Water data availability Normunds Kadiķis

LVĢMA, 2006

LATVIJAS VIDES, ĢEOLOĢIJAS UNMETEOROLOĢIJAS AĢENTŪRA

Water data availability

Normunds Kadiķis

LVĢMA, 2006


Status of water Monitoring quality and Scientific investigations Data its impacts Statistics bases Modelling

Emissions and other causes

Decision making at Environmental governmental and reports Actions municipal level etc. Accounting

Publications etc.

Informing of society Raising of environmental awareness Involvement of stakeholders

Complex system of Water Quality Management

LVĢMA, 2006


Short history of surface water monitoring in Latvia

• Hydrology monitoring dates back to 1920s

• Surface water quality monitoring in selected sites started in 1946

• Enlarged surface water quality monitoring program started

in the 1980s

• New water monitoring program according to requirements

of WFD is launched in 2006 (anticipated for 2006-2008)

LVĢMA, 2006


Why we need to carry out surface water quality monitoring?

Legal basis:

• Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EK )

• Fish Waters Directive (78/659/EEC)

• Nitrate Directive (91/676/EEC)

• Dangerous Substances Directive (76/464/EEC) with a number of daughter directives

• Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC) • Surface Water Directive (surface water intended for the

abstraction of drinking water) (75/440/EEC)

LEGMA PHA

LVĢMA, 2006


Surface water quality monitoring until 2005 (I)

• ~99 water quality monitoring sites in Latvia, very limited amount of lakes

• Basic physico-chemical parameters, Ca+2, Mg+2, Na+, K+,

HCO3-, S/SO4

+2, Cl-, hardness, suspended solids, Si, Fe+3, BOD5, TOC, N/NH4+,

N/NO2-, N/NO3

-, Ntot, P/PO4+3, Ptot, Cu+2, Pb+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, As+3, Hg+2, oil

hydrocarbons, surface active substances, microbiology, chlorophyll, phytoplankton, zoobenthos, zooplankton, macrophytes

• Frequency of sampling: – 10 times per year for chemical parameters in rivers (in selected sites – 12 times) and 4 times per

year in lakes

– 2 -6 times per year for dangerous substances

– 1 to several times during the year for biological elements

LVĢMA, 2006


Surface water quality monitoring until 2005 (II)

• Until late 90-ties a bit more dangerous substances, including pesticides, monitored

• Very restricted amount of sediments sampled and analyzed in 80-ties and 90-ties

• Stations since late 90-ties classified according to EIONET suggestions: flux stations, impact stations, representative stations...

LVĢMA, 2006


Why there was the need to revise

water monitoring program?

• According to WFD water bodies as primary water management units must be nominated

• Information on ecological quality status must be obtained

• Risk assessment not to achieve at least good water ecological quality status until 2015 must be performed

• Information on water bodies` ecological quality are prerequisite for establishment of management plans

Today 4 river basin districts and 469 water bodies nominated in Latvia!

LVĢMA, 2006


LVĢMA, 2006


66 river water bodies nominated, 16 monitored in 2005

184 lake water bodies nominated, 11 monitored in 2005

LVĢMA, 2006


63 63 river water bodies nominated, 11 monitored in 2005

30 lake water bodies nominated, 6 monitored in 2005

LVĢMA, 2006


Monitoring of priority fish waters in 2005

31

43

11

38

12

7 7

12

35

1 2

76

1 1

6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Daugavas apgabals Gaujas apgabals Lielupes apgabals Ventas apgabals

skai

ts

Upju posmi kopā Monitorētie upju posmi Ezeri kopā Monitorētie ezeri

River waters total Monitored river watersLakes` waters

totalMonitored

lakes` waters

LVĢMA, 2006


New surface water quality monitoring 2006-2008 (I)

• Stations classified according to WFD as surveillance monitoring stations, operational monitoring stations, investigative monitoring stations

• Generally, the same parameters as before but zooplankton excluded

• Very different picture with respect to certain parameters in different stations: some parameters` monitoring increased significantly but some (for example, main ions) very decreased

• Frequency of sampling: – generally, 1 time per year for biological parameters (even for

phytoplankton and chlorophyll a in lakes) – 3-12 times per year for microbiological parameters and

chemical parameters– 4 -6 times per year for dangerous substances

LVĢMA, 2006


New surface water quality monitoring 2006-2008 (II)

• Macrophytes will be monitored 1 time every 3 years

• Shift to monitoring on rotational basis – ~ 83 water

bodies are anticipated to be monitored each year but others - 1 time during 3 years period, taking into account type of station

LVĢMA, 2006


Monitoring of biological elements

Number of monitoring stations

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

2005

2006

2007

2008

Number

Microbiology

Chlorophyl a

Macrozoobenthos

Macrophytes

Phytoplankton

LVĢMA, 2006


Monitoring of nutrients` parameters

Number of monitoring stations

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

2005

2006

2007

2008

Number

N/NO3

N/NO2

N/NH4

Nkop

P/PO4

Pkop

99

143

249

276

LVĢMA, 2006


Virszemes ūdeņu karte

Virszemes ūdeņu monitorings

LVĢMA, 2006


LVĢMA, 2006


Statistics / monitoring of water use and wastewater discharges (I)

• information collected in the state statistical survey – data base “2 –Ūdens” (LEGMA)

• Water abstraction, use and wastewater discharges• Mechanically, chemically and biologically treated wastewater

discharges• Pollution discharged (oil products, surface active substances,

biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, biogens, heavy metals, etc.)

• Data can be classified by administrative division, river basins or economic branches

LVĢMA, 2006


Statistics / monitoring of water use and wastewater discharges (II)

• ~1750 different enterprises (operators, polluters) reported their data in 2005

• Covering entire territory of Latvia with likely at least one reporting organization in every parish (i.e. the parish council) and many enterprises in cities

LVĢMA, 2006


Hydrological monitoring

• ~49 rivers` stations in operation, 9 anticipated to be renewed, 3 – to be installed additionally

• 3 lakes` stations with water level observations(6 closed stations should be renewed)

• Automated or manual water level measurements• Daily mean water discharge calculated / modelled, direct

measurements 1 time per month

LVĢMA, 2006


LVĢMA, 2006


Conclusions

• Amount of surface water quality monitoring stations quite enlarged since 2006, but frequency of sampling decreased in many cases

• To fill the gaps with regard to surface waters` spatial coverage

(Latvia has very dense hydrological network!) as well as time coverage water quality modelling should have exiting perspectives

• Challenging is the possibility to model distribution of dangerous substances in surface waters which are minimally covered by existing monitoring program

LVĢMA, 2006


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Water data availability Normunds Kadiķis

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