GEOL 332 Final Exam Name: _________________________________________________ Date: __________________ 100 Points (1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Division is massive and probably represents traction flow? (a) Ta (b) Tb (c) Tc (d) Td (1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Division is cross laminated? (a) Ta (b) Tb (c) Tc (d) Td (1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Divisions are more likely in a distal setting? (a) Ta & Tb (b) Tb & Tc (c) Tc & Td (1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Divisions are parallel (plane bed) laminated? (a) Ta & Tb (b) Tb & Tc (c) Tc & Td (d) Td & Tb (1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which is correct for A and B? (a) Planar Cross Laminations and Trough Cross Lamination (b) Planar Cross Bedding and Trough Cross Bedding (c) Planar Cross Laminations and Trough Cross Bedding (d) a & b (1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which are representative of sustained high velocity flows. (a) A (b) B (1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which are representative of sustained high velocity flows. (a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D 1 | Page
(1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Division is massive and probably represents traction flow?
(a) Ta (b) Tb (c) Tc (d) Td
(1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Division is cross laminated?
(a) Ta (b) Tb (c) Tc (d) Td
(1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Divisions are more likely in a distal setting?
(a) Ta & Tb (b) Tb & Tc (c) Tc & Td
(1) 3 pts. Bouma Sequence: Which Divisions are parallel (plane bed) laminated?
(a) Ta & Tb (b) Tb & Tc(c) Tc & Td (d) Td & Tb
(1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which is correct for A and B?
(a) Planar Cross Laminations and Trough Cross Lamination(b) Planar Cross Bedding and Trough Cross Bedding(c) Planar Cross Laminations and Trough Cross Bedding(d) a & b
(1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which are representative of sustained high velocity flows.
(a) A (b) B
(1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which are representative of sustained high velocity flows.
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
(1) 3 pts. Using the figure at the right, which is correct for C and D:
(a) Set and Co-set (b) Co-Set and Set(c) Lamination and Bed (d) Bed and Co-Bed
(1) 3 pts. What does the Reynolds Number represent?
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(a) The velocity when flow causes erosion. (b) The flow depth when sediment can be entrained. (c) The transition from laminar to turbulent flow. (d) The transition between erosion and entrainment.
(1) 3 pts. Reynolds Number: What factors increase Re?
(a) viscosity & density (b) radius of cylinder & density (c) velocity & viscosity
(1) 3 pts. What does the Froude Number represent?
(a) The velocity when flow causes erosion. (b) The flow depth when sediment can be entrained. (c) The transition from subcritical to supercritical flow. (d) The transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
(1) 3 pts. When the Froude Number is < 1
(a) Wave Velocity >> Flow Velocity (b) Flow Velocity >> Wave Velocity (c) c & d(d) Standing Waves Form (e) Waves can Propagate upstream (f) a & d
(1) 3 pts. Standing Dunes create:
(a) erosion on the stoss and deposition on the lee(b) deposition on the stoss and erosion on the lee
(1) 3 pts. Answer the following question using the figure at the right. These are profiles 0 – 4 of the sea floor. Choose the sediment transport mechanism.
Answer the following X questions using the figure at the right.
(1) 3 pts. Match A & B.
(a) Crest Point, Trough Point (b) Separation Point, Attachment Point(c) Uplift Point, Lowering Point(d) Cross Bed Point, Plane Bed Point
(1) 3 pts. Where is there sedimentation __ and erosion __?
(a) C, D(b) E, F
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(c) F, E(d) D, E
(1) 3 pts. Bedforms migrate from:
(a) Right to Left (b) Left to Right (c) They do no migrate
(1) 3 pts. Sediment transport in the region of E includes
(a) Saltation (b) Rolling (c) Avalanching(d) a & b (e) b & c
(1) 3 pts. Sediment transport in the region of F includes
(a) Saltation (b) Rolling (c) Avalanching(d) a & b (e) b & c
Use the figure at the right for the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which layers of the flow are associated with each label: Viscous Sublayer, Flow Depth, Boundary Layer?
(a) C, B, A (b) B, A, C(c) A, B, C (d) B, C, A
(1) 3 pts. Which is a Smooth Boundary and which is a Rough Boundary?
(a) M & N (b) N & M
Use the figure at the right for the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. The following are Deep Water Waves and Shallow Water Waves
(a) B & A (b) A & B(c) both (d) neither
(1) 3 pts. What is the difference between wave ripples/dunes and current ripples/dunes?
(a) Wave = Asymmetrical Current = Symmetrical(b) Wave = Symmetrical Current = Asymmetrical(c) Wave = Asymmetrical Current = Asymmetrical (d) Wave = Symmetrical Current = Symmetrical
(1) 3 pts. For wave ripples/dunes
(a) cross laminations dip in one direction (b) cross laminations dip in multiple directions
(1) 3 pts. For wave ripple/dune crests, sharper crests are due to:
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(a) lower flow velocity (b) higher flow velocity(c) deeper water (d) shallower water
(1) 3 pts. Say the word Hjülstrom out loud. What was the response from the class?
(a) people laughed (b) people asked you to be quiet(c) People Ignored you (d) none of the above: ___________________________
Answer the following as short answers:
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(1) 3 pts. Which has a shallower CCD?
(a) calcite (b) aragonite (c) neither, they are the same
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Larger particles deposit at larger flow velocities.
For the same particle side, it takes more flow velocity to erode material than it did for those particles to be deposited.
The smallest particles are cohesive and require even higher velocities to re-erode them ones they have been deposited.
Vertical = Flow Velocity (cm/s)
Horizontal = Particle Size (mm)
GEOL 332 Final Exam
(1) 3 pts. Use the diagram to the right to answer the following question. Which direction was the flow that controlled the orientation of these gravel clasts?
(a) A (b) B (c) neither
(1) 3 pts. Which depositional environment might produce an orthoconglomerate?
(a) river bar or channel (b) alluvial fan (c) lake (d) Sabkha
(1) 3 pts. Which depositional environment might produce a paraconglomerate?
(a) river bar or channel (b) alluvial fan (c) lake (d) Sabkha
(1) 3 pts. Extratransformational conglomerates are sourced:
(a) close to the depositional basin (b) outside of the depositional basin (c) a & b
(1) 3 pts. Fill in the spaces in the following diagram:
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
Use the diagram to the right to answer the next three questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which particle side distribution is bimodal?
(a) A (b) B (c) neither
(1) 3 pts. Which sediment sample is from the dunes?
(a) A (b) B (c) neither
(1) 3 pts. Which sediment sample is from a river?
(a) A (b) B (c) neither
Use the diagram to the right to answer the next three questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which sediment is possibly transported by traction?
(a) H (b) I & J (c) K
(1) 3 pts. Which sediment is possibly transported by saltation?
(a) H (b) I & J (c) K
(1) 3 pts. Which sediment is possibly transported by suspension?
(a) H (b) I & J (c) K
(1) 3 pts. Which clay layers are tetrahedral?
(a) SiO4 (b) Al(OH)x
(1) 3 pts. Which clay layers are octahedral?
(a) SiO4 (b) Al(OH)x
(1) 3 pts. Which type of clay expands when it gets wet?
(a) Kandite (b) Smectite (c) Illite
(1) 3 pts. Fill in the spaces in the following diagram:
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(1) 3 pts. Why are shales more prone to compaction than sandstone?
(a) they are weaker (b) they have lower porosity (c) they have higher porosity
(1) 3 pts. What is the cause for concretions?
(a) Nucleation from something that is round (b) Nucleation based on changes in pH(c) Nucleation surrounding a silicate embedded within a carbonate (d) Nucleation from something organic (e) a and possibly c (f) b and possibly d
(1) 3 pts. Which is the cause for Liesengangen Bands?
(a) groundwater enriched in Fe & Mn precipitates as cement(b) groundwater dissolves existing Fe & Mn (c) something else
(1) 3 pts. What controls the location of Liesengangen Bands?
(a) temperature (b) composition of host rock(c) porosity of host rock (d) bedding of host rock
(1) 3 pts. In alluvial fans, debris flows are _____ and sheet floods are ______?
(a) poorly sorted, well stratified (b) well stratified, poorly sorted
(1) 3 pts. In alluvial fans, debris flows are _____ and sheet floods are ______?
(a) laminar, turbulent (b) laminar, turbulent
(1) 3 pts. Which has the most water content?
(a) channel flow (b) sheet flow (c) debris flow
(1) 3 pts. Which type of sediment transport leads to sieve lobes?
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(a) channel flow (b) sheet flow (c) debris flow
Use the figure below to answer the following two questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which lithostratigraphic column represents sheet flow fan deposition?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) none of these
(1) 3 pts. Which lithostratigraphic column represents debris flow fan deposition?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) none of these
(1) 3 pts. Which variables increase stream power?
(a) gravity (b) slope (c) discharge(d) density (e) a, b, c (f) b, c, d
(1) 3 pts. Braided Rivers have?
(a) high suspended load (b) high bed load(c) both (d) neither
(1) 3 pts. Meandering Rivers have?
(a) high suspended load (b) high bed load(c) both (d) neither
(1) 3 pts. Which river systems leave behind a finer grained stratigraphic architecture?
(a) meandering (b) braided (c) anastomosing
(1) 3 pts. What controls the thermocline in a lake?
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CBA
GEOL 332 Final Exam
(a) turbulent mixing (b) sunlight (c) changes in density(d) a & b (e) b & c (f) a, b, & c
(1) 3 pts. Which is anoxic?
(a) Epilimnion (b) Hypolimnion(c) neither (d) both
(1) 3 pts. Which flows along the surface waters?
(a) Hyperpycnal flow (b) Hypopycnal Flow
(1) 3 pts. Describe the process that leads to interbedded mudstone and evaporite deposits?
When an ephemeral lake receives an influx of water and sediment, mud is deposited from suspension to form a thin bed that is overlain by evaporite minerals as the water evaporates. Repetitions of this process create a series of couplets of mudstone and evaporite.
(1) 3 pts. Which type of lake is closed, ephemeral, and contains dissolved ions that are concentrated due to evaporation?
(a) freshwater (b) saline (c) ephemeral
Use the figure below to answer the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. What are the horizontal (B) and vertical (A) axes?
(1) 3 pts. Which dunes are the following: (barchan, linear, transverse, star)?
(a) A, B, C, D (b) D, B, C, A (c) D, C, B, A (d) B, A, D, C
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(1) 3 pts. Using the figure to the right, which is the wind circulation around a High Pressure system in the N. Hemisphere?
(a) A (b) B (c) neither
(1) 3 pts. Describe the Thermohaline Circulation in the Atlantic Ocean?
Use the figure below to answer the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which region would we find wackestone?
(a) A (b) B (c) C(d) D (e) E (f) F
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(1) 3 pts. Which region would we find grainstone?
(a) A (b) B (c) E(d) F (e) A&E (f) F&C
(1) 3 pts. Which region would we find boundstone?
(a) A (b) C (c) D(d) E (e) C&D(f) A&D
Use the figure to the right to answer the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which are the following: Non-Rimmed Carbonate Shelf, Rimmed Carbonate Shelf, Ramp?
(a) A,B,C (b) B,C,A (c) C,B,A
(1) 3 pts. In what depositional environment would we find grainstone?
(a) i (b) ii (c) iii (d) iiii (e) iiiii
(1) 3 pts. In what depositional environment would we find mudstone/wackestone?
(a) i (b) ii (c) iii (d) iiii (e) iiiii
(1) 3 pts. In what depositional environment would we find boundstone?
(a) k (b) kk (c) kkk (d) kkkk (e) kkkkk
(1) 3 pts. Fill in the blanks:
Use the figure below to answer the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which are the following? Continental Shelf, Continental Slope, Continental Rise, Abyssal Plain
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(a) C,D,B,A (b) A,B,C,D(c) D,C,B,A (e) B,C,D,A
(1) 3 pts. Where would we find turbidites deposited?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
(1) 3 pts. Where would we find mudstone deposited?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
(1) 3 pts. Where would we find hummocky cross-stratification?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
Use the figure to the right to answer the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which is a wave dominated delta?(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(1) 3 pts. Which is a river dominated delta?(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(1) 3 pts. Which is a tide dominated delta? (a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
(1) 3 pts. When are the highest tidal velocities?
(a) high tide (b) low tide(c) half way between tides
Use the figure to the right to answer the following X questions.
(1) 3 pts. Which represents a prograding shoreline?(a) A (b) B (c) C
(1) 3 pts. Which represents a retrograding shoreline?(a) A (b) B (c) C
(1) 3 pts. Which represents an aggrading shoreline?(a) A (b) B (c) C
(1) 3 pts. A prograding shoreline leaves what type of sequence?(a) upward coarsening (b) upward fining (c) neither, upward coarsening nor upward fining
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(1) 3 pts. Where are the finest texture deposits?(a) delta plain (b) interdistributary bay (c) distributary channels(d) mouth bars (d) a & b (f) c & d
(1) 3 pts. Where are the coarsest texture deposits?(a) delta plain (b) interdistributary bay (c) distributary channels(d) mouth bars (d) a & b (f) c & d
(1) 3 pts. Describe how a marine terrace is formed:
(1) 3 pts. What is the order of events from oldest to youngest?
(1) 3 pts. What changes when an isotope is formed?(a) # protons (b) # electrons (c) # neutrons (d) none of these
(1) 3 pts. Which assumption is known to be violated and accounted for with 14C age methods?(a) closed system (b) known ½ life (c) closure time (d) initial concentration
(1) 3 pts. Which provides a higher resolution data for 210Pb based sedimentation rates?(a) higher sedimentation rate (b) lower sedimentation rate(c) low rates of bioturbation (d) high rates of bioturbation
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GEOL 332 Final Exam
(1) 3 pts. How far back in time can 14C be used?(a) calcite (b) aragonite (c) neither, they are the same
(1) 3 pts. Which age method helped with calibrating the 14C curve?(a) varve chronology (b) dendrochronology (c) both (d) neither
(1) 3 pts. Describe the difference between magnetic secular variation and changes in magnetic polarity?
(1) 3 pts. What is magnetic inclination?(a) the angle measured between a magnetic field line and horizontal(b) the angle measured between magnetic north and true north(c) the difference between the modern field intensity and a paleointensity
