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VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of...

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VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the retina Foveal versus peripheral retina Knowledge of the different cell types that make up the retina There are different types of retinal ganglion cell – thus parallel outputs from the retina and beyond…. Central visual pathways – projections to LGB and other subcortical visual structures Organization of visual fields – partial decussation at optic chiasm, binocularity, topography Projection to primary visual cortex – optic radiations Effects of lesions on visual function Reading Nolte (4th Ed), pgs 397-431 Crossman and Neary, pgs 129-133
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Page 1: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

VISUAL SYSTEMKey pointsRelations of neural retina to other structures in the eyeKnowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the retinaFoveal versus peripheral retinaKnowledge of the different cell types that make up the retinaThere are different types of retinal ganglion cell – thus parallel outputs from the retina and beyond….Central visual pathways – projections to LGB and other subcortical visual structuresOrganization of visual fields – partial decussation at optic chiasm, binocularity, topographyProjection to primary visual cortex – optic radiationsEffects of lesions on visual function

ReadingNolte (4th Ed), pgs 397-431 Crossman and Neary, pgs 129-133Fitzgerald, pgs 189-196, 201-202Kiernan (7th Ed), pgs 364-381Pritchard and Alloway, pgs 283-315

Page 2: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 3: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

The human eye

Page 4: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Mouse retinal wholemount

NB Retina and optic nerve are derived from the neural tube – are of CNS origin

Page 5: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Photoreceptors

rods cones

Page 6: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

LIGHT

Page 7: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 8: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

light

light

Page 9: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

130 million rods – monochromatic – high sensitivity – convergence

7 million cones – colour – central retina – high acuity – photopic vision

1 million retinal ganglion cells per eye – efferent cell

Cone photopigments

Page 10: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Retinal circuitry

Photoreceptors

Horizontal cells

Bipolar cells

Amacrine cells

Ganglion cells

ONL

OPL

INL

IPL

GCLoutput signals

light

conerod

Page 11: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

There are different classes of retinal ganglion cell:

On/off cells, large and small receptive fields, sustained versus transient responses, monochromatic versus colour……(etc!!)

Page 12: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 13: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Visual Pathways

• Retina (rods, cones, fovea)– bipolars– ganglion cells - optic nerve

• Chiasm (nasal fibres cross)• Optic tract

– suprachiasmatic nuclei (diurnal rhythms)– pretectum (for eye movements)– superior colliculus (new objects, co-ordination of eye and

head/neck movements)– lateral geniculate body of the thalamus (to cortex)

Page 14: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Visual fields and central visual pathways in the human

Page 15: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Lateral geniculate nucleushuman monkey

Page 16: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Visual topography – maps

Page 17: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 18: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 19: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 20: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Control of Eye Movements• Medial longitudinal fasciculus connects all the cranial

nerve nuclei (III, IV, VI) together• Descending cortical input• Input from superior colliculus• Input from ascending cervical proprioception

Optic ReflexesPupillary constriction (Edinger-Westphal)due to light (consensual…both eyes at once)On accommodation - convergence

Page 21: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 22: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.
Page 23: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Classes of RGC

• CAT– On/off cells– sustained X/transient Y– not much colour

• MONKEY– On/off– Parvo (P) colour

(red/green) and form– Magno (M) motion

Page 24: VISUAL SYSTEM Key points Relations of neural retina to other structures in the eye Knowledge of types of photoreceptor and their distribution across the.

Monkey area 17 (V1)

Ocular dominance stripes in layer IV

Last Slide


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