WaterWe Drink

The

2018

This water quality report is produced annually in accordance with both federal and state requirements

Our staff of water professionals is committed to ensuring the reliability and safety of your drinking water every hour, every day.

We value our water consumers and the trust they place in us to provide them with high-quality, great-tasting drinking water. This annual report allows us the opportunity to reach out and provide important information about the drinking water and services provided to them in 2018.

City of Titusville Water Resources Department

The Water We Drink 20182019 Edition

Additional information on drinking water is available from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800) 426-4791.

Electronic Services(321) 567-3855

Reclaimed Water(321) 567-3891

Utility Engineering(321) 567-3859

Water Production(321) 567-3855

Field Operations(321) 567-3883

Administration & Conservation(321) 567-3855

Environmental Laboratory Services(321) 567-3891

Sean L. Stauffer, P.E., Director

Titusville Water Resourceswww.titusville.com2836 Garden Street • Titusville, FL 32796

The Water We Drink 2018 is available online at titusville.com/ccr and on the Water Resources pages at www.titusville.com. To receive a copy by mail, call (321) 567-3865.

Titusville City Council meetings are regularly held on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month at 6:30 p.m. These meetings are open to the public and are held in the Council Chamber at City Hall. City Hall is located at 555 S. Washington Avenue in Titusville, Florida.

Titusville’s primary source for drinking water is groundwater pumped from the Surficial and Floridan Aquifers. Raw water from Titusville’s wellfields is pumped to the Mourning Dove Water Treatment Plant for processing prior to delivery to Titusville’s homes and businesses.

Titusville amends its water supply by purchasing water from the City of Cocoa. Less than 10 percent of the drinking water distributed by Titusville in 2018 was purchased from Cocoa. Cocoa’s water sources include groundwater from the Floridan and Intermediate Aquifers, surface water from the Taylor Creek Reservoir, and aquifer storage and recovery wells.

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) developed the Source Water Assessment and Protection Program (SWAPP) to ensure that your drinking water is safe, not just at the tap, but at its source. FDEP performs assessments to help communities understand the potential threats to their water supply. The potential sources of contamination identified by assessments are just that: potential sources.

Titusville’s 2018 assessment identified 14 unique potential contaminant sources, including brownfields, petroleum storage tanks, dry cleaner, a waste cleanup site, and hazardous waste. These potential contaminant sources have susceptibility scores ranging from 6.66 to 111.11, and concern levels from low to high. Titusville’s assessment results can be obtained from Titusville’s Water Production Division, (321) 567-3855 or found on the FDEP’s website https://fldep.dep.state.fl.us/swapp/.

The City of Cocoa’s 2018 source water assessment identified 27 potential sources of contamination with low to moderate susceptibility levels for its groundwater sources. For its surface water intake area, the surface water system is considered to be at high risk because of the many potential sources of contamination present in the assessment area. Assessment results can be obtained from the City of Cocoa, (321) 433-8705 or email ddowns@cocoafl.org or at FDEP’s website https://fldep.dep.state.fl.us/swapp/.

Titusville uses a three-step treatment process to ensure its customers receive only the best-tasting drinking water: coagulation, disinfection, and filtration.

Treatment begins when raw water enters the clarifier unit. Lime is added to the water to reduce hardness, along with a coagulant that is added to remove any suspended solids. As the water spins in the unit, any debris is removed. Upon exiting the clarifier, the water is injected with chlorine for disinfection, carbon dioxide (CO2) to stabilize pH, fluoride to promote dental health, and ammonia. The ammonia combines with the chlorine to form chloramines to reduce any chlorine taste or smell. The treated water is then polished and any remaining impurities are removed as it passes through rapid sand filters in the final step of the treatment process.

Where Our Water Comes From

FDEP Safeguards Water Sources

The City of Titusville Water Resources Department is charged with providing drinking (potable) water, wastewater, and reclaimed water service to the residents and customers of the City of Titusville. Our staff of water professionals include engineers, laboratory technicians, licensed operators, field technicians, and equipment operators all working to ensure only the highest quality drinking water is provided to our water consumers. We manage, operate, and maintain a drinking water utility system that includes 1 water treatment plant, 3 wellfields, 357 miles of water mains, 2,120 fire hydrants, and 22,000 meters.

City of Titusville Water Resources Department

How Our Water Is Treated

4.52 milliongallonsof water

treated In 2018

Vulnerability Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants can be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/Center for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbiological contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.

Water Sources The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: (A) Microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife.(B) Inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming.(C) Pesticides and herbicides, which may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses.(D) Organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems. (E) Radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally occurring or be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations, which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water, which must provide the same protection for public health.Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that the water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the Environmental Protection Agency’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.

Lead If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. The City of Titusville Water Resources Department is responsible for providing high quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/lead.

EPA Guidance on Drinking Water

Eastern Standard TimeNovember 3, 2019 - March 8, 2020Irrigation Limited to Once a Week

Residential Addresses:Odd Numbered: Saturday OnlyEven-Numbered: Sunday Only

Commercial Addresses:Friday Only

Daylight Saving TimeMarch 10, 2019 - November 3, 2019Irrigation Limited to Twice a Week

Residential Addresses:Odd Numbered: Wednesday & SaturdayEven-Numbered: Thursday & Sunday

Commercial Addresses:Tuesday & Friday

When Can I Water My Yard?

The typical residential yard dominated by turf grass can use over 50% more water than yards composed of a mix of regionally appropri-ate groundcover, shrubs, and trees.

Environmental Protection Agency

Urban landscape irrigation is one of the largest growing water use sectors in Florida. Educating homeowners on efficient irrigation, as well as on alternatives to high water use turf is an important part of the Water Resources Conservation Program’s outreach efforts. We encourage our residents to use Florida-Friendly landscaping techniques and incorporate waterwise and native plants in their home landscapes, so they can create attractive, low-maintenance, water-conserving yards that work with Florida’s environment instead of against it. To learn more about making your yard Florida-Friendly and the irrigation restrictions contact the Titusville Conservation Office at 321-567-3865 or by visiting the Water Resources Department’s Conservation Program pages at www.titusville.com.

In Titusville, well water, city water, stormwater, and reclaimed water all fall under the irrigation restrictions. Landscape irrigation schedules are set by the St. Johns River Water Management District and are linked to biannual time zone changes.

No watering between10 a.m. and 4 p.m.

What’s Your Run Time?Each irrigation zone’s “run time” should be determined individ-ually. The system needs to run long enough to put 1/2 to 3/4 inches of water in each zone. Spray-type heads require about one-fourth the amount of time compared to rotor-type heads.

To determine how long to run your system, scatter randomly five to ten small cans (like tuna fish or cat food cans) in one zone. Water that zone for 15 minutes. Use a ruler to measure the depth of water in each container. Repeat for each zone. Calculate the average depth of water collected in the contain-ers. This will give you the application rate in inches per fifteen minutes. Multiply the rate by four to determine how much your system puts out in an hour. Adjust the run time to reach your 1/2- to 3/4-inches goal.

A wide range of programs and services are available to Titusville water customers through the Water Resources Conservation Program. The Conservation Program is dedicated to educating Titusville water consumers on how to save water, how to protect our water resources, and how to use water efficiently. Through the Conservation Program, Titusville residents can learn how to modify their everyday habits to achieve water-savings, increase water use efficiency, and protect the health of the environment.

Water Conservation Program

Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow.Level 1 Assessment: A Level 1 assessment is a study of the water system to identify potential problems and determine (if possible) why total coliform bacteria have been found in our water system.Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL: The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to the MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal or MCLG: The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety.Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level or MRDL: The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants.Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal or MRDLG: The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants.

N/A: Not applicable.N/D: Means not detected and indicates that the substance was not found by laboratory analysis.Parts per billion (ppb): One part by weight of analyte to 1 billion parts by weight of the water sample.Parts per million (ppm): One part by weight of analyte to 1 million parts by weight of the water sample.Parts per quadrillion (ppq) or Picograms per liter (picograms/l): one part by weight of analyte to 1 quadrillion parts by weight of the water sample.Parts per trillion (ppt) or Nanograms per liter (nanograms/l): one part by weight of analyte to 1 trillion parts by weight of the water sample.Picocurie per liter (pCi/L): Measure of the radioactivity in water.Treatment Technique (TT): A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water.

Terms & Abbreviations

Table Notes

The following tables show the results for the drinking water monitoring Titusville Water Resources Department performed during 2018. We continuously test and monitor your drinking water from the time it is pumped out of the ground until its delivery at your home.

We routinely monitor for contaminants in your drinking water according to federal and state laws, rules, and regulations. Except where indicated otherwise, this report is based on the results of our monitoring for the period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. Data obtained before January 1, 2018 and presented in this report are from the most recent testing done in accordance with the laws, rules, and regulations.

As authorized and approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the State of Florida has reduced monitoring requirements for certain contaminants to less often than once per year because the concentrations of these contaminants are not expected to vary significantly from year to year. Therefore, some of our data, though representative, is more than one year old.

Understanding Water QualityMonitoring Results

Contaminant andUnit of Measurement

Dates of Sampling(mo/yr)

Level Detected(Average) Range Likely Source of Contamination

Bromochloroacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 2.73 ND - 11.4 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Bromodichloroacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 0.66 ND - 2.2 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Chlorodibromoacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 0.28 ND - 1.5 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Dibromoacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 1.14 ND - 6 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Dichloroacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 7.17 0.61 - 24.4 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Monobromoacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 0.18 ND - 1.1 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Monochloroacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 1.90 ND - 12 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Tribromoacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 0.15 ND - 0.85 By-product of drinking water disinfection

Trichloroacetic Acid (ppb) 6/18, 9/18, 12/18 1.61 0.56 - 4.1 By-product of drinking water disinfection

The Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR) enables the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to collect data for contaminants that are suspected to be present in drinking water and do not have health-based standards, such as maximum contaminant levels. The data is collected from public water systems (PWSs) that monitor for the contaminants. The City of Titusville has been monitoring for unregulated contaminants to help the EPA determine the occurrence of unregulated contaminants (UCs). Our monitoring results are shown in the table below.

Cryptosporidium is a microbial parasite found in surface water throughout the United States. A small portion of Titusville’s water comes from the City of Cocoa. Cocoa’s use of surface water requires it to monitor for Cryptosporidium. Cocoa detected Cryptosporidium in its untreated surface water in two out of twenty-five samples tested from 2006 through 2008. Cocoa sampled Taylor Creek Reservoir for Cryptosporidium once a month from October, 2006 through October, 2008 in accordance with FDEP’s Long Term 2 (LT2) Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. Sampling was done to provide a baseline for the amount of Cryptosporidium in the reservoir. This baseline will be used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to increase treatment techniques or allow established techniques to continue to treat the surface water. Cocoa began testing for LT2 compliance again from March, 2015 to March, 2017.

Although filtration can remove Cryptosporidium, it does not guarantee 100 percent removal. To ensure the highest possible removal rate, Cocoa ozonates all surface water. Ozone is a powerful disinfectant that effectively destroys Cryptosporidium.

Cryptosporidium may cause serious illness in immuno-compromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders. Immuno-compromised individuals should consult their health care provider regarding appropriate precautions to take to prevent infection. Cryptosporidium must be ingested for it to cause disease, and it may be spread through means other than drinking water. For further information on Cocoa’s water quality, contact the City of Cocoa at (321) 433-8705.

What Is Cryptosporidium?

How Are Health Standardsfor Contaminants Determined?

For more information

on the EPA’s Unregulated

Contaminants Monitoring Rule,

call the Safe Drinking Water

Hotline at (800) 426-4791.

In 2018, you received a notice that on March 29, 2018, we learned that samples collected on March 27, 2018 from our three wellfield sample points 2836 Garden St. Plant Raw (from Areas II, III, and IV Wellfields), 2836 Garden St. Area IV Raw (from Area IV Wellfield), and Barna Raw (from Area III Wellfield) were fecal coliform positive. Although Coliform was present, our lab did not perform additional analyses to determine the type of Coliform bacteria present. We immediately collected new samples from all three wellfield sample points. No Coliform was present in the samples taken on March 29, 2018 from each of the wellfield sample points.

Immediately upon learning of the positive Fecal Coliform samples, the City of Titusville re-sampled the three wellfield sample points (March 29, 2018). No Fecal Coliform was present in the new samples or in subsequent weekly samples on April 4, April 11, and April 17, 2018. To ensure errors do not occur again, personnel training and sampling protocols and procedures have been reviewed and amended.

Coliform bacteria are indicator organisms. Fecal indicators are microbes whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Microbes in these wastes can cause short-term health effects, such as diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. They may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, some of the elderly, and people with severely compromised immune systems. These symptoms are not caused only by organisms in drinking water. If you experience any of these symptoms and they persist, you may want to seek medical advice. People at increased risk should seek advice from their health care providers about drinking this water.

Violation Information

In 2018, while performing routine water quality monitoring, we had a positive total Coliform result in a small segment of our distribution system. Coliforms are bacteria that are naturally present in the environment and are used as an indicator that other, potentially harmful, waterborne pathogens may be present or that a potential pathway exists through which contamination may enter the drinking water distribution system. Finding coliforms indicted the need to look for potential problems in water treatment or distribution. We then are required to conduct an assessment to identify problems and to correct any problems that were found during these assessments.

During the past year we were required to conduct one Level 1 Assessment. One Level 1 Assessment was completed. In addition we were required to take one corrective action and we completed the one action.

Upon investigation, it was discovered that a homeowner had left a hose connected between a hose bib with city water and his well, creating a cross connection. A valve in the area had also been inadvertently closed.

You play an important role in ensuring the safety of your drinking water. Eliminating cross connections and opportunities for backflow events is one way to help ensure that safety. Connecting a hose to an outside faucet and any other system or reservoir, creates an opportunity for contamination to backflow into your drinking water. Connecting fertilizer or chemical sprayers to a hose end; and turning off a hose spray nozzle, while leaving the faucet open also create a situation that has the potential for contaminants to backflow into your home and the water system.

Don’t risk your family’s safety. Avoid connecting contaminants to hose ends. Always turn off the water at the faucet, not the hose end. Never connect any other water source to your drinking water system.

1Results in the Level Detected column for radioactive contaminants, inorganic contaminants, synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides, and volatile organic contaminants are the highest detected level at any sampling point. 2For Chloramines, Level Detected is the highest running annual average (RAA), computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected. The Range of Results is the range of results of all individual samples collected during the past year. 3For Haloacetic Acids (HHA5) and Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM), Level Detected is the highest RAA, computed quarterly, of quarterly averages of all samples collected. The Range of Results is the range of individual sample results (lowest to highest) for all monitoring locations.

Water Quality Monitoring Results1Results in the Level Detected column for radioactive contaminants, inorganic contaminants, synthetic organic contaminants including pesticides and herbicides, and volatile organic contaminants are the highest detected level at any sampling point.

Water Quality Monitoring Results

During the periods July – December, 2017; January – June, 2018; and July – October, 2018, our system’s alkalinity level was outside the recommended optimal range for this parameter. This is a drinking water technique violation. It is considered a Treatment Technique Violation of the federal Lead and Copper Rule if a water system operates with WQPs outside of its recommended optimal range for more than nine days.We routinely monitor your water for the water quality parameters (WQPs): pH, alkalinity and total hardness to confirm that we are adequately controlling corrosion. Corrosion in water systems is defined as the electrochemical interaction between a metal surface such as a pipe wall and water. Although we had monitored for alkalinity as required, our system’s alkalinity level was at times above the optimal range, which means it may have provided more corrosion control than necessary.We adjusted our water treatment on October 15, 2018, by adjusting the amount of Quicklime used. This adjustment brought our alkalinity level to within the optimal water quality parameter range. We will continue to monitor plant operations to maintain water quality parameters. During the period that the treatment was out of adjustment, it is possible that lead and/or copper could have leached from plumbing components into the water. We do not know the amount, if any, of lead and/or copper that may have leached into the water. As shown in the table above, Titusville’s lead and copper monitoring results for 2018, and historically, are well below regulated levels. Some people who drink water containing specific contaminants could become seriously ill. Health effects language for individual contaminants can be obtained by visiting the EPA website at: https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=c075a7243829807472f26dfc79367b2e&mc=true&node=ap40.25.141_1211.b&rgn=div9.

Water Quality Monitoring Results

2For Chloramines, Level Detected is the highest running annual average (RAA), computed quarterly, of monthly averages of all samples collected. The Range of Results is the range of results of all individual samples collected during the past year.

3For Haloacetic Acids (HHA5) and Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM), Level Detected is the highest RAA, computed quarterly, of quarterly averages of all samples collected. The Range of Results is the range of individual sample results (lowest to highest) for all monitoring locations.