Warmup Warmup Did the Crusades increase Did the Crusades increase or decrease the power of or decrease the power of the Catholic church in the Catholic church in Europe by the end of the Europe by the end of the Middle Ages? Middle Ages? * On the AP test, you may * On the AP test, you may see this period referred see this period referred to as the “Middle Ages”, to as the “Middle Ages”, or the “Medieval period”. or the “Medieval period”. TURN IN YOUR PRIMARY SOURCE QUESTIONS
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WarmupWarmup
Did the Crusades increase or Did the Crusades increase or decrease the power of the decrease the power of the Catholic church in Europe by Catholic church in Europe by the end of the Middle Ages?the end of the Middle Ages?
* On the AP test, you may see * On the AP test, you may see this period referred to as the this period referred to as the “Middle Ages”, or the “Middle Ages”, or the “Medieval period”.“Medieval period”.
TURN IN YOUR PRIMARY SOURCE QUESTIONS
THE TRANSFORMATION THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE WEST, 1450 - 1750OF THE WEST, 1450 - 1750
An Era of RevolutionsAn Era of Revolutions
Due FridayDue Friday
411-416411-416 2 Pages of notes OR2 Pages of notes OR 6 terms6 terms
1.1. Great Western SchismGreat Western Schism2.2. Hundred Years WarHundred Years War3.3. Joan of ArcJoan of Arc4.4. New firearmsNew firearms5.5. Reconquest of IberiaReconquest of Iberia6.6. Ferdinand and IsabellaFerdinand and Isabella
Remember:1.What is it?2.What is it similar to?3.What caused it or what did it cause?
TWO RENAISSANCESTWO RENAISSANCES Italian Renaissance Italian Renaissance
Renaissance, or rebirth of art and learning, Renaissance, or rebirth of art and learning, 1350-16001350-1600
Aristocrats, popes, nobles became wealthy Aristocrats, popes, nobles became wealthy patrons and vied to outdo one anotherpatrons and vied to outdo one another
City-states sponsored innovations in art and City-states sponsored innovations in art and architecture architecture Macaccio, Leonard) used linear perspective to show Macaccio, Leonard) used linear perspective to show
depth depth Sculptors (Donatello and Sculptors (Donatello and MichelangeloMichelangelo) created ) created
natural poses natural poses
Shakespeare and HumanismShakespeare and Humanism
Wrote poetry and playsWrote poetry and plays Art centered around Art centered around
human qualities, less human qualities, less about religionabout religion Macbeth: AmbitionMacbeth: Ambition Hamlet: ExistenceHamlet: Existence Julius Caesar: Pursuit of Julius Caesar: Pursuit of
powerpower Othello: JealousyOthello: Jealousy
TWO RENAISSANCESTWO RENAISSANCES
Renaissance architecture Renaissance architecture Simple, elegant style, inherited from Simple, elegant style, inherited from
classical Greek and Roman classical Greek and Roman Magnificent domed cathedrals Magnificent domed cathedrals
Brunelleschi's cathedral of FlorenceBrunelleschi's cathedral of Florence St. Peter’s in RomeSt. Peter’s in Rome
Renaissance Art and ArchitectureRenaissance Art and Architecture
Mannerism’s greatest Mannerism’s greatest representative: El representative: El Greco (1541-1614)Greco (1541-1614)
Romanesque Romanesque architecture was architecture was revived in revived in Renaissance building Renaissance building projectsprojects
Brunelleschi’s Church Brunelleschi’s Church of San Lorenzoof San Lorenzo
TWO RENAISSANCESTWO RENAISSANCES HumanistsHumanists or Man is the Measure of All or Man is the Measure of All
Things Things Drew inspiration from classical models Drew inspiration from classical models
especially especially Greece, RomeGreece, Rome Leading scholars included Leading scholars included DanteDante, Petrarch, Petrarch Scholars interested in humane lettersScholars interested in humane letters
Literature, history, and moral philosophyLiterature, history, and moral philosophy Called humanists Called humanists Recovered and translated many classical worksRecovered and translated many classical works
Attention to political and social issues and Attention to political and social issues and graces, toograces, too Boccaccio’s DecameronBoccaccio’s Decameron Castiglione’s The CourtierCastiglione’s The Courtier Machiavelli’s The PrinceMachiavelli’s The Prince
TWO RENAISSANCESTWO RENAISSANCES Northern RenaissanceNorthern Renaissance
Especially strong in France, England, Especially strong in France, England, NetherlandsNetherlands
Focus was more on science, math, and Focus was more on science, math, and Christianity Christianity (language favored was (language favored was Hebrew)Hebrew)
Strongly supported by the middle classes Strongly supported by the middle classes and minor noblesand minor nobles
Leading figures include Leading figures include ShakespeareShakespeare, , Durer, Durer, ErasmusErasmus, Protestant reformers, Protestant reformers
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What was the Renaissance?What was the Renaissance? Where did it start?Where did it start? How was it different from the Ming and Qing How was it different from the Ming and Qing
dynasties in China?dynasties in China?
Take out your notes over QUIZ TODAY!1. Great Western Schism
2. Hundred Years War
3. Joan of Arc
4. New firearms
5. Reconquest of Iberia
6. Ferdinand and Isabella
QuizQuiz
You will answer 11-19 on your scan-tronYou will answer 11-19 on your scan-tron
Don’t write on the quizDon’t write on the quiz
You have 15 minutesYou have 15 minutes
Windmill c. 1150Windmill c. 1150
Printing Press 1444Printing Press 1444
ClockClock-Appeared in -Appeared in Europe c. 1300Europe c. 1300-Invented in Song -Invented in Song ChinaChina
Prague astronomical clock, built in 1410
Florence and City-StatesFlorence and City-States
Florence and City-StatesFlorence and City-States
City-states were financial centersCity-states were financial centers Centers of bankingCenters of banking
Catholic church said Christians couldn’t charge Catholic church said Christians couldn’t charge interestinterest
Jews became bankersJews became bankers
Active in trade Active in trade by Mediterranean Sea and other by Mediterranean Sea and other trade routestrade routes
FlorenceFlorence Run by powerful family: Run by powerful family: the Medicisthe Medicis Center of Renaissance art Center of Renaissance art
The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation
Who is this man?Who is this man?
Saint Peter’s BasilicaSaint Peter’s Basilica
PROTESTANT REFORMATIONPROTESTANT REFORMATION Precursors to ReformationPrecursors to Reformation
Great Western SchismGreat Western Schism 2/3 popes at same time undermined authority 2/3 popes at same time undermined authority
of the churchof the church Church councils rule/attempt to overruleChurch councils rule/attempt to overrule
Catholic practicesCatholic practices Lavish lifestyle of church leadersLavish lifestyle of church leaders IndulgencesIndulgences
PROTESTANT REFORMATIONPROTESTANT REFORMATION Martin Luther Martin Luther (1483-1546) (1483-1546)
Attacked the sale of indulgencesAttacked the sale of indulgences, 1517 , 1517 Attacked corruption in Catholic Church; called for reform Attacked corruption in Catholic Church; called for reform Argument reproduced with printing presses Argument reproduced with printing presses and widely read and widely read Enthusiastic response from lay Christians, princes, many Enthusiastic response from lay Christians, princes, many
cities cities By mid-16By mid-16thth century, half Germans adopted Lutheranism century, half Germans adopted Lutheranism
Reform spread outside Germany Reform spread outside Germany Protestant movements popular in Swiss cities, NetherlandsProtestant movements popular in Swiss cities, Netherlands Scandinavian kings like movement as it removes Church as Scandinavian kings like movement as it removes Church as
a rival a rival English Reformation sparked by King Henry VIII's desire for English Reformation sparked by King Henry VIII's desire for
divorcedivorce John Calvin, French convert to Protestantism John Calvin, French convert to Protestantism
Organized model Protestant community in Geneva in the Organized model Protestant community in Geneva in the 1530s 1530s
Calvinist missionaries were successful in FranceCalvinist missionaries were successful in France
NEW RELIGIOUS MAPNEW RELIGIOUS MAP
CATHOLIC REFORMATIONCATHOLIC REFORMATION Early Attempts to ReformEarly Attempts to Reform
Catholic cardinals, bishops call council in Catholic cardinals, bishops call council in early 15early 15thth century century Council of Constance deposes rival popesCouncil of Constance deposes rival popes Attempts to assert authority over pope, initial Attempts to assert authority over pope, initial
reformsreforms Catholic intellectuals attack Church Catholic intellectuals attack Church
corruptioncorruption Emperor Sigismund attempts to reform Emperor Sigismund attempts to reform
church in Germanychurch in Germany
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What was the Protestant Reformation?What was the Protestant Reformation? What did Martin Luther do?What did Martin Luther do? What was the response of the Catholic What was the response of the Catholic
church?church?
Due Monday Due Monday (and SuperQuiz(and SuperQuiz™™))
HapsburgsHapsburgs Charles VCharles V Henry VIIIHenry VIII AbsolutismAbsolutism ConstitutionalismConstitutionalism Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell
Council of TrentCouncil of Trent
15451545 Attempt by Catholic Church to respond to Attempt by Catholic Church to respond to
the Protestant Reformationthe Protestant Reformation Outlawed sale of indulgencesOutlawed sale of indulgences Rejected predestinationRejected predestination
Commissioned new art and architectureCommissioned new art and architecture Reaffirmed role of Pope and saints in Reaffirmed role of Pope and saints in
CatholicismCatholicism
CATHOLIC REFORMATIONCATHOLIC REFORMATION The Society of Jesus (The Society of Jesus (JesuitsJesuits) )
Founded 1540 by Ignatius LoyolaFounded 1540 by Ignatius Loyola High standards in educationHigh standards in education Combat Protestants with logic, faith, hard Combat Protestants with logic, faith, hard
workwork Saved S. Germany, E. Europe from Saved S. Germany, E. Europe from
Protestants Protestants Became confessors, advisories to kings Became confessors, advisories to kings Worldwide missionariesWorldwide missionaries
NEW RELIGIOUS MAPNEW RELIGIOUS MAP
RELIGIOUS CONFLICTRELIGIOUS CONFLICT Religious wars Religious wars
Between Protestants, Catholics during 16Between Protestants, Catholics during 16THTH century century Wars as much social, political as religiousWars as much social, political as religious Neither side is innocent of conflict Neither side is innocent of conflict
Civil war in France Civil war in France Between Huguenots (French Calvinists), Catholic LeagueBetween Huguenots (French Calvinists), Catholic League Monarchy often a pawn of both sides and noblesMonarchy often a pawn of both sides and nobles Lasted thirty-six years (1562-1598) Lasted thirty-six years (1562-1598) Ended with new dynastyEnded with new dynasty
Spanish ArmadaSpanish Armada War between Catholic Spain, Protestant England, 1588War between Catholic Spain, Protestant England, 1588 Spill over from conflict in the NetherlandsSpill over from conflict in the Netherlands Question of heir to English throne: Catholic Scottish Queen or Protestant Elizabeth Question of heir to English throne: Catholic Scottish Queen or Protestant Elizabeth
Protestant provinces of the Netherlands revolted against rule of Catholic SpainProtestant provinces of the Netherlands revolted against rule of Catholic Spain Originally began as a revolt of all Netherlands against SpainOriginally began as a revolt of all Netherlands against Spain Eventually split country into Catholic south (Belgium) and Protestant north (Holland) Eventually split country into Catholic south (Belgium) and Protestant north (Holland)
The Thirty Years' WarThe Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) (1618-1648) The most destructive European war up to WWI The most destructive European war up to WWI Began as a local conflict in Bohemia; eventually involved most of Europe Began as a local conflict in Bohemia; eventually involved most of Europe Devastated the Holy Roman Empire (German states): lost one-third populationDevastated the Holy Roman Empire (German states): lost one-third population Saw rise of Sweden as Great Power and eclipse of Spain, Hapsburgs as European Saw rise of Sweden as Great Power and eclipse of Spain, Hapsburgs as European
great powergreat power Saw independence of Holland, Switzerland from Holy Roman EmpireSaw independence of Holland, Switzerland from Holy Roman Empire Ended with Germany neither holy, nor Roman nor an EmpireEnded with Germany neither holy, nor Roman nor an Empire
Scottish Presbyterians revoltScottish Presbyterians revolt Expel Catholic Queen with England’s secret assistanceExpel Catholic Queen with England’s secret assistance Raise her kidnapped son as PresbyterianRaise her kidnapped son as Presbyterian
