Warm UpWarm UpAnswer the following questions based on Answer the following questions based on

the timeline of the West between the Wars the timeline of the West between the Wars (p. 748-9):(p. 748-9):

a. What book did Hitler write in 1924?

b. Who became the fascist leader of Italy?

c. Who became president of the United States in 1932?

d. In which year did Hitler become chancellor of Germany?

Essential QuestionEssential Question

How did the Great How did the Great Depression affect Depression affect

European economies?European economies?

Between World WarsBetween World Wars

League of NationsLeague of Nations

Remained weakRemained weak

Members could Members could not agree to not agree to use force when use force when necessarynecessary

The U.S. never The U.S. never joinedjoined

French DemandsFrench Demands

Wanted strict Wanted strict enforcement of enforcement of the Treaty of the Treaty of VersaillesVersailles

Germans owed Germans owed debt of $33 debt of $33 billionbillion

Germany EconomyGermany Economy

High inflation High inflation (rise in prices)(rise in prices)

German money German money becomes becomes worthlessworthless

The Dawes PlanThe Dawes Plan

Proposed by Proposed by AmericansAmericans

Gave Germany a Gave Germany a $200 million loan $200 million loan for economic for economic recoveryrecovery

Great DepressionGreat Depression

Depression = a Depression = a period of low period of low economic activity economic activity and rising and rising unemploymentunemployment

Causes of the DepressionCauses of the Depression

Falling prices in Falling prices in European European countriescountries

International International financial crisis for financial crisis for the U.S. stock the U.S. stock marketmarket

United StatesUnited States

President – President – Franklin D. Franklin D. RooseveltRoosevelt

Proposed the Proposed the New Deal to New Deal to help the help the economyeconomy

Great DepressionGreat Depression

Great DepressionGreat Depression

Great DepressionGreat Depression

Weimar RepublicWeimar Republic

German German democratic democratic state after WWIstate after WWI

No strong No strong leadershipleadership

High High unemploymentunemployment, poor economy, poor economy

Great BritainGreat Britain

Two political Two political parties:parties:

Labour PartyLabour Party

Conservative Conservative PartyParty

Changes in EuropeChanges in Europe

By 1939, only two By 1939, only two European nations European nations (France and Great (France and Great Britain) remained Britain) remained democraticdemocratic

Most others had Most others had adopted dictatorsadopted dictators

New Form of DictatorshipNew Form of Dictatorship

Totalitarianism = Totalitarianism = government that government that aims to control aims to control the political, the political, economic, social, economic, social, intellectual, and intellectual, and cultural lives of cultural lives of its citizensits citizens

Totalitarian StatesTotalitarian States

Led by a single Led by a single leader and a leader and a single partysingle party

No guarantees No guarantees of personal of personal freedomsfreedoms

FascismFascism Glorify the state Glorify the state above the above the individualindividual

Need for a strong Need for a strong government led by government led by a dictatora dictator

Remove oppositionRemove opposition

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Established a Established a fascist fascist movement in movement in ItalyItaly

Rise of Fascism in ItalyRise of Fascism in Italy

People feared People feared communist communist revolutionrevolution

Mussolini formed Mussolini formed the Blackshirts – the Blackshirts – armed men who armed men who suppressed suppressed oppositionopposition

Mussolini in PowerMussolini in Power

Became dictator Became dictator in 1922 as head in 1922 as head of the Fascist of the Fascist PartyParty

Known as “Il Known as “Il Duce” – The Duce” – The LeaderLeader

Quote, MussoliniQuote, Mussolini

““Anti-individualistic, the Fascist Anti-individualistic, the Fascist conception of life stresses the conception of life stresses the importance of the State and accepts the importance of the State and accepts the individual only so far as his interests individual only so far as his interests coincide with those of the State . . . The coincide with those of the State . . . The Fascist conception of the State is all-Fascist conception of the State is all-embracing; outside of it no human or embracing; outside of it no human or spiritual values can exist. Thus spiritual values can exist. Thus understood, fascism is totalitarian.”understood, fascism is totalitarian.”

Japanese ExpansionJapanese Expansion

Difficulty finding Difficulty finding resources for resources for growing industrygrowing industry

Military gained Military gained more powermore power

Invasion of ManchuriaInvasion of Manchuria

19311931

Japan Japan became a became a war-driven war-driven economyeconomy

PicassoPicasso

Abstract Abstract artart

Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

PhysicistPhysicist

Won the Nobel Won the Nobel Prize in 1921 for Prize in 1921 for his theory of his theory of relativityrelativity