Name : Mihika ShahRoll No: 09BIT059

• The word ‘surveillance’ means to observe a specific area or to monitor the activities of individual or a group.

• It is very useful to the government to maintain social control, monitor and recognize threats, and investigate criminal activity.

Surveillance

History

• The first CCTV system was installed by Siemens AG at Test Stand VII to observe the launching of rockets. And later on, it was used for observing public area.

• During 1990, digital multiplexing allowed more than one camera to record at once which has increased the use of CCTV.

• It was commonly used in Banks to record the evidence of criminal activity.

Manual Surveillance

• Impractical

•Very costly

• Lack of attention

• needs situational awareness

Video Surveillance Automation

• Have computers catch the video

• More channels can be used by buying more servers and licenses.

• Cheaper than the manual surveillance

• People still have to deal with alarms

Analog CCTV Camera Architecture

Components of Analog CCTV Cameras

1. Camera- starting point of the CCTV systems- night vision technology based cameras are used for low light conditions.

2. Monitor- Operators view footage from central location on the monitor.- dedicated monitor : display video from a single camera- call up monitor : access multiple cameras at the same video

( Contd…)

3. Cable- coaxial cable : for transmitting video footage from cameras- expensive and difficult to install

4. DVR ( Digital Video Recorder )- Convert the analog footage to digital which

extends the storage capacity- makes it easy to search archived footage- allows users to stream video over a network for

remote viewing from multiple locations.

Types of CCTV Camera

1. Fixed Cameras

- points in a single direction- monitors specific area of interest- mostly installed in clearly visible areas- effective in capturing footage of suspicious activity- direction of camera is set during installation

2. PTZ Cameras ( Pan Tilt Zoom Cameras )

- ideal for wide-area surveillance - gives the ability to remotely control pan, tilt, and

zoom functions to follow activity and to zoom in for detailed monitoring- an area where analog CCTV cameras fall behind their IP camera counterparts.

Advantages of analog CCTV

Lower initial cost - In most cases, analog cameras cost less up front than IP network cameras.-Analog cameras tend to handle low-light situations better than IP cameras on average

Wide-spread compatibility - Mixing and matching camera models and surveillance equipment from different manufacturers is easy with an analog CCTV setup.

Disadvantages of analog CCTV

Expensive cabling - For large-scale surveillance applications, analog cameras require complicated cabling schemes that can be quite expensive and also challenging to install.

Limited features - Many of the advanced features now available with IP cameras (for instance: megapixel resolution, digital zoom, and video analytics), aren't available in analog CCTV models.

IP BASED CAMERA

IP CAMERA ARCHITECTURE

1. IP Camera - Front part of the system - Available with different levels of image quality.

2. Network Video Recorder ( NVR )- a very crucial component of IP system- responsible for video monitoring, event management and storage- various compression techniques are used to optimize the storage like MPEG-4

(Contd…)

3. Power over Ethernet ( PoE ) - With PoE, data transmissions from the camera and power to the camera are all relayed through a single Ethernet cable - allows the installation of a camera in such area where power outlets are not available

4. Image sensor(i) CCD ( Charge Coupled Device ) :

- specially used for low light situation as they are very sensitive

- more expensive than others- consumes 100 times more power than

CMOS sensor

(Contd…)

(ii) CMOS (Complimentary metal oxide semiconductor) - produces high resolution images - uses less power than CCD

5. Monitor- placed at central location to view a footage

- can be used to view the footage from single camera or multiple cameras

(Contd…)

ADVANTAGES OF IP CAMERA

• Flexibility: It can be moved anywhere in the IP network • high resolution of the captured images•Encryption and authentication : transmission of data is done through encryption• Remote access : cameras can be viewed from any computer anywhere in the world• PoE : Cameras can operate without additional power. PoE protocol is used to feed them through internet cable

DISADVANTAGES OF IP CAMERA

• Higher initial price for the camera• Lack of standards : various IP camera can encode the video differently• Technical barrier : Installation of IP camera, router requires a technician who knows CCTV technology• System becomes open to hackers via internet.

How to configure IP Camera???

Ethernet cable is inserted in the camera D- 6670

Charger is plugged in the camera

Antenna is plugged in as it is a wireless camera

To install the software, play the CD of the camera. The screen will be displayed as above

Then it will ask for the IP address, subnet mask, default router. And for the wireless camera, SSID, encoding key are to be set.

Application of Video Surveillance

• Airports• Railway Station• Military• Retails• Government• Home and residential• Industrial• Entertainment• Healthcare

Farm Surveillance

Video surveillance can help ensure farm operations run smoothly, making certain that consumers receive a safe quality product in the end, while protecting animals, equipment and facilities from harm and misuse.

COBRA 90 Day and Night Camera

BENEFITS OF FARM SURVEILLANCE

• Monitor for intruders• Protect for water supply• Prevent break-ins• Prevent theft• Monitor daily operation• Employee monitoring• Remote playback and monitoring

References1.

http://www.videosurveillance.com/cctv-technology/intro-to-cctv.asp

2. http://www.wikipedia.com/surveillance

3. Stephen Russo, Director of Security and Privacy Technology, IBM Corporation : Digital Video Surveillance

4. http://homeowner.hubpages.com/hub/Video-surveillance-cameras-for-farms-and-agriculture

5. http://www.videosurveillance.com/farms.asp

(Contd…)

6. http://www.farmcameras.com/

Thank you