WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTAProf.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono
Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering
University of Indonesia
SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018
UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
PROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO
1
Outline1. Introduction
2. Raw Water Resources
3. Regulation
4. Water Availability Condition
5. SDGs Target
6. Conclusion
2
Raw Water Resources
● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come from
surface water.
● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta.
● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java
● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province
to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan3
●The water comes from Citarum
river is used and managed
through several dams,
ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam and
Jatiluhur Dam.
●With total catchment area for
Jatiluhur Dam is 4500
● Those dams are also used for
electric power generation, river
flow management, irrigation,
tourism and industrial purposes.
Raw Water Resources
(Jatiluhur Dam)
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West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in the
Jakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys through
West Tarum Canal.
●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows through
several industrial and settlement areas
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6
WATER
Protecting
Public Health
Increasing
Economic
Development
NATIONAL
ISSUESPoor management of the water resources has contributed to the suffering on poor society
Raw Water
Integrated
Water
Resource
Management
• The growth rate of population and
urbanization have highly increased
• Jakarta’s development increase the
needs of clean water to fulfil Jakarta’s
public’s needs (domestic, industry and
agriculture)
• Water supply was initiated with deep well
installations in some areas of Jakarta,
but now also combined from surface
water
• Water quality degradation because of
contamination
• Little rain in dry season
• Location of raw water comes from
different province
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Table 1. The utilization of Jatiluhur Dam
UtilitiesCapacity
(million m³)Percentage (%)
Water Supply 450 6
Industry 151 2
Others 25 0,3
Irrigation 6.500 86,7
Not yet use 374 5
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Turbidity of Buaran River
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Water Treatment Plants are located in:
● Buaran Water Treatment Plan I and II up to 5.3 m³/second
● Pulogadung Water Treatment Plant up to 4 m³/second and
● Pejompongan Water Treatment Plant I and II up to 5,7 m³/second
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Table 2. Quality of Buaran River (2006-2016)Year
Amonia
(mg/l)
Iron
(mg/l)
Manganese
(mg/l)2006 0.48 0.13 0.13
2007 0.46 0.12 0.11
2008 0.47 0.18 0.09
2009 0.45 0.18 0.12
2010 0.50 0.15 0.13
2011 0.57 0.15 0.08
2012 0.69 0.15 0.13
2013 0.51 0.13 0.11
2014 0.61 0.14 0.13
2015 0.58 0.12 0.15
2016 0.37 0.11 0.04
Source: PT. Aetra, 2016 12
Regulation● The new Government Regulation as well as Local Government Regulation
to protect and maintain water resource management has already been
set up with the purpose of water supply sustainability .
● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 82/2001 (Reference [14]),
concerning with government policy on using surface water as raw water
for water supply including protecting as well as maintaining.
● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 122/2015, concerning with
Water Supply System, to serve water supply system to the citizen as their
right.
● Ministry of Health Regulation Number 497/2010.
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Extreme Turbidity Condition in 2008
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
7533
3994
15550
12300
4352
158
34211
14243
11422
10086
1653
NTU
Months
Turbidity 2008
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Coordination● Water resource is managing based on sustainability, balancing,
integrated, equity, transparency and accountable.
● The aim is on water resource utilization sustainable and for citizen
prosperous
● There are 18 Ministry and sector involved in water resources
management
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Utilization● Utilization water by agriculture and irrigation sector(the biggest),
industry, water supply, others.
● Surface water the most available raw water resources among others
(ground water, rainfall)
● Increasing of pollution due to the high turbidity, solid waste and waste
water accumulation, increasing of sediment, and others.
● Example of DKI Jakarta, almost 90% raw water for water supply from
Citarum/Kali Malang River
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Strategy WRM● WR: surface water, rainfall, recycling water, desalination
● Protecting more in raw water especially surface water
● Minimization on shallow ground water and deep ground water
● Increasing community participation
● Non structure approach in WR conservation
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Obstacles WRM● System Information and data WRM
● Low Community awareness in water saving
● Community attitudes in discharge water waste (solid and liquid) in
water body
● Low coordination among sector
● Weak commitment in water infrastructure
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Problems● Exchange land use function in top, middle and down area
● Decreasing quality and quantity raw water due to the pollution
● Water demand versus water supply
● Excessive of extraction on ground water
● Housing and waste water along the river
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Challenges in the future● Population increases need more space, more infrastructure, water
supply and sanitation, food, electricity
● Enhancement human resources, technology adaptation, organization
and coordination
● Decentralization caused management inefficient
● Protecting and conservation on water resources
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SDGs Target Achievement Per Province Status until 2011
28,7
41,7
37,1
37,4
44,3
45,2
26,9
37,8
29,3
20,9
24,3
33,7
57,3
62,7
53,2
22,1
50,4
43,2
50,1
51,2
34,2
49,9
34,4
38,2
40,7
42,3
53,7
40,5
30,2
50,5
46,2
40,4
26,3
42,8
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
Ace
h
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ater
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tara
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ater
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arta
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sa T
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wes
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at
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ggar
a
Mal
uku
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Uta
ra
Pap
ua
Pap
ua
Bar
at
Ind
on
esia
Proportion of households have an access to safe drinking water
Target of SDG’s 2015 : 68.87%
Percentage of Households with decent drinking water access
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Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs
Targ
et S
DG
s
Source: BPS, SUSENAS various years
Indonesia, 2000, 37.51
Indonesia, 2005, 47.62
Ind
on
esia
, 20
10
, 44
.19 Perkotaan, 2010,
42.51
Perkotaan, 2015, 75.3
Perdesaan; 2010; 45.85
Perdesaan, 2015, 65.8
y = 0,6147x + 38,31R² = 0,5787
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
Indonesia Perkotaan Perdesaan 線形 (Indonesia)
Rural + Urban68.9%
Proportion of households with decent drinking water sources access
The government should immediately accelerate the development of raw water supply infrastructure to MDG’s target 22
Trend from 1993 s.d. 2010
Air Tanah, 74%
Ledeng, 18%
Air Sungai/Hujan,
6.0%
Air Kemasan/Lain
nya, 3.0%
Households Source of Water
74% of households Source of Water is from groundwater
Source: ICCSR BAPPENAS, 2010
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Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs
Thank You
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