) 103 (2)Carbine 106 (6) 106 (6) 96 (6) 101 (4)Hyola 474CL 100 (6) 100 (6) 100 (6) 100 (5)Hyola 571CL 99 (4) 97 (5) 101 (5) 98 (4)Hyola 575CL 101 (8) 100 (8) 103 (7) 101 (7)Hyola 577CL 101 (2) 99 (2) 103 (3) -Hyola 676CL 101 (2) 99 (2) - 101 (2)Pioneer 43Y85 (CL) 98 (2) 96 (2) - 94 (2)Pioneer 44C79 (CL) 81 (2) 80 (3) 69 (4) 76 (2)Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 106 (10) 107 (11) 95 (11) 101 (9)Pioneer 44Y87 (CL) 107 (2) 107 (2) - 103 (2)Pioneer 45Y77 93 (2) 94 (3) 86 (4) 91 (2)Pioneer 45Y82 (CL) 105 (8) 105 (9) 96 (8) 100 (8)Pioneer 45Y86 (CL) 108 (7) 109 (8) 102 (7) 105 (6)Pioneer 45Y88 (CL) 108 (4) 107 (4) 106 (4) 106 (3)Pioneer 46Y78 97 (2) 98 (5) 94 (5) 96 (3)Pioneer 46Y83 (CL) 104 (4) 106 (7) 98 (7) 102 (5)

Canola


Table 7: Triazine Tolerant canola (mid season). Long term predicted yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of Hyola 444TT. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.N.B. These trials were not structured to allow comparisons between different chemistry types.

North Central North East South West WimmeraHyola 444TT (t/ha) 1.72 1.71 1.92 1.72ATR Bonito 114 (4) 112 (4) 115 (5) 113 (2)ATR Cobbler 97 (7) 99 (9) 86 (10) 93 (8)ATR Gem 109 (6) 107 (5) 113 (7) 109 (4)ATR Marlin 92 (2) 94 (3) 87 (5) 91 (2)ATR Snapper 105 (6) 107 (6) 95 (5) 102 (6)ATR Stingray 108 (8) 107 (8) 107 (8) 106 (6)ATR Wahoo 109 (4) 106 (4) 113 (5) 108 (2)ATR409 99 (2) 101 (3) 95 (5) 98 (2)Bonanza TT 92 (4) 90 (4) - 90 (4)BravoTT 92 (2) 95 (3) 85 (6) 91 (2)CB Argyle 86 (3) 85 (5) 80 (6) 83 (4)CB Atomic HT 114 (4) 116 (4) 110 (3) 113 (2)CB Henty HT - 112 (6) 107 (5) -CB Jardee HT 103 (9) 107 (11) 98 (13) 103 (8)CB Junee HT 104 (4) 107 (5) 94 (4) 101 (6)CB Mallee HT 98 (4) 98 (4) 93 (2) 96 (5)CB Nitro HT 110 (3) 115 (4) - -CB Scaddan 93 (6) 96 (7) 87 (8) 93 (6)CB Tanami 86 (4) 88 (5) 74 (5) 82 (4)CB Telfer 92 (10) 97 (5) 74 (5) 87 (8)CB Tumby HT 99 (3) 102 (5) 94 (6) 98 (4)Crusher TT 113 (7) 112 (8) 115 (8) 113 (6)Fighter TT 93 (2) 93 (2) - 95 (2)Hurricane TT 94 (2) 95 (3) 86 (5) 92 (2)Hyola 444TT 100 (3) 100 (4) 100 (3) 100 (4)Hyola 450TT 109 (2) 111 (2) 113 (3) -Hyola 525RT 107 (2) 106 (2) 109 (3) -Hyola 555TT 112 (8) 113 (8) 116 (8) 114 (6)Hyola 559TT 114 (5) 116 (4) 116 (6) 116 (2)Hyola 650TT - - 118 (2) -Hyola 656TT 112 (4) 112 (4) 117 (5) 114 (2)Hyola 751TT 104 (4) 106 (4) 115 (5) 110 (5)Jackpot TT 106 (2) 105 (2) 112 (2) 108 (2)Lightning TT 86 (2) 86 (3) 85 (5) 86 (2)Monola 314TT 99 (2) 101 (2) 91 (2) -Monola 413TT 100 (4) 100 (4) 93 (5) 97 (2)Monola 506TT 93 (3) 94 (3) 89 (4) 92 (4)Monola 603TT 92 (2) 94 (2) - 92 (2)Monola 605TT 95 (5) 95 (5) 93 (6) 94 (4)Monola 704TT 94 (2) 98 (2) - 93 (2)Monola 707TT 88 (2) 86 (2) 84 (2) -Monola 76TT 96 (6) 98 (7) 90 (8) 95 (6)Monola 77TT 96 (6) 99 (7) 90 (8) 95 (6)Pioneer Sturt TT 106 (6) 106 (4) - 103 (4)Rottnest TTC 96 (2) 97 (3) 89 (5) 94 (2)Tawriffic TT 97 (6) 99 (7) 93 (8) 96 (6)Thumper TT 101 (6) 97 (8) 111 (8) 103 (6)

Canola


Table 8: Roundup Ready canola (mid season). Long term predicted yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of GT Cobra. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.N.B. These trials were not structured to allow comparisons between different chemistry types.

North Central North East South West WimmeraGT Cobra (t/ha) 2.29 2.27 2.79 2.24CB Eclipse RR 96 (4) 99 (5) - 95 (4)CB Frontier RR 99 (6) 100 (6) 105 (5) 103 (5)CB Status RR 89 (4) 95 (2) - 86 (3)GT Cobra 100 (6) 100 (6) 100 (5) 100 (5)GT Cougar 95 (2) 92 (3) 102 (4) 97 (3)GT Mustang 94 (2) 91 (3) 103 (4) 96 (3)GT Scorpion 90 (2) 88 (2) 88 (4) 88 (3)GT Taipan 91 (2) 88 (2) 91 (2) 89 (2)GT Viper 93 (6) 94 (6) 87 (5) 91 (5)GT61 - - 80 (2) -Hyola 400RR 107 (2) 108 (2) - -Hyola 404RR 108 (6) 110 (6) 108 (5) 109 (5)Hyola 500RR 110 (2) 112 (2) 114 (2) -Hyola 502RR - - 103 (2) -Hyola 505RR 101 (5) 103 (5) 106 (5) 105 (5)Hyola 601RR - - 107 (2) -IH30 RR 105 (4) - - 104 (3)IH50 RR 100 (6) 102 (6) 102 (3) 103 (5)Monola 513GT 99 (4) 99 (4) 98 (3) 99 (3)Nuseed GT-41 107 (4) 106 (4) - 106 (3)Nuseed GT-50 110 (5) 110 (6) 114 (4) 112 (4)Pioneer 43Y23 (RR) 111 (4) 115 (4) 112 (3) 114 (3)Pioneer 44Y24 (RR) 109 (6) 109 (6) 112 (5) 110 (5)Pioneer 45Y22 (RR) 103 (6) 103 (7) 112 (7) 107 (6)Pioneer 46Y20 (RR) 95 (2) 99 (3) 97 (4) 99 (3)Victory V5001RR 98 (2) 98 (3) 99 (2) 98 (3)Victory V5002RR 103 (6) 105 (5) 106 (2) 106 (5)VT 525 G 85 (2) - - 89 (2)

Table 9: Early season canola at Ultima, Mallee, 2013. Yield expressed as a percentage of the site mean yield. Sowing date 4/6/2013.

IMI tolerant Triazine tolerant (C) Roundup ReadyYield (%)

Yield (%)

Yield (%)

Archer 111 ATR Bonito 96 CB Status RR 88Carbine 118 ATR Gem 122 GT Cobra 92Hyola 474CL 129 ATR Stingray 112 GT Viper 45Pioneer 43Y85 (CL) 97 CB Nitro HT 157 Hyola 400RR 115Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 124 CB Telfer 48 Hyola 404RR 138Pioneer 44Y87 (CL) 118 Crusher TT 131 IH30 RR 109Xceed VT Oasis CL - Hyola 450TT 155 Monola 513GT 78

Hyola 559TT 154 Pioneer 43Y23 (RR) 133Monola 413TT 77 Pioneer 44Y24 (RR) 117Pioneer Sturt TT 120 VT 525 G 70

Site Mean (t/ha) 0.57 Site Mean (t/ha) 0.46 Site Mean (t/ha) 0.64CV (%) 8 CV (%) 10 CV (%) 7LSD (%) 14 LSD (%) 18 LSD (%) 13C = Caution interpreting data, the triazine tolerant trial had poor establishment and high variability

Canola


Table 10: Conventional canola (mid season) 2013. Yield expressed as a percentage of the site mean yield and oil content (%).

Yield (%) Oil content (%)North Central North East South West North Central North East South West

Diggora Wunghnu Streatham Diggora Wunghnu StreathamSowing Date 23/5/13 3/5/13 19/5/13AV Garnet 95 96 94 43.0 45.8 46.5AV Zircon 100 99 91 43.6 46.2 47.6CB Agamax 96 99 - - 42.9 -CB Tango C 95 107 - 42.9 43.9 -Hyola 50 114 98 105 42.6 44.1 45.6Nuseed Diamond 101 104 116 42.4 44.7 46.0Victory V3002 98 103 105 43.5 43.5 44.7

Site Mean (t/ha) 2.76 1.55 2.27CV (%) 5.49 6.04 7.08LSD (%) 9 10 11

Table 11: IMI tolerant canola (mid season) 2013. Yield expressed as a percentage of the site mean yield.North Central North East South West Wimmera

Charlton Diggora Wunghnu Yarrawonga Streatham Teesdale KanivaSowing Date 27/5/13 23/5/13 3/5/13 6/5/13 19/5/13 9/5/13 6/5/13Archer 87 102 101 114 97 102 96Carbine 104 100 102 85 89 86 95Hyola 474CL 89 106 103 101 102 97 99Hyola 575CL 90 113 104 99 101 93 100Hyola 577CL 94 96 97 100 104 99 104Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 114 102 104 102 88 92 104Pioneer 45Y86 (CL) 103 109 103 108 101 119 102Pioneer 45Y88 (CL) 130 105 107 106 107 107 101

Site Mean (t/ha) 1.66 2.48 1.67 2.84 2.67 2.09 2.95CV (%) 9 6 6 5 6 7 5LSD (%) 16 10 9 8 10 12 8

Table 12: IMI tolerant canola (mid season) 2013. Oil content (%). North Central North East South West Wimmera

Charlton Diggora Wunghnu Yarrawonga Streatham Teesdale KanivaArcher 37.9 41.8 44.1 41.3 44.7 43.5 40.0Carbine 36.3 42.1 43.6 40.2 44.7 40.5 40.6Hyola 474CL 37.0 42.2 43.5 41.6 45.1 42.5 41.1Hyola 575CL 38.3 42.2 43.7 41.2 43.9 42.1 40.4Hyola 577CL 38.8 44.1 44.8 41.4 45.9 44.7 42.5Pioneer 44Y84 (CL) 36.7 42.4 44.0 40.8 43.1 41.6 41.1Pioneer 45Y86 (CL) 38.8 42.7 44.9 41.3 45.8 42.5 40.9Pioneer 45Y88 (CL) 36.7 41.1 42.5 40.5 42.1 42.5 39.9

Canola


Table 13: Triazine tolerant canola (mid season) 2013. Yield expressed as a percentage of the site mean yield.

North Central North East South WestCharlton Diggora Wunghnu Yarrawonga Streatham Teesdale

Sowing Date 27/5/13 23/5/13 3/5/13 6/5/13 19/5/13 9/5/13ATR Bonito 106 106 104 106 99 108ATR Gem 103 98 96 107 104 101ATR Stingray 112 103 110 97 97 95ATR Wahoo 88 99 91 106 104 96CB Atomic HT 113 101 107 105 - 110CB Henty HT - - 105 107 - 94CB Jardee HT 94 101 100 103 79 87CB Nitro HT 105 107 108 103 - -CB Telfer 116 94 - - - -Crusher TT 91 101 106 98 106 111Hyola 450TT 98 104 101 101 105 99Hyola 525RT 99 90 93 92 99 93Hyola 555TT 111 100 106 102 107 107Hyola 559TT 94 92 100 97 103 115Hyola 650TT - 99 - 106 118 118Hyola 656TT 97 101 101 104 107 112Monola 314TT 99 97 96 97 83 76Monola 413TT 77 89 88 85 81 80Monola 605TT - 90 - 79 92 -Pioneer Sturt TT 89 100 93 88 - -Thumper TT 86 78 85 95 107 99


Table 14: Triazine tolerant canola (mid season) 2013. Oil content (%). North Central North East South West

Charlton Diggora Wunghnu Yarrawonga Streatham TeesdaleATR Bonito 35.4 42.6 45.2 43.1 47.9 43.5ATR Gem 36.5 42.4 44.6 42.4 47.2 43.7ATR Stingray 34.5 42.3 44.7 41.6 45.8 43.4ATR Wahoo 33.2 43.3 45.8 43.8 46.7 45.3CB Atomic HT 33.7 40.4 42.6 42.0 - 39.9CB Henty HT - - 42.5 41.4 - 42.5CB Jardee HT 32.8 40.8 41.4 39.5 43.0 40.6CB Nitro HT 34.0 41.0 43.3 41.5 - -CB Telfer 34.2 40.4 - - - -Crusher TT 33.1 40.2 42.4 39.8 44.2 41.1Hyola 450TT 35.0 42.8 44.7 42.7 46.8 44.0Hyola 525RT 35.8 43.2 43.6 42.3 46.4 43.9Hyola 555TT 33.7 41.1 42.2 41.0 44.9 42.5Hyola 559TT 35.4 41.8 44.0 42.5 45.7 44.6Hyola 650TT - 42.2 - 39.7 44.9 42.5Hyola 656TT 34.2 41.3 43.6 42.3 44.3 43.2Monola 314TT 33.2 40.4 41.6 38.8 43.0 40.7Monola 413TT 33.1 39.6 41.6 40.7 40.8 40.4Monola 605TT - 39.3 - 37.3 43.7 -Pioneer Sturt TT 32.4 40.2 41.8 39.0 - -Thumper TT 35.0 42.1 44.6 41.1 46.0 44.7

Canola


Table 15: Roundup Ready canola (mid season) 2013. Yield expressed as a percentage of the site mean yield.

North Central North East South West WimmeraCharlton Diggora Wunghnu Yarrawonga Streatham Kaniva

Sowing Date 27/5/13 23/5/13 3/5/13 6/5/13 19/5/13 6/5/13CB Frontier RR 100 96 98 102 103 108CB Status RR 77 84 - - - 74GT-41 111 100 103 86 - 91GT-50 103 107 97 96 108 116GT Cobra 81 93 94 91 93 97GT Viper 100 90 79 74 86 82Hyola 400RR 117 106 109 102 99 116Hyola 404RR 109 105 104 100 102 101Hyola 500RR 121 108 109 102 103 108Hyola 505RR 96 - - 102 102 99IH30 RR 105 101 - - - 94IH50 RR 106 106 105 98 94 109Monola 513GT 92 95 94 93 91 90Pioneer 43Y23 (RR) 106 111 117 116 118 116Pioneer 44Y24 (RR) 118 98 101 111 110 101Pioneer 45Y22 (RR) 86 104 104 109 117 115Victory V5002RR 112 96 101 109 96 120VT 525 G 81 - - - - 100


Table 16: Roundup Ready canola (mid season) 2013. Oil content (%). North Central North East South West Wimmera

Charlton Diggora Wunghnu Yarrawonga Streatham KanivaCB Frontier RR 34.4 41.2 41.8 40.3 42.9 37.0CB Status RR 31.8 41.3 - - - 37.0GT Cobra 35.2 42.4 43.6 40.3 45.4 41.2GT Viper 35.5 42.7 42.1 40.2 44.1 40.3Hyola 400RR 36.3 44.9 45.7 44.6 47.9 43.4Hyola 404RR 38.5 45.4 44.9 42.2 48.3 42.9Hyola 500RR 39.5 45.6 46.1 42.8 46.8 41.2Hyola 505RR 39.3 - - 43.6 45.6 42.9IH30 RR 34.7 42.6 - - - 40.7IH50 RR 35.9 41.0 42.3 40.4 43.2 39.4Monola 513GT 37.0 45.1 46.6 43.5 49.5 40.8Nuseed GT-41 35.0 40.7 43.7 41.5 - 39.6Nuseed GT-50 33.9 43.2 43.6 41.4 45.8 39.7Pioneer 43Y23 (RR) 34.4 42.3 42.5 40.8 44.7 39.1Pioneer 44Y24 (RR) 36.6 43.0 42.2 41.5 45.3 39.3Pioneer 45Y22 (RR) 35.8 42.1 42.7 41.8 43.8 40.1Victory V5002RR 37.1 43.6 44.5 42.4 46.8 42.2VT 525 G 36.6 - - - - 43.5

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSSteve Marcroft Marcroft Grains Pathology

FIELD PEA

Field Pea


FIELD PEAREVIEW OF 2013

Season Field peas responded well to the generally mild season. Yields approached average, which was excellent considering the lack of subsoil moisture leading into the season.

Peas are well suited to a later sowing date and 2013 was a late start to the season for many due to the dry summer and autumn. This dry late start meant that opportunities for weed control prior to sowing were limited. Weeds remained a challenge throughout the season with regular winter rainfall delaying post-emergent weed control in many areas. These conditions allowed PBA Hayman to demonstrate itself as a valuable forage or hay crop for integrated weed management.

There was severe frost damage across the northern parts of the state, particularly in the North East and North Central.

Yields were reasonable except for those affected by frost, which were either cut for hay or green manured. However, the earlier finish in the Mallee limited the potential of any crops not affected by frost.

Disease and insectsAscochyta (black spot) was noted earlier than usual in the growing season throughout many cropping regions, but generally did not progress to become a yield limiting factor. It was most severe where short term waterlogging occurredin the south west regions. Similarly there were isolated cases of bacterial blight and powdery mildew, primarily in southern regions, which may have caused some yield loss.

Insect damage was reported across the state resulting in some damage from pea weevil, heliothis and/or etiella.


New varietiesPBA Wharton (OZP0805) is a high yielding semi-dwarf with good disease resistance. PBA Coogee (OZP1103) is a new dual purpose grain and forage pea suited to longer growing seasons.

Over the next 4-5 years a series of new pea lines with higher resistance to virus and powdery mildew and with improved tolerance to soil boron toxicity and salinity are planned for release.

Field pea grain prices are currently providing good value.This has led to a resurgence of interest in field pea as auseful rotational crop to assist with weed and disease management and to improve soil fertility.

DiseaseGrowers should consider the use of fungicides to control powdery mildew when applying insecticides at early pod stage, particularly if mildew is present.

Growers in bacterial blight prone regions should update to the more resistant varieties PBA Oura and PBA Percy. PBA Percy has higher tolerance to this disease than PBA Oura, but both are significantly lower risk than other varieties. In addition, growers should try to avoid sowing

infected seed and extend crop rotations from infected paddocks. When the disease occurs growers should minimise in crop traffic. Sowing into heavy cereal stubble appears to increase the disease severity and should be avoided in frost prone regions.

Quality The majority of field pea grain is exported for human consumption (i.e. between 70-90%) and the rest is sold for stockfeed. All pea varieties produce grain suitable for stockfeed purposes, but segregation is needed for selling to specific human consumption markets.

Over 95 per cent of Australian production is from dun types (i.e. grain has a coloured seed coat) of which more than 90 per cent is now “Kaspa type” (e.g. Kaspa, PBA Gunyah, PBA Twilight). Kaspa type grain is preferred for snack food in southern India over other pea grain types and attracts a price premium. To avoid limiting the marketing of Kaspa type grain for export, growers should avoid sowing seed contaminated with Parafield or other dun types.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG1347 Pulse disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.pulseaus.com.auPulse Australia information on growing pulses including:• Field pea disease management strategy

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONSdenotes Plant Breeders Rights apply.


Semi-dwarf dun seeded – KASPA A late flowering, semi-dwarf field pea which produces spherical dun type grain. Kaspa is the bench mark for field peas with its broad adaption and high yield potential. Kaspa is better suited to longer growing season environments. Kaspa is moderately resistant to downy mildew (Parafield strain). Kaspa will need to be managed for blackspot, bacterial blight, PSbMV and powdery mildew in disease prone areas. Kaspa has fair lodging resistance at maturity and pods are resistant to shattering. Released 2002. Seednet. EPR $2.

Semi-dwarf dun seeded – PBA COOGEEA new dual purpose pea that can be left for grain production or cut early for forage in case of drought or frost.A mid-late flowering and late maturing conventional trailing dun pea similar to Parafield, but with increased early growth, more branching and longer vines. A long season variety with high plant biomass by early to mid spring. It is resistant to powdery mildew and PSbMV, but will need to be managed for blackspot, bacterial blight and downy mildew. It has high tolerance to soil boron and salinity.Released 2013 (OZP1103). Good availability for 2014. Seednet. EPR $2.60.





http://www.pulseaus.com.au

Field Pea


Semi-dwarf dun seeded – PBA GUNYAH An early flowering, semi-dwarf field pea which produces Kaspa type grain. PBA Gunyah is broadly adapted and has high yield potential. PBA Gunyah is better suited to shorter growing season environments. Resistant to downy mildew (Parafield strain). PBA Gunyah will need to be managed for blackspot, bacterial blight, PSbMV and powdery mildew in disease prone areas. PBA Gunyah has fair lodging resistance at maturity and pods are resistant to shattering. Released 2010. Seednet. EPR $2.50.

Semi-dwarf dun seeded – PBA OURA An early to mid flowering, semi-dwarf, erect growing field pea which produces Australian dun type grain. PBA Oura has high yield potential and is broadly adapted. PBA Oura is MRMS to bacterial blight and is being released for regions prone to this disease. PBA Oura has good resistance to downy mildew. PBA Oura will need to be managed for blackspot, PSbMV and powdery mildew. PBA Oura has fair lodging resistance at maturity and has moderate non-sugar-pod resistance to shattering.Released 2011 (OZP0703). Seednet. EPR $2.60.

Semi-dwarf white seeded - PBA PEARLAn early to mid flowering, semi-dwarf field pea. PBA Pearl has high yield potential and is broadly adapted. It produces small white grain that can be marketed for human consumption or for stockfeed. PBA Pearl has good resistance to bean leaf roll virus and downy mildew. PBA Pearl is MS to bacterial blight. It will need to be managed for blackspot, PSbMV and powdery mildew in disease prone areas. PBA Pearl has good lodging resistance at maturity and has moderate non-sugar-pod resistance to shattering. Developed by PBA (OZP0819). Released 2012, limited quantities in 2013. Seednet. EPR $2.70.

Semi-dwarf dun seeded – PBA TWILIGHT An early flowering, semi-dwarf field pea which produces Kaspa type grain. PBA Twilight is broadly adapted and has high yield potential. Better suited to short growing season environments. PBA Twilight is resistant to downy mildew (Parafield strain). It will need to be managed for blackspot, PSbMV and powdery mildew in disease prone areas. Avoid renowned bacterial blight areas. PBA Twilight has fair lodging resistance at maturity and pods are resistant to shattering. Released 2010. Seednet. EPR $2.50.

Semi-dwarf dun seeded – PBA WHARTON An early-mid flowering, semi-dwarf field pea which produces Kaspa type grain. PBA Wharton is widely adapted across short to medium growing season environments and is a suitable variety for crop topping when sowing is delayed. PBA Wharton is resistant to powdery mildew and PSbMV. It will need to be managed for downy mildew (Parafield strain), blackspot and bacterial blight. PBA Wharton has improved tolerance to boron and sugar-pod resistance to shattering. Released 2013(OZP0805). Limited availability for 2014. Seednet. EPR $2.60.

Semi-dwarf blue seeded – EXCELL An early to mid season flowering, semi-dwarf pea which produces medium sized, spherical, smooth blue seed suitable for premium human consumption markets. Excell has lower grain yield potential compared to new variety releases and is best suited to medium rainfall environments of Victoria and southern NSW. Excell is moderately resistant to downy mildew (Parafield strain). Excell will need to be managed for blackspot, bacterial blight, PSbMV and powdery mildew in disease prone areas. Excell has

good lodging resistance. Pods are susceptible to shattering. Released 1998. Can be freely marketed. No longer protected by PBR.

Tall field pea – MORGAN A tall, late flowering, semi-leafless pea, which produces small Australian dun type grain. Morgan has lower grain yield potential than other varieties, but was released for the lower rainfall regions of Central and Western NSW as a dual purpose pea that could be used for forage in drought years. Morgan is moderately resistant to downy mildew(Parafield strain). Morgan will need to be managed for blackspot, bacterial blight, PSbMV, powdery mildew and downy mildew (Kaspa strain) in disease prone areas. Pods are susceptible to pod shattering. Grain size is small and less suitable for human consumption markets. Released 1998. Hart Bros Seeds.

Tall field pea – PARAFIELDA tall, mid to late season flowering pea, which produces large Australian dun type grain. Parafield has lower yield potential compared to recent variety releases. PBA Percy is now a superior option for growers wanting to grow a conventional dun field pea. Parafield will need to be managed for all diseases in disease prone areas. Parafield has poor lodging resistance and will require specialised pea pickup fronts for harvesting. Has moderate non-sugar-pod resistance to shattering. Released 1998. Can be freely marketed. No longer protected by PBR.

Tall field pea - PBA HAYMAN A new type of field pea bred for forage use such as hay or silage production or for manuring. This variety grows vigorously and produces large quantities of dry matter over spring. Total dry matter produced is significantly greater than regular field pea varieties (20% more than Morgan) and comparable to vetch. PBA Hayman produces leafy plants with a high number of basal branches that grow vigorously. Plants have very long vines (can be over 3m) that remain semi-erect to maturity. PBA Hayman flowers very late in the growing season and is resistant to powdery mildew. It produces small pods and very small seed that will reduce the cost of sowing. The grain is soft seeded and therefore suitable for cropping rotations with other broad leaf crops. Grain yield potential can vary but is generally between 30 to 80% of a normal field pea crop and is suitable for stockfeed. Developed by PBA (OZP0902). Released 2013. Seednet. Seed Royalty.

Tall field pea– PBA PERCY A very early flowering and maturing conventional pea (similar to Parafield) which produces Australian dun type grain. PBA Percy has high yield potential and is broadly adapted. PBA Percy is moderately resistant to bacterial blight and is being released for regions prone to this disease. PBA Percy will need to be managed for blackspot, PSbMV, downy mildew and powdery mildew. Percy is susceptible to lodging at maturity. Released 2011. Seednet. EPR $2.60.

Field Pea


Tall field pea – STURT A tall, early to mid season flowering pea, which produces medium to small, spherical, smooth white seed. Sturt is broadly adapted, but is best suited to low rainfall environments and has higher tolerance to frost at podding. Sturt is less susceptible to bacterial blight, but this disease will still need to be managed to avoid serious losses. Sturt will need to be managed for blackspot, PSbMV, BLRV, powdery mildew and downy mildew in disease prone areas. Sturt has poor lodging resistance and will require specialised pea pickup fronts for harvesting. Pods are susceptible to shattering. Released 2004. Premier Seeds.

POTENTIAL NEW VARIETIES from Pulse Breeding Australia.

OZP1101A late flowering (comparable to Kaspa) semi-dwarf field pea. OZP1101 has high yield potential and produces ‘Kaspa type’ grain. This variety possesses superior bacterial blight resistance to other Kaspa type releases and will be marketed toward areas that are particularly prone to this disease.

OZP0903A semi leafless, early flowering, Australian dun type pea intended as a potential replacement for PBA Oura. OZP0903 has similar yield to PBA Oura, but with superior grain quality and sugar pod shattering resistance.

Table 1: Field pea time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.MALLEE May June July AugustPBA Coogee, PBA Hayman > X X X X < < <Kaspa, Parafield, PBA Gunyah, PBA Oura, PBA Percy, PBA Twilight, PBA Wharton, Sturt, Excell > X X X X < <

WIMMERAPBA Hayman > X X X X < < <Kaspa, Parafield, PBA Coogee, PBA Gunyah, PBA Oura, PBA Percy, PBA Twilight, PBA Wharton Sturt. > X X X X < < <

NORTH CENTRALPBA Coogee, PBA Hayman > X X X X < <Kaspa, Parafield, PBA Gunyah, PBA Oura, PBA Percy, PBA Twilight, PBA Wharton, Sturt. > X X X X < <

NORTH EASTPBA Hayman > X X X X < <Kaspa, Parafield, PBA Coogee PBA Gunyah, PBA Oura, PBA Percy, PBA Twilight, PBA Wharton, Sturt. > X X X X < <

SOUTH WEST May June July August SeptemberKaspa, Excell, PBA Coogee PBA Gunyah, PBA Hayman,PBA Oura, PBA Percy, PBA Twilight, PBA Wharton

> > * * * * * * X X X X X < <

>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable, * if conditions allow (e.g. raised beds, dry season, non-waterlogging paddocks).

Table 2: The most suitable field pea varieties for Victorian cropping regions for 2013 for grain production(Ticked).

Southern Wimmera Northern Wimmera Southern Mallee Northern Mallee South WestYellow/White or Blue pea grain typeExcell PBA Hayman PBA Pearl Sturt Kaspa grain typeKaspa PBA Gunyah PBA Twilight PBA Wharton Australian Dun grain typeMorgan Parafield PBA Coogee PBA Oura PBA Percy

Field Pea


Table 3: Agronomic characteristics of field pea varieties.Variety Plant habit Plant

vigour,Early

season

Flowering time

Maturity time

Plant lodging resistan

ce at maturity

Pod shatteri

ng at maturity

Boron toleran

ce

Salinity tolerance

Yellow or Blue pea grain typeExcell SD-SL high Early-mid late good S: NSP S SPBAHayman

Multi-branched

moderate very late very late poor MR: NSP

MS MS

PBA Pearl SD-SL moderate early-mid early good MR: NSP

MS MS

Sturt C high early-mid mid poor MR: NSP

S MS

Kaspa grain typeKaspa SD-SL high late mid fair-good R: SP S SOZP1101 SD-SL high late early-mid good R; SP S SPBAGunyah

SD-SL high early-mid early fair-good R: SP S S-MS

PBATwilight

SD-SL high early early fair-good R: SP S S

PBAWharton

SD-SL high early-mid early fair-good R: SP MT MS

Australian dun grain typeMorgan Tall-SL high late late poor-fair MR:

NSPS S

Parafield C high mid mid poor MR: NSP

S MS

OZP0903 SD-SL high early early mid fair-good R:SP S SPBACoogee

C very high mid-late mid poor MR: NSP

T MT

PBA Oura SD-SL moderate early-mid early fair-good MR: NSP

MS S

PBA Percy C high early early poor MR: NSP

S MR

SD=Semi-dwarf, C=Conventional, SL= Semi-leafless, S=susceptible, MS=moderately susceptible, MR=moderately resistant, R=resistant, SP=Sugar pod type pod, NSP=Non sugar pod type, I=Intolerant, MI=moderately intolerant

Table 4: Disease resistance characteristics of field pea varieties.Variety Blackspot

(Ascochyta )Bacterial

blight(Field rating)

Downy mildew(Kaspa strain)

Downy mildew

(Parafield strain)

Powdery mildew

PSbMV virus

BLRV virus(Field rating)

Yellow pea grain typePBA Hayman MS MRp Sp MSp RPBA Pearl MS MS MRMS R S S RSturt MS MS S MS S S MSKaspa grain typeKaspa MS S S MR S S SOZP1101 MS MR MS MR S S SPBA Gunyah MS S S R S S SPBA Twilight MS S S R S S SPBA Wharton MS S S S R R RAustralian Dun grain typeMorgan MS MS S MR S S SpOZP0903 MS MSp MR * S S SParafield MS MS S S S S SPBA Coogee MS MSp Sp Sp R RPBA Oura MS MRMS MRMS RMR S S MRMSpPBA Percy MS MR S S S S SPSbMV = Pea seed borne mosaic virus, BLRV = Bean leaf roll virus p = These ratings are provisional - treat with caution. R = resistant RMR = resistant to moderately resistant MR = moderately resistant MRMS = moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = moderately susceptible MSS = moderately susceptible to susceptible S = susceptible SVS = susceptible to very susceptible VS = very susceptible

Field Pea


Table 5: Field pea disease guide.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Hosts ControlAscochyta blight (Blackspot)

Mycosphaerella pinodes.Phoma pinodella, Ascochyta pisi.

Most obvious on stems and lower leaves. Purplish-black discolouration of lower stem. Dark brown spotting of pods and leaves. Blackening of stem base and upper tap root.

Common in all pea growing regions; most crops are affected to some extent. Favoured by wet conditions. Most damage in early sown crops.

Peas and most legumes.

Crop rotation.Later sowing.Fungicidal seed dressings.Disease free seed.

Bacterial blight

Pseudomonas syringae pv, pisi, P.syringae pvsyringae. .

Water-soaked spots on leaflets and stipules. Yellowish brown fan-shaped lesion on stipules.

Sporadic in wetter regions. Most severe in early sown crops already damaged by frost or heavy rain.

Peas. Crop rotation.Late sowing.Disease free seed.

Downy mildew

Perenospora viciae.

Brown blotches on upper leaf surface. Underside of leaves covered by masses of fluffy ‘mouse-grey’ spores.

Sporadic in all regions. Damage most severe in wetter districts.

Peas. Resistant varieties.Fungicidal seed dressings.

Powdery mildew

Erysiphe polygoni.

Leaves covered by a film of powdery white spores. Infected plants have a blue-white colour.

Can occur in most regions towards the end of the season. Most common in late-sown crops.

Peas. Resistant varieties. Avoid late sowing.Foliar fungicide application at flowering is an economic option for disease prone areas.

Septoria leaf blotch

Septoria pisi. Straw coloured blotches on leaves, stems and tendrils. Pin-head size black spots within lesions.

Present in most pea growing regions. Damage most severe on short, semi-leafless cultivars.

Peas. Destroy crop residue. Most varieties are moderately susceptible. Crop rotation.

VIRUS DISEASESPSbMV Pea

seedborne mosaic virus

Downward curling of leaves, mosaic, stunting.

Present in all pea growing regions.

Host range is limited to Fabaceae

This virus is highly seed borne in peas. Virus free seed is recommended

BWYV Beet western yellows virus

Yellowing and stunting Prevalent in all pea production areas.

Wide host range. Most pulses, brassicas and many weed species

Managing aphids and weeds, resistant varieties.

Table 6: Long term predicted field pea yield 2007-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Kaspa. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Mallee WimmeraKaspa (t/ha) 1.65 2.28Bundi 96 (16) 100 (8)Excell 72 (6) -Helena 101 (3) -Kaspa 100 (38) 100 (19)Morgan 96 (4) -Parafield 93 (35) 98 (17)PBA Coogee 96 (14) 98 (6)PBA Gunyah 101 (37) 104 (19)PBA Oura 100 (38) 107 (19)PBA Pearl 104 (30) 111 (15)PBA Percy 101 (24) 112 (12)PBA Twilight 100 (38) 103 (19)PBA Wharton 101 (30) 107 (15)Sturt 101 (29) 111 (14)SW Celine 91 (5) 95 (3)Yarrum 100 (23) 100 (9)

Field Pea


Table 7: Yield of field pea expressed as a percentage of the yield of Kaspa in 2013 NVT and DEPI (B) trials.Mallee Wimmera

Beulah (B) Birchip Rainbow Ultima Horsham (B) Kaniva (C) TarranyurkSowing Date 23/5/13 16/5/13 17/5/13 30/5/13 17/6/13 18/6/13 17/6/13Kaspa (t/ha) 2.54 1.44 2.17 0.75 3.94 3.88 1.60Kaspa 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Parafield 61 - - - 89 - -PBA Gunyah 77 90 101 164 106 102 89PBA Oura 91 83 98 153 99 106 111PBA Pearl 96 94 106 159 106 112 120PBA Percy 88 94 100 151 95 101 118PBA Twilight 88 81 97 156 109 95 101PBA Wharton 81 82 87 132 102 109 113Sturt 75 - - - 95 - -

Site Mean (t/ha) 2.41 1.38 2.18 1.23 4.25 4.21 1.82CV (%) 9 5 5 7 6 4 5LSD (%) 15 9 7 12 9 7 8B = Breeding trials, C = Caution interpreting data at Kaniva, possible uneven seed distribution

Table 8: Grain weight (g/100 seeds) in 2013 field pea trials.Mallee Wimmera

Birchip Rainbow Ultima Kaniva TarranyurkKaspa 21.2 17.4 22.8 20.5 21.4PBA Gunyah 21.2 18.8 22.3 21.6 23.0PBA Oura 24.1 20.7 25.0 23.2 23.7PBA Pearl 21.3 19.6 22.4 21.8 21.9PBA Percy 25.5 21.3 27.5 24.5 23.6PBA Twilight 21.2 18.0 20.9 20.7 21.7PBA Wharton 21.4 17.3 21.3 20.4 21.3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Peter Kennedy Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamJason Brand Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamFrank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamMary Raynes Pulse Australia

LENTIL

Lentil


LENTILREVIEW OF 2013

Season A late and dry start to the season meant that weed control was a significant problem for lentils as with many pulses. The dry conditions also increased the possibility of herbicide residues reducing early vigour. The herbicide tolerant PBA Herald XT provided a good option to assist with both weed control and the potential for residues.

Above average winter rainfall and relatively mild growing conditions enabled lentils to perform agronomically well across most growing regions in 2013. However, a mid October frost caused damage to a number of crops grown in the southern Mallee, and northern and eastern Wimmera regions.

Yields and grain quality were excellent, exceeding 4 t/ha in some of the traditional lentil growing regions of the central Wimmera. PBA Flash and the newly released PBA Boltwere among the top yielding varieties. The good yields combined with rising commodity prices meant that, in many regions, lentils were one of the most profitable crops for growers in 2013.

There was a high incidence of header fires when harvesting lentil crops this year. This is a salient reminder of the need for a rigorous cleaning routine during harvest.

Disease and insectsDespite a wet winter and somewhat cool spring, diseases in lentil crops were generally not a major issue in 2013.

Ascochyta was observed during row closure and pod fill, however did not significantly damage crops, except for some seed staining of untreated PBA Flash crops. Limited occurrence of Botrytis grey mould (BGM) had no impact on crops. There were no reports of sclerotinia in Victorian crops.

Crops treated with a fungicide application pre and post canopy closure produced near perfect blemish free grain.

As with most pulses insects numbers were marginally high this season however etiella and heliothis only damagedcrops that did not receive treatment during pod fill.


New varietiesThere is exceptionally high interest and uptake of the new herbicide tolerant PBA Hurricane XT, a small red lentil. Itoffers significant yield advantage over PBA Herald XT, the first herbicide tolerant lentil.

Two new green lentils (CIPAL1104 and CIPAL1207) and a large seeded red lentil (CIPAL1203) may be released in time for the 2014 season. Contact PB Seeds for more information.

DiseaseAscochyta blight can manifest rapidly and depending on the variety sown, should be factored into management plans for 2014.

Where there is high risk of BGM growers using susceptible varieties need to apply fungicides before canopy closure.

Variety choice, delayed time of sowing and wider row spacing can assist in minimising BGM.

To develop a suitable virus management strategy it is important to test seed for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) if symptoms were observed in the seed crop. Aphids multiply rapidly in lentil crops. Seed treatment, an early insecticide application and continued monitoring and action may be needed to avoid rapid aphid build up and virus spread both within the crop and to nearby chickpea crops. Thin crop stands are more attractive to aphids. Control of Heliothis and Etiella to prevent damage to grain remains important.

MarketingVariety purity is critical in lentils with a restriction of 1 per cent maximum contamination by different varieties. This is of particular concern when growing varieties with different seed coat colour and/or different cotyledon colour. Be aware of the potential for contamination from volunteer or ‘escaped’ lentils in paddocks when changing to new varieties with different seed coat colours i.e. PBA Flash to PBA Bolt.

Some lentil varieties also have normal genetic variation in coat colour. A change to lentil standards has now enabled a 1 per cent maximum “contrasting seed coat colours” to be added to assist in the delivery and marketing of varieties like PBA Blitz , PBA Herald-XT and PBA Hurricane XT thathave low levels of genetic variation in their seed coat colours.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• Growing lentil• AG1347 Pulse disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.pulseaus.com.auPulse Australia information on growing pulses including:• Lentil disease management strategy

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONSdenotes Plant Breeder Rights apply


Red lentil – ALDINGAAldinga has medium-large seed with good milling characteristics. Aldinga is MRMS to foliar infection by ascochyta blight but MS to seed infection. It is also MS to botrytis grey mould and lodges more than other varieties. It has been a preferred variety for some farmers using no till systems. Released 1994. AFCA. No market restrictions.



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-lentil




Lentil


Red lentil – NIPPER Nipper is similar to Northfield in many characteristics, including relatively short height and seed shape, but it has a grey seed coat. Nipper is MRMS to foliar ascochyta blight and R to seed ascochyta and botrytis grey mould. It is also R to the exotic disease Fusarium wilt, has improved salinity tolerance and generally lodges less than other varieties. Nipper is well established in markets, and has attracted a premium price in some years. Released 2005. Seednet. EPR $5.

Red lentil – NUGGETNugget is a mid season variety with a medium size seed and a grey seed coat. It has been the benchmark for lentil production and marketing but is gradually being superseded. It is MRMS to foliar ascochyta blight but MS to seed ascochyta blight. Nugget is MRMS to botrytis grey mould. Released 1999. Heritage Seeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil – PBA ACE PBA Ace is a medium sized red lentil with grey seed. A mid-season lentil that has been the highest yielding across all areas, though it can be lower yielding in dry years or high temperatures. PBA Ace is best suited to longer season areas replacing Nugget and PBA Jumbo. It has excellent ascochyta resistance and is MRMS to botrytis grey mould. It is intolerant to salinity and boron. High milling quality. Released 2012 (CIPAL0803). PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil - PBA BLITZ PBA Blitz is a medium sized red lentil with a grey seed coat that is early flowering and is suited to short growing seasons and environments. It has improved early vigour and an erect growth habit which is suited to no-till and inter-row sowing. PBA Blitz is MR to foliar and seed ascochyta blight and MR to botrytis grey mould. PBA Blitz is rated as intolerant of soil boron and salinity. It has demonstrated similar but generally improved milling characteristics compared to Nugget. Released 2010. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil – PBA BOLT PBA Bolt is a medium sized red lentil with grey seed. Adapted to the Mallee and northern Wimmera. While similar to PBA Flash with early-mid maturity and salinity tolerance, it is better in the southern Mallee as it is MR to foliar ascochyta blight and R to seed ascochyta blight. Itssusceptibility to botrytis grey mould makes it less suited tomedium-high rainfall areas in wetter years and with early sowing. Like PBA Flash, PBA Bolt is a good variety for timely crop topping to control weeds. An erect habit and good lodging resistance make it easier to harvest in dry conditions. Released 2012 (CIPAL0801). PB Seeds.EPR $5.

Red lentil - PBA BOUNTY PBA Bounty is a high yielding small seeded red lentil that is broadly adapted and suited to most lentil growing environments. PBA Bounty is MRMS to foliar ascochyta blight, MR to seed ascochyta blight and MS to botrytis grey mould. It has improved tolerance to salinity compared to Nugget. PBA Bounty has a prostrate plant growth habit early in the season compared with all other varieties. PBA Bounty produces a round seed that is slightly larger (10%) than Nipper, but still likely to be sold into similar markets for splitting or the production of “footballs” (whole seed with the seed coat removed). Released 2009. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil – PBA FLASH PBA Flash is an early maturing, high yielding red lentil with a medium seed size and is suited to all current lentil growing areas but particularly shorter season growing areas. It has improved tolerance to boron and salinity compared to Nugget , which along with its height and erectness, has contributed to its popularity in the Mallee. Like PBA Bolt, PBA Flash is a good variety for timely crop topping to control weeds. It is MS to foliar ascochyta blightand MR to seed ascochyta blight. It is MRMS to botrytisgrey mould. PBA Flash has improved standing ability at maturity relative to other lentil varieties which may make it more prone to pod drop in windy environments, timely harvest is required. It is well suited to medium red lentil grain markets, similar to Nugget, particularly for splitting.Released 2009. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil – PBA HERALD XT PBA Herald XT is a small red seeded lentil best adapted to longer growing seasons with medium to higher rainfall. It is the first lentil with improved tolerance to imazethapyr with an interim permit for pre or post-emergent application in 2013-14. It has improved tolerance to the herbicide flumetsulam plus reduced sensitivity to some sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicide residues. It is important to note that growers must adhere to product label rates, plant back periods and all label directions for use. PBA Herald XT is targeted as a replacement for Nipper in medium to higher rainfall areas, but will be out-yielded by the new PBAHurricane XT. PBA Herald XT is R to foliar and seed ascochyta and botrytis grey mould. Disease resistance will assist in achieving high grain quality. Released 2011. PBSeeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil – PBA HURRICANE XT PBA Hurricane XT is a small red seeded lentil with mid flowering and maturity. Like PBA Herald XT it has tolerance to imazethapyr with an interim permit for pre or post-emergent application in 2013-14. It has improved tolerance to the herbicide flumetsulam plus reduced sensitivity to some sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicide residues. Itis important to note that growers must adhere to product label rates, plant back periods and all label directions for use. PBA Hurricane XT is the highest yielding small red lentil available in Australia and has improved yields over PBA Herald XT, Nipper and Nugget, but lower than PBAAce. It is MR to foliar ascochyta and MRMS to botrytis grey mould. Released 2013 (CIPAL1101). PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Red lentil – PBA JUMBO PBA Jumbo is a high yielding large seeded red lentil with a grey seed coat. It is mid flowering and has a maturity similar to Nugget. It is targeted as a replacement for Aldinga and is well suited to no-till inter-row sowing into standing stubble. It is MRMS to foliar ascochyta blight andR to seed ascochyta, but MS to botrytis grey mould, which may require timely management. Tolerance to soil boron is similar to PBA Flash. PBA Jumbo is suited to medium to high rainfall regions where it produces uniform larger seed size well suited to premium large red split markets.Released 2010. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Lentil


Green lentil - BOOMER Boomer is a large seeded green lentil that is tall, bulky andvigorous but can lodge when growing conditions are favourable. Sowing early can increase lodging and result in smaller seed. Boomer is MR to foliar ascochyta blight but MS to seed ascochyta blight. It is MRMS to botrytis grey mould. Early harvest is important to prevent shattering and produce good coloured seed. Released 2005. Seednet. EPR $5.

POTENTIAL NEW VARIETIES from Pulse Breeding Australia.

Red lentil – CIPAL1203A high yielding, large seeded red lentil. CIPAL1203 is a vigorous mid season variety, that is able to maximise yield in favourable growing seasons (such as 2013). It will likely fit in the same market segment as PBA Jumbo, but comes with a superior agronomic package, being more resistant to both lodging and shattering, as well as R to both foliar

ascochyta blight and botrytis grey mould. Available for sowing 2014. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Green lentil – CIPAL1104 A new variety that fits into the medium-sized green lentil market. This variety represents a new market opportunity for Australian growers. With yields similar to PBA Ace, CIPAL1104 will be the highest yielding green lentil available. Well-suited to all regions where lentils are currently grown. CIPAL1104 is moderately resistant to both foliar ascochyta blight and botrytis grey mould. Available for sowing 2014. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Green lentil – CIPAL1207A large seeded green lentil with an average seed diameter of 5.8 mm (approximately 7 g/100 seeds). CIPAL1207 surpasses Boomer for seed size and yield across multi-year trials. It is also more resistant to shattering than Boomer, but is susceptible to lodging at maturity and MS for botrytis grey mould. Available for sowing 2014. PB Seeds. EPR $5.

Table 1: Lentil time of sowing guide.Take variety flowering & maturity status into account when choosing a sowing date. In the Wimmera, the highest yields are from sowing in early May to mid June. However early sowing increases the risk of yield and quality losses from botrytis grey mould and ascochyta blight. Early sowing also increases the likelihood of crop lodging. This table is a guide only and has been compiled from experimental data and observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.MALLEE/Northern WIMMERA April May June JulyAldinga, Boomer, Nugget, PBA Ace, PBA Bolt, PBA Bounty, PBA Blitz, PBA Flash, PBA Jumbo

> X X X <

WIMMERA April May June JulyAldinga, Boomer, Nipper, Nugget, PBA Ace, PBA Bolt, PBA Bounty, PBA Blitz, PBA Flash, PBA Herald XT, PBA Hurricane XT, PBAJumbo,Tiara

> X X X X X <


Table 2: Lentil variety agronomic guide (may vary with sowing time and location).Variety Grain

typeSeed coat

Seed size(%)*

Flowering time

Maturity Lodging Shattering Salinity Boron

Small seedNipper red grey 75-80 mid/late mid MR MR MT IPBA Bounty red grey 90 mid/late mid MS R MI IPBA Herald XT red grey 75 mid/late mid/late MRMS MR I IPBA Hurricane XT red grey 85 mid mid MR R I IMedium seedNugget red grey 100 mid mid/late MS R I IPBA Ace red grey 100 mid mid MRMS MRMS I IPBA Blitz red grey 115-120 early early MR MR I IPBA Bolt red grey 100 early/mid early/mid R R MI MIPBA Flash red green 100-110 early/mid early/mid MR MR MI MILarge seedAldinga red green 120 mid mid MS MRMS MI ICIPAL1203 red grey 120 mid mid MRMS R I MIPBA Jumbo red grey 120 mid mid MS MR I MIGreen lentilBoomer yellow green 150 mid mid/late S S I MICIPAL1104 yellow green 130 mid mid/late MS MR MI ICIPAL1207 yellow green 170 mid mid/late S MRMS I MIR = resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S=susceptible, VS=very susceptible, I=intolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI= moderately intolerant. * ratings relative to Nugget. Can flower and mature relatively earlier if sownearly.

Lentil


Table 3: Disease rating for current lentil varieties. Disease ratings from Pulse Breeding Australia. No variety with a Resistant rating is immune to disease, and fungicide application may be required under severe disease pressure.Variety Ascochyta blight

FoliarAscochyta blight

Seed/podBotrytis grey mould (BGM)

Small seedNipper MRMS R RPBA Bounty MRMS MR MSPBA Herald XT R R RPBA Hurricane XT MR - MRMSMedium seedNugget MRMS MS MRMSPBA Ace R R MRMSPBA Blitz MR MR MRPBA Bolt MR R SPBA Flash MS MR MRMSLarge seedAldinga MRMS MS MSCIPAL1203 R - RPBA Jumbo MRMS R MSGreen lentilBoomer MR MS MRMSCIPAL1104 MR - MRCIPAL1207 MR - MSR = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible

Table 4: Lentil disease guide.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Hosts ControlAscochyta blight

Ascochyta lentis

Leaves: small round whitish grey lesions with brown margins. Lesions contain small black fruiting bodies of the fungus. Lesions can also form on stems causing premature death. Pod infection can ultimately result in dark discolourations on seed.

Common in all lentil growing regions in southern Australia. All varieties except Northfield and Nipper are at risk of seed infection by ascochyta blight.Damage is most likely in wet seasons.

Lentils – seed, stubble and self sown plants.

Fungicidal seed dressings.Resistant varieties.Foliar fungicides.Crop rotation.Avoid early sowing.

Botrytis grey mould

Botrytis cinerea andBotrytis fabae

Leaves: white round lesions/spots without black fruiting bodies as in ascochyta blight.Stems: Pale brown grey lesions form on stems that are covered with fluffy grey mould. Botrytis grey mould can cause branches to die and cause discoloured and shrivelled seed.In severe cases large brown patches can form in the crop.

Most likely to occur in dense, lodged crops when there is frequent rain late in spring.

Most legumes including chickpeas, faba bean and vetch.

Fungicidal seed dressings.Low plant density.Avoid early sowing.Foliar fungicides.Crop rotation.Resistant varieties.

VIRUS DISEASESAMV Alfalfa

mosaic virusTip necrosis. Young leaves are pale green, small, twisted and distorted.A faint mosaic pattern may appear.

Prevalent in lentil production regions with high aphid numbers

Wide host range including most pulses, some horticultural plants and weeds

Virus free seed, management of weeds, resistant varieties.

CMV Cucumber mosaic virus

Yellowing, stunting. Young leaves are pale green, small, twisted and distorted. A faint mosaic pattern may appear.

Common in all lentil growing areas with high aphid numbers


Virus free seed, management of weeds, resistant varieties.


Yellowing, stunting. Produces the most severe symptoms of the all the viruses. Patches of crop resemble root disease or herbicide residue damage.

Present in all lentil production areas with high aphid numbers.


Managing weeds and aphids, resistant varieties.

Lentil


Table 5: Long term predicted lentil yield 2007-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Nugget. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Mallee WimmeraNugget (t/ha) 1.07 1.42Aldinga 101 (10) 97 (13)Boomer 102 (19) 102 (23)Cassab - 92 (4)Cumra 93 (5) 91 (7)Digger 94 (10) 93 (15)Matilda - 95 (4)Nipper 87 (25) 95 (25)Northfield 92 (14) 93 (19)Nugget 100 (25) 100 (25)PBA Ace 124 (23) 116 (21)PBA Blitz 96 (25) 102 (25)PBA Bolt 119 (23) 114 (21)PBA Bounty 103 (19) 99 (23)PBA Flash 103 (25) 109 (25)PBA Herald XT 93 (23) 96 (19)PBA Hurricane XT 111 (16) 110 (11)PBA Jumbo 102 (25) 105 (25)

Table 6: Yield of lentil expressed as a percentage of the yield of Nugget in 2013 NVT and Vic DEPI (B) trials.Mallee Wimmera

Beulah (B,C)

Birchip Rainbow Ultima (C) Horsham (B) Kaniva Minyip (B) Tarranyurk

Sowing Date 21/5/13 16/5/13 17/5/13 30/5/13 5/6/13 18/6/13 27/5/13 17/6/13Nugget (t/ha) 2.29 0.65 0.90 0.62 3.28 3.14 2.46 1.15Aldinga 91 - - - 79 - 93 -Boomer 105 - - - 54 - 97 -Nipper 80 102 63 45 89 91 89 99Northfield 94 - - - 82 - 94 -Nugget 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PBA Ace 96 123 111 118 84 104 100 85PBA Blitz 104 74 58 53 87 90 92 103PBA Bolt 109 131 124 119 77 92 111 105PBA Bounty 99 - - - 104 - 112 -PBA Flash 131 123 100 111 83 104 95 116PBA Herald XT 76 109 60 71 64 84 81 78PBA Hurricane XT 101 152 88 95 94 86 100 95PBA Jumbo 115 112 77 85 77 95 108 94

Site Mean (t/ha) 2.43 0.79 0.90 0.61 2.87 3.14 2.53 1.23CV (%) 10 4 11 14 8 8 7 7LSD (%) 20 7 20 23 13 14 11 12B = Breeding trials, C = caution interpreting data: Beulah had poor emergence and vigour, Ultima had high variability.

Table 7: Grain weight (g/100 seeds) in 2013 lentil trials.Mallee Wimmera

Birchip Rainbow Ultima Kaniva TarranyurkNipper 3.70 3.14 3.55 3.76 3.22Nugget 4.40 3.97 4.20 4.53 4.05PBA Ace 4.39 4.26 4.46 5.40 4.45PBA Blitz 4.97 5.13 5.44 5.83 5.03PBA Bolt 4.66 4.30 4.96 5.16 4.56PBA Flash 5.10 4.66 5.22 5.56 4.96PBA Herald XT 3.42 2.82 3.11 3.56 2.88PBA Hurricane XT 3.76 3.23 3.55 3.93 3.48PBA Jumbo 4.98 4.70 5.23 5.50 4.89

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Jason Brand Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamMatthew Rodda Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamMirella Butsch Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamFrank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamMary Raynes Pulse Australia

FABA BEAN

Faba Bean


FABA BEANThere are varying sizes of faba bean seeds and colour that are identified by different names. Small-seeded types (Vicia faba var. minor) may be called faba bean or tickbean and are commonly used for human consumption and animal feed. Medium and large size seed types (V. faba var. major) may be called broad bean and are used more commonly as a dry broad bean or as a green bean.

Faba beans grown in Australia are predominately exported for the human consumption export market to the Middle East. These markets demand high visual quality standards to meet market specifications in a relatively small world export market. Australia competes with the European Union, particularly the United Kingdom and France, for a share of the 300,000 tonne Middle East market. Middle Eastern countries use faba bean for human consumption as part of the staple diet. It is referred to as ‘foul’ which is equivalent to bread as a staple in Australian diets.

REVIEW OF 2013

Season In 2013 faba bean crops performed well with a few exceptions. Cooler conditions allowed crops to flower for a long period of time and yields in western Victoria were excellent. In some cases earlier flowers failed to produce pods. This is possibly due to the cooler spring temperatures having a range of effects including reduced numbers of bees for pollination and poor sunlight penetration into the lower branches.

The total area sown to faba bean is continuing to see a resurgence, with improved understanding of agronomy and disease management along with excellent commodity prices. In recent years growers using wide row no-till cropping have found faba beans profitable as the lower pods are able to fill properly.

Disease Some chocolate spot and cercospora was observed but was well managed with prudent use of fungicides in spite of some wet weather and neither progressed into a serious outbreak.

Faba bean quality was particularly dependent on timely management of insect and disease pests.

Ascochyta and rust were not prevalent in 2013.


New varietiesNo new varieties were added to the 2014 guide. However, there are new varieties on the horizon for 2015 (AF05069-2and AF05095-1) that offer yield improvements of 5-10% in most regions.

Fiesta and Farah are the most commonly grown varieties in Victoria. PBA Rana, released in 2011 produces the largest seed and is well suited to the Egyptian market. It is resistant to both foliar and seed ascochyta. PBA Rana is aimed at the high rainfall long season in the South West.

Pod setSowing early does not necessarily result in greater pod set, but wider row spacings may help sunlight to penetrate the canopy and increase podding. Sow in areas away from

canola paddocks to avoid bees being diverted to the stronger odour of the canola.

DiseaseTo maintain access to the high quality human consumption food market in the Middle East, Australian faba beans require seed to be free from blemishes primarily caused by disease, insect and environment. Correct variety choice and strategic fungicide implementation is required to ensure good yields, good seed quality and colour.

If 2014 provides good sowing conditions and adequate rain during the grain fill period, it is highly recommended that growers spray bean crops for disease control. The 6-8week and 15 week growth stages are the important timing to minimise ascochyta blight, cercospora leaf spot and chocolate spot in order to harvest disease free seed. Prompt harvest when the crop is initially ripe is alsoimportant to retain grain quality. Anecdotally, Aquadulce and PBA Kareema rated better for chocolate spot resistance compared to Nura and Farah.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• AG0083 Growing faba bean• AG1347 Pulse disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.pulseaus.com.auPulse Australia has detailed information on growing pulses.



Broad bean - AQUADULCETall late flowering broad bean with some tolerance to waterlogging as well as iron and manganese deficiencies. Best suited to high rainfall districts (>450mm). MS to ascochyta blight, chocolate spot and rust. Released 1982.

Broad bean - PBA KAREEMA PBA Kareema is a direct replacement for Aquadulce. PBA Kareema requires a long growing season similar to Aquadulce and rainfall greater than 450mm. It is RMR to ascochyta blight and MRMS to chocolate spot. PBA Kareema is only recommended for the south west region of Victoria. Released 2009. PGG Wrightson Seeds. EPR $4.

Faba bean - FARAH Farah is similar to Fiesta but has good ascochyta blight resistance (both leaf and pod), which reduces grain staining from ascochyta at harvest. Farah yield is similar to Fiesta across southern Australia and performs best in medium rainfall environments. Released 2004. Heritage Seeds. EPR $3.



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-faba-bean




Faba Bean


Faba bean - FIESTA VFA medium sized bean, Fiesta has shown high yields and wide adaptation throughout southern Australia. It has good seedling vigour and is of medium height. Fiesta is MRMS to ascochyta blight foliage, MS to seed ascochyta and S to chocolate spot. Released 1998.

Faba bean - NURA Nura is shorter than Fiesta and Farah and less likely to lodge, however the bottom pods are closer to the ground. RMR to ascochyta blight, MS to chocolate spot and MR to rust. Nura needs to be sown early as it flowers about seven days later than Fiesta, but it matures at a similar time. Released 2005. Seednet. EPR $3.

Faba bean - PBA RANA Relatively late flowering and maturing variety suited to higher rainfall, long season regions. Seed is larger than current varieties and is considered high quality by the major Egyptian market. Resistant to both foliar and seed ascochyta blight with improved resistance to chocolate spot compared to Fiesta and Farah. Developed by PBA (as 974*(611*974)/15-1). Released 2011. Seednet. EPR $3.50.

Table 1: Faba bean time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.MALLEE April May June JulyFarah, Fiesta > X X X <WIMMERAAquadulce, Farah, Fiesta, Nura. > X X X X X X X X < <NORTH CENTRALAquadulce, Farah, Fiesta, Nura > X X X X X X X < <NORTH EASTAquadulce, Farah, Fiesta, Nura > X X X <SOUTH WESTAquadulce, PBA Kareema, Farah, Fiesta, PBA Rana

> > X X X X X X X <


Table 2: Faba bean variety agronomic and disease guide.Variety Seed size Seed

colourFlowering

timeMaturity Lodging Ascochyta

blight-Foliage

Ascochyta blight-Seed

Chocolate spot

Rust

Aquadulce large light buff late mid-late MS MS MS MS MSPBAKareema

large light brown late mid-late MS RMR RMR MRMS MR

Farah medium light brown -brown

early-mid early-mid MS RMR RMR S S

Fiesta VF medium light brown -brown

early-mid early-mid MS MRMS MS S S

Nura small-med light buff mid early-mid MR RMR RMR MS MRPBA Rana med-large light brown mid mid MR R R S MSDisease ratings from Pulse Breeding Australia.R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible

Faba bean


Table 3: Faba bean disease guide summary.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Hosts ControlAscochyta blight

Ascochyta fabae

Large, light tan to grey lesions on leaves. Small black fruiting bodies develop within lesions. Centres of lesions may fall out, leaving holes in leaves. Sunken lesions on stem similar in colour to leaf lesions. Brown-black discolouration of grain.

Common in all faba bean growing areas in southern Australia. Most severe in wet seasons. Spores spread by wind and rain. Infected seed.

Faba bean,Vetch.

Foliar fungicides. Resistant varieties.Crop rotation.Control volunteer plants.Clean seed.

Chocolate spot

Botrytis fabaeBotrytis cinerea

Passive phase: small chocolate covered spots scattered over leaves.Aggressive phase: tissue around spots turn dark grey and black. Leaves die and blacken.

Occurs in all areas where beans are grown. Disease usually becomes established in late winter and becomes more severe as day temperatures increase during spring. Spores spread by wind and rain. Can destroy unprotected crops in wet seasons.

Faba bean. Foliar fungicides.Resistant varieties.Crop rotation.Control volunteer plants.

Cercospora leaf spot

Cercospora zonata

Irregular black lesions, with a distinct margin on the leaf. Easily confused with Ascochyta or Chocolate spot but distinguished by the concentric pattern within lesions.

Occurs in all areas where beans are grown.

Faba bean,vetch.

Foliar fungicides.

Rust Uromyces viciae-fabae

Numerous small, orange-brown rust pustules, surrounded by a light yellow halo on the leaves of infected plants.

Most prevalent in northern Australia. Crops usually affected late in the season.

Faba bean, vetch.

Foliar fungicides.Crop rotation.Control volunteer plants.

Sclerotinia stem rot

Sclerotinia trifoliorum var.fabae,Sclerotiniasclerotiorum

Infection usually begins close to ground level and slimy wet rot extends into stem and down into the roots. Plants easily pulled from soil and have blackened base covered with cottony, white fungus growth. Usually isolated plants that suddenly wilt and collapse. Sclerotia on surface and within stem turn from white to black.

Rapid development of disease in wet, cool conditions. Foliar form of disease spread by air-borne spores. Fungus survives in the soil for many years.

Wide host range.

Crop rotation.Lower seeding rates, wider row spacing and good weed control.

Stem nematode

Ditylenchus dipsaci

Patches of malformed and stunted plants with curling leaves and water-soaked spots. Stem may die back, turning reddish-brown colour.

Most severe in wet seasons. Nematode can survive many years in seed, straw or soil.

Faba bean, pea, oat, wild oat.Infected seed straw or soil.

Seed test.Crop rotation.

VIRUS DISEASESSCSV Subterranean

clover stunt virus

Stunting, tip yellowing, small and thick leaves.

Prevalent in all bean growing areas, symptoms appear early on faba bean.

Sub clover, faba bean, lupin, lentil, chickpea, lucerne, soybean.

Managing aphids and weeds.

BLRV Bean leaf roll virus

Interveinal yellowing, leaf rolling, stunting, leathery leaves.

Occurs in all bean growing areas.

The host range is limited to Fabaceae.

Managing aphids.

PSbMV Pea seedborne mosaic virus

Can be symptomless or systemic dark and lightgreen leaf mottle, leaf margins upright leaf blade reduced in size. Seeds have brown rings or line patterns on surface.

Occurs in all bean growing areas.

Host range is limited to Fabaceae

Virus free seed is recommended.Managing aphids.

Faba bean


Table 4: Long term predicted faba bean yield 2007-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Farah.The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

North Central North East South West WimmeraFarah (t/ha) 4.26 2.62 3.85 2.45Aquadulce - - 93 (3) -Cairo - - - 98 (6)Doza - 102 (4) - 94 (12)Farah 100 (6) 100 (7) 100 (4) 100 (23)Fiesta VF 101 (6) 100 (7) 101 (4) 100 (22)Fiord 93 (4) 97 (3) - 99 (12)Manafest - - - 89 (8)Nura 94 (6) 98 (7) 98 (4) 97 (25)PBA Kareema - - 93 (3) -PBA Rana 95 (3) 96 (6) 98 (4) 93 (21)

Table 5: Yield of faba bean expressed as a percentage of the yield of Farah in 2013 NVT and breeding trials (B).

North Central

North East

South West Wimmera

Kerang (B)

Dookie Lake Bolac (B,C)

Kalkee (B,C)

Kaniva Kaniva (B)

Wonwondah

Wonwondah (B)

Sowing Date 1/3/13 8/5/13 2/5/13 9/5/13 13/5/13 15/5/13 8/5/13 8/5/13Farah (t/ha) 5.53 4.12 3.31 2.45 3.54 3.5 3.89 3.86Aquadulce - - 95 - - - - -Farah 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Fiesta VF 100 97 106 93 103 - 102 -Nura 109 86 111 86 103 108 106 108PBA Kareema - - 94 - - - - -PBA Rana - 87 121 88 95 102 105 99PBA Warda - 96 - - - - - -Site Mean (t/ha)

6.12 3.93 3.37 2.38 3.75 3.68 4.20 4.18

CV (%) 5 4 11 11 5 5 5 5LSD (%) 9 9 16 18 8 9 8 8B= Breeding trial, C = caution interpreting data, high variability.

Table 6: 100 grain weight (g/100 seeds) of faba bean in 2013 trials.North East Wimmera

Dookie Kaniva WonwondahFarah 72.8 73.4 70.9Fiesta VF 69.1 73.4 72.0Nura 69.0 70.2 67.8PBA Rana 84.2 91.1 87.6PBA Warda 77.9 - -

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Jason Brand Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamFrank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamJeffrey Paull University of AdelaideMary Raynes Pulse Australia

LUPIN

Lupin


LUPINThere are two species of lupin used in broadacre crop production, the more commonly grown narrow leaf lupins (Lupinus angustifolius) and the large seeded and broadleafed albus types (Lupinus albus). Narrow leaf types are generally used as a high protein stock feed either for sale or supplementary feeding on farm. The albus types may fit into human food and aquaculture markets as well as high protein stock feed markets. They are the less preferred lupin in stock feed manufacturing. They are also more susceptible to dry conditions or waterlogging than narrow leaf lupins.

REVIEW OF 2013

Season As with other broadleaf crops, dry sowing conditionscaused some variable emergence and establishment suffered. Lack of spring rainfall limited yield potential and windy conditions damaged stems making it difficult to harvest grain. Generally older varieties were more vulnerable to wind damage.

Yields in the Mallee were reduced with the dry start to spring.

Disease There were limited reports of fungal diseases in 2013. However the fungal disease phomopsis was present,particularly on susceptible varieties in the North East. Even in resistant varieties phomopsis can cause the stock disease lupinosis when animals graze lupin stubbles. Growers are reminded to check stubbles before grazing with sheep. Look for the characteristic ‘leopard’ spotting (pycnidia) on stubble.

Likewise, viruses (CMV) were not widespread but were present in some crops.

Surveys confirm that Victoria remains free of anthracnose.


New varietiesThere are no new varieties in the eastern states for 2014.However, PBA Barlock was released in WA and is intended to be released in Victoria and South Australia in 2015

DiseaseMost narrow leaf varieties are susceptible to brown leaf spot, fungicide seed dressingsand agronomic management are required to reduce impact of this disease.

Virus diseases remain a potential issue for 2014. Seed testing is recommended to confirm freedom from CMV and other viruses, and resistant varieties are recommended. Avoid sowing lupins adjacent to legume crops or pasture (eg. lucerne) to reduce virus risk. Monitoring and managing aphids may also assist to manage viruses.

Majority of current varieties have resistance to phomopsis, slowing development of the fungus and reducing toxin production. However, when significant rainfall occurs on maturing plants or after harvest disease development canstill occur and care must be taken in grazing lupin stubbles.

Anthracnose is present in WA and SA commercial lupin crops and it is important that seed is obtained from

reputable sources to prevent accidental introduction into Victoria. Standard hygiene practice should apply when dealing with equipment, material or people from infected states.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• Growing lupin• AG1347 Pulse disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.pulseaus.com.auPulse Australia has detailed information on growing pulses.



Narrow leaf lupin – JENABILLUP Tall mid flowering narrow leaf lupin with early vigour. A high yielding variety more suited to the medium to higher rainfall areas. It has an longer flowering window compared to Mandelup, making it less suitable to crop topping. MR to lodging. MR to aphid colonisation, R to pod phomopsis, MRMS to brown leaf spot and MS to stem phomopsis and anthracnose. Released 2007. Seednet. EPR $2.30.

Narrow leaf lupin – JINDALEE Tall, mid flowering and late maturing variety suited to early sowing in high rainfall, long season areas. Does not handle a dry finish, and because of its vernalisation requirement can flower too late in warmer areas. R to phomopsis, MR to brown leaf spot and S to anthracnose. Medium speckled seed size with medium seed alkaloid levels. Released 2000. Seednet. EPR $1.25.

Narrow leaf lupin – MANDELUP A tall, early flowering and maturing variety with high yield suited to medium to low rainfall zones. Suitable for crop topping. Mandelup may lodge in high rainfall zones. R to phomopsis and aphids, MR to anthracnose. Pod shatter with delayed harvest and poorer establishment have been issues with Mandelup. Released 2004. Seednet.EPR $2.30.

Narrow leaf lupin – PBA GUNYIDI Released as a replacement of Mandelup, PBA Gunyidi is aslightly later flowering and maturing variety than Mandelup. PBA Gunyidi has proven widely adapted to a range of environments, and is considered an alternative to Mandelup, but with greater resistance to pod shattering. It is not as tall as Mandelup, and generally consideredcomparable to it for yield. R to phomopsis, MS to brown leaf spot and RMR to anthracnose. It is only available in limited supply in eastern Australia and likely to be adopted only by those who are dissatisfied with Mandelup. Developed by PBA (WALAN2289). Released 2011. Seednet. EPR $2.50.



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-lupin




Lupin


Narrow leaf lupin – QUILINOCK High yielding narrow leaf lupin but SVS to anthracnose. It is early flowering for low to medium rainfall areas. Quilinock is MR to stem phomopsis. Released 1999. Limited quantities grown in eastern states due to anthracnose susceptibility.EPR $0.95.

Narrow leaf lupin – WONGA Anthracnose R with medium height and lodging resistance. It is MS to brown leaf spot and R to phomopsis. Best suitedto medium rainfall districts, particularly when resistance to anthracnose is required. Released 1997.

Albus lupin – KIEV MUTANTOnce the most widely grown albus variety, but nowsuperceded. It is of moderate height, grows vigorously, flowers early but matures late compared with narrow leaf lupins. Requires rainfall higher than 450mm to yield well. Does not handle waterlogged conditions. Alkaloid testing of seed is required.

Albus lupin – LUXOR A newer release to replace Kiev Mutant, but with resistance to Pleiochaeta root rot. Slightly taller than Kiev Mutant and suitable for lower to medium rainfall regions and high rainfall regions where Pleiochaeta root rot is a problem. Luxor is 100 per cent sweet and should not be grown within 2 km of other albus varieties to avoid bitter contamination. Released 2008. Viterra. EPR $2.80.

Albus lupin – ROSSETTA A release selected for improved yield and Pleiochaeta root rot resistance compared to Kiev Mutant. It is late flowering, making it suitable for medium and higher rainfall regions although has compared well with other albus varieties in the Mallee. It is tall and 100 per cent sweet, so should not be grown near other albus varieties. Released 2007. Viterra. EPR $2.80

Bitter, large seeded albus lupin -LUPINI bean Varieties are Lago Azzurro, Mount Beauty and Murphy. They must be grown in complete isolation from sweet albus varieties due to the high alkaloid content of the seed and the potential to cross or contaminate sweet albus varieties. Production is for a niche market.

POTENTIAL NEW VARIETY FOR 2015

Narrow leaf lupin – PBA BARLOCK PBA Barlock is slightly later flowering and maturing than Mandelup with a greater yield potential and more resistance to pod shatter. MR to stem phomopsis and R to anthracnose and aphids. Better metribuzin tolerance than Wonga. Released in WA in 2013 (WALAN2325) and aniticipate seed available in eastern states for 2015. Seednet. EPR $2.50

Table 1: Optimal lupin sowing times for rainfallzones and soil types.Rainfall zone Optimum sowing timeAverage mmper year

Sands Shallow sand over clay, sandy loams, loams

Below 350 mm mid April to early May

late April to early May

350-450 mm early to mid May mid MayAbove 450 mm mid May late May

Table 2: Lupin variety agronomic and disease guide.Flower-

ingtime

Height Lodging Pod shattering

Drought tolerance

Aphid resist

Brown leaf spot

Pleiochaeta root rot

CMV seed

transmit

Anthrac-nose

Phomopsis

Stem PodNarrow leafJenabillup M T MR MS MR MR MRMS R MR MS MS RJindalee M-L M R MR MS MR R MS S R RMandelup VE T MS MS MR R MS R MR MR R RPBABarlock

E M MR R R MS RMR R MR

PBAGunyidi

VE M MS R MR R MS R RMR RMR R R

Quilinock E S MS MR MR MS MRMS R MR SVS MR MSWonga E-M M MR R MS MR MS R R R R RAlbus lupinKiev Mutant E M R MS S MR VS R VS MR SLuxor E-M M-T R MS S MR R R VS MR SRosetta M-L T R MS S MR MR R VS MR SFlowering time; VE=very early, E=early, M=mid, L=late Height; S=short, M=medium, T=tallLodging and disease reactions; R = Resistant RMR = Resistant to moderately resistant MR = Moderately resistant MRMS = Moderately resistant to moderately susceptible MS = Moderately susceptible MSS = Moderately susceptible to susceptible S = Susceptible SVS = Susceptible to very susceptible VS = Very susceptible

Lupin


Table 3: Lupin sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.MALLEE April May June JulyNarrow leafJenabillup, Mandelup, PBA Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga > X X X X < <

Albus lupinKiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta > X X X X < <WIMMERA April May June JulyNarrow leafJenabillup, Mandelup, PBA Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga > > X X X X < <

Albus lupinKiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta > > X X X X < <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyNarrow leafJenabillup, Jindalee, Mandelup, PBA Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga > > X X X X < <

Albus lupinKiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta > > X X X X < <NORTH EAST April May June JulyNarrow leafJenabillup, Jindalee, PBA Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga > X X X X < <

Albus lupinKiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta > X X X X < <SOUTH WEST April May June JulyNarrow leafJenabillup, Jindalee, PBA Gunyidi, Quilinock, Wonga > X X X X < <

Albus lupinKiev Mutant, Luxor, Rosetta > X X X X X <>earlier than ideal, X optimum sowing time, < later than ideal but acceptable

Table 4: Long term predicted lupin yield 2009-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of Mandelup. The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Mallee North CentralMandelup (t/ha) 1.35 2.18Coromup 94 (6) 94 (5)Jenabillup 95 (10) 97 (5)Mandelup 100 (10) 100 (5)PBA Barlock 96 (8) 93 (4)PBA Gunyidi 96 (10) 97 (4)Quilinock 91 (6) -Wonga 87 (10) 81 (5)

Table 5: Yield of lupin expressed as a percentage of the yield of Mandelup and 100 grain weight (g/100 seeds) in 2013 trials.

Yield Grain weightMallee North Central North Central

Hopetoun Diggora DiggoraSowing Date 22/5/13 29/5/13Mandelup (t/ha) 1.51 2.55Coromup - 88 15.3Jenabillup 109 96 15.6Mandelup 100 100 16.1PBA Barlock 108 100 16.2PBA Gunyidi 101 104 14.9Quilinock 108 - -Wonga 90 88 15.1

Site Mean (t/ha) 1.52 2.53CV (%) 5 4LSD (%) 9 7

Lupin


Table 6: Lupin disease guide. Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Inoculum source ControlFUNGAL DISEASESBrown leaf spot

Pleiochaeta setosa

Dark spots on leaves and pods, often web like on leaves, infected leaves drop off, lesions may girdle stem.

Very common but losses usually minor in dry areas, yield loss can be significant in cool damp areas.

Spores survive in soil and lupin trash. Rain splash and wind blown rain spread the disease.

Fungicide seed dressings, crop rotation, variety selection, early sowing, sow into cereal stubble.

Pleiochaeta root rot

Pleiochaeta setosa

Browning and rotting of tap and lateral roots, seedling plant death.

Serious reduction in lupin plant density and vigour.

Spores in soil infecting roots usually at seedling stage, spread also by rain splash.

Minimum 4 yearrotation between lupins, sowing 4-5 cm deep to avoid spore layer, fungicide seed dressings.

Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia spp.

Bare patches in crop, spear tipped root ends or hypocotyl rot and stain.

Can be severe in isolated patches, reduces stand density, favoured by minimum tillage, wet soils and mild conditions.

Soil borne infection with wide host range, survives as fungal fragments in soil and plant debris.

Tillage prior and during sowing below seed depth, rotation has no effect.

Anthracnose Colletotrichum lupini

Dark brown lesions containing pink/orange spore masses on stems, pods and occassionally leaves. Lesions cause bending and twisting of stems and pods and occur in crook of bend.

Severe infections can result in severing of stems or total pod abortion resulting in complete crop failure.

Seed borne infection. Spread in crop by rain splash and wind.

Clean seed and machinery, resistant varieties, fungicide seed dressings.

VIRUS DISEASESCMV Cucumber

mosaic virusLeaves are pale, bunched, and down curled with faint mosaic.

Early widespread infection severely reduces yield. Minor infections prevent use of harvested grain as seed.

Seed borne infection in narrow leaf lupin, aphid vectored in crop.

Sow clean seed, use a seed test, high sowing rates and cereal barriers around crops reduce aphid transmission.

BYMV Bean yellow mosaic virus

Brown necrotic streaks as plant dies back from growing point of stem, shepherd crook of stem, pods blackened and flat, leaves yellow, plants wilt and die.

Can be severe in higher rainfall areas, usually transmitted from pasture.

Aphid vectored, many hosts(including pasture legumes), seedborne in L. albus.

High plant density, cereal barrier, control weed and volunteer lupins, avoid sowing adjacent to legume pastures.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Ivan Mock Dodgshun MedlinMary Raynes Pulse AustraliaGeoff Thomas Department of Agriculture and Food, Perth

CHICKPEA

Chickpea


CHICKPEAREVIEW OF 2013

Season Chickpeas emerged well despite the dry start to the season. However, a lack of subsoil moisture, cool conditions in spring and frosts in some regions during October, meant that in many regions yields were below average. It is important to note that chickpeas will generally only set pods when average daily temperatures are above 15°C. Below this temperature pod abortion will occur.

Yields varied across Victoria. Early sown Mallee chickpea crops lacked the subsoil moisture to cope with dry windy conditions in September, and those escaping the October frosts yielded between 1.0 t/ha to 2.5 t/ha. Central and west Wimmera regions recorded the higher chickpea yields from 2.0 to 3.5 t/ha. Central and north east Victoria chickpea crops never recovered from the harsh October frost.

Disease and insectsAscochyta blight was observed in several chickpea crops in Victoria in 2013, due to the conducive winter conditions.Generally the disease was well managed through appropriate fungicide applications and varietal resistance. No major losses of yield or grain quality were observed, however it is important to note that all current varieties are susceptible to ascochyta blight infection on pods and this has the potential to damage seed quality.

Beet western yellows virus affected a small number of crops.

There were reports of some heliothis damage from the high insect populations late in the season.


New varietiesPBA Monarch is an early flowering medium seeded kabuli chickpea, and the first kabuli release from PBA. PBA Monarch is the highest yielding medium sized kabuli chickpea variety. In shorter season chickpea environments, such as the Victorian Mallee, PBA Monarch has yielded similarly to Genesis 090.

PBA Maiden is a large seeded desi chickpea suitable for medium to low rainfall environments and has similar adaptation to PBA Slasher. The angular seed is larger than any current southern desi varieties (28% larger than PBA Slasher) and is suitable for whole seed markets.

Both new varieties are expected to be widely available in 2014 from Seednet.

DiseaseIt remains important that seed used for sowing in 2014 is treated with a fungicide seed dressing to minimise botrytis grey mould and ascochyta blight.

Following the higher incidence of aschochyta blight in 2013 it is important to source seed from a paddock where ascochyta was not detected or was well managed. Select a paddock more than 500 metres away from last year’s chickpea crop. A fungicide seed dressing will be essential to minimise ascochyta blight and botrytis grey mould.

Variety selection should be based on expected ascochyta blight pressure, yield and marketing opportunities, as disease management is critical to success. It is very important to know the ascochyta blight resistance rating for a chosen variety and understand the disease management package associated with growing that variety.

While a number of varieties have improved foliar resistance to ascochyta blight, all chickpea varieties are susceptible to ascochyta pod infection. Varieties with good aschochyta resistance will still require a foliar fungicide application at podding to minimise the risk of seed infection andmaximise quality. Moderately resistant varieties, such as Almaz, require 2-4 strategic fungicide applications to prevent yield loss.

Herbicides and their residues can increase susceptibility to disease. Growers need to consult with cropping advisors to maintain an awareness of the products and rates registered for use on chickpeas and the plant back time for chemicals used previously.

MORE INFORMATION


www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops• Growing chickpea• AG1347 Pulse disease guide• DEPI Crop Disease App for Android and iPhone

www.pulseaus.com.auPulse Australia has detailed information on growing pulses including:• Chickpea disease management strategy

VARIETY DESCRIPTIONSdenotes plant breeders rights apply.


Desi type – AMBAR Limited evaluation has occurred outside Western Australia. Early data indicates good resistance to ascochyta blight and likely to require one fungicide application during podding. Ambar is an early flowering and maturing variety suitable for short season environments. Seed is smaller than Howzat and PBA Slasher but has a uniform grain size and tan-brown colour that assists marketing. Released 2012 (WACPE2136). Heritage Seeds. EPR $4.

Desi type – GENESIS TM 509Has good ascochyta resistance and is likely to require only one fungicide application during podding. Seed is less preferred than Howzat and PBA Slasher. Genesis 509 yields lower than PBA Slasher. It has shown broad adaptation and is suited to both the Wimmera and Mallee regions. Released 2007. Australian Agricultural Crop Technologies. EPR $5.



http://www.depi.vic.gov.au/agriculture-and-food/grains-and-other-crops/crop-production/growing-chickpea




Chickpea


Desi type – HOWZATSusceptible to ascochyta blight and strategic application of fungicides is required. Initially prostrate rather than erect, but standing ability improves towards maturity. Midflowering with tan grain of medium size. Howzat is less susceptible to botrytis grey mould than most current varieties. The variety has excellent adaptation to most chickpea growing regions. Released 2000. Australian Agricultural Crop Technologies.

Desi type – NEELAMLimited evaluation has occurred outside Western Australia. Early data indicates good resistance to ascochyta blight. Mid flowering and mid maturing variety. Seed is smaller than Howzat and PBA Slasher. Released 2012 (WACPE2155). Heritage Seeds. EPR $4.

Desi type – PBA MAIDEN MR to ascochyta blight and when grown in Victoria willrequire at least one fungicide application during the vegetative phase (8-10 weeks after sowing) and an additional spray at podding. Large angular seed size,yellow-tan in colour, is suitable for the whole seed market. PBA Maiden has early-mid flowering and mid maturity. It is susceptible to botrytis grey mould. Growers are advised to investigate delivery and marketing options prior to growing this variety due to its unique and favourable seed characteristics. Released 2013 (CIPAL0717). Good availability for 2014. Seednet. EPR $4.

Desi type – PBA SLASHER Good resistance to foliar infection by ascochyta and is likely to require only one fungicide application during podding. Seed is medium size tan-brown which has excellent milling quality, suitable for both split and whole seed markets. PBA Slasher has mid flowering and maturity. It is susceptible to botrytis grey mould, similar to Genesis TM

varieties. Released 2009. Seednet. EPR $4.

Desi type – PBA STRIKER MR to ascochyta blight and when grown in Victoria will require at least one fungicide application during the vegetative phase (8-10 weeks after sowing), and an additional spray at podding. Excellent adaptation to short season environments due to early flowering and maturity.Medium seed size with excellent milling quality. Released 2012 (CICA0603). Seednet. EPR $4.

Kabuli type – ALMAZ MS to ascochyta blight. Seed size is similar to PBA Monarch (8-9 mm) but smaller than Genesis Kalkee. Yield is lower than PBA Monarch. Almaz will require at least 3 fungicide applications to be successfully grown in Victorian growing conditions. Best adapted to the traditional kabuli growing areas. Released 2005. Seednet. EPR $6.50.

Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 079Good resistance to ascochyta blight, Genesis 079 is likely to only require one fungicide application during podding. It is a high yielding small seeded type (6-7mm) with relatively high yields in short season environments. Genesis 079 is the earliest flowering and maturing kabuli variety available. Released 2009. Australian Agricultural Crop Technologies.EPR $5.

Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 090Genesis 090 has good ascochyta blight resistance and is likely to require only one fungicide application during podding. It has shown wide adaptation and excellent yield stability, including in drier environments. Genesis 090 has a small seed (7-8 mm), approximately 1 mm smaller than that of Almaz and PBA Monarch. It has the potential to be grown as a good alternative to desi chickpeas or as ahigher yielding but lower value alternative (smaller seed) to kabuli’s such as Almaz, PBA Monarch and Genesis Kalkee.Released 2005. Australian Agricultural Crop Technologies.EPR $5.

Kabuli type – GENESIS TM 114MS to ascochyta blight and when grown in Victoria is likely to require strategic fungicide applications (2-4 sprays) throughout the growing season. Seed size is larger than Kaniva (8-9 mm) and has been higher yielding than Almaz and Nafice. Genesis 114 has an erect plant habit and excellent lodging resistance. Released 2010. Australian Agricultural Crop Technologies. EPR $5.

Kabuli type – GENESIS TM KALKEEMS to ascochyta blight and when grown in Victoria is likely to require strategic fungicide applications (2-4 sprays) throughout the growing season. Seed size is larger than Kaniva and Almaz (predominantly 9 mm). Kalkee has an erect plant habit. Released 2012. Australian Agricultural Crop Technologies. EPR $5.

Kabuli type – PBA MONARCH MS to ascochyta blight and when grown in Victoria is likely to require strategic fungicide applications (2-4 sprays) throughout the growing season. Particularly suited to shorter season environments. Medium seed size (8-9 mm) is larger than Genesis 090 and similar to Almaz. Highest yielding medium sized kabuli. A semi-spreading plant similar to PBA Slasher with some susceptibility to lodging particularly when biomass is high. Released 2013. Good availability for 2014. Seednet. EPR $6.50.

Chickpea


Table 1: Chickpea time of sowing guide.This table is a guide only and has been compiled from observations of the breeder and local departmental agronomists.

MALLEE April May June JulyDesiHowzat, Tyson > > X X < <Ambar, Genesis 509, Neelam, PBA Maiden, PBA Slasher, PBA Striker

> X X X X < <

KabuliGenesis 079, Genesis 090 > > X X X X < <Almaz, Genesis 114, PBA Monarch X < <WIMMERA April May June JulyDesiHowzat, Tyson > > X X X <Ambar, Genesis 509, Neelam, PBA Maiden, PBA Slasher, PBA Striker

> X X X X <

KabuliGenesis 079, Genesis 090 > > X X X X X < <Almaz, Genesis 114, Genesis Kalkee, > > X X X <PBA Monarch > > X X <NORTH CENTRAL April May June JulyDesiHowzat, Tyson > X X X X < <Ambar, Genesis 509, Neelam, PBA Maiden, PBA Slasher, PBA Striker

> X X X X X X < <

KabuliGenesis 079, Genesis 090 > > X X X X X < <Almaz, Genesis Kalkee, Genesis 114, PBAMonarch

> X X X X < <


Table 2: Chickpea variety agronomic and disease guide.Variety Ave

100seed

wt (g)

Seed size group

Early growth

Flowering Maturity Height Lodging resitance

Botrytis grey

mould

Ascochyta blight

Foliage /Stem

Ascochyta blightPod

DESIAmbar* 16 small mod early early mid MR S R* SGenesis 509 16 small mod mid early-

midmid MR MS R S

Howzat 20 medium poor-mod

mid mid mid MS MS S S

Neelam* 17 medium mod mid mid mid-tall

MR S R* S

PBA Maiden 24 med-large mod mid mid short-mid

MS S MR S

PBA Slasher 18 medium poor-mod

mid mid short-mid

MS S R S

PBA Striker 22 medium good early early short-mid

MS S MR S

KABULIAlmaz 38 medium mod mid-late late mid-

tallMR S MS S

Genesis 079 24 small good early early short MR S R SGenesis 090 31 small good mid mid-

latemid MR S R S

Genesis 114 38 medium good mid-late late tall R S MS SGenesis Kalkee

45 large good late late tall R S MS S

PBAMonarch

40 medium poor-mod

early early mid MS S MS S

Disease ratings from Pulse Breeding Australia.* There is limited agronomic and disease data collected in Victoria for Ambar and Neelam.R = Resistant, MR = moderately resistant, MS = moderately susceptible, S = susceptible, VS = very susceptible, p = provisional

Chickpea


Table 3: Chickpea disease guide summary.Disease Organism Symptoms Occurrence Hosts ControlAscochyta blight Ascochyta

rabiei.Pale brown lesions on leaves, stems and pods. Lesions may have a grey centre containing small black fruiting bodies. Infected stems wither and break.

Occurs in all regions. Affects both kabuli and desi types. Most severe in spring.

Chickpea. Fungicide seed dressing, foliar fungicides, rotation, avoid susceptible varieties, avoid early sowing.

Grey mould Botrytis cinerea. Poor emergence and death of young plants. Soft rot at the base of the stem. Grey mould growth on leaves, stems and pods. Lodging of plants in dense crops. Discolouration of seed with grey mould.

Occurs in all regions. Affects both kabuli and desi types. Most severe in wet seasons. Dense crops are more likely to be affected.

Chickpea, most pulses, including lentil and faba bean.

Fungicide seed dressings, lower plant densities, avoid early sowing.

Sclerotinia Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Scattered dead plants within a crop. Cottony white fungal growth on the lower stems of dead plants. Soft rot and white mould on stems and pods.

Occurs in all chickpea growing regions. Most severe in wet seasons where chickpea is planted in fields recently cropped to chickpea.

Most pulses, oilseeds and broadleaf weeds.

Crop rotation. (Seed dressings of no benefit.)

Damping-off Pythium spp. Poor crop establishment under wet conditions. Seed rotting in the ground. Sudden death of young seedlings.

Problem in all regions, particularly in soils that become very wet just after sowing. More severe on kabuli than desi chickpea.

Chickpea, most pulses.

Fungicide seed dressings, avoid poorly drained soils.

Phytophthora Phytophthora megasperma.

Plants suddenly wither and die, particularly after waterlogging. Dark brown to black discolouration of the tap root.

Most serious disease in northern Australia. May be a problem in poorly drained soils in southern Australia under wet conditions.

Chickpea, lucerne.

Resistant varieties.

Phoma blight Phoma medicaginis var.pinodella.

Blackening of the stem near ground level. Dark, tan coloured lesions on leaves, stems and pods.

Common in most chickpea growing regions. Most severe in wet seasons.

Most legumes.

Crop rotation.


Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus neglectus.

Ill-thrift, lack of branching of root system, small dark stripes on roots.

Favoured by wheat in rotation with chickpea, medic and vetch.

Wheat, chickpea, medic, vetch, narbon bean.

Crop rotation (predictive soil test available).

VIRUS DISEASESAMV Alfalfa mosaic

virusTip necrosis.The leaves and stems of Desi varieties become red/brown.The leaves and stems of Kabuli varieties turn yellow.

Occurs in all chickpea growing areas.Seasons and districts with major aphid flights.


Virus-free seedResistant varieties

CMV Cucumber mosaic virus

Yellowing, stunting, offshoots.The leaves and stems of Desi varieties become red/brown.The leaves and stems of Kabuli varieties turn yellow.

Prevalent in chickpea growing regions.Seasons and districts with major aphid flights.

Very wide host range, including most pulses, pastures, horticultural crops and weeds

Virus-free seedResistant varieties


Yellowing, stunting, offshoots.The internal tissues of the main stem at the base turn brown.

Occurs in all chickpea growing areas.Seasons and districts with major aphid flights.

Very wide host range, including most pulses, brassicas and weeds

Managing aphids and weeds, resistant varieties

Chickpea


Table 4: Long term predicted Victorian yield data for 2007-2013 expressed as a percentage of the yield of PBA Slasher (Desi) or Genesis 090 (Kabuli). The numbers in brackets indicate the number of site years in that area.

Desi KabuliMallee Wimmera Mallee Wimmera

PBA Slasher (t/ha) 1.46 1.73 Genesis 090 (t/ha) 1.38 1.70Ambar 99 (12) 98 (9)Flipper 80 (4) 88 (3) Almaz 90 (15) 87 (16)Genesis 079 98 (34) 95 (33) Genesis 079 104 (34) 97 (33)Genesis 090 94 (33) 99 (33) Genesis 090 100 (33) 100 (33)Genesis 509 91 (11) 89 (12) Genesis 114 92 (15) 91 (16)Genesis 836 - 91 (6) Genesis 425 - 95 (8)Howzat 91 (9) 84 (10) Genesis Kalkee 92 (15) 94 (16)Neelam 103 (12) 105 (9) PBA Monarch 101 (15) 96 (16)PBA Boundary 94 (6) 95 (9)PBA Hattrick 91 (11) 92 (12)PBA Maiden 98 (20) 96 (17)PBA Slasher 100 (20) 100 (17)PBA Striker 102 (20) 98 (17)Sonali 90 (5) 83 (5)

Table 5: Yield. Desi chickpea, 2013. Expressed as a percentage of the yield of PBA Slasher.Mallee Wimmera

BirchipCuryo (B, C) Rainbow Ultima Horsham (B, C) Kaniva (C) Minyip (B) Tarranyurk

Sowing Date 16/5/13 3/5/13 17/5/13 30/5/13 5/6/13 18/6/13 9/6/13 17/6/13PBA Slasher (t/ha) 0.80 1.42 1.66 1.09 2.51 2.26 0.67 1.67Ambar 111 111 95 84 92 121 130 96Genesis 079 95 100 92 93 94 112 110 81Genesis 090 66 85 95 90 113 104 140 105Genesis 509 - 91 - - 98 - 148 -Genesis 836 - 89 - - 65 - 118 -Howzat - 75 - - 25 - 63 -Neelam 101 108 93 101 103 93 127 113PBA Boundary - 81 - - 70 - 128 -PBA HatTrick - 79 - - 61 - 94 -PBA Maiden 96 93 82 98 89 104 118 99PBA Slasher 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100PBA Striker 123 89 92 106 61 101 106 90

Site Mean (t/ha) 0.84 1.31 1.51 1.08 1.93 2.33 0.76 1.58CV (%) 9 12 11 6 10 7 15 6LSD (%) 15 20 17 10 19 12 26 9B = Breeding trials, C = Caution interpreting data: Horsham high ascochyta pressure meant poor performance by susceptible varieties, Kaniva possible uneven sowing.

Table 6: Yield. Kabuli chickpea, 2013. Expressed as a percentage of the yield of Genesis 090.Mallee Wimmera

Birchip Rainbow Ultima Horsham (B, C) Kaniva (C) Minyip (B) TarranyurkSowing Date 16/5/13 17/5/13 30/5/13 5/6/13 18/6/13 9/6/13 17/6/13Genesis 090 (t/ha) 0.60 1.53 1.07 2.86 2.33 1.22 1.78Almaz 68 94 92 72 101 78 90Genesis 079 135 108 98 78 100 75 81Genesis 090 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Genesis 114 87 103 91 85 97 94 97Genesis 425 - - - 93 - 81 -Genesis Kalkee 98 80 95 50 97 84 96PBA Monarch 150 95 106 71 96 72 93

Site Mean (t/ha) 0.63 1.45 1.04 2.31 2.20 1.03 1.72CV (%) 12 11 7 9 7 11 5LSD (%) 20 18 11 16 12 19 8B = Breeding trials, C = Caution interpreting data: Horsham high ascochyta pressure meant poor performance by susceptible varieties, Kaniva possible uneven sowing.

Chickpea


Table 7: Grain weight (g/100 seeds) in 2013 chickpea trials. Desi Kabuli

Mallee Wimmera Mallee Wimmera

Birchip Rainbow Ultima Kaniva Tarran-yurk Birchip Rainbow Ultima Kaniva Tarran-

yurkAlmaz - - - - - 33.6 37.5 39.1 34.5 37.5Ambar 16.6 15.2 16.5 13.9 18.6 - - - - -Genesis 079 22 25.6 22.5 20.4 27.8 24.7 26.7 26.0 22.8 28.1Genesis 090 26.7 31.4 30.7 27.5 31.6 28.8 32.9 32.4 31.3 32.9Genesis 114 - - - - - 34.3 39.7 40.1 35.1 36.3Genesis Kalkee - - - - - 39.5 45.2 47.7 41.6 47.6

Neelam 18.6 17.7 18 16.4 21.8 - - - - -PBA Maiden 24.2 26.8 25.1 21.4 27.5 - - - - -PBAMonarch - - - - - 40.7 42.4 37.3 36.3 41.4

PBA Slasher 19.9 19.8 18.9 16.7 23.3 - - - - -PBA Striker 23.3 23.0 18.9 18.7 26.6 - - - - -

Table 8: Ascochyta blight management trial* of chickpea varieties grown in an in a high intensity year showing grain yields (t/ha) and gross margins (GM, $/ha). Yield or gross margin are underlined where they are reduced (statistically significant) compared to the yield or gross margin for the fortnightly application. The suggested management option for varieties grown under high disease pressure is shaded.Fungicide regime1

No.sprays Genesis 090 Genesis 509 Almaz Howzat Kaniva

t/ha GM2 t/ha GM2 t/ha GM2 t/ha GM2 t/ha GM2

Fortnight 7 2.19 $1,191 2.01 $383 1.71 $1026 1.82 $320 1.18 $550Strategic 4 2.16 $1,218 2.05 $457 1.37 $790 0.18 -$180 0.00 -$240Podding 1 1.90 $1,019 1.95 $469 0.71 $327 0.04 -$183 0.00 -$195Podding-Dithane 1 1.80 $988 1.87 $443 0.58 $222 0.03 -$183 0.00 -$192Nil 0 1.85 $999 1.91 $469 0.53 $190 0.01 -$176 0.00 -$180*Ascochyta blight stubble spread over trial site to maximise disease pressure. Resistant varieties grown side by side with susceptible varieties.1. Fungicide regime: Chlorothalonil @ 1.5L/ha was used for all treatments except Podding-Dithane @ 1L/ha. All fungicides applied at a water rate of 100L/ha.2. Gross Margin ($/ha): Based on production costs of $180/ha + $15/ha/application where chlorothalonil applied (1.5L/ha) and $12/ha/application where dithane applied (1L/ha). Seed prices: Desi = $350, Kabuli 9mm = $850, 8mm = $750, 7mm = $550, 6mm = $330, Screen = $200). All Kabuli varieties were screened to calculate seed size distribution.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Jason Brand Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamFrank Henry Department of Environment and Primary Industries, HorshamKristy Hobson Department of Primary Industries NSW Mary Raynes Pulse Australia

The Kalkee disease management and gross margin trial (Table 8) was conducted by Jason Brand. All other yield data is from the National Variety Trials and Pulse Breeding Australia.

Bellata 2397 Coolah 2843 Merriwa 2329 Mullaley 2379 North Star 2408 SoMertoN 2340 SpriNg ridge 2343 taMworth 2340 welliNgtoN 2820 woNgarBoN 2831 Bullarah 2400 CooNaMBle 2829 gilgaNdra 2827 gooNuMBla 2870 NyNgaN 2825 parkeS 2870 traNgie 2823 tullooNa 2400 walgett 2832

ariah park 2665 Boorowa 2586 BroCkleSBy 2642 CaNowiNdra 2804 CootaMuNdra 2590 Cowra 2794 Cudal 2864 CuMNoCk 2867 galoNg 2585 gerogery 2642 greNfell 2810 hardeN 2587 heNty 2658 QuaNdialla 2721 teMora 2666 wagga wagga 2650 BalraNald 2715 BeCkoM 2665 Boree Creek 2652 ColeaMBally 2707 CoNdoBoliN 2877 loCkhart 2656 MayruNg 2710 Merriwagga 2652 oaklaNdS 2646 willBriggie 2680 Biloela 4715 Capella 4723 duariNga 4712 kilCuMMiN 4721

SpriNgSure 4722 BrookStead 4364 JoNdaryaN 4401 kiNgSthorpe 4400 MaCaliSter 4406 BuNguNya 4494 dulaCCa 4425 luNdavra 4390 MeaNdarra 4422 MuNgiNdi 2406 NiNdigully 4497 weStMar 4422 CoCkaleeChie 5631 CuMMiNS 5631 greeNpatCh 5607 Mt hope 5607 rudall 5642 uNgarra 5607 waNilla 5607

wharMiNda 5603 yeelaNNa 5632 CryStal Brook 5523 laura 5480 MiNtaro 5415 rivertoN 5412 SalterS SpriNgS 5401 SpaldiNg 5454 tarlee 5411 turretfield 5411 Cooke plaiNS 5261 geraNiuM 5301 laMeroo 5302 NaNgari 5333 palMer 5237 paruNa 5311 piNNaroo 5304 waikerie 5330 waNBi 5310 wuNkar 5311

BordertowN 5268 CoNMurra 5272 fraNCeS 5262 keith 5267 Moyhall 5271 MuNdulla 5270 Sherwood 5267 wolSeley 5269 darke peak 5642 elliStoN 5670 kiMBa 5641 loCk 5633 MiNNipa 5654 MitChellville 5602 NuNJikoMpita 5680 peNoNg 5690 piedNippie 5680 Streaky Bay 5680 tooligie 5607 warraMBoo 5650

arthurtoN 5572 BreNtwood 5575 Bute 5560 MaitlaNd 5573 MiNlatoN 5575 paSkeville 5552 port CliNtoN 5570 uraNia 5573 warooka 5577 willaMulka 5554 wokurNa 5520 CreSSy 7302 BirChip 3483 hopetouN 3396 MaNaNgataNg 3546 MerriNee 3496 Murrayville 3512 QuaMBatook 3540 raiNBow 3424 ultiMa 3544

walpeup 3507 BalliaNg 3340 CharltoN 3525 ColBiNaBBiN 3559 diggora 3561 eaStville 3463 MitiaMo 3573 dookie 3646 ruthergleN 3685 wuNghNu 3635 yarrawoNga 3730 haMiltoN 3300 StreathaM 3351 teeSdale 3328 BriM 3391 CoraCk 3480 horShaM 3400 kaNiva 3419 MiNyip 3392 tarraNyurk 3414

woNwoNdah 3401 BadgiNgarra 6521 CarNaMah 6517 eradu 6532 MiNgeNew 6522 Morawa 6623 NaBawa 6532 ogilvie 6535 walkaway 6528 BadgiNgarra 6521 Beverley 6304 BiNNu 6532 BuNtiNe 6613 CaliNgiri 6569 Coorow 6515 CorrigiN 6375 CuNderdiN 6407 eNeaBBa 6518 eradu 6532 gooMalliNg 6460

kataNNiNg 6317 kuliN 6365 MiliNg 6575 MiNgeNew 6522 NareMBeeN 6369 piNgelly 6308 wagiN 6315 wiCkepiN 6370 woNgaN hillS 6603 woNgaN hillS r.S. 6603 arthur river 6315 Coorow 6515 fraNklaNd 6396 gNowaNgerup 6335 keNdeNup 6323 koJoNup 6395 Mt. Barker 6324 Mullewa 6630 NarrogiN 6312

NyaBiNg 6341 piNgrup 6343 toodyay 6566 williaMS 6391 york 6302 arthur river 6315 BeNCuBBiN 6477 Cadoux 6466 dalwalliNu 6609 kataNNiNg 6317 kellerBerriN 6410 MerrediN 6415 MooriNe roCk 6425 MukiNBudiN 6479 Mullewa 6630 piNgelly 6308 pithara 6608 wyalkatCheM 6485 yuNa 6532

graSS patCh 6446 holt roCk 6355 hydeN 6359 JerraMuNgup 6337 lake graCe 6353 Mt. MaddeN 6356 SalMoN guMS 6445 SCaddaN 6447 witteNooM hillS 6447 woNgaN hillS 6603 eSperaNCe 6450 giBSoN 6448 MuNgliNup 6450 Newdegate 6355 hydeN 6359 MerrediN 6415 eSperaNCe 6450

www.nvtonline.com.au

We’ve done the track Work for you

your variety form guide

NVT.A4ad_Sep13.indd 1 25/09/13 4:25 PM



Date post:	28-May-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	dinhnhi
View:	216 times
Download:	0 times

Victorian Winter Crop Summary Winter Crop Summary 2014 3 INTRODUCTION THE WINTER CROP SUMMARY This...

Documents