Warm UpWarm UpAnswer the following questions based on Answer the following questions based on the map, Revolutions in Europe, 1848 (p. the map, Revolutions in Europe, 1848 (p.

594):594):a. Which revolution site lies closest to the 40

degrees N latitude line?

b. Which island has the southernmost revolution location?

c. Name two sites of revolution in France.

d. Name the kingdom located in southern Italy.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

How did liberalism How did liberalism impact the revolutions impact the revolutions

of 1848?of 1848?

Reaction Reaction and and

RevolutionRevolution

Old OrderOld Order

After the After the defeat of defeat of Napoleon, Napoleon, European European leaders tried leaders tried to restore the to restore the old orderold order

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Great Great BritainBritain

AustriaAustria

PrussiaPrussia

RussiaRussia

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Met in Sept. 1814Met in Sept. 1814

Led by Prince Led by Prince Klemens von Klemens von Metternich Metternich (Austria)(Austria)

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Principle of Principle of legitimacylegitimacy

Monarchs of royal Monarchs of royal families who families who ruled before ruled before Napoleon would Napoleon would have their have their thrones returnedthrones returned

Congress of ViennaCongress of Vienna

Tried to Tried to balance balance the map the map of Europe of Europe so no one so no one country country became became too too powerfulpowerful

Conservative RuleConservative Rule

Against revolutionsAgainst revolutions

Favored obedience Favored obedience to political rulersto political rulers

Based on tradition Based on tradition and stabilityand stability

Principle of InterventionPrinciple of Intervention

Great powers Great powers had the right to had the right to send armies into send armies into countries where countries where there were there were revolutionsrevolutions

Goal = restore Goal = restore the monarchythe monarchy

Forces for Change in EuropeForces for Change in Europe

LiberalismLiberalism

NationalisNationalismm

LiberalismLiberalism People should be People should be as free from as free from government government restraint as restraint as possiblepossible

Protection of Protection of natural natural rights/civil rights/civil liberties – liberties – guaranteed by a guaranteed by a written documentwritten document

LiberalismLiberalism Favored Favored

government government by a by a constitutionconstitution

Believed only Believed only men who men who owned owned property property should have a should have a right to voteright to vote

NationalismNationalism

Nation = community Nation = community with common with common traditions, traditions, languages, customslanguages, customs

People owe loyalty People owe loyalty to the nation rather to the nation rather than the dynastythan the dynasty

RevolutionsRevolutions

Beginning in Beginning in 1830, 1830, conservative conservative power in power in Europe began Europe began to break downto break down

BelgiumBelgium Broke with Broke with

the Dutch the Dutch RepublicRepublic

Became its Became its own state own state in 1815in 1815

FranceFrance

1848 – monarchy 1848 – monarchy overthrown in overthrown in another another revolutionrevolution

Set up a republicSet up a republic

Universal male Universal male suffrage – all suffrage – all men can votemen can vote

FranceFrance

1848 – first 1848 – first president electedpresident elected

Charles Louis Charles Louis Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte Bonaparte (nephew)(nephew)

German ConfederationGerman Confederation

38 independent 38 independent German statesGerman states

Prussia and Prussia and Austria were the Austria were the strongeststrongest

Austrian EmpireAustrian Empire

Led by a Hapsburg Led by a Hapsburg emperoremperor

Many small Many small revolutions, revolutions, crushed by the crushed by the armyarmy