Water Quality & Impact on Human Health

Md. Aminur RahmanSenior Chemist

DPHE Zonal Laboratory, Khulna.

Information- H20.

A water molecule consists of three atoms; an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, and chemical formula of water is H20.

Information- H20

Water is an universal solvent. Water can take almost anything in solution that comes in contact and many substances in suspension.

Different stage of water: Water exists in three states- solid, liquid, and gaseous

Information- H20.

Water covers about 70% of the Earth's surface.

Our physical body consists of over 70 percent water.

Identify Water Contaminants by Physical Observation

Problem or Concern Tests to Consider(Test as appropriate after further study)

AppearanceFrothy, foamy DetergentsBlack flakes ManganeseBrown, yellow or reddish IronOdor or tasteRotten egg Hydrogen sulfideMetallic pH, iron, zinc, copper, lead, heavy

metalSalty Total dissolved solids, chloride,

sodium, sulfates

Identify Water Contaminants by Physical Observation

Problem or Concern Tests to Consider(Test as appropriate after further study)

Septic, musty or earthy Coliform bacteria, iron Soapy Surfactants, detergents Red or brown Iron Black Manganese Green or blue Copper

Reddish-brown slime Iron bacteria White deposits, soap scum Hardness Developing teeth buds or discoloration of children's teeth occurs.

Fluoride

SY L H E T

R AN G A M AT I

BO GR A

TA N GA IL

PA B N A

D IN AJ P U R

BA N D A R B AN

N AO GA O N SU N A M G AN J

C H ITTA G ON GSA TK H IR A

N AT OR

JE S SO R E

H AB IG AN J

R AN G P U R

BH O L A

N ET R A KO N A

SIR A J GA N J

KU R IG R A M

N OA K H AL I

BA GE R H A T

FA R ID P U R

FE N I

JA M AL P U R

KU S H T IA

GA ZIP U R

GA IBA N D H A

MO U L V I BA ZA R

KIS H O R EG A N J

JH E N A ID A H

KH A G R AC H H A R I

C OX 'S B AZ A R

C H AN D PU R

N IL PH A M A R I

SH E R P U R

N AR A IL

R AJ B AR I

TH A KU R G A ON

GO PA L GA N J

BR A H M A N B AR IA

MA G U R A

MA N IK GA N J

LA K S MIP U RBA R IS A L

PA N C H A G AR

N AR S IN G D I

SH A R IA TP U RMA D A R IP U R

C H U A D AN GA

LA L M ON IR H A T

C H AP A I N A W A BG A N J

JO YP U R H A T

MU N SH IG A N J

PA TU A K H A L I

ME H E R P U R

BO R GU N A

N AR A Y A N GA N J

PIR O JP U R

JH A L A KA TI

E x is tin g R eg io na l Lab (T a rge t S ite )

KHULNA

COMIL LA

MYM ENS INGHRA J SHAH I

DHAK A

C en tra l Lab

E x is tin g R eg io na l Lab

N ew R eg ion a l L ab

0 50 100 150km

Water Contaminants , Health Effect & Probable Source

Contaminant Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Total Coliforms (including fecal coliform and E. Coli)

Gastrointestinal illness (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting,). It is used to indicate whether other potentially harmful bacteria may be present

Coliforms are naturally present in the environment; as well as feces; fecal coliforms and E. coli only come from human and animal fecal waste.

Turbidity Higher turbidity levels are often associated with higher levels of disease-causing microorganisms such as viruses, parasites and some bacteria. These organisms can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea, and associated headaches.

Soil runoff

Contaminant Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Antimony Increase in blood cholesterol; decrease in blood sugar

Discharge from petroleum refineries; fire retardants; ceramics; electronics; solder

Arsenic Skin damage or problems with circulatory systems, and may have increased risk of getting cancer

Erosion of natural deposits; runoff from orchards, runoff from glass & electronics production wastes

Barium Increase in blood pressure Discharge of drilling wastes; discharge from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits

Cadmium Kidney damage Corrosion of galvanized pipes; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from metal refineries; runoff from waste batteries and paints

Chromium (total)

Allergic dermatitis Discharge from steel and pulp mills; erosion of natural deposits

Contaminant

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Copper Short term exposure: Gastrointestinal distress Long term exposure: Liver or kidney damage People with Wilson's Disease should consult their personal doctor if the amount of copper in their water exceeds the action level

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits

Cyanide (as free cyanide)

Nerve damage or thyroid problems Discharge from steel/metal factories; discharge from plastic and fertilizer factories

Fluoride Bone disease (pain and tenderness of the bones); Children may get mottled teeth

Water additive which promotes strong teeth; erosion of natural deposits; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories

Contaminant

Potential Health Effects from Ingestion of Water

Sources of Contaminant in Drinking Water

Lead Infants and children: Delays in physical or mental development; children could show slight deficits in attention span and learning abilities. Adults: Kidney problems; high blood pressure

Corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits

Mercury (inorganic)

Kidney damage Erosion of natural deposits; discharge from refineries and factories; runoff from landfills and croplands

Nitrate (measured as Nitrogen)

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrate in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.

Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits

Nitrite (measured as Nitrogen)

Infants below the age of six months who drink water containing nitrite in excess of the MCL could become seriously ill and, if untreated, may die. Symptoms include shortness of breath and blue-baby syndrome.

Runoff from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks, sewage; erosion of natural deposits

Bangladesh Drinking water Quality standards (ENVIRONMENT PROJECTION RULES 1997)

Published: 28th August, 1997Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh

Ministry of EnvironmentSL Parameter Unit Standard1 Aluminum mg/L 0.22 Ammonia ,, 0.53 Arsenic ,, 0.054 Barium ,, 0.015 Benzene ,, 0.016 BOD5 20 ºC ,, 0.027 Boron ,, 1.08 Cadmium ,, 0.0059 Calcium ,, 7510 Chloride ,, 150-600

SL Parameter Unit Standard11 Chlorinated alkencs carbon

tetrachloride,, 0.01

1.1 Dichloroethylene ,, 0.001

1.2 Dichloroethylene ,, 0.03

Tetrachloroethylene ,, 0.03

Trichloroethlene “ 0.09

12 Chlorinated phenols pentachlorophenol

,, 0.03

2.4.6 Trichloropheno ,, 0.03

13 Chlorine( residual) ,, 0.2

14 Chloroform ,, 0.09

15 Chromium (Hexavalent) ,, 0.05

16 Chromium ( Total) ,, 0.05

17 COD ,, 4

SL Parameter Unit Standard

18 Coliform (Fecal) n/100 ml 0

19 Coliform ( total)* At sea beach 1000

n/100 ml 0

20 Colour Hazen Unit 15

21 Copper mg/L 1.0

22 Cyanide ,, 0.1

23 Detergent ,, 0.2

24 D.O ,, 6.0

25 Fluoride ,, 1.0

26 Hardness ( as CaCO3) ,, 200- 500

SL Parameter Unit Standard

27 Iron mg/L 0.3-1.0

28 Kjeldahl nitrogen ( Total) ,, 1.0

29 Lead ,, 0.05

30 Magnesium ,, 30-35

31 Manganese ,, 0.1

32 Mercury ,, 0.001

33 Nickel ,, 0.1

34 Nitrate ,, 10

35 Nitrite ,, <1.0

36 Odour ,, Odur less

SL Parameter Unit Standard

37 Oil and Grease ,, 0.01

38 pH ,, 6.5-8.5

39 Phenol compounds ,, 0.002

40 Phosphate ,, 6

41 Phosphorus ,, 0

42 Potassium ,, 12

43 Radio active substances (Total- radiation)

Bq/l 0.01

44 Total B B-radiation 0.1

SL Parameter Unit Standard45 Selenium mg/l 0.0146 Silver ,, 0.0247 Sodium ,, 20048 S.S ,, 1049 Sulfide ,, 050 Sulfate ,, 40051 Total dissolved solids ,, 100052 Temprature ºC 20-3053 Tin mg/1 254 Turbidity JTU/NTU 1055 Zinc mg/1 5