WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTAProf.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono

Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering

University of Indonesia

SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018

UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

PROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO

1

Outline1. Introduction

2. Raw Water Resources

3. Regulation

4. Water Availability Condition

5. SDGs Target

6. Conclusion

2

Raw Water Resources

● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come from

surface water.

● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta.

● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java

● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province

to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan3

●The water comes from Citarum

river is used and managed

through several dams,

ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam and

Jatiluhur Dam.

●With total catchment area for

Jatiluhur Dam is 4500

● Those dams are also used for

electric power generation, river

flow management, irrigation,

tourism and industrial purposes.

Raw Water Resources

(Jatiluhur Dam)

4

West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in the

Jakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys through

West Tarum Canal.

●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows through

several industrial and settlement areas

5

6

WATER

Protecting

Public Health

Increasing

Economic

Development

NATIONAL

ISSUESPoor management of the water resources has contributed to the suffering on poor society

Raw Water

Integrated

Water

Resource

Management

• The growth rate of population and

urbanization have highly increased

• Jakarta’s development increase the

needs of clean water to fulfil Jakarta’s

public’s needs (domestic, industry and

agriculture)

• Water supply was initiated with deep well

installations in some areas of Jakarta,

but now also combined from surface

water

• Water quality degradation because of

contamination

• Little rain in dry season

• Location of raw water comes from

different province

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Table 1. The utilization of Jatiluhur Dam

UtilitiesCapacity

(million m³)Percentage (%)

Water Supply 450 6

Industry 151 2

Others 25 0,3

Irrigation 6.500 86,7

Not yet use 374 5

8

Turbidity of Buaran River

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Water Treatment Plants are located in:

● Buaran Water Treatment Plan I and II up to 5.3 m³/second

● Pulogadung Water Treatment Plant up to 4 m³/second and

● Pejompongan Water Treatment Plant I and II up to 5,7 m³/second

10

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Table 2. Quality of Buaran River (2006-2016)Year

Amonia

(mg/l)

Iron

(mg/l)

Manganese

(mg/l)2006 0.48 0.13 0.13

2007 0.46 0.12 0.11

2008 0.47 0.18 0.09

2009 0.45 0.18 0.12

2010 0.50 0.15 0.13

2011 0.57 0.15 0.08

2012 0.69 0.15 0.13

2013 0.51 0.13 0.11

2014 0.61 0.14 0.13

2015 0.58 0.12 0.15

2016 0.37 0.11 0.04

Source: PT. Aetra, 2016 12

Regulation● The new Government Regulation as well as Local Government Regulation

to protect and maintain water resource management has already been

set up with the purpose of water supply sustainability .

● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 82/2001 (Reference [14]),

concerning with government policy on using surface water as raw water

for water supply including protecting as well as maintaining.

● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 122/2015, concerning with

Water Supply System, to serve water supply system to the citizen as their

right.

● Ministry of Health Regulation Number 497/2010.

13

Extreme Turbidity Condition in 2008

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

7533

3994

15550

12300

4352

158

34211

14243

11422

10086

1653

NTU

Months

Turbidity 2008

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Coordination● Water resource is managing based on sustainability, balancing,

integrated, equity, transparency and accountable.

● The aim is on water resource utilization sustainable and for citizen

prosperous

● There are 18 Ministry and sector involved in water resources

management

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Utilization● Utilization water by agriculture and irrigation sector(the biggest),

industry, water supply, others.

● Surface water the most available raw water resources among others

(ground water, rainfall)

● Increasing of pollution due to the high turbidity, solid waste and waste

water accumulation, increasing of sediment, and others.

● Example of DKI Jakarta, almost 90% raw water for water supply from

Citarum/Kali Malang River

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Strategy WRM● WR: surface water, rainfall, recycling water, desalination

● Protecting more in raw water especially surface water

● Minimization on shallow ground water and deep ground water

● Increasing community participation

● Non structure approach in WR conservation

17

Obstacles WRM● System Information and data WRM

● Low Community awareness in water saving

● Community attitudes in discharge water waste (solid and liquid) in

water body

● Low coordination among sector

● Weak commitment in water infrastructure

18

Problems● Exchange land use function in top, middle and down area

● Decreasing quality and quantity raw water due to the pollution

● Water demand versus water supply

● Excessive of extraction on ground water

● Housing and waste water along the river

19

Challenges in the future● Population increases need more space, more infrastructure, water

supply and sanitation, food, electricity

● Enhancement human resources, technology adaptation, organization

and coordination

● Decentralization caused management inefficient

● Protecting and conservation on water resources

20

SDGs Target Achievement Per Province Status until 2011

28,7

41,7

37,1

37,4

44,3

45,2

26,9

37,8

29,3

20,9

24,3

33,7

57,3

62,7

53,2

22,1

50,4

43,2

50,1

51,2

34,2

49,9

34,4

38,2

40,7

42,3

53,7

40,5

30,2

50,5

46,2

40,4

26,3

42,8

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

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Ind

on

esia

Proportion of households have an access to safe drinking water

Target of SDG’s 2015 : 68.87%

Percentage of Households with decent drinking water access

21

Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs

Targ

et S

DG

s

Source: BPS, SUSENAS various years

Indonesia, 2000, 37.51

Indonesia, 2005, 47.62

Ind

on

esia

, 20

10

, 44

.19 Perkotaan, 2010,

42.51

Perkotaan, 2015, 75.3

Perdesaan; 2010; 45.85

Perdesaan, 2015, 65.8

y = 0,6147x + 38,31R² = 0,5787

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

Indonesia Perkotaan Perdesaan 線形 (Indonesia)

Rural + Urban68.9%

Proportion of households with decent drinking water sources access

The government should immediately accelerate the development of raw water supply infrastructure to MDG’s target 22

Trend from 1993 s.d. 2010

Air Tanah, 74%

Ledeng, 18%

Air Sungai/Hujan,

6.0%

Air Kemasan/Lain

nya, 3.0%

Households Source of Water

74% of households Source of Water is from groundwater

Source: ICCSR BAPPENAS, 2010

23

Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs

Thank You

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