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7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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1 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Company Confidential
WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Tomasz Lesniak Solutions Manager
Nokia Networks, Orange Poland
7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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2 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Content
• Motivation for in-building systems
• Cost structure of indoor solutions
• Indoor solution positioning
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3 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
The Impact of Data Rate on Indoor Coverage – City View
• Even a very well built outdoor coverage cannot guarantee good indoor service
• To sustain high enough Quality of End user Experience (QoE) special indoor solutions are needed
4 km2 area- 30 micro cells, ~ 300 m
distance between sites- 6 macro cells, ~ 600 m
distance between sites
In light blue areasthere is 384 kbpsservice
In light blue areasthere is 384 kbpsservice
In dark blue areasthere is voiceservice but not384 kbps service
7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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4 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Company Confidential
Radio Environment for Indoor SolutionsHigh rise floors: Dominantsignal needed (many strong
signals from macro sitespresent)
Areas inside the buildings:Wall structures cause
signal attenuation
Underground floors: Signalcannot penetrate from
outdoors
Material Attenuation
Glass 3 - 6 dB
Brick and concrete 12 - 18 dB
Reinforced concrete 22 - 26 dB
7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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5 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Motivation
• 3G network needs to support end-user applications based on high bit
rates ( above 128 kbit/s)
• Basic network coverage will be built from macro sites, but path lossto indoors will be high resulting as signal quality degradation
• Dedicated indoor solutions are needed to ensure high quality 3G end-
user applications
Where are dedicated indoor solutions needed?
What are the best solutions technically and economically?
7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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6 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Indoor technologies
Pico BTS
Pico BTS
Macro BTS
Fiber optic RF heads
Macro BTS
Antennas
DistributedAntenna System,DASCoaxialdistributionnetwork withremote antennas
Fiber OpticDistributionSystem, FODSFiber opticdistributionnetwork withRF heads
Small sizededicatedindoor basestation, PicoBTS
Pico BTS
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7 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Distributed Antenna System
• Passive antenna network
• Widely used as a 2G indoor solution
• Best 3G solution if cabling already exists and canbe re-used
• Installation of low loss (thick) coaxial cables
difficult or sometimes impossible
• In new installations cabling is a major costfactor
Macro BTS
Antennas
BTS & TRSEquipment Cost
Network Cost
Signal DistributionMaterial
Implementation
work
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8 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
MetroSite DAS
• WCDMA MetroSite can be used withmajority of the existing 2G DASsystems
• DAS is cost efficient solution fornew installations if 2G support isalso needed
• DAS is in practise maintenance free
38 dBm output power (8W)
15/8 dBmat antenna port
23/30 dB antenna line loss allowed:½” cable length in 4 splitter chain: 90/160 meters (max 16 antennas)½” cable length in 3 splitter chain: 125/195 meters (max 8 antennas)
½” cable length in 2 splitter chain: 160/230 meters (max 4 antennas)
Capacity Evolution:• 128 hw channels• Two carriers
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9 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Fiber optic distribution system
• Active remote units
• Fiber installation easier than coaxial cables
• Flexible capacity evolution, diversity
supported
• Cost of remote units dominate
Macro BTS
Fiber optic RF heads
BTS & TRSEquipment CostNetwork Cost
Signal DistributionMaterialRF Remote Units
Implementation work
7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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10 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Nokia Advanced Indoor Radio (AIR)
• Nokia Advanced Indoor Radio is solution for Local Area BTS applications with HSDPA
support for Nokia WCDMA UltraSite platform
• Highly integrated (plug-in unit), logically part of BTS with integrated O&M
Optical Unit doesnot require linearpower amplifierWPA or antenna
filter WAF
Optical sectors andnormal sectors areallowed in different
combinations
Optical Unit is partof BTS's internalcommunication
system
Optical Unitsupports up to 16
Remote Units
Tx
Rx
WCDMA RemoteUnit WRU withintegrated antenna
External IndoorAntennas(optional)
Coaxial CableAC Power
Omni
Directional
Single modefibre, lengthup to 3 km.
WCDMA BTS withWCDMA Optical Unit WOU
Pout=15dBm
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11 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Nokia Advanced Indoor Radio Units
• Introduction of remote unit and one new plug in unit
• Evolution path to HSDPA indoor cell without any new AIR hardware
• Remote unit compliant with 3GPP specification for local area BTS
WCDMA BTS CabinetsWCDMA BTS CabinetsPlug in Unit forPlug in Unit forNokia AdvancedNokia Advanced
Indoor RadioIndoor Radio
Remote UnitRemote Unitwith Integratedwith Integrated
AntennaAntenna
ExternalExternalAntennasAntennas
NokiaNokia
UltraSiteUltraSiteWCDMAWCDMABTSBTS OptimaOptima
CompactCompact
NokiaNokiaUltraSiteUltraSiteWCDMAWCDMA
BTSBTS SupremeSupreme
OmniOmni
DirectionalDirectional
WOUWOUWRUWRU
WOU supportingup to 16 remote
units
WRU withoptional
integratedantenna
Down-loadableWRU SW
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12 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
RS 232connector forLocalManagementTool port
SMA RF-connectorsfor transceiverinterface
Optical connectors(SC/AdPC) for WRUinterface (16 TX/RXpairs)
WCDMA Optical Unit (WOU)
• Highly integrated WOU plug-in unit inside BTS
• Placed into the WPA slot in BTS
• Integrated O&M
• Converts RF from WTR to optical signal
• Supports up to 16 remote units
Tx
Rx
WCDMA RemoteUnit WRU with
integrated
antenna
External IndoorAntennas
(optional)
Coaxial CableAC Power
Omni
Directional
Single modefibre, length
up to 3 km
WCDMA BTS with
WCDMA Optical Unit WOU
Pout=15dBm
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13 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Wideband Optical Unit (WOU)
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14 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Wideband Remote Unit withcover
Dimensions: 350 x 225 x 35 mm
Output power 15 dBm
Wideband Remote Unit
Connectors
Optical interface
RF output(SMA)
WCDMA Remote Unit (WRU)
Power
7/25/2019 WCDMA Indoor Solutions 2005
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15 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
AIR Configuration (first release)16 WRU with one TRX, maximum coverage
WTRB
TX1
Rx1 main
Rx1 div
WOM
WIC
WOM
1 cell1 - 16 WRU’s / cell
iversity supported
WRUWRU
WRU
WRUWRU
WRUWRU
WOU
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16 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Nokia AIR vs. external FODS
• Fiber Optic Distribution System is optimum solution for big in-building systems
with long distance between Node-B and antenna
• Makes possible to cover very large area with one Node-B
• Maximum base band pooling gain
• Maximum Iub trunking gain -> minimises Iub capacity need
• Easy configuration changes based on capacity needs
• Rx diversity improves uplink throughput up to 70%
• Tx diversity doubles throughput in downlink
Differences between Nokia AIR and 3rd Party FODS
WOUWOUReplacesReplacesWPA and WAFWPA and WAF
11--1616 WRUsWRUs / WOU/ WOU WRUWRU
Attenuator
O&M•Alarms to Node-B external alarms•Or own DCN
O&M•Part of Node-B
WOU
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17 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Pico BTS
• Small size 1 carrier BTS
• Very high integration level to bring the OPEXto acceptable level
• Pico BTS solution can be improved:• Support for 2-4 remote antennas
• Cost efficient transmission solution (xDSL, IP)
• Transmission and network costs dominate
Pico BTS
BTS & TRSEquipment Cost
Network Cost
Signal DistributionMaterial
Implementationwork
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18 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Nokia Pico BTS main features
• Size ~10 liters, weight ~7kg
• Wall mounted, Indoor use
• Capacity:
• min. (common signalling channels + 64 AMR calls)
or (common signalling channels +4 simultaneous 384 kbit/s users)
• RF performance:
• 3GPP local area base station
• Output power 250 mW
• Receiver diversity support
• HSPA support
• HSDPA up to 15 codes, QPSK and 16QAM modulation, 10.7Mbit/s, 16 users
• HSUPA capable with SW up-grade
• Transport interface options:
• 4xE1/ T1/JT1, Ethernet• DSL with external modem
• Integrated antenna, SMA-connectors for external antennas and DAS
• Convection cooling, no fans, silent
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19 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Indoor Solution Positioning
Large
Medium
Small
Traffic inside the building
C o v e r a g e
a r e a
Low Medium High
Nokia Pico Base Station
NokiaAdvancedIndoor Radio
&Nokia Pico Base
Station
Advanced Indoor Cell
Indoor Cell Splitting
Advanced
HSDPA IndoorCell
Nokia Advanced Indoor RadioMetroSite DAS
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20 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
Possible future products for enhanced indoor coverage
• Low power remote RF-heads
- OBSAI compliant
- 10-15dBm output power
- integrated antenna- can share the same baseband resources with macro sectors
- enables large nr of remote heads per BTS (up to 48)
• Femto BTS
- small, low capacity (20-40 AMR calls) BTS
- IP connectivity, able to use existing cabling in the building
- 10-15dBm output power
- integrated antenna
- Iub/IP or Gi interface
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21 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor Solutions
Customer Confidential
WCDMA Pico BTS Questions
Pico BTS
• What kind of applications do you see for the pico BTS?
• What type of transport would you like to use?
• Ethernet, DSL
• E1 or something else?
• What are the estimated annual volumes?
• Alternative solutions
• How widely are DAS, distributed antenna systems in use? Is itplanned to be shared between 2G/3G?
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22 © 2005 Nokia Nokia WCDMA Indoor SolutionsCompany Confidential
Let’s make it indoor!