Virtual Conference on "Materials for Energy Harvesting and Catalysis" Event Dates: May 1-3, 2020; Event Address: Virtual using Zoom
Convener: Prof. Vivek Polshettiwar (TIFR, Mumbai, [email protected]) and Prof. Sayan Bhattacharyya (IISER, Kolkata, [email protected])
S.No. Name Email Institute Supervisor Title
1st May 2020 Morning Session-1
11.00-11.30 am Inauguration
11.30 to 12.00 noon Manisha
Samanta
manisha.samanta001
@gmail.com
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for
Advanced Scientific Research
(JNCASR), Bangalore
Prof. Kanishka
Biswas
Topological Quantum Materials for
Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
12.00 to 12.30 pm Ayan Maity withayan2011
@gmail.com
Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research (TIFR) Mumbai
Prof. Vivek
Polshettiwar
Amorphous ZeolitocNanosponges for Catalysis,
Plastic Degradation and CO2 to Fuel Conversion
1st May 2020 Afternoon Session-2
4.00 to 4.30 pm Amrita
Chakraborty
om
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Chennai
Prof. T.
Pradeep
Atomically precise nanocluster assemblies
encapsulating plasmonic gold nanorods
4.30 to 5:00 pm Samim Hassan cyz148057@chemistr
y.iitd.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Delhi
Prof. Sameer
Sapra
Molybdenum Diselenide based
Nanoheterostructures for Catalytic and
Optoelectronic Applications
5:00 to 5.30 pm Ajay Kumar lovechem9022@gm
ail.com
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Mandi
Prof. Venkata
Krishnan
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Au
Nanostars Decorated on Two Dimensional
Carbonaceous Nanosheets: Role of Plasmon
Induced Hot Electron Generation
2nd May 2020 Morning Session-3
11.00-11.30 am Rahul Majee rahulmajee1991@gm
ail.com
Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER)
Kolkata
Prof. Sayan
Bhattacharyya
Flattening the Perovskite with Redox Flip-flop
Surface
11.30 to 12.00 noon Ritesh Kant
Gupta
ritesh110990@gmail.
com
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Guwahati
Prof.
Parameswar
Iyer
Engineering Polymer and Perovskite to Achieve
High Performance and Stable Solar Cells
12.00 to 12.30 pm Vikash Kumar Ravi
vikashkumar.ravi@st
udents.iiserpune.ac.i
n
Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER)
Pune
Prof.
Angshuman
Nag
Stable Perovskite Semiconductors: From Halides
to Chalcogenides
2nd May 2020 Afternoon Session-4
Virtual Conference on "Materials for Energy Harvesting and Catalysis" Event Dates: May 1-3, 2020; Event Address: Virtual using Zoom
Convener: Prof. Vivek Polshettiwar (TIFR, Mumbai, [email protected]) and Prof. Sayan Bhattacharyya (IISER, Kolkata, [email protected])
4.00 to 4.30 pm Ranjith P. [email protected]
c.in
Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER)
Thiruvananthapuram
Prof. M. M.
Shaijumon
Controllable Synthesis of Phosphorene
Nanostructures for Efficient Electrocatalysis
4.30 to 5:00 pm Palak [email protected] Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER)
Bhopal
Prof. Amit Paul Functionalized graphene for different energy
applications
5:00 to 5.30 pm Anku Guha
m
Tata Institute of Fundamental
Research (TIFR) Hyderabad
Prof. T N
Narayanan
Role of 'Water-in-Salt' Type Electrolytes in
Tuning Hydrogen evolution reaction
3rd May 2020 Morning Session-5
11.00-11.30 am Jayeeta Saha [email protected]
om
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Bombay, Mumbai
Prof. C.
Subramaniam
Magnetic tuning of electrocatalytic interface for
sustained kinetic enhancement of hydrogen
evolution
11.30 to 12.00 noon Sriram Kumar Bhabha Atomic Research
Centre (BARC), Mumbai
Dr. A. K. Satpati Kinetic Study of the photocharged Co-Bi
modified BiVO4 for PEC water oxidation
12.00 to 12.30 pm Gunjan Purohit gunjanp2503@gmail.
com
University of Delhi, India Prof. Diwan S.
Rawat
Sustainable synthesis of nanomaterial:
Application for one pot multicomponent
reactions.
3rd May 2020 Afternoon Session-6
4.00 to 4.30 pm Ajit Kumar kumarajitiitkgp@gm
ail.com
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Bombay, Mumbai
Prof. Sagar
Mitra
Room Temperature Sodium-Sulfur Batteries
4.30 to 5:00 pm Mukesh Kumar 2017cyz0004@iitrpr.
ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Ropor
Prof.
Tharamani C.N.
Poly(ionic liquid)–zinc polyoxometalate composite
as a cathode for high-performance
lithium–sulfur batteries
5:00 to 5.30 pm Tisita Das [email protected] Indian Institute of Technology
(IIT) Indore
Prof. Sudip
Chakraborty
Towards Efficient Inorganic Catalysis: A
Computational Roadmap
3rd May 2020 Award Session-7
6.30 to 7.30 pm Student Debate: “Is India Ready to Combat Climate Change: A Man made Virus? Why Research in Indian Labs are not Translated to
Industry? Why Research Students in India don’t Start-Up any Company?
7.30 to 7.45 pm Award Ceremony (top-5)
Topological Quantum Materials for Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
Manisha Samanta,1 Koushik Pal,2 Umesh V. Waghmare,2 and Kanishka Biswas1* 1New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore 560064, India. 2Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore India. *Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Topological quantum materials, TQM (e.g. topological insulators, topological crystalline insulators and topological
semimetals), characterized by their nontrivial electronic surface states, have created a sensation in designing new
thermoelectric (TE) materials.1 Underlying reason for TQM being a source of potential candidates for TE is ascribed to the
fact that both TQM and TE materials demand similar material features such as the presence of heavy constituent elements,
narrow band gap and strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In our recent work, we have studied TE properties with detailed
understanding of structure property relationship of few intriguing TQM with layered hetero-structure from (Bi2)m(Bi2X3)n
(x = Se/Te; m,n - integer) homologous family (Figure 1a).2,3 We have reported realization of ultralow lattice thermal
conductivity, κlat and high n-type thermoelectric performance in BiSe, a weak topological insulator (WTI) from
(Bi2)m(Bi2Se3)n homologous family.4 Detailed investigations of various aspects of the structure and lattice dynamics through
measurements of low temperature heat capacity and first-principles density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations,
indicates localized vibrations of Bi-bilayer is responsible for the unusually low κlat of ~ 0.5 – 0.9 W/mK in BiSe (Figure
1b).4 Recently, we have demonstrated simultaneous occurrence of intrinsically low κlat of ~ 0.5-0.8 W/mK (Figure 1b) and
high carrier mobility, µ of ~ 500 -707 cm2/Vs in n-type BiTe, facilitated by its unique dual topological quantum phases.5
BiTe being a WTI hosts layered hetero-structure and hence it exhibits low κlat; while BiTe, being a TCI with metallic surface
states, possess high μ. This present results pave way to look for unconventional topological quantum materials for efficient
TE materials.5
Figure 1. (a) Crystal structure of BiX (X = Se/Te); cyan and yellow colour represents Bi atom of Bi2X3 and Bi2 layer respectively, violet colour represents chalcogen atoms. (b) κlat of BiSe and BiTe samples along different spark plasma sintering directions.
References
(1) Roychowdhury, S., Samanta, M., Banik, A. & Biswas, K. J. Solid State Chem. 275, 103 (2019). (2) Lind, H., Lidin, S. & Häussermann, U. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 72, 184101 (2005). (3) Sharma, P. A., Sharma, A. L. L., Medlin, D. L., Morales, A. M., Yang, N., Barney, M., He, J., Drymiotis, F., Turner, J. &
Tritt, T. M. Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 83, 235209 (2011). (4) Samanta, M., Pal, K., Pal, P., Waghmare, U. V. & Biswas, K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 5866 (2018). (5) Samanta, M., Pal, K., Waghmare, U. V. & Biswas, K. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 59, 4822 (2020).
(a)
(b)
-40 -20 0 20 40
0
50
100
150
200
Phase (
o)
dc bias (V)
25V
30V
35V
(c)
Amorphous Zeolitic Nanosponges for Catalysis, Plastic Degradation and CO2 to Fuel
Conversion
Ayan Maity,1 Sachin Chaudhari,2 Jeremy J. Titman,2 and Vivek Polshettiwar1* 1Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India 2School of Chemistry, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK Email: [email protected], [email protected]
The synthesis of solid acids with strong zeolite-like acidity and textural properties like amorphous aluminosilicates (ASAs)
is still a challenge.1 In this work, we report the synthesis and application of a new class of material, called “Acidic
Amorphous Aluminosilicates (AmZe)”, which possesses Brønsted acidic sites like in zeolites and textural properties like
ASAs. This was achieved by controlling the hydrolysis and condensation reaction kinetics between silica (tetraethyl
orthosilicate) and alumina (aluminum acetylacetonate) precursors in a bicontinuous microemulsion template2-5. The synergy
between strong acidity and accessibility was reflected in the fact that AmZe catalyzed eight different catalytic processes
(styrene oxide ring-opening, vesidryl synthesis, Friedel−Crafts alkylation, jasminaldehyde synthesis, m-Xylene
isomerization and cumene cracking) which all require strong acidic sites and larger pore sizes, with better performance than
state-of-the-art zeolites and amorphous aluminosilicates. Notably, AmZe efficiently converted a range of waste plastics to
hydrocarbons at significantly lower temperatures. A Cu-Zn-Al/AmZe hybrid showed excellent performance for CO2 to fuel
conversion with 79% selectivity for dimethyl ether. The catalytic activity and selectivity of AmZe was then investigated by
conventional and DNP-enhanced solid-state NMR to provide molecular-level understanding of the distinctive Brønsted
acidic sites of these materials.
References
1. Corma, A., Iborra, S. & Velty, A. Chem. Rev. 107, 2411–2502 (2007). 2. Maity, A., Belgamwar, R. & Polshettiwar, V. Nature Prot. 14, 2177−2204 (2019). 3. Maity, A. & Polshettiwar, V. ChemSusChem 10, 3866−3913 (2017). 4. Choi, M., Cho, H. S., Srivastava, R., Venkatesan, C., Choi, D. & Ryoo, R. Nat. Mater. 5, 718–723 (2006). 5. Maity, A., Das, A., Sen, D., Mazumder, S. & Polshettiwar, V. Langmuir 33, 13774−13782 (2017).
Atomically Precise Nanocluster Assemblies Encapsulating Plasmonic Gold Nanorods
Amrita Chakraborty,1 Ann Candice Fernandez,1 Anirban Som,1 Biswajit Mondal,1 Ganapati Natarajan,1 Ganesan Paramasivam,1 Tanja Lahtinen,2 Hannu Häkkinen,2 Nonappa,3* and Thalappil Pradeep1*
1DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India. 2Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9, FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. 3Departments of Applied Physics and Bioproducts & Biosystems, Aalto University, Puumiehenkuja 2, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland. Email: [email protected], [email protected]
We present the self-assembled structures of atomically precise, ligand-protected noble metal nanoclusters leading to
encapsulation of plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs). Unlike highly sophisticated DNA nanotechnology, our approach
demonstrates a strategically simple hydrogen bonding-directed self-assembly of nanoclusters leading to octahedral
nanocrystals encapsulating GNRs. Specifically, we use the p-mercaptobenzoic acid (pMBA) protected atomically precise
nanocluster, Na4[Ag44(pMBA)30] and pMBA functionalized GNRs. High resolution transmission and scanning transmission
electron tomographic reconstructions suggest that the geometry of the GNR surface is responsible for directing the assembly
of silver nanoclusters via H-bonding leading to octahedral symmetry. Further, use of water dispersible gold nanoclusters,
Au~250(pMBA)n and Au102(pMBA)44 also formed layered shells encapsulating GNRs. Such cluster assemblies on colloidal
particles present a new category of precision hybrids with diverse possibilities.
References
1. I. Chakraborty, T. Pradeep, Chem.Rev. 117, 8208–8271 (2017). 2. Nonappa, T. Lahtinen, J. S. Haataja, T. R. Tero, H. Häkkinen, O. Ikkala, Angew.Chem.Int.Ed. 55, 16035–16038
(2016). 3. L. Zhao, T. Ming, H. Chen, Y. Liang, J. Wang, Nanoscale 3, 3849 (2011). 4. D. Nepal, L. F. Drummy, S. Biswas, K. Park, R. A. Vaia, ACS Nano 7(10), 9064–9074 (2013). 5. A. Som, I. Chakraborty, T. A. Maark, S. Bhat, T. Pradeep, Adv.Mater.28, 2827–2833 (2016).
Molybdenum Diselenide based Nanoheterostructures for Catalytic and Optoelectronic Applications Md. Samim Hassan,1 Pooja Basera,2 Susnata Bera,1 Soniya Gahalawat,1 Pravin P. Ingole,1 Samit Kumar Ray,3 Saswata Bhattacharya,2 Sameer Sapra1* 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 2Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 3Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal,
721302
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides have made a smooth entry into the elite class of materials due to the perfect amalgamation of unique and tunable material properties such as quantum-well structures with broad range of indirect to direct band gap crossover, thickness dependent band transitions, in-plane charge carrier mobility, high specific surface area, and enhanced spin-orbit coupling. We have synthesized defect-rich MoSe2 nanosheets and used them as electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction and counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells. We have utilized these defects for designing nanoheterostructures with different materials for catalytic and photonic device applications. Lattice matched heterostructures have been grown epitaxially and also it has been possible to combine materials with completely different lattice structures by means of bifunctional ligands. Defect-passivated synthetic route was developed for the design of MoSe2−Cu2S nanoheterostructures, where Cu2S islands grow vertically on top of the defect sites present on the MoSe2 surface, thereby forming a vertical p−n junction having plasmonic characteristics. A number of applications such as oxygen evolution reaction, hydrogen evolution reaction, quantum-dot sensitized solar cell, and photodetector have been attempted with this nanoheterostructures. MoSe2−CsPbBr3 nanoheterostructures have been synthesized using a bifunctional ligand, i.e., 4-aminothiophenol. Due to the formation of a donor-bridge-acceptor system, an efficient shuttling of charge carriers is occurred at the interfaces, which is also reflected in photocurrent measurement in photodiode configuration.
References:
1. Hassan, M.S., Basera, P., Bera, S., Mittal M., Ray, S.K., Bhattacharya, S., Sapra, S. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 7317−7325 (2020)
2. Hassan, M.S., Sapra, S. Materials Today Proceeding (10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.170) (2020) 3. Hassan, M.S., Bera S., Gupta, D., Ray, S.K., Sapra, S. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 4074–4083
(2019). 4. Hassan, M. S., Jana, A., Gahlawat, S., Bhandary, N., Bera, S., Ingole, P. P., Sapra, S. Bull. Mater.
Sci. 42, 74 (2019).
Development of Integrated Technologies for Conversion of Industrial waste
CO2 to MeOH & other Value-added chemicals via Thermochemical Route:
Translation from Academic to Industry
Arjun Cherevotan,1,2 Jithu Raj1,2 and Sebastian C. Peter1,2*
1New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur,
Bangalore-560064 2School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur,
Bangalore-560064
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Two most imminent scientific and technological problems that the mankind is facing now, is that of
energy and climate. The energy production and utilization in modern society is mostly based on the
combustion of carbonaceous fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas the combustion of which
produces CO2, which alters earth’s carbon cycle. 30 billion of tons of CO2 per year get emitted globally
as waste from the carbonaceous fuel burning and industrial sector, which if converted to valuable
chemicals have the potential to change the economy of the world. We, in our lab are trying to address
both issues and are keen upon translating our innovative technologies from the lab to the industrial and
commercial scale. We are capturing CO2 from industrial flue stream (of any composition) and
thermo-catalytically converting it to value added chemicals/fuels methanol, carbon-monoxide, methane,
dimethyl ether, C2-C5 & C5-C11 gasoline hydrocarbons. The end to end technology comprises
innovations in catalyst synthesis, reactor designs, hydrogen generation and product purification. MeOH
is one of the most attractive conversion product in the thermo-catalytic pathway which could not be
commercially realized yet due to problems of low catalytic conversion, limited conversion, energy
efficiency of the technology and most importantly high cost of hydrogen. Catalyst design is at the heart
of all these technologies and we are developing customized catalysts and reactor systems for targeted
product conversions as per the need of different industries. The catalysts have been synthesized through
extensive structure property relation study corroborating with 1st Principle DFT calculations. Advanced
CFD calculations are used to design energy efficient reactor systems. Nano structuring in the group 13
elements doped CZZ systems showed highly enhanced conversion and methanol selectivity. At present
we are scaling up the end-to-end process, the success of which might lead to opening of new directions
in CO2 conversion technology.
References 1. Peter, S. C. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 1557-1561 (2018).
2. Roy, S. Cherevotan, A. Peter & S. C. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 1938-1966 (2018).
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Au Nanostars Decorated on Two Dimensional
Carbonaceous Nanosheets: Role of Plasmon Induced Hot Electron Generation
Ajay Kumar, Priyanka Choudhary, Kamlesh Kumar, Ashish Kumar and Venkata Krishnan*
School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Materials Research Center, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Mandi
175075, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Email: [email protected]
For efficient utilization of solar energy in photocatalytic application, rational design and development of photocatalysts is
of paramount importance. The conventional problem of low light absorption, poor charge carrier separation and their
transfer in photocatalytic materials is the main bottleneck of this process.1-3 However, plasmonic energy conversion has
emerged as an attractive alternative to address these issues. The generation of hot electrons in plasmonic nanostructures
can play an important role in boosting the photocatalytic performance of semiconductor materials. In this work, Au
nanostars (Au NST) have been decorated on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) and reduced graphene oxide
(RGO) 2D-2D nanosheets and their photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of organic pollutants and organic
reactions has been demonstrated under visible light illumination.4 The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the synthesized
nanocomposites towards both the applications could be attributed to surface plasmon resonance of Au NST and efficient
promotion of charge carriers’ separation and transfer due to the formation of Au NST-GCN-RGO interfacial contacts.
Finally, plausible mechanisms to explain the role of the photocatalyst for both the applications has been proposed. This
work could provide physical insights for future development of plasmon-enhanced photocatalysts.
References
1. Kumar, A., Reddy, K.L., Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, V., Krishnan, V., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 15565-15581
(2018).
2. Reddy, K.L., Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Krishnan, V., J. Hazard. Mater. 367, 694-705 (2019).
3. A., Kumar, K., Krishnan, V., Mater. Lett. 245, 45-48 (2019).
4. Kumar, A., Choudhary, P., Kumar, K., Ashish, K., and Krishnan, V., Manuscript submitted (2020).
Flattening the Perovskite with Redox Flip-flop Surface Rahul Majee, Quazi Arif Islam, Surajit Mondal and Sayan Bhattacharyya*
Department of Chemical Sciences, and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur - 741246, India *Email for correspondence: [email protected] Flattening any ABO3 type perovskite into atomically thin two-dimensional nanosheets is an arduous task and in
this line A-site ordered BaPrMn1.75Co0.25O5+ (BPMC-0.25, = 0.06-0.17) double perovskite oxide has been
chemically metamorphosed into 4.1 nm thick nanosheets (NSs) with 5 unit cells stacked along c-axis. Secondly
the precise reversible alterations of the catalyst structure during redox processes is seldom observed and often
overlooked. By X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy we have demonstrated such a flip-flop
structural reversibility at this NS surface while catalyzing the successive oxygen evolution and reduction
reactions (OER/ORR). The overall approach has larger implications as a bifunctional electrocatalyst at the air-
electrode of metal-air batteries and fuel cells. Our studies show that the oxygen deficient PrOx terminated layer
at the NS surface has flexible oxygen coordination of Pr3+ ions that promotes the redox processes. Under small
reversible electrochemical bias, PrO1.8 phase appear and disappear reciprocally at the NS surface, due to the
intake and release of oxygen, respectively. Although the underlying B-site cations are well-known active sites,
this is the first demonstration of A(Pr3+)-site cation influencing the activity by reversibly altering its oxygen
coordination. Furthermore to alleviate the limitations of electronic conductivity, the p-type BPMC-0.25 NSs are
engineered at room temperature with n-type nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotube (NCNT) that show
significant enhancement in bifunctional oxygen electrocatalytic activity. The optimization of donor level by
charge transfer from the perovskite to NCNT is demonstrated to be a prodigious approach to facilitate the redox
oxygen activation. Proof of concept rechargeable Zn-air battery with BPMC containing 10wt% NCNT cathode
demonstrates the highest specific discharge capacity of 789.2 mA.h/gZn and cyclic stability for at least 85h at
current density of 5 mA/cm2.
Figure 1: (Left to right) TEM image of BPMC-0.25 NSs; Crystal structure representation of the structural
reversibility; Spatially connected NS/NCNT p-n heterojunction; Charge transfer to facilitate the redox oxygen
activation.
Engineering Polymer and Perovskite to Achieve High Performance and Stable
Solar Cells
Ritesh Kant Gupta1, Rabindranath Garai,2 Mohammad Adil Afroz,2 Parameswar Krishnan Iyer,1,2* 1Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India 2Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract: There has been an enormous increase in energy demand and use of the conventional energy
sources escalate environmental pollution further. This has increased the mandate for the exploration of
renewable energy sources. Solar energy is one of the most promising sources for the obvious fact that it
will be available for generations. Materials for absorbing the wavelength near infrared regions have already
been developed. Now the challenge remains to produce these materials in large scale at a very low cost and
thereafter large area stable devices for photovoltaic application has to be developed. Here, the microwave
synthesis of conjugated polymers for achieving high performance solar cell will be covered. Using this
technique large scale polymers can be synthesized with negligible batch to batch variation in few minutes.
Later, this material was further used to enhance the performance of the solar cell by a newly developed
device engineering with efficiency > 9%.
Nowadays, perovskite materials have also grown potential in the field of photovoltaics as the efficiency has
crossed 25%. Still, stability of the solar cell developed using perovskite materials remains a big challenge.
The reason for low stability of such devices are ion migration and moisture sensitivity which leads to trap
states. Here, the trap states passivation will be conveyed which not only increased the solar cell stability,
but also displayed enhanced performance of ~ 19%.
Stable Perovskite Semiconductors: From Halides to Chalcogenides
Vikash Kumar Ravi,1 Sajid Saikia,1 Shivam Yadav,1 Vaibhav Nawale,1 Parikshit Rajput,1 Seong
Hoon Yu,2 Dae Sung Chung2 and Angshuman Nag1*
1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER Pune), Pune,
India. 2Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),
Pohang, Korea.
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Lead halide perovskites have attracted tremendous research interest because of their extraordinary
optoelectronic properties. However, intrinsic instability of lead halide perovskites because of their ionic
nature still remains a major problem that needs to be tackled. Here, I will first discuss about how we
stabilized the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals against external environment by having a shell of ZnS around it.
The CsPbBr3/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals shows about 15 times increase in luminescence lifetime along
with ehnanced water and photostability. These types of core/shell structure will find its application for
more stable LEDs and photocatalysis.
Secondly, I will discuss about the chalcogenide perovskites, which are inherently more stable than its
halide counterparts. We have explored one such BaZrS3 chalcogenide perovskite nanocrystals having a
direct bandgap of 1.9 eV. These nanocrystals were synthesized by solid state synthesis having size of
around 50 to 60 nm and shows enhanced water and thermal stability. One problem that hindered the use
of these chalcogenide perovskites in thin film device fabrication is the lack of solution processability.
We have modified the surface of BaZrS3 nanocrystals to obtain colloidal dispersion, which was then
used for making field effect transistors (FET). The FET shows ambipolar properties with hole mobility
0.048 cm2V-1s-1 and electron mobility 0.017 cm2V-1s-1. This first report of solution processed
chalcogenide perovskite thin film with reasonable carrier mobility and strong optical absorption and
emission, is expected to pave the way for future optoelectronic devices of chalcogenide perovskites.
Halide perovskite:
Stability by surface modificationChalcogenide perovskite:
Inherently stable
Controllable Synthesis of Phosphorene Nanostructures for Efficient
Electrocatalysis Ranjith Prasannachandran,1 T. V. Vineesh1 and M. M. Shaijumon*1
1School of Physics, IISER Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala,
695551, India
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Black phosphorus (BP), a unique 2D layered material, has generated considerable excitement in the rapidly
emerging field of 2D layered materials.[1] With its interesting physico-chemical properties, few-layered
black phosphorus has recently been explored as a promising electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction
(HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Controllable synthesis of mono/few-layered phosphorene
nanostructures with large number of electrocatalytically active sites and exposed surface area is important
to achieve significant enhancement in their electrocatalytic activity. Further, engineering BP through
various strategies such as functionalization, making heterostructures with transition metal dichalcogenides,
etc, have been shown to improve the electrocatalytic activity towards overall water splitting process. In this
work, we demonstrate a novel strategy for controlled synthesis and in situ surface functionalization of
phosphorene quantum dots (PQDs) using a single step electrochemical exfoliation process. The presence
of nitrogen containing groups enhances electro-catalytic activity for OER with exceptional stability.[2]
Further, we attempt to design strategies to fabricate 0D/2D heterostructures of few-layered phosphorene
and MoS2 nanosheets, under ambient condition, which exhibit bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for HER
and OER. The obtained results clearly illustrate the advantages of our unique approach, which will be
discussed along with some of the challenges faced in terms of material stability and scalability towards
realizing an overall water splitting system.
References
[1] A. Carvalho, M. Wang, X. Zhu, A. S. Rodin, H. Su, A. H. Castro Neto, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2016, 1, 16061.
[2] R. Prasannachandran, T. V. Vineesh, A. Anil, B. M. Krishna, M. M. Shaijumon, ACS Nano 2018, 12, 11511–11519.
Functionalized graphene for different energy applications
Palak,1 Chanderpratap Singh, Irin Cherian, Midhula Wilson and Amit Paul* 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Bhopal, India Email: [email protected], [email protected] Graphene has been extensively investigated in the field of energy storage and conversion because of its excellent electrical,
mechanical, and thermal properties. This “Wonder Material” exhibits high surface area, mesoporous characteristics along
with high intrinsic mobility and excellent electrical conductivity which makes graphene a promising material for adsorption,
fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor applications.1,2 The horizon of graphene-based nanomaterials can be further expanded
by modifying its chemical structure. Herein, I will present two works wherein graphene’s chemical structure has been
modified for different energy applications. The first work demonstrates synthesis of a conducting frame with sp2 and sp3
characteristics via thermal activation3 of a reduced graphene admixed with charcoal. The resulting nanomaterial possessed
exceptional long range-short range ordered morphology, excellent electrical conductivity, high surface area and ultra-
microporous structural properties. Owing to the unique characteristics, this nanomaterial demonstrated 534 F/g specific
capacitance at 0.2 A/g current density in 2 M H2SO4 electrolyte employing two-electrode cell assembly which is the highest
for any aqueous electrolyte systems so far. Furthermore, this nanomaterial delivered 90 Wh/kg energy density with extensive
cyclic stability of 94% for 10,000 cycles. Ultra-microporous frame of carbon nanomaterial had shown high adsorption
potential towards CO2 gas4 and ensured 7.78 mmol/g adsorption intakes at 273 K &1 bar. In the second work, reduced
graphene was modified further with amine and acid groups on the edges of sp2 sheets to bring both acid and base
characteristics. In a recent work, hydroxyl functionalized graphene have been shown as a proton conducting nanomaterial
utilizing hydroxyl groups for conduction.2 However, materials having low activation energy barrier for solid state proton
conduction are required for temperature invariant functioning of fuel cells.5 Notably, amine-acid modified graphene material
achieved very low energy barrier of 0.079 eV (lowest among all carbon nanomaterials) from 0.24 eV (in hydroxyl modifies
graphene2) with a high solid state proton conduction value of 3.29*10-3 S/cm at 95 °C and 95% relative humidity. The
material also provided a high specific capacitance value of 266 F/g at 0.5 A/g in three electrode assembly with 71%
capacitive retention. This material had shown 100 % cyclic stability for 10,000 cycles in aqueous media revealing its
superior supercapacitor property as well.
References
1. Singh, C., Mishra, A. K., & Paul, A., J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 18557-18563 (2015). 2. Singh, C., S, N., Jana, A., Mishra, A. K., & Paul, A., Chem. Commun. 52, 12661-12664 (2016). 3. Singh, C., & Paul, A., ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 6, 11367−11379 (2018). 4. Dura, G.; Budarin, V. L.; Castro-Osma J. A.; Shuttleworth, P.S.; Quek, S. C. Z.; Clark, J. H.; North, M.; Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 9173 –9177 (2016). 5. Kang, D.W., Lee,K.A., Kang, M., Kim, J. M., Moon, M., Choe, J. H., Kim, H., Kim, W., Kim, J.Y. & Hong, C.
S., J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 1147–1153 (2020).
Role of 'Water-in-Salt' Type Electrolytes in tuning hydrogen
evolution reaction Anku Guha,# Nisheal M. Kaley, Jagannath Mondal, and Tharangattu N. Narayanan*
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - Hyderabad, Sy. No. 36/P, Gopanapally Village,
Serilingampally Mandal, Hyderabad - 500107, India.
(Email: [email protected] or [email protected]) The role of ‘Water in salt’ type electrolytes has been extensively studied for battery application.
The effect of this kind of electrolyte is very limitedly explored for electrochemical hydrogen
evolution reaction (HER) though effect of supporting electrolyte such as Li+ ions in HER is
well studied in recent past. Most of the studies on the effect of supporting electrolytes is either
lacking of fundamental understandings of HER kinetics or limited to only noble transition
metals. Herein, we have unveiled the role of Li+ based ‘water in salt’ type electrolytes in tuning
the kinetics and thermodynamics of the HER of metals (both noble and non noble) and non
metals (CNTs) irrespective of counter ions (TFSI−, OTf−, Cl−, ClO4− and OH−), pH (0,7 and 13)
of the electrolyte by both experimentally and theoretically. It is observed that the HER activities
of metals such as Pt, Ir, and Pd are suppressed by increasing Li+ concentration whereas that of
Au, Fe, Ni and non metals like CNTs augmented with increasing Li+ concentration. Here the
tunability in the metal-hydrogen (M−H) bonding energy which is the only dictator of HER with
Li+ is experimentally and theoretically established, and the studies show that the tunability in
the HER properties of both noble, non-noble metals and CNTs can be achieved irrespective of
the pH and counter ions by tuning the M−H bond energy using Li+.
References:
1. Suo, L.; Borodin, O.; Gao, T.; Olguin, M.; Ho, J.; Fan, X.; Luo, C.; Wang, C.; Xu, K. Science. 2015, 350 (6263), 938–943.
2. Guha, A.; Narayanaru, S.; Narayanan, T. N. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2018, 1, 7116–7122.
3. Guha, A.; Kaley, N. M.; Mondal, J.; Narayanan, T. N. J. Mater. Chem. A 2020, DOI : 10.1039/c9ta12926j.
4. Borodin, O.; Self, J.; Persson, K. A.; Wang, C.; Xu, K. Uncharted Waters: Super-Concentrated Electrolytes. Joule 2020, 4 (1), 69–100.
5. Guha, A. and Narayanan T. N. J. Phys. energy. Submitted.
Magnetic tuning of electrocatalytic interface for sustained kinetic enhancement of
hydrogen evolution Jayeeta Saha, Ranadeb Ball, Chandramouli Subramaniam*
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076,
INDIA
Email: [email protected]
Hydrogen is considered as cleanest and high specific energy density fuel source. Thus, the purpose is to produce maximum hydrogen gas by providing catalysts with lowest applied energy (overpotential, η). In direction, other than tuning the catalyst for the better electrocatalysis by reduce the η, another approach is to provide the energy in another form, like magnetic field. Here, we establish the involvement of mesoporous nanocarbon florets (NCF) based spinel Co3O4 nanocubes catalyst to increase the double layer charge transfer (400%) and decrease the charge transfer resistance (65%) in presence of magnetic field. Thus, the catalytic efficiency enhances (decrease of η by 20% and increase of j by 650%) by compacting the diffusion layer of electrode-electrolyte interface and enhancing the mass transport due to magnetization of magnetic catalyst. Along with this, the unique morphology of NCF helps to sustain the magnetization after removal of the magnet. The enhancement of size of the NCF due to the presence of surface magnetic catalyst assists to enhance the electrochemically active surface are by 12%, which reflects in the improved catalytic efficiency. By doing the energy balance calculation it is observed that the total energy saved by using a 300 mT magnet is 19% of its regular usage. References
1. A. Sundaresan, R. Bhargavi, N. Rangarajan, U. Siddesh, C. N. R. Rao, Phys. Rev. B -
Condens. Matter Mater. Phys. 2006, 74,161306. 2. W. Mtangi, F. Tassinari, K. Vankayala, A. Vargas Jentzsch, B. Adelizzi, A. R. A.
Palmans, C. Fontanesi, E. W. Meijer, R. Naaman, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 2794. 3. F. A. Garcés-pineda, M. Blasco-ahicart, D. Nieto-castro, N. López, J. R. Galán-
mascarós, Nat. Energy 2019, 4, 519. 4. J. Saha, R. Ball, A. Sah, V. Kalyani, C. Subramaniam, Nanoscale 2019, 11, 13532. 5. J. Saha, S. Verma, R. Ball, C. Subramaniam, R. Murugavel, Small 2019, 1903334.
Kinetic Study of the photocharged Co-Bi modified BiVO4 for PEC water
oxidation
Sriram Kumar and Ashis Kumar Satpati*
Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
Corresponding Author email: [email protected]
Abstract
BiVO4 is the promising anode material for the solar harvesting due to its bandgap (~2.4 eV),
band alignment with the water oxidation band and high Solar to hydrogen efficiency (~9%)
[1].However, fast charge recombination, short hole diffusion and sluggish surface catalysis are
the main challenge of the commercial application. In this study we have incorporated the oxygen
evolution catalyst (OEC) Co-Bi to BiVO4 to enhance the surface OER kinetics [2, 3].
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency is improved by the photocharging of the BiVO4 and Co-
Bi modified BiVO4. The details kinetics study and electronic properties of the photoanodes are
investigated due in the course of the study. BiVO4 (BV) was coated on the FTO using spin
coating technique and the Co-Bi/BiVO4 heterojunction were synthesized by the photo-assisted
electrochemical deposition of the Co-Bi.
Figure 1. (A) SEM image of BV, (B) XRD patterns of the BV and Co-Bi modified BV and (C)
effect of photocharging on chopped light voltammetry of BV.
SEM images of BV shows the uniform coating of BV on FTO with granular shape. XRD spectra
confirm the synthesis of BV (JCPDS: 014-0688) with growth along the (121) direction. The
significant improvements in photocurrents are obtained from 0.96 mAcm-2 to 1.95 mAcm-2, with
103 % improvements upon Co-Bi incorporation. The photocurrents of the photoanodes were
(A) (B) (C)
enhanced by ~ 35% after photocharging treatment. The significant improvements in the
photocurrent are due to the improvements in the bulk and surface properties as investigated by
the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky analysis. Further, electrode-
electrolyte interface kinetics has been investigated using the scanning electrochemical
microscopy (SEC) technique. The interfacial hole transfer rate constant of BV is 8.510-3 cm s-1
and is improved by ~28% upon Co-Bi modification. The hole transfer rate constant is further
improved by ~18% upon the photocharging.
References
1. F.F. Abdi, N. Firet, R. van de Krol, ChemCatChem, 5 (2013) 490-496.
2. C. Ding, J. Shi, D. Wang, Z. Wang, N. Wang, G. Liu, F. Xiong, C. Li, Physical Chemistry
Chemical Physics, 15 (2013) 4589-4595.
3. D. Xue, M. Kan, X. Qian, Y. Zhao,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6 (2018)
16228-16234.
Sustainable synthesis of nanomaterial: Application for one pot multicomponent reactions Gunjan Purohit and Diwan S Rawat*
Block A, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Nanocatalysis is a promising area that has attracted the attention of chemist over the years.1 A functionalized material with
nano- or submicro-dimension demonstrates significant and dramatic catalytic activity in comparison to their bulk counter
parts, due to the increased surface area and multiple catalytic centers and in turns fulfils the mandate of green chemistry.2,3
Increasing aspects of catalytic potential of nanocatalyst in the synthesis of heterocycles, we recently reported hierarchically
porous sheet-like copper aluminum mixed oxide (CuAl-MO) nanocatalyzed synthesis of substituted
pyrrolidines/piperidines.4 In another study we, displayed the catalytic potential of amine functionalized silica coated
magnetically recoverable palladium nanoparticles i.e. Pd@Co/C-SiO2-NH2 for the hydrogenation of nitro-
arenes/alkenes/alkynes.5 We also developed powdered wurzite phased copper indium sulphite nanocomposites i.e PW-
CIS500 for the sustainable synthesis of substituted imidazopyridines.6 In continuation to these exciting results, we designed
a unique copper/palladium based nanomaterial for various organic transformation reactions such as hydrogenations,
cycloisomerization reactions etc. providing better and greener results. Many important heterocycles are synthesized by
making use of this methodology e.g. benzofuran, substituted piperidines/pyrrolidines, imidazopyridines etc. The present
methodology has several advantages over the reported methods such as selectivity in product formation, high yields in short
reaction time, and follows green principles.
References 1. Polshettiwar, V., Luque, R., Fihri, A., Zhu, H., Bouhrara, M. & Basset, J, M. Chem Rev. 111, 3036 – 3075 (2011).
2. Anastas, P. T. & Allen, D. T. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 4, 5820 (2016).
3. Polshettiwar, V. & Varma, R. S. Green Chem. 12, 743 – 754 (2010).
4. Purohit, G., & Rawat, D. S. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5, 19235 – 19245 (2019).
5. Purohit, G., Rawat, D. S. & Reiser, O. ChemCatChem. 12, 569 – 575 (2020).
6. Purohit, G., Kharakwal, A. & Rawat, D. S. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 8, 5544 – 5557 (2020).
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Abstract
An electrochemical energy-storage cell, also known as a battery, is one of the best electrical
energy-storage devices available. There are types of technologies that come under this
category. Since its initiation, the lithium-ion battery has been used as a commercially viable
rechargeable battery. However, as the demand for energy-intensive applications grows in the
market, there is a requirement for an alternative energy-storage battery technology that can act
a good substitute for Li-ion batteries. The sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery is a well-known large-
scale electrochemical storage option. The disadvantage of this particular battery technology is
its high operating temperature. Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries could
overcome these issues, but they have issues of their own. The rapid capacity decay is caused
by the “polysulfide shuttle” and by the low utilization of the active material that results from
the insulating nature of sulfur and the final discharge product. Moreover, the practical
performance remains far from theoretical mainly due to sluggish reaction kinetics, severe
volume change in sulfur during cycling, and low electronic conductivity of the active material,
which limits both their energy and rate characteristics. The practical room temperature sodium-
sulfur (RT-NaS) battery technology has a significant potential that can be exploited, and many
researchers like us are continually working to resolve the issues. So here, we conclude that by
the use of an optimized cathode scaffold which can suppress the polysulfide dissolution and
enhance the cell kinetics can make the RT-NaS battery practical. Further, in-detail studies are
necessary. Nevertheless, we believe that this work may somehow help in finding the new
directions to achieve high capacity and cyclability of RT-NaS battery.
Key Words: Room-temperature Sodium-sulfur batteries; Polysulfide, polysulfide shuttle,
sluggish reaction kinetics, volume change, cathode scaffold.
Room Temperature Sodium-Sulfur BatteriesAjit Kumar and Sagar Mitra,
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, MumbaiEmail: [email protected]
Poly(ionic liquid)–zinc polyoxometalate composite as a cathode for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Mukesh Kumar,1 Debaprasad Mandal* and Tharamani C. Nagaiah*
Department of chemistry, IIT Ropar Rupnagar Punjab-140001, India Email: [email protected] Advance energy storage Li-S batteries are considered to be most promising next generation battery technology beyond
currently market dominating Li-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g-1), natural abundance and low
cost to support ever increasing energy demand.1 However practical implementation of Li-S batteries impeded by several
technical challenges such as insulating nature of active sulfur, large volume expansion and inherent polysulfide shuttling
results in a low columbic efficiency and fast capacity degradation.2 To tackle these issues here, we reported sandwich
polyoxometalate [WZn3(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2]12(ZnPOM) over poly(1-vinyl-3(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl)imidazolium)
cation(PVIMo) matrix as a cathode catalyst for a high-capacity Li-S battery. The cationic polymer PVIMo held the
negatively charged polysulfide ions at the cathode and ZnPOM facilitated the reversible redox conversion of polysulfides
to sulfur and vice versa due to multi electron redox property and high structural stability.3 The synergistic effect between
PVIMo and ZnPOM resulted in outstanding initial discharge capacity of 1450 mA h g-1 at 0.5 C with high capacity retention
(97%), high coulombic efficiency (>98%) and a negligible capacity fading rate of 0.02% per cycle with a high areal loading
of 7.68 mg cm-2 and high areal capacity of 11.14 mA h cm-2 (70% sulfur). Quantitative estimation for the loss of sulfur after
of the charge–discharge cycles will be also discussed by EQCM, UV-Vis analysis and potentiometric titration .4
Scheme 1: Schematic representation of the composite interaction with LiPS during the charge–discharge process
References:
1. Y.J. Li, J.M. Fan, M.S. Zheng and Q.F. Dong, Energy & Environmental Science, 2016, 9, 1998-2004. 2. R. Kumar, J. Liu, J.Y. Hwang and Y.-K. Sun, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2018, 6, 11582-11605. 3 S. D. Adhikary, A. Tiwari, T. C. Nagaiah and D. Mandal, ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2018, 10, 38872-38879. 4. V. Singh, A. K. Padhan, S. D. Adhikary, A. Tiwari, D. Mandal and T. C. Nagaiah, Journal of materials chemistry A,
2019, 7, 3018-3023.
Towards Efficient Inorganic Catalysis: A Computational Roadmap
Tisita Das1* and Sudip Chakraborty2*
1Condensed Matter Physics, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI), Allahabad 211019, India 2 Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore 453552, India
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Hydrogen is inevitable for the quest of sustainable and green environment, while meeting the demand of
increased energy supply in the presently existing fossil fuel economy by maintaining reduced greenhouse effect.
Consequently there has been a worldwide effort to explore potential materials that could serve as suitable, cost competitive
and eco-friendly catalysts to generate hydrogen in an industrial scale. Amongst all the processes of H2 generation,
photocatalytic water splitting in presence of an inorganic catalyst provides the most sustainable route. Since lower
dimensional materials possess more reactive sites as compared to their bulk counterparts, it is expected to realize enhanced
catalytic activity when the material dimension is reduced. Density Functional Theory (DFT) based first-principles approach
serves as an ideal theoretical tool to complement the experimental findings on such electrochemical systems, which
accelerates the development of new inorganic catalysts. The approach is to focus on the free energies of the reaction
intermediates adsorbed on the surface. In this talk, I shall discuss the theoretical approach for enhanced Hydrogen (HER)
and Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) on a few specific systems studied recently by our group. The systems include: (a)
an early group-4 planar Transition metal (TM)
dichalcogenide viz. TiS2 monolayer1 - which
acts as bi-functional (HER and OER) catalyst
upon substitutional doping and vacancy creation
on the anionic site as point defect; (b) a novel
planar variety of TM oxides viz. 2D TiO2 HNS2
- with oxygen monovacancy shows promise in
HER while decreasing work function value; (c)
Ag-Ni nanocrystalline hetero-alloy3 which
gives Pt-like HER activity with only ~ 0.13 eV
of DGH value in 5% Ag doping concentration;
and (d) 72 single layered TM trichalcogenides,
where rigorous high throughput computational screening has been performed 4, where FeCS3, FeGeS3, MnSiS3 and NiSiS3
are predicted for optimum HER catalytic activity having DGH in the range < 0.1 eV. I shall end my talk with a brief overview
of our most recently published work on CO2 reduction5 as future outlook, as another way to attain sustainable environment.
References
1. Tisita Das, S. Chakraborty, R. Ahuja and G. P. Das, ChemPhysChem 20, 608-617 (2019).
2. Tisita Das, S. Chakraborty, R. Ahuja and G. P. Das, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2, 5074-5082 (2019).
3. R. Majee, A. Kumar, Tisita Das, S. Chakraborty, S. Bhattacharyya, Angewandte Chemie, 59, 2881 (2020).
4. P. Sen, K. Alam, Tisita Das, R. Banerjee, S. Chakraborty, J. Phys. Chem. Letters, 11, 3192 (2020)
5. S Shyamal, S Dutta, Tisita Das, S Sen, S Chakraborty, N Pradhan, J. Phys. Chem. Letters, 11, 3608 (2020)