ddcsindhupalchowk.gov.npddcsindhupalchowk.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/... · Web viewk/fdz{bftf...

$Page 1: ddcsindhupalchowk.gov.npddcsindhupalchowk.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2016/... · Web viewk/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^# / lgodfjnL @)^$ adf]lhd u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlw$
k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL cfdGq0f

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no rf}tf/f,l;Gw'kfNrf]s

@)&# a}zfv

1

efu !k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL cfdGq0f kq

2

g]kfn ;/sf/;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{norf}tf/f, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

kq ;+Vof M )&@÷&#rnfgL g+=

ldltM @)&#÷ !÷&

ljifo M cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] nflu lj:t[t k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ;DjGwdf .

>L lu|8 sG;N6]G6 k|f=ln=,O{sf]sf]8 g]kfn k|f=ln=,hf;f{ O{lGhlgol/8 sG;N6]G;L k|f=ln=-h]eL;+vd'n !) sf7df08f} .>L Pe/]i6 O{lGhlgol/ª sG;N6]G6 k|f=ln=dxfb]j :yfg dfu{ , afg]Zj/ sf7df08f} .>L >]i7 sG;N6]G6 k|f=ln=,:sn/ g]kfn k|f=ln=, 8]enkd]G6 lehg sG;N6]G6 -h]eL_PsfGts'gf, nlntk'/ .>L l;d]sf sG;N6]G6 k|f=ln=, ?/n O{Gkm|f:6«Sr/ P08 d]g]hDofG6 sG;N6]G6 k|f=ln=,cleoGq sG;lN6ª k|f=ln=- h]eL_yfkfufp+ , sf7df08f}+ .

pk/f]Qm ;DjGwdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k|fljlws k/fdz{ ;]jf vl/bsf nflu ldlt @)&@÷!@÷% ut]sf] gof+ klqsf /fli6«o b}lgsdf k|sflzt cfzokq k]z ug]{ ;DaGwL ;"rgf cg';f/ To; kmd{af6 k]z ul/Psf] cfzokq -Expression of Interest_ ldlt @)&#÷!÷& ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;+lIfKt ;'lrdf 5gf}6 ePsf] x'Fbf cfhsf] ldltn] #) lbg leq 5'§f5'§} vfddf lznjGbL u/L lj:t[t k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj k]z ug'{x'g hfgsf/L u/fO{Psf] 5 . k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^# / lgodfjnL @)^$ adf]lhd u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlw -Quality and Cost Based Selection Method_ åf/f ul/g]5 . k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL cfdGq0f kqdf lgDg pNn]lvt b:tfj]hx? ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ . !=k/dz{bftfnfO{ k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL cfdGq0f kq@= k/fdz{bftfnfO{ k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL hfgsf/L#= k|fljlws k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL lgj]bg$= k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf%= cfly{s k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL lgj]bg^= cfly{s k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf&= sfo{ ljj/0f

3

k|:tfjsf ;fydf k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfx?n] sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/ dfu ul/Psf sfuhft tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf clgjfo{ ?kdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 .

s[i0faxfb'/ zfxL :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L

efu @ k/fdz{bftfx?nfO{ k|:tfj k]z k|lqmof ;DaGwL hfgsf/L

4

!= kl/ro!=! cfzo kq d"NofÍgaf6 ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf 5gf}6 ePsf of]Uo k/fdz{bftf ;

+:yfx? dWo] 8f6fl;6df tf]lsPsf] 5gf}6 ljlwåf/f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf -sDkgL jf kmd{_ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .

!=@ k|:Tffjbftfx?n] o; sfof{non] pknAw u/fPsf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf cg';f/ 8f6fl;6df pNn]v u/]cg';f/ g]kfnL jf c+u|]hL efiffdf k|:tfj tof/ ug'{kg]{5 . pQm k|:tfjx? g} k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf 5gf}6sf cfwf/ x'g]5g\ .

!=# k|:tfjbftf ;+:yf cfkm}n] k|:tfj tof/ ubf{ k|:tfljt sfo{sf] af/]df k|of{Kt hfgsf/L /fvL k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . k|:Tffljt sfo{ tyf :yfgLo cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{ k|:tfjbftfnfO{ k|:tfj k]z ug'{ cl3 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsg] 5 .

!=$ k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfnfO{ -s_ k|:tfj tof/L, ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL jftf{ tyf ;Demf}tfsf] nflu o; lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf pkl:yt x'Fbfsf] oftfoft tyf e|d0f vr{ o; sfo{af6 ;f]wegf{ lbOg] 5}g ;fy} -v_ k|fKt ePsf s'g} klg k|:tfj l:js[t ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no jfWo x'g] 5}g .

!=% lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]sn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLltut Joj:yf cg';f/ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfaf6 k]zfut, glthfd"ns, u'0f:t/Lo tyf lgikIf ;Nnfxsf] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 . k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfn] eljiodf s'g} klg sfdsf] ck]Iff gu/L cfˆgf] cGo s'g} kl/of]hgf tyf sfo{x?;Fu gaflemg] u/L hlxn] klg u|fxssf] ;jf]{Ts[i6 OR5fx? kl/k'tL{ ug{ sfo{ ug'{kg]{5 . u|fxssf] cGo rfn' tyf k"j{ kl/of]hgf / sfo{;+u aflemg] tyf u|fxssf] pRrtd OR5f cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ g;lsg] cj:yfdf o; sfo{sf nflu ;+:yfx? 5flgg] 5}g .

!=^ of] lgodsf] ;fDffGo cj:yfsf] l;ldttfdf tn pNn]lvt cj:yfx? ljBdfg ePsf] v08df ;+:yfx?;+u ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g . s'g} k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf tyf gLh;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx? hf] u|fxssf]

s'g} ;]jf tyf j:t' ;DaGwL kl/of]hgfdf ;+nUg /x]sf 5g\ ;f]xL kl/of]hgfsf nflu k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cof]Uo x'g]5g\ . To;sf] l7s ljkl/t ;DalGwt kl/of]hgfdf k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] tof/L tyf sfof{Gjogdf lgo'Qm ul/Psf ;+:yf tyf p;;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx? -klxn]sf] sfo{df ;+:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] afx]s pgLx? ;+nUg kl/of]hgfsf] k|f/lDes sfo{sf nflu ;]jf k|bfg ug{ cof]Uo x'g]5g\ .

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] cGo kl/of]hgf;Fu aflemg] k|s[ltsf] sfo{sf nflu To:tf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf tyf gLh;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx?nfO{ lgo'Qm ul/g]5}g .

;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfn] k]z u/]sf ljj/0f em"7f] 7xl/g uPsf] cj:yfdf ;DjlGwt kIf;+u ;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .

5

!=& o; sfof{no;+u ;Demf}tf ug]{ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf ;DalGwt k]zfut sd{rf/L tyf ;xof]uL kIfx? rfn' kl/of]hgfdf ;+nUg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|:tfj cl:js[t x'g]5 . k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ k"j{ o;af/] k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] u|fxs;Fu o;af/] k|i6 kfg'{ kg]{5 .

!=* :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf o; sfof{noaf6 ;xof]u k|fKt tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?n] k|:tfj 5gf}6 tyf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog ubf{ pRrtd g}ltstf k|bz{g ug'{ kg]{5 . o; gLlt;Fu d]nvfg] u/L sfof{non]M

s_ o; p2]Zo kl/k"tL{sf nflu lgb]{zgx? tn pNn]v eP adf]lhd kl/eflift ug]{

æe|i6rf/Æ eGgfn] k|:tfj 5gf}6 tyf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogdf ;+nUg ;fj{hlgs kbflwsf/Lsf] sfo{nfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ u/L s'g} klg d"Nojfg lrhx?sf] nflu cfJxfg ug]{, k|:tfj ug]{, lbg] tyf lng] a'lemG5 .

æclgoldttfÆ eGgfn] sfof{nonfO{ xfgL k'¥ofpg k|:tfj 5gf}6 tyf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf k|efj kfg{ tYox?sf] unt k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] a'lemG5 / o;n] k|:tfj k]z ug'{ k"j{ tyf kZrft u|fxsnfO{ :jtGq / v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{af6 kmfObf lng jl~rt ug]{ u/L gSsnL tyf k|lt:kwf{ gx'g] Go"g cfly{s b/df ;+:yfx? ldn]/ k|:tfj ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t a'emfpF5 .

v_ o; sfo{÷kl/of]hgfdf ;Demf}tfsf nflu l;kmfl/z ePsf k/dz{bftf ;+:yf s'g} æe|i6rf/Æ tyf æclgoldttfÆdf ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvPdf ;Demf}tfsf nflu k|:tfj c:jLsf/ ul/g]5 .

u_ k|:tfj 5gf}6 tyf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf tyf sfof{nosf] s'g} klg k|ltlglwx? s'g} æe|i6rf/Æ tyf æclgoldttfÆdf ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;+:yf;Fusf] ;Demf}tf s'g} klg ;do /2 ul/g]5 .

3_ k|:tfj 5gf}6 tyf ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofsf] bf}/fg k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf s'g} klg æe|i6rf/Æ tyf æclgoldttfÆdf ;+nUg ePsf] b]lvPdf ;Demf}tfsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] ;dodf aGb]h nufOg]5 .

ª_ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] sfof{noåf/f lgo'Qm ul/Psf n]vf kl/Ifsx?nfO{ ;Demf}tf ul/Psf] sfo{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ;DaGwL clen]v tyf n]vf / x/lx;fa kl/If0f ug{ lbg' kg]{5 .

!=( lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{non] dfly bkmf !=* -u_ hf/L u/]sf] æe|i6rf/Æ tyf æclgoldttfÆ aflx/ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx? x'g' kg]{5 .

@= k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL b:tfj]hx?sf] ;+;f]wg tyf :ki6tf@=! k|:tfj k]z ug]{ clGtd ldlt cufj} 8f6fl;6df tf]lsPsf] lbg leq of]Uo

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?n] k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL b:tfj]h -RFP Document_ x?df s]lx yk36 ug'{kg]{ ePdf ;f] sf] nflu cfdGq0f kq k|fKt u/]sf]] % lbg leqdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf lnlvt ?kdf cg'/f]w kq, O{d]n jf ôfS; dfkm{t cfˆgf lh1f;f k7fpg ;lsg] 5 .

6

sfof{non] klg ;a} lnlvt cg'/f]wx?sf] ;Daf]wg ;DaGwL hjfkm ->f]tx?sf] klxrfg gv'Ng] u/L k|Zgsf] JofVof ;lxt_ kq, Od]n jf ôfS; dfkm{t kq kfPsf] # lbg leqdf lnlvt ?kdf ;DjlGwt kIfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 .

@=@ k|:tfj k]z ug'{ eGbf h'g;'s} ;do cufj} klg cfˆg} kxn tyf cfj]bs k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] :ki6Ls/0fsf nflu dfu u/]sf] cg'/f]wsf] hjfkm :j?k sfof{non] k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL b:tfj]h -RFP Document_ ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;+zf]wg ljj/0f kq, Od]n, ôfS; dfkm{t lnlvt ;a} OR5's k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfnfO{ k7fpg' kg]{5 / pQm ljj/0f pgLx?n] kfngf ug'{ kg]{5 . sfof{non] k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL clGtd ldlt ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

#= k|:tfj tof/L#=! cfj]bs k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfx?nfO{ pkbkmf !=@ adf]lhd pNn]v ePsf]

efiffdf 8f6fl;6df tf]lsP adf]lhd k|:tfj k]z ug{ cg'/f]w ul/G5 . k|fljlws k|:tfj#=@ k|fljlws k|:tfj tof/ ubf{ k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL

b:tfj]hx? -RFP Documents_ sf] lj:t[t ?kdf hfFr tyf cWoog x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . b:tfj]hdf dfu ul/P cg';f/ cfjZos sfuhft, ;"rgf jf k|lqmof k'/f gu/L k]z ePsf] k|:tfj :jtM /2 x'g]5 .

#=# k|fljlws k|:tfj tof/ ubf{ k/fdz{bftfn] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf ;'rgfx? clgjfo{ ?kdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ 5M

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?n] ;fem]bf/L jf ;+o'Qm pkqmd -Joint Venture/Consortium_ sf] ?kdf k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kdf cfzo kq k]Zf ug{ OR5's cfj]bsn] cfzo kq k]z ubf{ d'Vo eO{ sfo{ ug]{ k|d'v ;+:yf v'n]sf] ljj/0f tyf ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] k|ltlnlk ;d]t k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

;dosf] cfwf/df k|:tfljt sfo{sf nflu cg'dflgt k]zfut ljz]if1sf] ;+Vof–dlxgf 8f6fl;6df lbOPsf] 5 . sfof{non] cg'dfg u/]sf] k]zfut ljz]if1sf] ;+Vof–dlxgfsf] cfwf/df k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ kg]{5

8f6fl;6df tf]lsP adf]lhd cg'ej ePsf k]zfut sd{rf/L k|:tfj ug'{ kg]{5 / g]kfnsf] k|rlnt kl/j]z cg';f/ sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] x'g' kb{5 .

k|:tfljt sfo{sf nflu j}slNks k]zfut sd{rf/L k|:tfj ug{ kfOg] 5}g / k|To]s Ps sd{rf/Lsf nflu Ps JolQmut ljj/0f ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 / ;f] sf] k'i6\of+O{+sf cfwf/x? ;d]t pNn]v ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 .

o; sfo{ tyf sfo{sf] cleGg c+usf] ?kdf 8f6fl;6df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] efiffdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] k|ltj]bgx? k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

#=$ k|fljlws k|:tfj -efu $_ df lbOP cg';f/ tkl;ndf pNn]lvt hfgsf/L k|bfg ug'{ kg]{5 .

s= kl/ro tyf k[i7e"ld 7

v= sfdsf] p2]Zo, ck]lIft glthfx? tyf ljj/0f u= cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ljlw tyf k|lqmof 3= sfo{of]hgf ª= cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf cjnDag ul/g] gLlt tyf l;4fGtx? r= k|d'v dfgj ;+;fwgsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej

;+:yfsf k|:tfj k]z ug]{ cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] k|:tfljt ljz]if1 tyf sd{rf/Lsf] cBfjlws JolQmut ljj/0fx? -k|:tfljt sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut ljj/0fdf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Ln] ;+:yfdf u/]sf] sfo{ljj/0f ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kg]{5_ .

5= k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfsf] of]Uotf k|bz{g ug]{ vf; tyf ;fGble{s cg'ej ljj/0f

-s_ ;+:yfsf] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sfo{ ;Dkfbg tyf ljutsf] cg'ej

-v_ ;+:yfsf] :yfgLo of]hgf, Ifdtf / >f]t kl/rfng ;DaGwL cg'ej -tn k|:t't 9fFrfdf pNn]v ug]{_k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfn] ;+:yfut ljj/0f / o; sfo{sf] k|s[lt;Fu ;+alGwt vf; cg'ejsf] 5f]6s/L ljj/0f tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|To]s sfo{sf] ljj/0fdf u|fxssf] :yfg, sfo{sf] cjlw, ;Demf}tf /sd / k/fdz{bftf sDkgLsf] ;+nUgtf ;DaGwL laifox? ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

h_ 8f6fl;6df pNn]lvt s'g} cltl/Qm hfgsf/L#=% k|fljlws k|:tfjdf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] cfly{s ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g . cfly{s k|:tfj #=^ cfly{s k|:tfj tof/ ubf{ k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL b:tfj]hdf tf]lsP adf]lhd

cfjZostf / zt{x?nfO{ k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfx?n] Wofg lbPsf x'g]5g\ . cfly{s k|:tfjdf k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL b:tfj]hsf] efu ^ sf] gd"gf kmf/fd k|of]u ePsf] x'g]5 . o;n] olb -s_ sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} k/fdz{bftf tyf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds ;DaGwL vr{x? -v_ oftfoft, b}lgs tyf e|d0f eQf ;DaGwL vr{x? / -u_ ;+rf/, 8f6f tyf tYofFs vl/b ;DaGwL vr{x? ;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

#=& cfly{s k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt ah]6n] ;Dk"0f{ bfloTj, s/ tyf ;]jfk|bfosn] tf]lsPsf] sfdsf nflu x'g] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd nfUg] sfg"gn] tf]s]sf b:t'/x? ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .

#=* k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?n] /sd pNn]v ubf{ g]kfnL ?k}ofFdf cIf/ / c+sdf pNn]v u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

#=( 8f6fl;6n] k|:tfj dfGo x'g] cjlw tf]s]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . o; ;dofjlwdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] k|:tfljt sfo{sf nflu k|:tfljt k]zfut lj1 tyf sd{rf/Lx? pknAw x'g] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . sfof{non] o; cjlwdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf;Fu ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL jftf{ ;DkGg ug{ x/ ;Dej k|of; ug'{ kg]{5 . ;Demf}tfsf] cjlw a9fpg' kg]{ ePdf b'O{ kIfLo ;dembf/Ldf dfq ul/g] 5 .

8

$= k|:tfj k]z, btf{ tyf l;njlGb vf]Ng] sfo{ $=! k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj gd]l6g] dl;n] tof/ u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . cfj]bs

k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx? cfkm}+n] cfjZos :yfgx?df q'6Lx? ;'wf/ u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} klg bf]xf]/f] n]vg tyf kl/jt{g ;dfj]z ul/Psf] x'g] 5}g . k|:tfjsf] ;'wf/ tyf ;+zf]wg ePsf] efudf ;+:yfsf cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

$=@ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwn] k|fljlws Pj+ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] ;a} kfgfx?df k|dfl0ft x'g]u/L ;+lIfKt b:tvt u/L k|dfl0ft u/]sf] x'g'kg]{5 .

$=# k|To]s k|:tfjdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] 8f6fl;6df tf]s] adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf k|:tfljt sfo{sf] k|:tfj tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . k|:tfjdf k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj egL ls6fg ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .

$=$ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] k|lt vfdaGbL u/L vfdsf] aflx/ k|fljlws k|:tfj / To;} u/L cfly{s k|:tfj vfdaGbL u/L vfdsf] aflx/ cfly{s k|:tfj -k|fljlws k|:tfj ;Fu} gvf]Ng]_ eGg] zJbfjnL :ki6;Fu pNn]v u/LPsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 . o; k|sf/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjx?nfO{ 5'§f5'§} vfddf /fvL l;naGbL ug'{ kg]{5 . To;k5L b'a} k|:tfjsf vfdx? Pp6f 5'6} vfd leq /fvL l;naGbL u/L k]z ug{'kg]{ 5 . pQm vfddf k|fkssf] :ki6 7]ufgf / cGo cfjZos ;"rgf pNn]v u/L d"NofÍg ;ldltsf] /f]xa/df dfq vf]Ng] egL nlvPsf] x'g'kg]{ 5 .

$=% k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . ;do ;Ldf gf3]/ cfPsf k|:tfjx? d'NofÍgsf] k|lqmofaf6 :jtM aflxl/g] 5g\ / To:tf k|:tfjx? ;DjlGwt ;+:yfn] lkmtf{ lng rfx]df sfof{non] gvf]nL lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

$=^ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ ldlt / ;do ;dfKt ePsf] nut} d'NofÍg ;ldltn] k|fljlws k|:tfj vf]Ng]5 t/ cfly{s k|:tfj lgodfg';f/ gvf]Ng] ;do ;Dd l;naGbL cj:yfdf g} sfof{nodf ;'/lIft /flvg] 5 . k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng] ;dodf cfj]bs ;+:yfnfO{ pkl:yltsf] nflu lgdGq0f u/L ;DalGwt JolQmx?sf] pkl:yltdf ;fj{hlgs ul/g] jf vf]lng] 5 . t/ k|:tfjbftf jf lghsf] k|ltlglw pkl:ylt gePsf] sf/0fn] k|:tfj vf]Ng jfwf kg]{ 5}g .

%=k|:tfj d"NofÍg;fdfGo %=! k|:tfj ;DaGwL ;"rgf hf/L ePb]lv ;Demf}tf ;DkGg x'Fbf;Dd cfj]bs ;

+:yfn] k|:tfj;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} s'/fdf sfof{no;Fu ;Dks{ ug{ rfx]df sfof{nodf lnlvt lgj]bg k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . k|:tfj d"NofÍgdf cfa]bsn] cgfjZos ?kdf s]xL bjfj jf k|efj kfg{ vf]h]sf] b]lvg cfPdf To:tf] k|:tfjssf] cfj]bg jf k|:tfjgf :jtM c:jLsf/ x'g] jf cof]Uo 7xl/g] 5 .

%=@ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍg ;DkGg geP ;Dd d"NofÍg ;ldltnfO{ cfly{s k|:tfj x]g]{ jf vf]Ng] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .

k|fljlws k|:tfj d'NofÍg ljlw

9

%=# sfof{non] agfPsf] d'Nof+sg ;ldltsf k|To]s ;b:on] d'Nof+sgsf ljlzi6 cfwf/x? k|of]u u/L 5'§f5'§} d'Nof+sg u/L ;s]kl5 d'Nof+sg ;ldltsf ;b:ox?n] k|bfg u/]sf] k|To]s k|:tfjsf] k|fKtf+sx?sf] cf}ift lgsfnLg] 5 . tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd c+s k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] jf sfo{ lja/0fdf pNn]lvt dxTjk"0f{ ljifonfO{ ;Daf]wg gu/]sf k|:tfjnfO{ o;} r/0faf6 c:jLs[t ug{ ;lsg] 5 / To:tf cfj]bs ;+:yfsf] cfly{s k|:tfj vf]lng] 5}g .

%=$ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ;DaGwL u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlw adf]lhd k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] c+sef/ qmdzM *) / @) k|ltzt x'g]5 . k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍgaf6 5gf}6÷of]Uo x'gsf] nflu k|:tfjbftfn] k|fljlws k|:tfjdf sDtLdf ^) -;f7L k|ltzt_ c+sef/ k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . k|fljlws k|:tfj d'NofÍgdf sDtLdf ^) k|ltzt c+Í k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] k|:tfjx? cl:js[t x''g]5g\ . o; k|sf/ k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍgdf Go"gtd c+sef/ k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] tyf sfo{ ljj/0f adf]lhd g/x]sf k|:tfjx? ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfnfO{ pgLx?sf] cfly{s k|:tfj gvf]nL lkmtf{ ul/g]5 . k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍgaf6 5gf}6 ePsf k|:tfjbftfx?sf] cfly{s k|:tfj k|:tfjbftf jf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:yltdf vf]lng]5 . t/ k|:tfjbftf jf k|ltlglw pkl:yt gePsf] sf/0fn] cfly{s k|:tfj vf]Ng afwf kg]{ 5}g . u'0f:t/ / nfut ljlw cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] c+sef/ cg';f/ k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgsf] ;+o'Qm of]u lgsfnL pRrtd c+sef/ k|fKt k|:tfjbftfx?sf] 5gf}6sf] ;"rL tof/ ul/g]5 .

^= k|:tfjbftf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf;Fu jftf{ ^=! 8f6fl;6df pNn]v eP adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] 7]ufgfdf klxnf] pRrtd c+s

k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf k|:tfjbftf ;+:yf;Fu jftf{ ul/g]5 . jftf{sf] p2]Zo sfo{ ljj/0fsf ;a} a'Fbfx?df ;xdltdf k'uL ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .

^=@ pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf k|:tfjbftf ;+:yf;Fusf] jftf{df k|fljlws k|:tfj, k|:tfljt sfo{ sfof{Gjog ljlw tyf sfo{of]hgf, ljifolj1 tyf k]zfut sd{rf/L / sfo{ljj/0f ;'wf/sf] nflu k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?n] pknAw u/fPsf] ;'emfjx? ;df]jz ePsf] x'g]5 . sfof{no tyf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] o;kl5 clGtd sfo{ljj/0f, ljifolj1 / sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;+nUgtf, sd{rf/Lsf] lkmN8 tyf sfof{nodf Joltt ug]{ ;do, sd{rf/L–dlxgf, ef}lts >f]t ;fwg / k|ltj]bgsf] ;DaGwdf clGtd lg0f{odf k'Ug]5g\ . o; kZrft\ ;xdlt ePsf] sfo{of]hgf tyf clGtd sfo{ljj/0f ;Demf}tfsf] efusf] ?kdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 . sfof{nosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ pknAw cfly{s >f]t / :ki6 kl/eflift k|fljlws ;Nnfx ;lxt sfo{sf] ;Gt'li6k"0f{ sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrttf ;lxt k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfnfO{ sfo{ ug{ lbOg]5 .

^=# 5gf}6 ;DaGwL u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlwdf k/fdz{bftfsf] kfl/>lds b/ tyf k|:tfljt OsfO{ b/sf af/]df jftf{ ul/g] 5}g . o; hfgsf/Lkqsf] cg';"rL cg';f/ k/fdz{bftf tyf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>ldssf] b/ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

10

^=$ pknAw 5gf}6sf cfwf/ adf]lhd k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf 5gf}6 ubf{ k|:tfljt 6f]nL k|d'v tyf cGo lj1x?sf] d"NofÍg ubf{ sfof{non] k|:tfjdf pNn]lvt lj1sf] cfwf/df jftf{ ug{ rfxfG5 . ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL jftf{ eGbf cufj} sfof{non] k|:tfljt ljifo lj1 jf:tjd} pknAw x'g] af/] cfZj:t x'g rfxfG5 . sfo{sf] p2]Zo kl/k'tL{sf nflu 6f]nL k|d'v tyf sd{rf/Lsf] k|lt:yfkg cfjZos ePdf jf 5gf}6 k|lqmofdf ck]Iffs[t ;do nfUg] cj:yfdf sfof{no tyf k|:tfjbftf b'a} kIf ;xdt ePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s sfof{no 6f]nL k|d'v tyf ljz]if1 / sd{rf/Lsf] k|lt:yfkg ug{ jfWo x'g] 5}g . k|lt:yfkg :jLsfo{ x'g] cj:yfdf ;d]t k"j{ lgwf{l/t d"NofÍgsf cfwf/df j}lsNks pDd]bjf/sf] d"NofÍg ul/g]5 . k|lt:yfkgsf nflu k|:tfljt sd{rf/Lsf] of]Uotf tyf cg'ej k"j{ k|:tfljt k/fdz{bftf ;/x jf ;f] eGbf dflyNnf]:t/sf] x'g' kg]{5 . ;f] gePdf k"j{ k|:tfljt k/fdz{bftfx?sf] pknAwtf lgSof}{n gu/L k|:tfljt u/]sf] sf/0f ;lxt k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] k|:tfj cl:jsf/ ul/g]5 .

^=% jftf{ ;Demf}tf d:of}bf k'g/fjnf]sg ;lxt lgisif{df k'lug]5 . olb jftf{ c;kmn eof] eg] sfof{non] bf]>f] pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ ;+:yf;Fu ;Demf}tfsf nflu jftf{ ug]{5 .

&= k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] 5gf}6 &=! pkbkmf ^=% adf]lhd jftf{kZrft\ ;xdltdf k'u]sf k/fdz{bftf ;

+:yf;Fu k|:tfj l:js[ltsf nflu 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . sfof{non] 5gf}6 ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] & lbg leq sfof{non] ;DjlGwt k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfnfO{ k|:tfj l:js[t ug]{ cfzosf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5 .

&=@ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ s'g} k|:tfjbftfnfO{ pkbkmf &=! adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf] lg0f{o, k|:tfj 5gf}6 ;DaGwL lg0f{o jf vl/b k|lqmof pk/ lrQ ga'em]df k|:tfj 5gf}6 ePsf] cfzosf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] & lbg leq cfjZos k|df0f ;lxt k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu sfof{nodf lnlvt lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .

&=# obL pkbkmf &=@ adf]lhd k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu lgj]bg gu/]df pkbkmf &=! cg';f/ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] k|:tfj :jLs[t ul/g]5 / ;DalGwt k|:tfjbftfx?nfO{ ;Demf}tf ug{ cfpg & lbg cjlwsf] ;"rgf lbOg]5 .

&=$ olb k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] pkbkmf &=# cg';f/ ;Demf}tf gu/]df ;Demf}tf jftf{df To;kl5sf] pRrtd c+s k|fKt ug]{ k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfnfO{ ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL jftf{sf nflu cfdGq0f ul/g]5 .

&=% pkbkmf &=@ adf]lhd olb s'g} ;+:yfaf6 k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwL lgj]bg k|fKt ePdf sfof{non] lgj]bg k|fKt ePsf] % lbg leq ;f]sf] hjfkm tyf :ki6Ls/0f lbg'kg]{5 .

&=^ obL lgj]bs ;+:yfnfO{ sfof{non] lbPsf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'em]df jf % lbg leq hjfkm jf :ki6Ls/0f glbPdf ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] & lbg leq k'g/fjnf]sg ;ldlt ;dIf lgj]bg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .

11

&=& k|fljlws k|:tfj d"NofÍgdf Go"gtd c+s k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?sf] cfly{s k|:tfj gvf]nL sfof{non] ;DalGwt ;+:yfx?df lkmtf{ ug]{5 .

&=* 8f6fl;6df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf] ldlt / :yfgdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] sfo{ k|f/De ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

*= uf]klgotf*=! k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?nfO{ hfgsf/L ;DaGwL pkbkmf &=! adf]lhd

k|:tfj :jLs[t ePsf k|:tfjbftfn] ;Demf}tfsf] nflu pkl:yt x'g] ;DaGwL kq ga'em] ;Dd k|:tfj d'NofÍg tyf 5gf}6 ;DaGwL s'g} klg ;"rgf sfof{nosf cflwsfl/s JolQm jfx]s k|:tfj k]z ug]{ tyf gug]{ k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfx? / cGo s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ pknAw u/fOg] 5}g .

(= k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?sf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf(=! k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx? ;Demf}tf kq, k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL b:tfj]hx? tyf

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g tyf lgoddf ePsf Joj:yfx? kl/k'tL{ ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .

(=@ vl/b k|lqmof tyf vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogdf k|lts''n k|Effj kg]{ u/L k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?af6 lgDg sfo{x? ug{ j ug{ pS;fpg] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ . s_ s'g} gfhfoh k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf k|nf]eg lbg jf k|:tfj ug{v_ tYonfO{ aªUofpg tyf u}/ sfg'gL tl/sfn] pkof]u ug{u_ e|i6frf/hGo tyf k|nf]eg lbg] sfo{ ug{ tyf ;xeflu x'g3_ cGo ;+efJo k|:tfjbftfnfO{ ;xeflu x'gaf6 /f]s nufpgª_ k|:tfj k]z ug]{ k|lqmof tyf 5gf}6 ;DaGwL sfo{df ;+nUg kIfx?

sf] xfgL] tyf ;DkQLdf gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] sfo{x?df k|ToIf / ck|ToIf ?kdf ;xeflu x'g

r_ v'Nnf k|lt:kwf{Tds 5gf}6 k|lqmofdf c;/ k'Ug] u/L ;]jf ;DaGwL sfo{x? ;+:yfx?aLr afF8kmfF8 ug{ / s[lqd tyf k|lt:kwf{ k|lts'n ;+:yfx? ldn]/ k|:tfj k]z ug{

5_ k|:Tffjx? vf]n] b]lv ;Demf}tf ;do;Dd ;+:yf 5gf}6 ;DaGwL d'NofÍgsf] bf}/fg d'NofÍg sfo{nfO{ k|efj kfg{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx?;Fu e]63f6 ug{

!)= k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?nfO{ sfnf];"rLdf /fVg]!)=! k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?n] tn pNn]v u/]sf] cg'lrt sfo{sf] u+le/tfsf] k|

s[lt adf]lhd s'g} klg k"jf{u|x / ;+:yfsf] cGo clwsf/sf] alv{nfk gx'g] u/L a9Ldf tLg jif{sf] nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ;]jfsf nflu cof]Uo 7x/ ug{ jf sfnf] ;"rLdf /fVg ;lsg]5 . s_ olb k|:tfjbftfn] k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?sf nflu hfgsf/L ;DaGwL bkmf

(=@ adf]lhdsf sfo{ u/]sf] k'i6L ePdf12

v_ olb 5gf}6 ePsf k|:tfjbftfn] bkmf &=$ adf]lhd ;Demf}tf gu/]dfu_ lgikIf?kdf ul/Psf] 5gf}6 k|lqmofsf ;Gb{edf 5gf}6 ;ldtL /

To;sf ;b:ox?sf] dfgxfgL x'g] sfd u/]df, 3_ obL ;Demf}tf adf]lhd glthfdf 7"nf] cGt/ x'g] u/L sfo{sf]

sfof{Gjog u/]df jf ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf k|fjwfgdf 7"nf] cGt/ x'g] u/L sfo{ u/]df tyf ;Dkflbt sfo{sf] sfd ;Demf}tfdf tf]lsPsf] u'0f:t/ eGbf sdhf]/ ePsf] kfO{Pdf

ª _ obL cbfntåf/f /fHo lj?4sf] ck/fw ;DaGwL sfd u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf

r_ obL 5gf}6 ePsf ;+:yfn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf] ;Demf}tf em'7f] ;fljt ePdf jf ;+:yfsf] of]Uotf ;DaGwL ;"rgf unt 7xl/Pdf

5_ ;]jf k|bfos ;+:yfn] k]z u/]sf ;"rgf tyf p;sf] sfg'gL sfuhft tyf sfo{ cg'ej / tflnd;Fu ;DalGwt k]z ul/Psf] ljj/0f e'm§f ePsf] k'i6L ePdf,

h_ sfg'gn] lgif]w u/]sf cGo sfo{x? u/]df .!)=@ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] ;]jfsf] nflu

sfnf] ;"rLdf /x]sf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?n] g]kfn ;/sf/, cGo lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf :yfgLo lgsfox?;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{df k|:Tffj k]z ug{ ;d]t cof]Uo 7xl/g]5g\ .

13

k|:tfjs k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfx?nfO{ k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL hfgsf/L8f6f l;6 -DATA SHEET_

bkmf ;+s]t g+=

ljj/0f

!=! u|fxssf] gfdM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, l;Gw'kfNrf]sk|:tfj d"NofÍg ljlwM u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlw -QCBS)

!=@ sfo{sf] gfd, p2]Zo tyf laj/0fx? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf] 5gfdM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df p2]ZoM sfo{ ljj/0fdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ljj/0fM sfo{ ljj/0fdf pNn]v eP cg';f/

!=# k"j{ k|:tfj a}7s -Pre-Bid Meeting_ M gx'g]!=$ u|fxs -sfof{no_ af6 5gf}6 ePsf ;+:yfx?nfO{ lgDg cg';f/sf] ;xof]u k|bfg

ul/g]5M pknAw k|ltj]bg tyf b:tfj]hx? pknAw cBfjlws tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfx? sfo{zfnf, j}7s tyf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgfdf ;xhLs/0f lkmN8 sfo{df ;xhLs/0f

!=% k|:tfjbftfn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no l;Gw'kfNrf]sdf rfn" jif{df o;;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{ u/]sf] eP k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5}gg\ .

!=^ clgoldttf tyf e|i6frf/k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfx?n] lgDg lnlvt cfr/0f u/]sf] kfO{Pdf e|i6frf/ dflgg]5M ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g @)^# tyf lgodfjnL @)^$ / g]kfn ;/sf/sf cGo k|rlnt

P]g lgod adf]lhd x'g]5 .!=& k|:tfj tof/Lsf] qmddf s'g} :ki6 gePsf] laifodf :ki6 ug{ k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfn]

lnlvt cg'/f]w cfdGq0f kq k|fKt u/]sf] & lbg leq b]xfo adf]lhdsf] 7]ufgfdf k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, l;Gw'kfNrf]s6]lnkmf]gM )!! ^@)!#^ )!! ^@)#%!

!=* k|:tfj n]vgsf] efiff g]kfnL jf c+u|hL dWo] s'g} Ps x'g]5 . !=( -s_ ;+lIfKt ;"rLdf /x]sf ;+:yfx?af6 ;fem]bf/L tyf ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kdf

k|:tfj k]z ug{ kfOg] 5}g-v_ k|:tfljt sfo{sf] nflu cg'dflgt hgzlQm tyf lghx?sf] ;+nUgtfsf] cjlwM

sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/ -u_ k|:tfljt sfo{sfnflu k|:tfljt hgzlQmx?sf] vf; sfo{ cg'ej tyf cGo cg'ejM

sfo{ ljj/0f cg';f/-3_ k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ efiffM g]kfnL

!=!) btf{ ePsf] k|:tfjx? btf{ ePsf] ldltn] () lbg ;Dd dfGo x'g]5 .!=!! k|:tfjbftfn] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj !–! k|lt tof/ u/L tf]lsP cg';f/ l;naGbL

u/L k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .!=!@ k|:tfj k]z ug'{ kg]{ clGtd ldltM k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL ;"rgf k|yd k6s k|

sflzt ePsf] ldltn] #) lbg leq !=!# k|fljlws tyf cfly{s d"NofÍgsf cfwf/x? !=!#=! k|fljlws k|:tfj – *) c+s!=!#=!=! cfj]bssf] cg'ej – * c+s!=!#=!=@

d'Vo hgzlQmsf] of]Uotf / cg'ej – $) c+s

!=!#=!=#

sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ ljwL tyf k|lqmof –@) c+s

!=!#=!=$

k|:tfjsf] k|:t'lt:t/ tyf sfo{ ljj/0fsf] kfngf –!@ c+s

!=!#=@ cfly{s k|:tfj – @) c+s14

!=!$ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ljlwM u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlw x'g]5 . u'0f:t/ tyf nfut ljlw cg';f/ k|:tfj 5gf}6 ubf{ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] nflu c+sef/ *) / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] c+sef/ @) x'g]5 .-s_ d"NofÍg ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf] k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] k|fKtfÍnfO{ k|fljlws

k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] cÍef/n] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{ Ps;on] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] cÍ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtf+s x'g]5 .

v_ k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] d"NofÍgaf6 ;kmn ePsf k|:tfjx? dWo] ;a}eGbf 36L saf]n cÍnfO{ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] nflu 5'6\ofO{Psf] cÍef/n] u'0fg u/L k|fKt u'0fgkmnnfO{ d"NofÍg ul/g] k|:tfjbftfsf] saf]n cÍn] efu ubf{ cfpg] efukmnsf] cÍ cfly{s k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtfÍ x'g]5 .

u_ k|fljlws k|:tfj / cfly{s k|:tfjsf] v'b k|fKtfÍ hf]8L ;+o'Qm d"NofÍg ubf{ ;aeGbf a9L c+Í kfpg] k|:tfjbftf ;kmn x'g] x'bfF lghnfO{ 5gf}6 ul/g]5 .

!=!% ;Demf}tf cg';f/sf] sfo{ ldlt @)&#.@.& b]lv z'? eO{ @)&#.^.#) ;Dddf k"0f{ x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf]5 .

15

efu #M k|fljlws k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] lgj]bgsf] 9fFrf

ldltM==================================

>Ldfg\ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/LHo",lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{norf}tf/f, l;Gw'kfNrf]s

dxf]bo,

xfdL b]xfodf n]lvP jdf]lhd l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k/fdz{ ;]jf k|fKt ug{ k/fdz{bftf sDkgL÷kmd{x?sf] nflu ldlt @)&#.!.& ut] k|]lift k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL cfdGq0f / xfdLn] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj adf]lhd sfd ug{ k|:tfj ub{5f}+ . k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] Ps k|lt vfddf zLnaGbL u/L o;};fy k]z u/]sf 5f} .

o; ;Gb{edf o; ;+:yf -cfj]bssf] ;+:yfsf] gfd====================== ================_ n] ;+o'Qm pkqmdsf] ?kdf /x]sf] ;+:yf -;Demf}tf ul/Psf] ;+:yfsf] gfd, 7]ufgf================_ ;+u ;+o'Qm ?kdf sfo{ ug]{ u/L k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfj k]z u/]sf] ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ .

;fy} k|fljlws tyf cfly{s k|:tfjdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] ;"rgf tyf ljj/0fx? l7s ;fFrf] x'g\ olb em'6f 7xl/g uPdf pQm k|:tfjx? :jtM /å x'g]5g\ / k]z ul/Psf oL k|:tfjx? :jtM :jLsf/ ug{ oxfF afWo gePsf] ;d]t :jLsf/ ub{5f}+ .

ejbLo,

cflwsfl/s x:tfIf/Mgfd / kb -bhf{_Mk|:tfjbftfsf] gfdMk|:tfjbftfsf] 7]ufgfM

k|:tfjdf x:tfIf/ ug{sf nflu lbOPsf] clVtof/gfdf

k|:tfjdf x:tfIf/ ug{ clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] gfd M ==================== gd"gf x:tfIf/ M ==============k|:tfjdf x:tfIf/ ug{ clVtof/gfdf lbg] clwsf/L M ========================= -JolQmsf] gfd_

16

clVtof/gfdf lbg] JolQmsf] kb M ======================== clVtof/gfdf lbg] JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ M ============================================== k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfsf] 5fk M

17

efu $M k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf

!= kl/ro tyf k[i7e"ld -Background_@= sfdsf] p2]Zo, ck]lIft glthfx? tyf ljj/0f -Project Description_#= cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ljlw tyf k|lqmof -Planning Steps and Process_$= sfo{of]hgf -Work/Action Plan_%= cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf cjnDag ul/g] gLlt tyf

l;4fGtx? -Policies and Strategies to be adopted in PDDP Preparation_ ^= k|:tfljt hgzlQmsf] j}olQmt ljj/0f &= k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfsf] of]Uotf k|bz{g ug]{ ;fGble{s cg'ej ljj/0f -Consultant

Work Experiences_ *= k|:tfjdf DRR sf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd PDDP tof/ x'g] k|ltj4tf

laut # aif{df ;+:yfaf6 Psn jf s'g} c? ;+:yf jf sDkgL;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf k|:tfljt sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt jf ldNbf h'Nbf sfo{x? u/]sf] eP b]xfosf] tflnsf cg';f/ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .

kl/of]hgfsf] gfd kl/of]hgfsf] s"n /sd -?k}of_ kl/of]hgfsf] sfo{ If]qnfeflGjt ;d"x nlIft ju{ ;xof]uL ;+:yfsf] gfd 7]ufgf -kmf]g / Od]n ;d]t_;+nUg sd{rf/L ;+Vof kl/of]hgf ;'? ePsf] ldlt -dlxgf÷jif{_kl/of]hgf ;DkGg ePsf] ldlt -dlxgf÷jif{_ ;fem]bf/L ;+:yfsf] gfd -obL s'g} eP_;fem]bf/ ;+:yfn] pknAw u/fPsf] Joj;flos sd{rf/L -dlxgfdf_kl/of]hgfsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0fkl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo sd{rf/L, kb -lgb]{zs jf ;+of]hs jf 6f]nL k|d'v_ / sfo{;+:yfn] kl/of]hgf cjlwe/ u/]sf sfdx?sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f M

gf]6M dfly pNn]lvt sfo{ cg'ejsf] ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 k|bfg ul/Psf] kq -Reference

Letter_ jf ;Demf}tf kqsf] k|ltlnlk k|fljlws k|:tfjsf] ;fydf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

k|To]s kl/of]hgfx?sf] nflu cnu cnu kmf/dx? eg'{ kg]{5 .

;+:yfsf] gfd M18

;+:yfsf] cflwsfl/s k|ltlglwsf] x:tfIf/ M;+:yfsf] 5fkM

k|fljlws k|:Tffjdf ;+nUg x'g' kg]{ sfuhftx? cflwsfl/s JolQmåf/f x:tfIfl/t k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL lgj]bg sDkgL btf{ tyf gljs/0f k|df0fkq -rfn' cf=a=sf nflu gljs/0f

ePsf] :ki6 b]lvg]_ sf] k|ltlnlk ;+:yfsf] :yfoL n]vf gDa/ -PAN_ jf d'No clea[l4 s/ -VAT_ df btf{ k|

df0f kqsf] k|ltlnkL ;+:yfsf] cf=j= @)&!.)&@ sf] s/ r'Qmf k|df0f kqsf] k|ltlnlk ;+:yfsf] cf=j= @)&!÷)&@ sf] n]vfkl/If0f k|ltj]bgsf] k|ltlnlk sDkgLsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro tyf ljj/0f k|fljlws k|:tfjdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] d"Vo sd{rf/L -jf:tljs JolQm_ x?sf]

x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] cBfjlws j}olQms ljj/0f Pj+ pknAwtfsf] k'i6L kqefu %M cfly{s k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf]

lgj]bgsf] 9fFrfldltM==================================

>Ldfg\ :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/LHo",lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no,rf}tf/f, l;Gw'kfNrf]s .

dxf]bo

xfdL b]xfodf n]lvP jdf]lhd l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k|fljlws tyf k/fdz{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{ k/fdz{bftf sDkgLx?sf] nflu ldlt @)&#÷====÷====== df k|]lift k|:tfj k]z ;DaGwL cfdGq0f / xfdLn] k]z u/]sf] k|:tfj adf]lhd sfd ug{ k|:tfj ub{5f} . cfly{s k|:tfj vfddf zLnaGbL u/L o;};fy ;+nUg u/L k]z u/]sf 5f} . o;};fy ;+nUg cfly{s k|:tfjdf hDdf /sd ?= ============ ============= - cIf]?kL ============== ======= ======== ======================_ k|:tfj u/]sf 5f} . k|:tfljt /sddf d'No clea[l4 s/ ?= ======================-cIf]?kL ================== ========================= =================_ afx]s cGo ;a} k|sf/sf s/ tyf ;]jf z'Ns ;dfj]z /x]sf] 5 .

o; cfly{s k|:tfj 5gf}6 eO{ aftf{sf] ;xdltdf k'u]sf] v08df ;xdlt cg'?k km]/abn ug{ ;lsg] / o; k|:tfjdf ldlt ===================== ;Dd dfq dfGo x'g] ;d]t hfgsf/Lsf ;fy} k]z ul/Psf] of] k|:tfa :jtM l:jsf/ ug{ oxfF afWo gePsf] ;d]t :jLsf/ ub{5f}+ .

19

ejbLo,

cflwsfl/s x:tfIf/Mgfd / kb -bhf{_Mk|:tfjbftfsf] gfdMk|:tfjbftfsf] 7]ufgfM

k|:tfjdf x:tfIf/ ug{sf nflu lbOPsf] clVtof/gfdf

k|:tfjdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] gfd M ==================== gd"gf x:tfIf/ M ==============k|:tfjdf x:tfIf/ ug{ clVtof/gfdf lbg] clwsf/L M ========================= -JolQmsf] gfd_clVtof/gfdf lbg] JolQmsf] kb M ======================== clVtof/gfdf lbg] JolQmsf] x:tfIf/ M ===================== ========================= k|:tfjbftf ;+:yfsf] 5fk M

20

efu ^M cfly{s k|:tfjsf] 9fFrfcfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu k]z ul/g] cfly{s k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf b]xfocg';f/ x'g]5 . cfly{s k|:tfj 5'§} vfddf lznjGbL u/L k]z ug{' kg]{5 .

qm=;+

nfut lzif{s OsfO{

;+Vof

b/ -?k}of_hDdf /sd -?=_

c+sdf cIf/df1 kfl/>lds

6f]ln k|d'v–!dlxgf 4

/fcfof] tyf dGqfnosf >f]t JolQm lbg 10

cy{zf:qL÷ljQLo ljzn]ifs–!dlxgf 3

;+:yfut ljsf; ljif]z1–!dlxgf 1.5

;fd'bflos ljsf;÷h]lz–!dlxgf 1.5

afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g lj1dlxgf 1

jftfj/0f O{l~hlgo/–! dlxgf 1

l;len O{l~hlgo/ –!dlxgf 1

ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL lj1–! dlxg 1Joj:yfks÷8f6f–sDo'6/ ck/]6/–!

dlxgf 4

hDdf 2 lhcfO{cf; 8f6f / s]lGb|

o tYofÍ vl/bPsd'i6

3 v];|f k|ltj]bg tof/L vr{Psd'i6

hDdf4 cGo s b}lgs af; tyf vfgf vr{ lbg

vjfXo tyf :yfgLo oftfoft vr{

Psd'i7

u ;+rf/ tyf ljljw vr{Psd'i6

hDdf ;+:yfsf] lz/f]ef/ z'Ns

jl9df -!)Ü_ ;+:yfsf] lz/f]ef/

21

z'Ns ;lxtsf] hDdfd"No clea[l4 s/ -!# k|

ltzt_

d"No clea[l4 s/ ;lxt hDdf

hDdf /sd cIf/dfM

22

efu &M cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljj/0f

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{norf}tf/f,l;Gw'kfNrf]s

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df

-@)&@÷)&#–)&^÷)&&_

sfo{ljj/0f

k|:tfjs lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{norf}tf/f,l;Gw'kfNrf]skmf]gM ±(&& !! ^@)!)@

23

ôfS;M ±(&& !! ^@))*&Od]nM [email protected]

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sfo{ljj/0f

!= k[i7e"ldcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf d"ntM :yfgut ljz]iftfx?df cfwfl/t PsLs[t tyf ax'–ljifos of]hgf xf] . o;n] lhNnfsf] ;+efjgfnfO{ ;d[l4df ?kfGt/0f ug]{ :ki6 bL3{sfnLg ;f]r ;lxt lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo tyf p2]Zo / k|ltkmnx? lgwf{/0f u/L ;f] k|fKt ug{sf nflu cfjZos gLlt, /0fgLlt, k|fyldstf / >f]t klxrfg tyf kl/eflift u/L lhNnf ljsf;sf] eljiosf] dfu{lrq tof/ ub{5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{ / lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtfdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ul/G5 . o;af6 :yfgLo zf;g k|lqmofdf :yfgLo ljsf;sf ;+efjgf, ;fem]bf/ Pj+ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] klxrfg eO{ k|efjsf/L kl/rfngsf] cfwf/ tof/ x'G5 . cfjlws of]hgfdf :yfgut ljz]iftfx?sf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf] PsLs[t tyf ljifout k|of;x? ;d]l6g' kb{5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% tyf tt\ ;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)%^ n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ sDtLdf % jif{ cjlwsf] cfjlws ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{ / ;f] sf] cfwf/df jflif{s of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{ :ki6 Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . pQm Joj:yf cg';f/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf @)%* tof/ u/L hf/L u/]sf] lyof] . pQm Joj:yf adf]lhd k|yd r/0fdf ^! lhNnfx?n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] g]t[Tj / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox?sf] ;lqmotfdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf -cflhljof]_ th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog ;d]t u/L ;s]sf 5g\ eg] bf]>f] r/0f cGtu{t ( lhNnfx?n] klxnf] jf bf]>f] k6s cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf /x]sf 5g\ . t]x|f} of]hgfsf] cfwf/kqn] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] ;+lIfKt ;dLIff ub}{ cfjlws of]hgfsf cfwf/df aflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . ;f]xL adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ dfu{bz{g ug{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%%, tt\ ;DaGwL lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf tyf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 hf/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -;+;f]lwt_ cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/, ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{of]hgf @)&) / sfo{ljj/0f tof/ tyf l:js[t u/L ;a} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?nfO{ kl/kq ;d]t u/L ;s]sf] 5 . o;df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf

24

th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;femf k|of; / ;dGjofTds ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg s]lGb|o txdf ;dGjo ;+oGqsf] u7g tyf lhDd]jf/L, lgsfout ljlzi6 lhDd]jf/L / >f]t cg'dfg tyf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;d]t ldnfOPsf] 5 . o; k|sf/ /fli6«o of]hgf, nIo, ljifout gLlt tyf of]hgf, lhNnf ljsf; cjwf/0ff / ljifout u'?of]hgfdf cfwfl/t eP/ % jif{ cjlwsf nflu lhlj;sf] cu'jfO{ / lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtfdf ;xeflutfd"ns ?kdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsfsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno / ljifout dGqfno tyf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/af6 lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gLlt, lgb]{zg tyf ;'emfj ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbg' kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} ljsf; Joj:yfkgdf kl5Nnf] ;dodf k]lrnf aGb} uPsf hnjfo" kl/jt{g cg's'ng, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f, kmf]xf]/d}nf Joj:yfkg, afnaflnsf, kf]if0f / Ifdtf ljsf;, ;fdflhs ;b\efj, ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / hjfkmb]lxtf cfbL h:tf ljifoutnfO{ of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;femf ;afnsf] ?kdf ;Daf]wg ul/g' kb{5 . :yfgLo :t/df ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutfdf cg'lzIf0f, k/fdz{ / ;xdltsf] k|lqmofaf6 uflj; / gu/kflnsfnfO{ ;d]t cfj4 u/L kfos kg]{ :yfgdf sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L ;"rgf ;+sng, ljZn]if0f, lhNnfsf] ;+efjgf / cfjZostfsf] ;+Zn]if0f Pj+ lb3{sflng ;f]r ;d]t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cjwf/0ff tyf vfsf tof/ kfg'{ kb{5 . cg'lzIf0f tyf tof/L, ;"rgf ;+sng / ljZn]if0f, cjwf/0ff th'{df, k/fdz{ uf]i7L, ljifout sfof{zfnf tyf clGtd sfo{zfnf ;d]t r/0fa4 ?kdf sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx? cfof]hgf u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{ ;DkGg ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} s]Gb|Lo :t/df /fli6«o of]hgf, ljleGg ljifout gLlt tyf of]hgf, lhNnf:t/sf ljifout u'?of]hgf, cGt/lhNnf of]hgf, cGt/ lgsfo -:yfgLo, ljifout / u};;_ of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd ljr tfnd]n, lhNnf ljsf; cjwf/0ff th'{df, ljifout l:ylt ljZn]if0f, sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;xlhs/0f, lgb]{zs ;ldlt, ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;d"x nufot nlIft ju{;+u k/fdz{, of]hgfsf] k|lqmofut sfo{ tyf glthfsf] clen]vg h:tf k|fljlws sfo{x? ;Dkfbg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf] nflu ;DalGwt If]qdf bIftf tyf cg'ej ePsf ljifolj1 6f]nL ;lxtsf] k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfsf] ;]jf cfjZos kb{5 . k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfsf] ljifolj1 6f]nLsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df lgb]{zs ;ldlt tyf ljifout sfo{ ;d"x, ljz]if ju{;+usf] lg/Gt/ k/fdz{ / ;/f]sf/jfnfkIfsf] ;lqmo ;+nUgtdf cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf] sfo{ pknAwLd"ns x'g ;Sb5 . kl/jlt{t /fhg}lts kl/a]z tyf hgtfsf] kl/jt{g k|ltsf] rfxgf kl/k"lt{ ug]{ sfo{df ult k|bfg ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, /fhgLlts bnx?, ljifout lgsfox? tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfaf6 ul/Psf] k|ltj4tf cg'?k kl/dflh{t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -t]>f] ;+;f]wg_, sfo{of]hgf @)&) tyf sfo{ljj/0f @)&) adf]lhd k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfsf] ljz]if1 6f]nLsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u / ;xlhs/0fdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu of] sfo{ljj/0f tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . @= sfo{sf] p2]Zo

25

o; sfo{sf] p2]Zo :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf tt\ ;DaGwL lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf, lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff, lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tyf >f]t gSzfsf] cfwf/df glthfdf cfwfl/t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ xf] . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ o; sfo{ljj/0fdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -t]>f] ;+;f]wg_, sfo{of]hgf @)&) tyf sfo{ljj/0f / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, ;+ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, ljifout dGqfnox?af6 pknAw lnlvt lgb]{zg cg';f/ tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . #= ck]lIft glthfx? cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, sfo{of]hgf tyf sfo{ljj/0f @)&) cfwf/df lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tyf ljj/0f / >f]t gSzf cBfjlws eO{ lhNnfsf] % aif]{ glthfdf cfwfl/t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;lxt b]xfodf pNn]lvt pknAwL xfl;n x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . #=! lhNnfsf] cBfjlws j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f th'{dflhNnf ljsf; k|lqmofdf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutfdf cg'lzIf0f, k/fdz{ / ;xdlt lgdf{0f eO{ j:t'l:ylt tyf ;+efjgf ljZn]if0f, cfwf//]vf ;"rgf lgwf{/0f, k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f, ;an, sdhf]/, cj;/ tyf r"gf}lt ljZn]if0f, :yfgut ;+efjgf tyf cfjZostf ljZn]if0f ePsf] x'g]5 . o;sf ;fy} afnaflnsf, o'jf, dlxnf tyf ljkGg ;d"xsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f / ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg, hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's'ng tyf pTyfglzntf, kmfxf]/d}nf Jo:yfkg, k|fs[lts >f]tsf] j}1flgs Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0faf6 jftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo zf;gsf] ljZn]if0f ePsf] x'g]5 . #=@ >f]t cg'dfg, k|If]k0f tyf ljQLo ljZn]if0f o; cGtu{t lhNnfsf] cfGtfl/s tyf jfXo cfo>f]tsf] ;+efjgf, nufgLsf If]q tyf ;+efjgfx? / ;fj{hlgs vr{ Joj:yfkg, ljQLo hf]lvd, kfngf cg'udg / ljQLo pQ/bfloTjsf] ljZn]if0f ePsf] x'g]5 . #=# lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] glthfd"ns vfsfo; cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf;sf] lb3{sflng ;f]r ;lxt lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff, glthfdf cfwfl/t of]hgf th'{df k|0ffnL tyf ;f]r tflnsf cjwf/0ff cg';f/ lhNnf ljsf;sf] ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo, pknAwL tyf /0fgLlt ;lxt of]hgfsf] PsLs[t ;f]r tflnsf, ljifout If]q of]hgf, jx'–ljifout nufgL of]hgf th'{df ePsf] x'g]5 . :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g x'g] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{zs ;ldlt ;lxt lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;+nUgtfdf sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 of]hgf tof/ ePsf] x'g]5 .$= of]hgf th'{df ljlw tyf k|lqmof:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g @)%% tyf tt\ ;DaGwL lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf tyf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 hf/L kl/dflh{t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf @)^^ -bf]>f] ;+;f]wg_, ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 l:js[t cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{of]hgf tyf sfo{ljj/0f @)&) adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 . /fli6«o ljsf;sf nIo / gLlt, of]hgf / lhNnf ljsf; cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eP/ %

26

jif{ cjlwsf nflu lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] g]t[Tj / lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmotfdf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwaf6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ubf{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsfsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, ljifout dGqfno / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x?af6 lnlvt ?kdf k|fKt gLlt, lgb]{zg tyf ;'emfj ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfdf ePsf Joj:yfx?sf cfwf/df lgDg ljlw / k|lqmof k'/f u/L ug'{ kg]{5 M $=! tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0fcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd of]hgf th'{df sfo{sfnflu ;"rgf tyf ljj/0f ;+sng, ljZn]if0f, ;+:n]if0f tyf gSzfÍg ul/g]5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu k|yd tyf l4lto >f]tdf cfwfl/t ;"rgf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ ;"rgf tyf tYodf cfwfl/t / glthfd"ns agfpg sDtLdf @ cjlwsf] ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f ug{ h?/L 5 . e"–pkof]u, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljz]if u/L ;8s tyf oftfoft, ahf/, ;]jf tyf ;'ljwfdf kx'Fr, ef}lts tyf jftfj/0fLo ;d:of ;DaGwL hfgsf/L gSzf, :ynut cjnf]sg, hflgkmsf/;Fusf] cGt/jftf{ tyf cGo ;j]{If0fsf ljlw k|of]u u/L uflj; tyf gu/kflnsfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . uflj; tyf gu/kflnsf txsf ;+efjgf, cfjZostf tyf ;d:ofx? kfos kg]{ :yfgdf gful/sx?sf] e]nf u/L ;xeflutfd"ns tl/sfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ef}lts tyf jftfj/0fLo, ;+:yfut ljj/0fx? lhlj;, ljifout sfof{no, gu/kflnsf, uflj;, u};; tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;+:yfx?sf] clen]v, k|ltj]bg, ljj/0f, k|f]kmfOn, gSzf tyf k|ult ljj/0f nufot bf]>f] >f]taf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . lhNnf, gu/kflnsf, uflj;, u};; k|f]kmfOn, z}lIfs tyf Joj;flos ;+3÷;+:yf, s]lGb|o tYofÍ ljefuaf6 k|sflzt tYofÍ / ljj/0f klg tYofÍ tyf ljj/0fsf] k|d'v >f]tx? x'g\ . lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf / ;d;fdlos ljifox?;+u ;DalGwt tYofÍ ;+sngsf nflu ljifo If]q cg';f/ kmf/fd tof/ u/L k|yd tyf l4lto ljleGg >f]taf6 tYofÍ ;+sng ug'{ kg]{5 . ljleGg >f]taf6 pknAw tYofÍnfO{ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL, ul0ftLo tyf tYofÍ zf:qLo cf}hf/x?sf] k|of]u u/L ;do k|jfx, :yfgut tyf ljifout ?kdf ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . o; sfo{df k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] lj16f]nLnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ lhNnf:t/df tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f sfo{ ;d"x u7g u/L kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg]5 . tYofÍ ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgf tyf ljj/0fnfO{ lhNnf:t/df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cfof]hgf u/L k|:t'tL tyf ?h' ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|sf/ cfof]hgf x'g] uf]i7LDff lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf sd{rf/L, ljifout sfof{no, gu/kflnsf tyf uflj;sf k|ltlglw, /fli6«o dfGotf k|fKt /fhgLlts bn, dlxnf, afnaflnsf, blnt;Fu ;+alGwt ;+hfn, ljkGg tyf lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo, c÷u};;, ;+rf/sdL{, pBdL tyf Joj;foL / k"j{hgk|ltlglw tyf ;dfh;]jLx?sf] ;xeflutf x'g]5 . o;af6 of]hgf th'{dfsf] clt cfjZos tyf gk'u ;"rgfsf] >f]t ;d]t to ul/g]5 eg] lhNnftxsf ljsf;sf ;+efjgf, cfjZostf÷;d:of, cj;/ tyf r"gf}ltsf] ;d]t ljZn]if0f / klxrfg ul/g]5 . tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ lhNnf ljsf;sf ;+Effjgf, cfjZostf, cj/f]w, nufgLsf] k|jfx tyf >f]t, vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{, kf]if0f, o'jf, dlxnf, afnaflnsf,

27

ljkGg tyf nlIft ju{, k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg, ljkb\ hflvd tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg;Fu ;+alGwt ;"rgf pknAwtfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf] ;fy} cfjZostf, ;fGble{stf / pko'Qmtfsf] cfwf/df /fli6«o tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf;+u tfbfDotf ;d]t ldnfpg' kg]{5 .$=@ of]hgf th'{df k|lqmoflhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] g]t[Tj / lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/ tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;lqmotfdf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwaf6 cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 . j[xt tyf ;xeflutfd"ns ?kdf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{nfO{ dfu{bz{g ug{ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] u7g tyf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof tyf sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg] / cfjlws of]hgf th'{df kZrft\ ;d]t of]hgf cg';f/ nufgL sfo{df lhNnfl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? aLr ;Dks{ tyf ;dGjo u/L ;xof]u clea[l4 tyf kl/rfng ug{]{ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L xf] . lgb]{zs ;ldlt, :yfgfLo zf;g tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] cfk"lt{ tyf dfu kIf, Joj;flos÷gLlh If]q tyf gful/s ;dfh ;d]tsf] j[xt ;+nUgtf x'g] x'Fbf of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;a} kIfsf] ;afn / rfxfgf k|ltljlDat ug{ / of]hgfdf ckgTj, ljZj;lgotf tyf sfg"gL cfwf/ ;d]t tof/ x'G5 . lgb]{zs ;ldltdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf, ljifout sfof{no, gu/kflnsf, uflj;, /fhgLlts bn, gful/s ;dfh, c÷u};;, ;+rf/sdL{, pBdL, Joj;foL / k"j{hgk|ltlglw, ;dfh;]jL tyf of]hgf th'{df lj1 6f]nL ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /xG5 . o;sf] ;+/rgf o; sfo{ljj/0fsf] cg';"rL–@ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . of] ;ldltn] of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf cfjZos gLlt, dfu{bz{g / sfo{of]hgf th'{df ug]{ k|d'v ;+/rgfsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{5 . o;n] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] ljleGg kIfx? h:t} l:ylt ljZn]if0f, ;+efjgf, cfjZostf tyf ;d:of klxrfg, lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff th'{df, ljifout of]hgf th'{df, ;/f]sf/jfnf gSzfÍg, >f]t k|If]k0f, nufgL of]hgf, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;aGwdf ;Nnfx, ;'emfj / dfu{bz{g k|bfg ub{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;xh, k|efjsf/L, ;dfj]zL, glthfd"ns / Jojl:yt ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ / lhNnfsf] l:ylt cg';f/ cfjZos b]lvPdf lgb]{zs ;ldlt dWo]af6 d'Vo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;d]t u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ ;ldltsf] cfsf/ ;fgf] agfpg h?/L x'G5 . o; ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltn] lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] tkm{af6 ;ldlt / ljifout ;d"x aLr k'nsf] sfd ug]{5 . lb3{sflng ?kdf o; ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf] k|lqmofdf ;xlhs/0f ug]{ ;ldltsf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f x'g]5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ;a} r/0fx?df cfjZos ;Dk"0f{ ljZn]if0ffTds sfo{ / of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;xlhs/0fsf nflu of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL u7g / kl/rfng ul/g]5 . of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLdf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yf lj1x?sf] cnjf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf k|fljlws / ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf] ;d]t ;+nUgtf x'g]5 . of]hgf th'{dfsf] qmddf pklhNnf txsf] uf]i7L tyf 5nkmndf ;a} uflj;, gu/kflnsf, gful/s, u};; / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutf u/fpg' kg]{5 . of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLn] ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo dGqfnoaf6 th'{df u/L hf/L u/]sf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{ljlw adf]lhd afne]nf cfof]hgfsf] ;'lglZrttf u/L k|fKt ;jfn tyf ;'emfjnfO{ aflif{s of]hgfdf ?

28

kfGt/0f ug{ cfjlws of]hgfdf ;dfj]z u/fpg' kg]{5 . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;fGble{stf tyf ljlzi6 k|s[ltsf k/fdz{x?df /fhgLlts bnx?, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ aflif{s sfo{qmdnfO{ cfwf/ k|bfg ug{ gu/kflnsf tyf uflj;txsf sfo{qmd tyf cfof]hgf ;d]t klxrfg ug'{ kg]{5 . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;dfj]zL / ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] oy]i6 ;+nUgtf ;'lgZrt ug{ o'jf tyf l;dfGts[t / al~rt ;d"x h:t}M blnt, hghftL, ljz]if ;d"x h:t}M dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?;Fu 5'§f5'§} cGt/lqmof ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt tyf ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ;d]t of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf oyf]lrt ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{5 . lgb]{zs ;ldltn] ljifout ?kdf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f, ;+efjgf tyf cfjZostf ljZn]if0f, ljifout If]q of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn tyf ljlzi6 bIftf k|bfg ug{ ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;d"x÷;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;d"xn] of]hgf ;f]r tflnsf -nlhsn k|m]djs{_ adf]lhd of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLsf] ;xof]udf ljleGg ljifout of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug]{5 . ljifout of]hgfx?df ljifout If]qsf] nIo, p2]Zo, k|ltkmn, lqmofsnfkx?, sfo{;Dkfbgsf ;"rsx?, k'i6\ofO{sf cfwf/x? tyf sfo{gLlt to ug'{ kg]{5 . ljifout of]hgfn] lhNnf ljsf; k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLn] lb3{sflng ef}lts ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] cfjZostf, l;4fGt tyf of]hgf th'{df sfo{df dfu{bz{g ug{ ljifout of]hgf th'{df ;d"x;Fu lj:t[t 5nkmn tyf k/fdz{ ug]{5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf ljlzi6 ljlw tyf k|lqmof cjnDag ul/g]5 . $=@ ! of]hgf tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ePsf lg0f{o, o; sfo{ljj/0f tyf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug{sf] nflu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfaLr cfk;L ;/;Nnfx, ;dembf/L sfod u/L of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg of]hgf tof/L sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ug]{5 eg] ;xlhs/0f k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfsf ;DalGwt ljifo lj1x?n] ug'{ kg]{5 . uf]i7Ldf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cfjZostf, p2]Zo, of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;xlhs/0f ;+oGq tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] sfo{ljj/0f, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df sfo{tflnsf ;d]t tof/ u/L 5nkmn tyf cg'df]bg ug'{ kg]{5 . sfo{of]hgfsf] nflu cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]lvt 9fFrf k|of]u ug{'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Ldf lgb]{zs ;ldlt / tYofÍ cBfjlws tyf gk'u tYofÍ ;+sng / hfFr, ljifout l:ylt ljZn]if0f, ljutsf ljsf; k|of; tyf pknAwLsf] ljZn]if0f, ;d:of tyf ;+efjgf ljZn]if0f, lhNnfaf;L hgtfsf] rfxgf ;+sng tyf ljifout of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf nflu ljifout sfo{bn ;d]t u7g u/L] lj:t[t sfo{ljj/0f tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . o; ;DaGwL sfo{ljj/0f cg';'rL @ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . $=@=@ tYofÍ ;+sng, cBfjlws tyf ljZn]if0f

29

k|yd >f]taf6 ;+slnt tYofÍ tyf ljj/0f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf tyf uflj;af6 k|sflzt j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f tyf s]lGb|o txaf6 lhNnf;Fu ;DalGwt pknAw tYofÍnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ k|If]k0f, ;xeflutfd"ns 5nkmnsf] cfwf/df ul0ftLo tyf tYofÍ zf:qLo cf}hf/x? k|of]u u/L tYofÍ cWofjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . tYofÍ ljZn]if0f ubf{ lhNnf ljsf;sf] ut cfjlws of]hgfsf] ;dLIff k|ltj]bg, aflif{s k|ltjb]gx?, ljifout sfof{nox?, ;+3÷;+:yf / ljleGg kl/of]hgf tyf ljsf; ;fem]bf/ tyf uflj; j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f, lhNnfsf] ljifout l:ylt ljZn]if0f tyf /0fgLlts of]hgfx? ;d]tsf] cWoog / ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf ljsf;sf] ljBdfg cj:yf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . hg;+Vof ;DaGwL ljj/0fsf nflu /fli6«o hgu0fgf @)^*, lhlj; tyf uflj;n] u/]sf] cBfjlws ljj/0fsf] pkof]u ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o;sf ;fy} tof/ ePsf ljleGg >f]t tyf ;fdflhs gSzf ;d]tsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{ 5 . o; cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ljZn]if0f, nlIft ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg tyf cj:yf ljZn]if0f, k/fdz{ uf]i7L tyf a}7s, lhNnf ljsf;sf] ljutsf k|of; tyf pknAwL / ;d:ofx?sf] ljZn]if0f, lhNnf ljsf;sf cfjZostf, ;jfn / ;+efjgf tyf cj;/x?sf] ljZn]if0f, ;+:yfut Ifdtfsf] n]vfhf]vf, >f]t gSzf tof/L tyf ljZn]if0f / ljlQo >f]t tyf >f]tsf] k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f u/L j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . of]hgf th'{dfnfO{ ;"rgfdf cfwfl/t / j:t'k/s agfpg sDtLdf @ ;dofjwLsf] tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0fsf] Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos x'G5 .

$=@=# lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg tof/LpknAw cBfjlws tYofÍx? tyf ljleGg >f]t / ;fdflhs gSzfx?sf] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] cfwf/ tyf k|yd efusf] ?kdf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf lhNnfsf] j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm k|ltj]bgdf >f]t tyf ;fdflhs gSzf ;d]t ;do ;fk]If kl/dfh{g ;lxt tof/ u/L k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|sf/ tof/ ul/Psf] lhNnf ljsf;sf] ljBdfg cj:yf emNsg] ljj/0f / gSzf ;lxtsf] d:of}bf k|ltj]bg lhNnf ljsf;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf cfof]hgf ul/g] uf]i7Ldf k|:t't u/L ;'emfj ;lxt k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg' kg]{5 . h'g cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|yd efu x'g]5 .

$=@=$ k/fdz{ uf]i7L cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf pklhNnf:t/df kfos kg]{ :yfgfdf ;a} uflj;, gu/kflnsf, gful/s, u};; / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutfdf k/fdz{ uf]i7L cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy} ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo dGqfnoaf6 th'{df u/L hf/L afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g /fli6«o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{ljlw adf]lhd afne]nfsf] ;d]t cfof]hgf u/L afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;jfn tyf ;'emfj k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjZostf, ;fGble{stf tyf ljlzi6s[t ljifox?df ljleGg If]qdf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf lhNnfsf lj1 JolQmx?, /fhgLlts bnx?, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu k/fdz{ u/L /fo ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ ;dfj]zL / ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] oy]i6 ;+nUgtf ;'lgZrt ug{ o'jf tyf l;dfGts[t / al~rt ;d"x h:t}M blnt, hghftL, ljz]if ;d"x h:t}M dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?;Fu 5'§f5'§} cGt/lqmof ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt

30

tyf ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ;d]t of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf /fo ;'emfj k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . $=@=% lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff b:tfj]h tof/Lo; r/0fdf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tyf ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg, k/fdz{ uf]i7L / k|yd cfjlws of]hgfsf] ;dLIff k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v ;afn, ;+efjgf tyf r"gf}ltx? ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff tyf k"j{jlt{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / ;dLIffsf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf] j[xt 9fFrf th'{df, 5nkmn / k|:t't ul/g]5 . o; cGtu{t lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL3{sflng ;f]r, lgb]{zs l;4fGt, ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo tyf k|fyldstfx?sf] lgwf{/0f ul/g]5 . o;}u/L ljQLo >f]t tyf >f]t k|j[lQsf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf >f]tx?sf] k|If]k0f tyf cg'dfg / ljifout If]qx?sf] k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/df >f]tsf] ljifo If]qut afF8kmfF8 ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} /fli6«o of]hgf, /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo ljifout u'?of]hgfx?sf] nIosf cfwf/df ljifout of]hgfsf] nIo ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|sf/ lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff tof/ u/L ;f] sf] lgrf]8 ;DaGwL b:tfj]h tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . $=@=^ ljifout If]q of]hgf th'{dflhNnf j:t'ut tyf ljifout l:ylt ljZn]if0f ljj/0f, k/fdz{ uf]i7Laf6 k|fKt /fo tyf ;'emfj, lhNnf ljsf;sf] k|:tfljt cjwf/0ff Pj+ ljifout If]q u'?of]hgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfwf/df ljifout of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qx?sf] ;f]r tflnsf adf]lhd lj:t[t sfo{qmd, cfof]hgf tyf ah]6 ;lxt ljifout If]q of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/L ug'{ kg{]5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljifout sfo{ ;d"xsf] g]t[Tjdf ljifout ?kdf cnu cnu sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgf ug]{5 . pQm uf]i7Lsf] ;xlhs/0f tyf lgisif{sf] ?kdf ljifout If]q of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . ljifout of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ljifout sfo{ ;d"xsf ;fy} /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, ljifout sfof{no tyf ;+3÷;+:yf / ljsf; ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?, nlIft ju{, gful/s ;dfh / gLlh If]qsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g' kg]{5 . o; sfo{df ljleGg If]qdf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf lhNnfsf lj1 JolQmx? tyf nlIft ju{;Fu k/fdz{ lng ;lsg]5 . o; k|sf/ tof/ ePsf] lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljj/0f, lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff / ljifo If]qut of]hgfsf] k|:tfljt d:of}bfx? lhNnf:t/Lo ;xeflutfd"ns a[xt sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/L k|:t't tyf 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{5 . $=@=& lhNnf:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnflhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df lgb]{zs ;ldlt;Fusf] ;dGjodf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutfdf lhNnf:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 . uf]i7Ldf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg, lhNnf ljsf;sf] k|:tfljt cjwf/0ff, k/fdz{ uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnaf6 k|fKt ;'emfj tyf lgZsif{x?, lj:t[t cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 ;lxt ;f]r tflnsf cg';f/ th'{df ul/Psf lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qsf ljifout of]hgfx?sf] d:of}bf pk/ ;d"xut tyf j[xt ;d"xdf k|:t't tyf 5nkmn ug'{ kg]{5 . uf]i7Ldf j[xt ;d"xdf k|:t't of]hgfsf ;ldi6ut ljifo tyf glthfx?df cfjZos kl/dfh{g, yk36 tyf ;+;f]wg, PsLs[t ;f]r tflnsf -nlhsn k|m]djs{_ tof/L /

31

cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg / lhDd]jf/L tflnsf ;d]t jx'ljifout If]q nufgL of]hgf tof/ u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 . ;d"xut ?kdf ljifout If]q of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd, k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd, nIo / ah]6 ;lxt cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg 9fFrf ;d]t lgwf{/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df ubf{ cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|:tfljt If]q tyf nlIft ju{ ;d]t ls6fg ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Lsf] k|lqmof tyf lgisif{x?sf] clen]vg ug'{ kg]{5 .cfjlws of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu cfjZos ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg], l:ylt ljZn]if0f ug]{ / of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL uf]i7Lx?df pkl:yt eO{ of]hgf th'{df ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ / ljifo If]qut cfof]hgf / sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df sfo{qmd ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ljifout sfof{nox?, /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglw, ;+3÷;+:yf gful/s ;dfh tyf ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x?sf] e"ldsf x'G5 . of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnffO{ cufl8 a9fpg] tyf dfu{bz{g ug]{ sfo{ lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . ljutsf of]hgfx?sf] pknAwLsf] ;dLIff, ;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f tyf tYofÍ cBfjlws ug]{, ljifo If]qut of]hgf th'{df tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qx?sf] lj:t[t cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd / ah]6 th'{df ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ljifout sfo{;d"xx?sf] x'g]5 . of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL k|lqmofsf] g]t[Tj lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] x'g]5 .$=@=* cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/Lof]hgf th'{df 6f]nLsf] ;xof]udf k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfsf ljifolj1n] ljleGg r/0fdf ePsf sfo{zfnf uf]i7L Pj+ 5nkmnsf lgisif{sf] cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf -lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf_ adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/ ug{' kg]{5 . ljifout tyf j:t'ut l:ylt ljZn]if0f, k/fdz{ uf]i7L, lhNnf ljsf; cjwf/0ff, ljifout If]q of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L tyf lhNnf:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] pknAwLsf ?kdf pknAw lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . ljifout tyf j:t'ut l:ylt ljZn]if0f, uf]i7Lsf] ;xlhs/0f tyf uf]i7Lsf pknAwL tyf lgisif{x?sf] clen]vg u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/L ug]{ k|d'v lhDd]jf/L k/fdz{bftfsf] x'g]5 . b:tfj]h tof/ ug{ of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL tyf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u / uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf lg0f{o tyf lgisif{x? pknAw u/fpg' lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfloTj x'g]5 . k/fdz{bftfn] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/]sf] cfjlws of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . %= sfo{x?sf] ljj/0f -Discription of Work_ tyf k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsfcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf 5g\ M

P]g, lgod, lgb]{lzsf tyf k|ltj]bg cWoog tyf k'g/fjnf]sg cfjlws of]hgf tof/L ;DaGwL ;xdtL lgdf{0f, ;xof]uL ;+oGq lgdf{0f

tyf cled'vLs/0f tYofÍ÷;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f

32

tYofÍ÷;"rgf ljZn]if0f Pj+ lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf gSzf tof/L k/fdz{ uf]i7L tyf 5nkmn lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff th'{df ljifout If]q of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df clGtd sfo{zfnf uf]i7L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/L / ;'emfj ;+sng cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf :jLs[lt -lhNnf kl/ifb\af6_ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog cflhljof] glthfd"ns cg'udg, dBfjlw / clGtd d'NofÍg

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsf b]xfo cg';f/ x'g]5 M %=! lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ;du| sfo{ tyf k|lqmofsf] g]t[Tj lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofnfO{ r/0fa4 ?kdf cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu lhNnfl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;Dks{ / ;dGjo u/L ;a}nfO{ kl/rfng ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf lgb]{zs ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ e"ldsf b]xfog'';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{nfO{ jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf

ah]6df ;dfj]z u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ . cfjlws lhNNff ljsf; of]hgfsf] vfsf leq /xL glthfdf cfwfl/t jflif{s

of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] cu'jfO{ ug]{ . lhNNffdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L / u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfosf] ;xeflutf x'g] u/L of]hgf

th'{df lgb]{zg ;ldlt tyf ;xof]u ;d"x÷pk;d"x agfO{ k|fljlws k/fdz{ bftf;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ ;dfj]zL / u'0f:t/Lo ?kdf th'{df ug{ cu'jfO{ ug]{ .

r/0fa4 ?kdf cfof]hgf x'g] cg'lzIf0f (Orientation), k/fdz{ (Consultation) / ;xdlt (Consensus) k|lqmofdf /fhgLlts bn nufot ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] ;xeflutf h'6fpg] .

s]Gb|:t/df u7g ePsf] ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgb]{zg, ;'emfj jf k[i6kf]if0fnfO{ oyf k|;Ë kfngf jf ;Daf]wg ug]{ .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] l;nl;nfdf ljifout ;"rgf, tYof+s, hfgsf/L ;+sng sfo{df c'ujfO{ u/L k|fjlws k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|qm[of ;Fu;Fu} o;sf ljifoj:t' af/] hfgsf/ x'Fb} :jfldTj u|x0f ub}{ hfg] u/L ;do tflnsf agfO{ lhNnfsf ;a} ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ljsf; k|bfos lgsfo ;fem]bf/ / ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu ;'emfj tyf k[i6kf]if0f lng] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

æbn;+u hgtfÆ (People with the party)" sf] dd{ k|lt ;hu eO{ k|f/De b]lv /fhgLlts bnn] :jfldTj af]w ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .

33

;+rf/;+u ljZjf; (Trust with media) sf] dfu{ cg'?k ;+rf/ If]qn] /fd|f] sfd x'Fb}5 egL dxTj km}nfpg] jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{ Wofg lbg] .

;do ;Ldf ;lxtsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df lqmofsnfk lgwf{/0f u/L ;f] cg'?k Joj:yfkg ug]{ . o; sfo{df k|fljlws k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]u pkof]u ug]{ .

lhNnf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|qm[ofsf x/]s r/0fdf dlxnf, afnaflnsf, o'jf, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm / k5fl8 k/]sf ju{x? -blnt, hghflt, dw]zL, d'l:nd_ sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ / of]hgfdf pgLx?sf] ;'emfj ;dfj]z ug]{ .

%=@ /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]ucfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ e"ldsf b]xfocg'';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

lhNnfdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg s]Gb|Lo:t/df cGt/ lgsfo ;dGjo ug]{ .

;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf sfo{ljlw th'{df ubf{ cfjZos ;'emfj lbg] tyf :jLs[ltsf] nflu ;xdlt k|bfg ug]{ .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf lhNnfnfO{ /0fgLlts dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug]{ .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h pk/ ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj lbg] . %=# ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnocfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u tyf e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lg0f{o k|lqmofdf lhNnf ljsf;sf ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f ug]{, of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] cg'udg ug]{, k/fdz{, uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf] u'0f:t/ ;'lglZrt ug]{, of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf /fo, ;Nnfx / ;'efj lbg] / of]hgf b:tfj]h pk/ ;'emfj tyf k|ltlqmof lbg] tyf lhNnf kl/ifbaf6 l:js[lt k"j{ ;xdlt lbg] cfbL /x]sf 5g\ . ;ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 b]xfo cg';f/sf] e"ldsfsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 M

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{ljlw tof/ kf/L To;df /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] ;xdlt lnO{ :jLs[t ug]{ / ;a} lhNnfdf cg'lzIf0f k|bfg u/L To;sf] k|of]u ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf nflu sfo{ljj/0f -TOR_ :jLs[t u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd ;a} lhlj;af6 th'{df x'g] Joj:yf ug]{ .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ;xdtL lgdf{0f tyf k"j{ tof/L sfo{sf] ;xlhs/0f ug]{ tyf lhNnfsf] l:ylt x]/L of]hgf th'{dfsfo{sf nflu >f]tsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .

cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ ;Dddf ;a} lhNnfdf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df u/L ;Sg] .

34

:yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd -LGCDP_ sf bft[ lgsfox?sf] ;xof]u h'6fO{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{nfO{ ;DkGg ug]{ .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ Quality Cell u7g ug]{ . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h cWoog, k|ltlqmof tyf ;'emfj lgb]

{zg lbg] . lhNnfn] tof/ u/]sf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ ;DalGwt kl/ifb\af6

:jLs[t ug'{ cuf8L dGqfnoaf6 Pre-review u/]/ ;xdlt k|bfg ug]{ .%=$ ljifout dGqfnox?cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ljifout dGqfnox?sf] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ ljlzi6 e"ldsf b]xfocg'';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

lhNnf:t/df lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{df th'{df x'g] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf nflu cf–cfˆgf] ljifo If]qsf] ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg] / If]qut nIo / p2]Zo ;lxt cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg dftxtsf lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] d'n vfsf leq /xL glthfdf cfwfl/t jflif{s lhNnf ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df ug{ dftxtsf lgsfonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg >f]t JolQm v6fpg] .

%=% cGt/fli6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf/ lgsfocfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df cGt/fli6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf/ lgsfox?af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf ljlzi6 e"ldsf b]xfocg'';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] cu'jfO{df ;+rfng x'g] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k|fljlws tyf ljlQo ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf adf]lhd glthfdf cfwfl/t jflif{s ljsf; sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df ug{ Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

%=^ u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf cGo ljsf; k|bfos lgsfocfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf cGo ljsf; k|bfos ;fem]bf/ lgsfox?af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf ljlzi6 e"ldsf b]xfocg'';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df ;lqmo ;xeflu eO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf adf]lhd glthfdf cfwfl/t jflif{s sfo{qmd tyf ah]6 th'{df u/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt / ;DalGwt ljifout sfof{nosf] ;dGjodf sfof{Gjog ug]{ . o; qmddf th'{dfsf] r/0fdf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] of]hgf k|lqmofdf ;xefuL eO{ / sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fdf ;DalGwt ljifout ;/sf/L lgsfo / lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt;+u ;"rgf ;dGjo u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

%=& k/fdz{bftf tyf ;]jf k|bfosf] e"ldsf

35

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k/fdz{bftf tyf ;]jf k|bfosn] lgjf{x ug]{ k|d'v e"ldsfx?df P]g, lgod, lgb]{lzsf tyf k|ltj]bgx? ;+sng, cWoog tyf k'g/fjnf]sg, tYofÍ ;+sng kmf/fd tyf ;"rLx? tof/L, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgf tof/L / ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f, pknAw tYofÍ ljZn]if0f / >f]t gSzfÍg, lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f k|ltj]bg tof/L tyf k|:t'lts/0f, k/fdz{ uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf] ;xlhs/0f, lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff th'{df, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ljifout tyf a[xt uf]i7Lx?sf] ;xlhs/0f, uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf lgisif{x?sf] clen]vg, cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/L tyf k|:t'lts/0f cfbL /x]sf 5g\ . k/fdz{bftfn] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsf ;DaGwL lj:t[t ljj/0f tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M P]g, lgod, lgb]{lzsf tyf k|ltj]bg cWoog tyf k'g/fjnf]sgM

k/fdz{bftfn] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df;Fu ;DalGwt P]g, lgod, lgb]{lzsf, /fli6«o of]hgf, ljutsf] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf, s]lGb|o tyf lhNnfsf ljifout u'?of]hgfx?, cl3Nnf cfjlws of]hgfsf] dBfjlw tyf clGtd d"NofÍg÷;dLIff k|ltj]bg, lhNnfsf] cWofjlws j:t'ut ljj/0f k|ltj]bg, lhNnf ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt k|ult tyf cGo k|ltj]bgx?sf] ;+sng, cWoog tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 . k/fdz{bftfnfO{ cfjZos b:tfj]h, k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0fx? ;+sng ;xof]u ug'{ tyf pknAw u/fpg' lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo, ;+3÷;+:yf / JolQmx?sf] lhDd]jf/L x'g]5 .

cfjlws of]hgf tof/L uf]i7L tyf cled'vLs/0fM k/fdz{bft[ ;+:yfn] cfjlws of]hgf tof/L ;DaGwL uf]i7Lsf] ;xhLs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Ldf k/fdz{bftfn] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmodf lhNnf:t/df ;xdtL lgdf{0f, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ;dotflnsf tof/L, k|:t'tL / :jLs[lt, ;xof]u ;+oGq lgdf{0f -lgb]{zs ;ldlt tyf ljifout sfo{;d"x tyf ljifout ;ldltx? lgdf{0f_, cfjlws of]hgf th'{df sfo{df lhDd]jf/ ;xof]uL ;+oGq tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] e"ldsf, tYofÍ pknAwtfsf] cj:yf tyf gk'u tYofÍ ;+sngsf nflu ug'{ kg]{ sfo{x? / lhDd]jf/L af/] ;xlhs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL tof/L sfo{sf] cj:yf x]/L pQm uf]i7L Ps b]lv 8]9 lbg ;Ddsf] x'g ;Sg]5 . pQm uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ug]{5 / lgb]{zs ;ldltn] o; sfo{df cfjZos dfu{bz{g tyf ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{5 .

tYofÍ÷;"rgf ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0fM cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ljifout sfo{;d"x;Fu cfjZos k/fdz{ u/L cfjlws of]hgf th'{df tof/L uf]i7Laf6 klxrfg ul/Psf] gk'u tYofÍ ;+sngsf nflu k/fdz{bftfn] cfjZos kmf/fd tyf r]slni6 tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|sf/ tof/ ePsf] kmf/fd tyf r]slni6 lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf ljifout sfo{;d"xnfO{ pknAw u/fO{ tf]lsPsf] ;dol;df leq ljleGg >f]taf6 tYofÍ pknAw x'g] Joj:yf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf lgb]{zs ;ldltnfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{5 . ;DalGwt ljifoIf]qsf] tYofÍ ;+sng u/L pknAw u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt lgsfo, ;+3÷;+:yf / kIfsf] x'g]5 . s]Gb|Lo lgsfox?af6 k|fKt x'g] ;"rgfsf] xsdf k/fdz{bftfn] cfjZos Joa:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} lhNnf, Onfsf / gu/kflnsf tyf uflj;x?;fu ;d]t k/fdz{ / 5nkmn u/L cfjZos ;"rgfx? ;+sng ;d]t ug{ ;lsg]5 . tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0f ubf{ lhNnf ljsf;sf ;+Effjgf, cfjZostf, cj/f]w, nufgLsf] k|jfx tyf >f]t, vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO{, kf]if0f, o'jf, dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ljkGg tyf

36

nlIft ju{, k|fs[lts >f]t Joj:yfkg, ljkb\ hflvd tyf jftfj/0f;Fu ;+alGwt ;"rgf pknAwtfdf Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .

k/fdz{ uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnM cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf lhNnfaf;L tyf :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf Pj+ rfxgf ;dfof]hg ug]{ x]t' Onfsf jf gkf÷uflj;x?sf] ;d"xnfO{ kfos kg]{ :yfgdf k/fdz{ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{kg]{5 . o; k|sf/ k/fdz{ uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn]] ug]{ / ;xlhs/0f k/fdz{bftfn] ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Ldf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofaf/] hfgsf/L, :yfgLo ;+efjgf, cfjZostf / k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmd klxrfg tyf ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} pknAw /fli6«o /0fgLlt tyf sfo{ljlw adf]lhd afne]nf cfof]hgf u/L of]hgfdf afnaflnsf;Fu ;DalGwt ;afn / ;'emfjx? ;+sng ug'{ kg]{5 . o;}u/L cfjZostf tyf ljlzi6s[t ljifox?df ljleGg If]qdf cg'ej xfl;n u/]sf lhNnfsf lj1 JolQmx?, o'jf, dlxnf tyf cGo l;dfGts[t / al~rt ;d"x h:t}M blnt, hghftL, ckfËtf ePsf JolQm cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt, ;'s'Daf;L;Fu 5'§f5'§} cGt/lqmof ug'{ kg]{5 .

tYofÍ÷;"rgf ljZn]if0f Pj+ lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf gSzf tof/LM k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf ljifo lj1åf/f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf lgb]{zs ;ldlt;Fusf] ;dGjodf ljifout sfo{;d"xsf] ;xof]udf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf ljleGg >f]t / If]qaf6 pknAw tYofÍ P]g, lgod / lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf Pj+ cfjZos ljlw / k|lqmofaf6 ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf gSzf tof/L ug'{ kg]{5 . o; cGtu{t tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df ljifout / :yfgut ;d:of÷;jfn, ;+efjgf÷cj;/ / pknAwLx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 / ;+ej ePhltsf ;"rgfnfO{ ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t gSzfdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} lhNnf:t/df lgb]{zs ;ldlt, ljifout sfo{;d"x ;lxt k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] uf]i7Ldf k|:t'tL tyf 5nkmn u/L lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf gSzf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff th'{dfM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldtn] ;xeflutfTds sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/L lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Ldf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt Pj+ lgb]{zs ;ldlt, lhNnfl:yt /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v tyf k|ltlglwx?, lhNnf ljsf;sf k|d'v ;fem]bf/ lgsfo Pj+ ;+3÷;+:yfsf k|ltlglw Pj+ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 . uf]i7Lsf] ;xlhs/0f k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf ;xhstf{n] ug'{ kg]{5 . ;xeflutfd"ns sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf >f]t gSzf, k/fdz{ uf]i7Laf6 k|fKt lgisif{ / ;'emfjx? / lhNnf ljsf;sf ljutsf k|of; / pknAwLx?sf] ;dLIffsf cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf ;+efjgf, ;d:of, cj;/ tyf r"gf}ltx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff th'{df ul/g]5 . lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdf bL3{sflng ;f]r, lgb]{zs l;4fGt, ;dli6ut nIo, p2]Zo / ;f] sf] dfkgsf ;"rs Pj+ cfwf/x? ;lxt PsLs[t ;f]r tflnsf tof/L tyf lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstfsf If]qx? lgwf{/0f, lhNnf ljsf;sf nufgLsf >f]tx?, ljifo If]qut nufgL jfF8kmfF8 / /fli6«o of]hgf nIox?sf] cfwf/df lhNnf ljsf;sf ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ef}lts nIox? lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] x'g' kb{5 .

ljifo If]qut of]hgf th'{dfM lhNnf ljsf;sf] k|:tfljt cjwf/0ff, lhNnf j:t'ut tyf ljifout l:ylt ljZn]if0f ljj/0f, Onfsf:t/Lo k/fdz{ uf]i7Laf6 k|fKt /fo tyf ;'emfj Pj+ ljifout If]q u'?of]hgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] cfwf/df

37

ljifout of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qx?sf] glthfdf cfwfl/t tyf ;f]r tflnsf adf]lhd k|fyldstf k|fKt cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd / ah]6 ;lxt ljifout If]q of]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/L ug'{ kg{]5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljifout sfo{;d"xsf] g]t[Tjdf ljifout ?kdf cnu cnu sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgf ug]{5 . pQm uf]i7Lsf] ;xlhs/0f tyf lgisif{sf] ?kdf ljifout If]q of]hgfsf] d:of}bf k/fdz{bftfn] tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .

lhNnf:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnfM lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] lhNnf ljsf;sf ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;xeflutfdf lhNnf:t/Lo of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ug'{ kg]{5 . lhNnf:t/Lo clGtd sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] ;xlhs/0f k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf lj1 ;xhstf{n] ug'{ kg]{5 . uf]i7Ldf lhNnf j:t'l:ylt ljZn]if0f k|ltj]bg, lhNnf ljsf; k|:tfljt cjwf/0ff / k|fyldstf k|fKt sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf tyf ah]6 ;lxt th'{df ul/Psf lhNnf ljsf;sf k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qsf ljifout of]hgfx?sf] d:of}bf pk/ ;d"xut tyf j[xt ;d"xdf k|:t't tyf 5nkn u/L To;df cfjZos kl/dfh{g, yk36 tyf ;+;f]wg, PsLs[t nuk|m]d tof/L / cfof]hgf÷sfo{qmdsf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f, cg'udg tyf d'NofÍg vfFsf / lhDd]jf/L tflnsf ;d]t tof/ u/L cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ug'{ kg]{5 . pQm uf]i7Lsf] k|lqmof tyf lgisif{x?sf] clen]vg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L k/fdz{bftsf] x'g]5 .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/LM k/fdz{bftfn] ljifolj1 kl/rfng u/L ljleGg r/0fdf ePsf sfo{zfnf uf]i7L Pj+ 5nkmnsf lgisif{sf] cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf -lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf_ adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/ ug{' kg]{5 . b:tfj]h tof/ ug{ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u / uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf lg0f{o tyf lgisif{x? pknAw u/fpg' lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] bfloTj x'g]5 . k/fdz{bftfn] tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tof/ u/]sf] cfjlws of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf k|:t'tL M cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/ eO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ePkZrft\ ;ldltn] of]hgf b:tfj]h ;+ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno tyf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u Pj+ cfjZostf cg';f/ ljifout dGqfno Pj+ ljsf; ;fem]bf/ tyf lhNnfsf lj1 ;d"x ;d]taf6 ;'emfj / k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 . k/fdz{bftfn] k|fKt ;'emfj ;d]t ;dfof]hg u/L of]hgf b:tfj]hnfO{ clGtd ?k lbO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] s]lGb|o:t/df of]hgf 8]l;ldg]zg uf]i7L ;d]t cfof]hgf u/L s]lGb|o lgsfo;Fu of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xof]usf] k|ltj4tf ;d]t cg''/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 . uf]i7Lsf] ;xhLs/0f ug]{ bfloTj k/fdz{bftfsf] x'g]5 .

^= k/fdz{bftf 6f]nLsf] ;+/rgf tyf of]Uotf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLdf Ps hgf 6f]nL k|d'v÷ljsf; of]hgf lj1 ;lxt, cy{zf:qL tyf ljQLo ljZn]ifs, ;+:yfut ljsf; lj1, ;fd'bflos ljsf;÷n}lËs ;dtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f lj1, afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g lj1, jftfj/0f O{l~hlgo/ / l;len O{l~hlgo/ ;DnUg /x]sf] x'g' kg]{5 . o;sf ;fy} of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLdf ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL lj1, tYofÍ ljZn]ifs÷sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtf cfjZos kg]{5 . k/fdz{bftfsf]

38

tkm{af6 cfjZos kg]{ ljifo lj1 tyf JolQmx?sf] ljj/0f tyf lhDd]jf/L lgDgfg';f/ x'g' kg]{5 .

ljifo lj1 / lj1tf lj1sf] ;xof]u ;do of]Uotf tyf cg'ej k|d'v lhDd]jf/Lx?

6f]nL k|d'v÷ljsf; of]hgf lj1–!

$ dlxgf

;fdflhs lj1fg tyf Joj:yfkg ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tyf :yfgLo zf;g Pj+ of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sDtLdf !) aif{ cg'ej ePsf]

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfsf] tkm{Aff6 6f]nL k|d'vsf] ?kdf sfo{ ug]{

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;+aGwL uf]i7L, k/fdz{ tyf 5nkmndf ;xlhs/0f ug]{ tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo lj1 kl/rfng ug]{

tYofÍ ;+sng tyf ljZn]if0fdf ;xof]u tyf ;+alGwt lj1 kl/rfng ug]{

pknAw tYofÍ ljleGg ljlw tyf cf}hf/ k|of]u u/L ljZn]if0f u/L ljifout tyf :yfgut ;+efjgf, ;d:of, cj;/ / r"gf}lt, >f]t tyf nufgL ljZn]if0f ug]{

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;+aGwL sfo{ / k|lqmofsf] clen]vgsf] Joj:yf ug]{

cfjlws of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h tof/ u/L k|:t't ug]{

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;aGwL sfo{ / k|lqmof ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{

cy{zf:qL÷ljQLo ljZn]ifs–!

# dlxgf

cy{zf:q jf Joj:yfkg ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tyf :yfgLo zf;g Pj+ of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sDtLdf * aif{ cg'ej ePsf]

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf cfly{s tyf ljQLo If]qsf] lj1sf] ?kdf tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'tL ug]{

39


cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;+aGwL uf]i7L, k/fdz{ tyf 5nkmndf ;xlhs/0f ug]{ tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ 6f]nL k|d'v tyf cGo lj1nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofsf] clen]vg, k|ltj]bg tyf b:tfj]h tof/Ldf 6f]nL k|d'vnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{

;+:yfut ljsf; lj1–!

!=% dlxgf

dfgljsL, Joj:yfkg tyf cGo ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tyf /0fgLlts÷cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sDtLdf * jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]

cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmofdf ;+:yfut ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g If]qsf] lj1sf] ?kdf tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'tL ug]{



;dfhzf:qL÷;fd'bflos ljsf; lj1÷h]lz lj1

!=% dlxgf

dfgljsL tyf ;fdflhs lj1fg ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tyf /0fgLlts÷cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sDtLdf * jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]

cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmofdf ;fd'bflos ljsf; tyf h]zL lj1sf] ?kdf tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'tL ug]{


cfjlws of]hgf th'{df 40


k|lqmofsf] clen]vg, k|ltj]bg tyf b:tfj]h tof/Ldf 6f]nL k|d'vnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{

jfnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g ljZn]ifs

! dlxgf ;fdflhs lj1fg, Joj:yfkg tyf cGo ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ tyf /0fgLlts÷cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sDtLdf * jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]

cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmofdf afnd}qL :yfgLo zf;g lj1sf] ?kdf tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'tL ug]{



jftfj/0f O{l~hlgo/

! dlxgf jftfj/0f Ol~hlgol/Ëdf :gfts eO{ sDtLdf % aif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]

cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmofdf jftfj/0f tyf ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg lj1sf] ?kdf tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'tL ug]{



l;len O{l~hlgo/

! dlxgf l;len Ol~hlgol/Ëdf :gfts eO{ sDtLdf %

cflhljof] th'{df k|lqmofdf ef}lts ljsf; lj1 tyf k|fljlwssf] ?kdf

41


aif{sf] cg'ej ePsf] tYofÍ ;+sng, ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t'tL ug]{



ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljz]if1–!

! dlxgf e"uf]n, tYofÍzf:q, Ol~hlgol/Ë, jg tyf s[lif ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ u/L sDtLdf % aif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]

lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{

ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljZn]if0f tyf gSzfsfnflu dfgjLo tyf ef}lts ljj/0f ;DaGwL tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{

pknAw dfgjLo tyf ef}lts ljj/0f / cGo cBfjlws ljj/0f cg';f/ >f]t gSzfsf] ?kdf GIS gSzf tof/ ug]{

tYofÍ ljZn]if0fdf ljZn]ifs tyf of]hgf th'{df k|fljlws 6f]nL / cGo ;+alGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{

of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;xeflu e} pknAw ;"rgf / cfof]hgf tyf sfo{qmd gSzf tof/ u/L k|:t't ug]{

of]hgf th'{df sfo{df ;xof]u ug]{

tYofÍ ljZn]ifs tyf sDKo'6/ ck/]6/ tyf

$ dlxgf

dfgljsL tyf Joj:yfkg ljifodf sDtLdf :gfts /

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf k/fdz{bftfsf]

42


Joj:yfks–! /0fgLlts of]hgf, sfo{zfnf ufi7L / tflnd ;aGwL slDtdf # jif{sf] cg'ej ePsf]

tkm{af6 of]hgf k|fljlws 6f]nLnfO{ sDKo'6/ 6fOk, tYofÍ k|lji6 tyf sfo{zfnf ;~rfng, clen]vg tyf dfOGo'l6Ë / lg0f{odf ;xof]u ug]{

cflhljof] th'{df ;+aGwL sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgdf k/fdz{bftfsf] tkm{af6 ;xeflu eO{ ;xof]u ug]{

&= sfo{of]hgfcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;dotflnsf tkl;n cg';f/ k|:t't x'g' kg]{5 . k/fdz{bftfn] o;} tflnsf adf]lhd cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{dfsf] k|fljlws, ;xlhs/0f / clen]vgsf] sfo{ ug'{ kg]{5 . qm ;+=

k|d'v lqmofsnfkx?;do tflnsf -dlxgf / xKtf_

dlxgf ! dlxgf @ dlxgf # dlxgf $1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 of]hgf tof/L uf]i7L2 lhNnf j:t'ut ljj/0f tyf >f]t gSzf tof/L3 k/fdz{ uf]i7L4 lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff th'{df sfo{zfnf5 ljifout of]hgf th'{df sfo{zfnf uf]i7L6 ljifout of]hgf d:of}bf tof/L 7 of]hgf th'{df clGtd sfo{zfnf uf]i7L 8 cflhljof] b:tfj]h tof/L

gf]6M cflhljof] th'{df ;DaGwL lj:t[t l:js[t sfo{of]hgf sfo{ljj/0fsf] cg';"rL ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . *= of]hgf b:tfj]h, cg'udg tyf k|ltj]bg cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sfo{sf] k|d'v lhDd]jf/L lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . o;sf] ;fy} o; sfo{ljj/0fdf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf sfo{x?df k|fljlws ;xof]u, ;xlhs/0f, clen]vg tyf k|ltj]bg tof/L ug]{ sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L k/fdz{bftfsf] x'g]5 . of]hgf th'{df sfo{df ;xof]u, k|lqmofsf] u'0f:t/ cg'udg tyf of]hgf th'{dfsf ljleGg r/0fdf pkl:yt eO{ ;xlhs/0f ug]{ sfo{ ;+ª3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] x'g]5 . cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL k|lqmofdf ;lqmoftfk"j{s ;xeflu e} tf]lsPsf] 9fFrf, k|lqmof adf]lhd of]hgf th'{df sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] lhDd]jf/L

43

lhNnfl:yt /fhgLlts bnx?, ljifout lgsfox?, u};; tyf gful/s ;dfh, gLlt If]q tyf ;~rf/ dfWodx? / nlIft ju{ / ;d'bfosf] x'g]5 . o; k|lqmofsf] cg'udg ug]{ / dfu{bz{g ug]{ sfo{;d]t lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] x'g]5 eg] of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLsf] ;xlhs/0fdf ljifout l:ylt ljZn]if0f, ljifout of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog tyf cg'udg 9fFrf tof/ u/L k|:t't ug]]{ lhDd]jf/L ljifout sfo{ ;d"xsf] x'g]5 . of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLn] cflhljof] th'{df ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{df k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{5 . lhlj;n] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf] g]t[Tj tyf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ ug]{5 .cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h g]kfnL tyf c+u|hL efiffdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] dfu{bz{g, lhlj;, of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLsf] ;xof]udf k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 . k/fdz{bftfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf k|ltj]bg ;d]t lhlj;df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . s_ k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgM cWoog ul/Psf k|ltj]bg tyf ljj/0f, bf]>f]

>f]taf6 ;+sng ul/Psf tYofÍ, lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf, of]hgf th'{df ljlw ;lxtsf] sfo{x? ;+nUg u/L cflhljof] th'{dfsf nflu ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePsf] ldltn] ! dlxgf leq lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf @ k|lt k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

v_ :ynut k|ltj]bgM of]hgf th'{dfsf] nflu tYofÍ ;+sng, ;+efjgf, cfjZostf klxrfgsf nflu pklhNnf txdf ePsf a}7s, k/fdz{ tyf uf]i7L ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] % xKtfkl5 k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] :ynut k|ltjb]gsf] @ k|lt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

u_ d:of}bf k|ltj]bgM cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof ;DaGwL ljj/0f lgb]{zs ;ldltdf k]z u/L :ynut k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] $ xKtf kl5 d:of}bf k|ltj]bg k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] lhlj;df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

3_ clGtd k|ltj]bgM k|:t't d:of}bf k|ltj]bgdf cfjlws of]hgf th'{df lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 k|fKt ;'emfj ;+nUg u/L k/fdz{bftf ;+:yfn] % k|lt clGtd k|ltj]bg d:of}bf k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] !% lbg kl5 lhlj;df k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . d:of}bf k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ clGtd k|ltjb]g of]hgfsf] bf]>f] efusf] ?kdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 . clGtd k|ltj]bgdf 5flkPsf], ljB'tLo / 5flkPsf] >f]t gSzfsf] k|lt ;dfj]z ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

k|ltj]bgsf] tflnsf b]xfo cg';f/ x'g' kg]{5 . qm=;+=

k|ltj]bg ;dofjlw s}lkmot

!= k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg

;Demf}Tff x:tfIf/ ePsf] ! dlxgf kl5

@ k|lt

@=

:ynut k|ltj]bg

k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] % xKtf kl5

@ k|lt

#= d:of}bf k| :ynut k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] @ k|lt44

ltj]bg $ xKtfkl5$= clGtd k|

ltj]bgd:of}bf k|ltj]bg a'emfPsf] !% lbg kl5

% k|lt -xf8{ skL, ljB'tLo / ;|f]t gSzf_

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]hsf] 9fFrf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 tof/ ul/Psf] cfjlws of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf @)^^ t[lto ;+:s/0fdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd klxnf] efu ! df lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tyf ljZn]if0f / efu @ df cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf ;dfa]z ug'{ kg]{5 . cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ubf{ :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g tyf tt\ ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL lgb]{lzsf, /fli6«o of]hgfx?, ljifo If]qut /fli6«o tyf lhNnf:t/Lo u'?of]hgf, ut cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h, dWofjwL tyf clGtd ;dLIff k|ltj]bgx?df l;sfO{ tyf ;'emfjx? ;+nUg ug'{ kg]{5 . o; sfo{ cGtu{t ljleGg r/0f / k|lqmofdf s]lGb|o tyf lhNnf:t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnf / nlIft ju{ tyf If]qsf] ;d]t ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt x'g cfjZos 5 . o;sf cnfjf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfdf k|:t't lhNnf ljsf;sf] nIo / k|fyldstfx? /fli6«o nIo tyf p2]Zo tkm{ pGd'v x'g' kg]{5 . (= e'QmfgLsf] tflnsfcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{df k|fljlws k/fdz{ sfo{sf nflu k/fdz{bftfnfO{ k/fdz{ z'Ns jfktsf] /sd e'QmfgL tflnsf b]xfo cg';f/ x'g]5 .

k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k]z eP kZrftM s"n /sdsf] @)Ü :ynut k|ltjb]g k]z eP kZrftM s"n /sdsf] #)Ü d:of}bf k|ltj]bg k]z eP kZrftM s"n /sdsf] #)Ü clGtd k|ltj]bg k]z eO{ l:js[t eP kZrftM s"n /sdsf] @)Ü

!)= k/fdz{ z'Ns /sdcfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf k|fljlws k/fdz{ ;]jfsf] nflu l:js[t /sd ?=@),#$,))).– /x]sf] 5 . o; /sddf k/fdz{ ;+:yfsf k|||:tfljt lj1x?sf] kf/L>lds, lj1x?sf] e|d0f tyf a;f]af; vr{, jfXo tyf :yfgLo oftfoft vr{, k|ltj]bg tyf 5kfO{, ;+:yfut lz/f]ef/, Eof6 /sd ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . of]hgf th'{dfsf] qmddf x'g] j}7s, k/fdz{, sfo{zfnf uf]i7L jfkt nfUg] :6]zg/L, lrof, vfhf, vfgf, afF;, e|d0f tyf j}7s eQf lhlj; cfkm}n] vr{ ug]{5 .

45

cg';"rL !M cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{tflnsf

of]hgfsf r/0fx? ultljlwx? hjfkmb]xL ;

+oGq k|lqmof;do -dlxgf glthfx?! @# $

!= k"j{ tof/L tyf ;xdlt lgdf{0f

!=! lhlj; / k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnf aLr a}7s, 5nkmn, ;xdlt tyf >f]tsf] vf]hL

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt j}7s, 5nkmn / lg0f{o

cflhljof] th'{dfsf

nflu ;xdtL eO{ ;xof]u ;+oGq, sfo{of]hg

f / lhDd]jf/L th'{df /

cled'vls/0f

eO{ sfo{ k|f/De ePsf] x'g]5

!=@ of]hgf tof/L tyf k/fdz{ sfo{zfnf

cflhljof] th'{df ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f

;do tflnsf lgdf{0f tyf :jLslt ;xof]u ;+oGq u7g / lhDd]jf/L

lgwf{/0f pknAw tyf ck'u tYofÍ klxrfg

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ;+3Lo dfldnf

tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo

k|:t'tL, ;d"xut / k"0f{ ;qdf 5nkmn

!=# b:tfj]h cWoog tyf k'g/fjnf]sg

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt tyf k/fdz{bftf

b:tfj]h ;+sng / 8]S; cWoog

@= tYofÍ ;+sng / ljZn]if0f tyf k/fdz{

@=! tYofÍ ;+sng kmf/fd tyf ;"rL tof/L / cle'vLs/0f

ljifout sfo{;d"x, lhlj; / k/fdz{bftf

8]:s cWoog, kmf/fd tof/L / cled'vLs/0f

lhNnf j:t'l:ylt

lrq0f tyf ljj/0f

b:tfj]h tof/L ePsf] x'g]5

@=@ ;/f]sf/jfnf, ljifout sfo{;d"xjf6 j:t'ut ljj/0fsf] nflu tYofÍ ;+sng

;+alGwt lgsfo / ;+3÷ ;+:yfx?

;"rL, clen]v cWoog ljj/0f tof/L

@=# ;/f]sf/jfnfaf6 tYofÍ ljZn]if0f tyf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f

lhNnf ljsf; ultjlw / pknAwL

lhlj;, ljifout lgsfo ;+3÷;+:yf, ljifout

k|ltj]bg, gSzfs+g / 5nkmn

46



ljZn]if0f ljj/0f tof/L >f]t gSzfÍg ;+efjgf tyf cj;/ klxrfg d'Vo ;d:of÷;jfn klxrfg

sfo{ ;d"x / of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

@=$ k/fdz{ uf]i7L tyf nlIft ;d"x 5nkmn

afn;+hfn, o'jf, Ho]i7 gful/s tyf ckfËtf ePsf JolQm,

lk5l8Psf] tyf l;dfGts[t hftL, ju{ / ;d'bfo

cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo / kIf pklhNnf÷If]q÷Onfsf:t/df

uflj;, gkf tyf ;DalGwt kIf;Fu k/fdz{ uf]i7L

lhlj;, lgb]{zs ;ldlt tyf of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

k/fdz{, 5nkmn / k|:t'lt

@=% lhNnfsf] j:t'ut ljj/0f k|:t'lt, 5nkmn / k|df0fLs/0f

lgb]{zs ;ldlt, ljifout sfo{;d"x / of]hgf 6f]nL

k|:t'tL, 5nkmn tyf k|df0fLs/0f

@=^ lhNnf j:t'l:ylt lrq0f tyf ljj/0f tof/L

ljifout sfo{;d"x / of]hgf 6f]nL

j:t'ut ljj/0f / tyf >f]t gSzf tof/L

$= of]hgf th'{df

#=! ljifout sfo{bn tyf of]hgf th'{df 6f]nLnfO{ ts{j4 9fFrf -;f]r tflnsf_ tyf glthfd"ns of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f

;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno

cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg, 5nkmn, cEof; tyf k|:t'tL

lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff

Pj+ ljifout of]hgf th'{df / #=@ lhNnf ljsf; d:of}bf lhlj;, lgb] ;xeflutfd"ns

47



cjwf/0ff tof/L lhNnfsf] ;dli6ut ;+efjgf,

cj;/, ;d:of / r"gf}lt ljZn]if0f lhNnf ljsf;sf] bL3{sflng ;f]r,

lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyf /0fgLlt lgwf{/0f

lhNnf ljsf;sf ljifout k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f

{zs ;ldlt, ljifout sfo{;d"x tyf of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

sfo{zfnf, ;d"x tyf j[xt ;d"x 5nkmn

cflhljof] PsLs[t

9fFrf tof/ ePsf]

x'g]5 .

#=# ljifout of]hgf th'{df ljifout ?kdf cj;/ / ;+efjgf

klxrfg ljifout?kdf ;jfn / ;d:of klxrfg ;/f]sf/jfnf gSzfÍg / e"ldsf

ljZn]if0f ljQLo >f]t tyf k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f ljifout p2]Zo, pknAwL / ;

+rfng /0fgLlt -sfo{gLlt_ th'{df

ljifout ;f]r tflnsf th'{df

lgb]{zs ;ldlt, ljifout sfo{;d"x tyf of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

;xeflutfd"ns sfo{zfnf, ;d"x tyf j[xt ;d"x 5nkmn

#=$ PsLs[t ts{j4 9fFrf -nIo, p2]Zo, k|d'v pknAwL / sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf_ th'{df

lgb]{zs ;ldlt / of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

;xeflutfd"ns sfo{zfnf, ;d"x tyf j[xt ;d"x 5nkmn

$= sfof{Gjog,

$=! ljifout sfof{Gjog / nufgL of]hgf th'{df ljifout sfo{qmd÷cfof]hgf /

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt ljifout sfo{;d"x tyf of]hgf

;xeflutfd"ns sfo{zfnf, ;fgf] ;d"x tyf

ljifout of]hgfsf] d:of}bf

48



nufgL tyf cg'udg / d"NofÍg of]hgf th'{df

ah]6 th'{df ljifout ?kdf ah]6sf] >f]t /

;/f]sf/jfnfsf] lhDd]jf/L lgwf{/0f

gk'u >f]t klxrfg / kl/rfng /0fgLlt lgwf{/0f

th'{df 6f]nL a[xt ;d"x 5nkmn

tof/ ePsf] x'g]5

$=@ glthfdf cfwfl/t cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg vfFsf th'{df

lgb]{zs ;ldlt, ljifout sfo{;d"x tyf of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

;xeflutfd"ns sfo{zfnf, k|:t'lt tyf 5nkmn, ;d"xut tyf a[xt ;d"x 5nkmn

^= cfljljof]sf] b:tfj]h tof/L / :jLs[lt

^=! cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf b:tfj]h tof/L

ljifout sfo{ ;d"x, of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

clen]vg, k|:t'tL / 5nkmn,

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgfsf] b:tfj]h

tof/ eO{ :jLs[t

ePsf] x'g]5 .

^=@ ;DalGwt lgsfodf b:tfj]h k]z, /fo÷;'emfj ;+sng tyf ;dfof]hg

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

k]z, /fo tyf ;'emfj ;+sng / ;dfof]hg

^=# s]Gb|:t/df k/fdz{ / l8;]ldg]zg uf]i7L

lhlj;, lgb]{zs ;ldlt, of]hgf th'{df 6f]nL

k|:t'tL, 5nkmn / k|ltj4tf

^=$ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf :jLs[lt

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt lhNnf kl/ifbdf k]z / :jLs[tL

^=% of]hgf b:tfj]h k|sfzg tyf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt k|sfzg / ljt/0f

49



ljt/0f

50

cg';"rL @M lgb]{zg ;ldlt tyf ljifout sfo{;d"xsf] sfo{ ljj/0f

cfjlws of]hgf th'{df k|lqmof tyf sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt 9+un] cufl8 a9fpg] sfo{df lhNnfl:yt ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx? aLr ;Dks{ tyf ;dGjo u/L ;xof]u clea[l4 tyf kl/rfng ug{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efkltsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lgDgfg';f/ k|ltlglwTj /xg] Pp6f lgb]{zs ;ldlt u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .

lhlj; ;efklt jf xfn :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L – ;+of]hs lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no clws[t k|ltlglw –

;b:o ljifout sfo{bnsf] ;+of]hsx? –

;b:o pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3sf] k|ltlglw –

;b:o u};; k|ltlglw – ;b:o k|d'v, lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no – ;b:o k|d'v, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no –

;b:o k|d'v, lhNnf k|fljlws sfof{no –

;b:o k|d'v, lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no –

;b:o dlxnf ljsf; clws[t – ;b:o gful/s ;dfh ;+hfn ;+of]hs –

;b:o cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 cWoIf – ;b:o kqsf/ dxf;+3 cWoIf – ;b:o pkfWoIf, lhNnf dlxnf ;dGjo ;dGjo ;ldlt –

;b:o pkfWoIf, blnt ju{ pTyfg lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt –

;b:o pkfWoIf, cflbjf;L hghflt lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt –

;b:o k|ltlglw, Ufflj; /fli6«o dxf;+3 –

;b:o ;fd'bflos jg pkef]Qmf dxf;+3 cWoIf÷k|ltlglw –

;b:o

51

cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;~hfn cWoIf÷k|ltlglw –;b:o

lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] tf]s]sf] clws[t k|ltlglw –;b:o ;lrj

lgb]{zs ;ldltsf] sfo{ ljj/0f

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df k|lqmofdf ;fem]bf/x? sfo{ tyf lhDd]jf/L af/] ;xdtL / hfgsf/L ug]{

lhNnf ljsf;sf] cjwf/0ff kqsf] ljsf; ug]{ lhNnf:t/Lo ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L tyf gLlh If]q aLr ;dGjo ug]

{ cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf] k|ult ;dLIff u/L b]lvPsf

;d:of ;dfwfg u/L sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf nflu ljleGg dGqfno,

/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, lhlj; dxf;+3 tyf ljsf; ;fem]bf/ aLr ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{

lhNnfl:yt /fli6«o dfGotf k|fKt bnx?, gLlh If]q tyf :yfgLo a'l4hLljx?;Fu cfjZos ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df ;DaGwL sfo{sf] Joj:yfksLo kIfsf] ;+of]hg ug]{

ljifout sfo{;d"x u7g tyf sfo{ ljj/0f

cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg cfjZostf cg';f/ ljleGg ljifout sfo{bn u7g ug'{ kg]{5 . sfo{bn u7g ubf{ ljifo ldNg] lgsfo tyf ;+3÷;+:yfx? Ps 7fpFdf /xg] u/L u7g ug'{ kg]{5 .

ljifuut sfo{;d"xsf] ;+/rgf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;b:o / xfn /fhgLlts bnsf] k|ltlglw – ;

+of]hs ;+of]hs g/x]sf] bnsf k|ltlglwx?

– ;b:o ljifo tyf ljifo ;d"x ldNg] ljifout sfof{no k|d'v÷k|ltlglw

– ;b:o ljifo If]q tyf ;d"x ldNg] ;+3÷;+:yf, ljsf; ;fem]bf/, gLlh Pj+ u};;

k|ltlglw – ;b:o

52

ljz]if nlIft ju{ jf ;d"xsf k|ltlglw– ;b:o

ljifout sfof{nosf k|d'v dWo] k|d'v Ps sfof{no k|d'v – ;b:o ;lrj

ljifout sfo{bnsf] sfo{ ljj/0f cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df nflu cfjZos kg]{ tYofÍ÷;"rgf ;

+sng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ kmf/fd tyf r]slni6x? tof/ ug{ k/fdz{bftfnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{

pknAw tyf gk'u tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf klxrfg ug]{ tof/ kmf/fd tyf r]slni6x? ljt/0f u/L ;+alGwt ljifout sfof{no, ;

+3÷;+:yf / lgsfo;Fu cg'/f]w u/L ;+sng ug]{ ;+slnt tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf lhlj;df e08f/0f u/L k/fdz{bftfsf] ;xof]udf

ljZn]if0f ug]{ ut % jif{sf] ljifo If]qut cfof]hgf, sfo{qmd tyf ah]6sf] ljj/0f ;

+sng u/L ljQLo k|jfxsf] l:ylt kQf nufpg] k/fdz{bftfsf] ljz]if1 ;xof]udf pknAw tYofÍ tyf ;"rgf ljZn]if0f

u/L ;DalGwt ljifo If]qsf] j:t'l:ylt tyf j:t'ut ljj/0f tof/ ug]{ ljifout sfo{bnsf] sfo{ljj/0f tyf sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L ;f] cg';f/ tYofÍ

;+sng, ljZn]if0f / of]hgf th'{df sfo{ cuf8L a9fpg] ;do ;dodf sfo{bnsf] sfdsf] k|ult ljj/0f lgb]{zs ;ldlt tyf lhlj; /

k/fdz{bftf ;dIf k|:t't tyf pknAw u/fpg] cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ lhDd]jf/L tyf

cfjZostf cg';f/ ;xof]u ug]{

53

cg;"rL –#M vl/b sf/jfxLdf efu lng of]Uo ePsf] eGg] k|:tfjbftfsf] 3f]if0ff–kq

:yfoL 7]ufgf ================== c~rn ==================== lhNnf ================== uflj;÷g=kf eO{ xfn ================== c~rn ================== lhNnf ===================== uflj;÷g=kf= j:g] >L ===================== sf] gftL >L ===============================sf] 5f]/f jif{ ========== sf] lgdf{0f Joj;foL÷k/fdz{bftf kmd{ >L ================================== sf] k|f]kfO{6/÷Joj:yfks÷d'Vo JolQmn] cfhsf lbg;Dd ;fj{hlgs vl/b P]g, @)^# tyf :yfgLo lgsfo cfly{s k|zf;g lgodfjnL, @)^$ cg';f/ k|:tfljt vl/b sf/jfxLdf cfˆgf] s'g} :jfy{ gjflemPsf] / vl/b sf/jfxL÷k]zf ;DjGwL s;'/df cfkm'n] ;hfo gkfPsf] l7s ;fFrf] xf] kl5;Dd km/s kb}{g elg of] 3f]if0ff–kq k]z u/]sf] 5' .

kmd{sf] gfd–

7]ufgf–

k|f]kfO{6/÷Joj:yfkssf] gfd÷y/–

cflwsf/Ls JolQmsf] x:tfIf/–

kmd{sf] 5fk–

54

Date post:	17-Jan-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times