WARS OF THE 20TH

CENTURY

CASE STUDY #2: WWI

WWI and WWII IZ TOTAL WARs YoA) WWI AND WWII ARE TOTAL WARS: HOW SO? Obviously the WHOLE WORLD was involved, not just 1 or 2 countries- Germany, Italy, Japan, Ottoman Empire, France and England etc.- Russia, Austro-HUngarina Empire, Ottoman Empire,- America!!!

B) The DRAFT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - WWI: 24 million registered and 3,000,000 were sent to war - WWII: 49 million were registered and 10,000,000 sent

NOT FUN FACT: for the 2016 Presidential Election 15 million teenagers turned 18 but only……..5 million registered to vote. And now they’re complaining. Loozers!

C) A war that used ALL of a country’s Military aspects!!!!!!!!!!!!! (tanks, airplanes, flamethrowers. We even used chemical gas like chlorine and mustard gas)

D) A war that used ALL of a country’s Political aspects!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - Not just the Draft- Woodrow Wilson made it ILLEGAL TO criticize the draft:

1. Telling someone not to go with the draft got you 10 years.

E) A war that used ALL of a country’s Economic aspects!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - Coca Cola started making bullets- General Motors stared making tanks. - People at the movies were encouraged to buy War Bonds

F) A war that used ALL of a country’s Social aspects!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - Women replaced men in the workforce - 2,000,000 women replaced men - Men cancelled baseball and were replaced by women

G) Territory change was a MAJOR aim of the campaign. - No more Ottoman Empire after WWI (replaced by Turkey)- No more Austro-Hungarian Empire after WWI (Romania, Austria, Hungary,

Yugoslavia, Albania, Czechoslovakia etc.)- Countries like Germany wanted ‘Total Victory’ not just some small piece of land- Europe draws STUPID #$% lines in the Middle East AND Africa!!!!!!!!!!

H) Civilians were shot and killed : - WWI killed about 20,000,000 civilians, women and children- WWII: 50,000,0000 civilians killed (Disease, famine, bullets)

*My grandmother lost 4 sisters to the Nazis when they entered the Ukraine and my grandfather, Roman the original, lost a leg fighting in Germany. He was also jailed for punching a Lieutenant who accused him of losing his leg on purpose to get government benefits.

Previous wars had these weird ‘rules of war’ where Officers wouldn’t get killed and civilians like women and children DEFINITELY didn’t get killed. All that is thrown out with WWI and WWII. World War 2 costs this planet 80,000,000 people!!!!!!!!!!!!!

WORLD WAR ONE Started in 1914 Ended in 1917

BAD GUYS: THE CENTRAL POWERS1. Austro-Hungarian Empire

2. Germany3. Italy (then they switched sides)

4. The Ottoman Empire-today Turkey

GOOD GUYS: THE TRIPLE ENTENTEFRANCE RUSSIA

THE U.S. (Eventually!)

CONSEQUENCES1. The Great Depression

2. The Treaty of Versailles3. The League of Nations

4. Women get the right to vote in 19205. Russia becomes the Soviet Union in 1917 with Vladimir Lenin

*The Ottoman Empire becomes Turkey and Mr. Shtrakhman visits in September.** The Austro-Hungarian Empire splits into ALL the countries of Eastern Europe u see today. The capital of Hungary, Budapesht, is the MOST beautiful.

KEY VOCABULARY TERMSTRENCH WARFARE: Soldiers dig trenches and stay there for weeks. If an army moved ten feet in a day it was considered a huge success.

**This is also why WWI didn’t go anywhere for YEARS. No army could move.

Conditions were so bad soldiers had to use urine to lubricate their guns because water was so scarce. And don’t get me started about the lice! Go comb your hair! THE WESTERN FRONT: 300 MILES OF TRENCHES FROM SCANDINAVIA TO SWITZERLAND. This was basically all in France and why in France WWI is a MUCH bigger deal then here in America. Actually, France lost 100,000’s of acres of good farmland.

Fun Fact: The oldest WWI veteran died last year. He was 108 years old and he died a pacifist who saw the horrors of war and wished for men to NEVER repeat them. But alas, HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF!

CAUSES: M.A.I.N. (UR KEY TO A ‘4’)

1. MILITARISM2. ALLIANCES

3. IMPERIALISM (Africa) 4. NATIONALISM

*And then of course, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which was the ‘spark that lit the powder keg’

**I don’t know what you learned in APUSH but this will help you pass the test.

#1: M.A.I.N: MILITARISM : MEANS ‘ARMS RACE’

Europe was in the middle of a HUGE ARMS RACE from the 1800’s -1900’s. England used to be the strongest country in Europe, but now Germany was #1 (uh-oh).

- Between 1870-1914 arms spending in all of Europe rose 300%!!!!!!- England also had the best navy in the word for 300 years. (That’s why they got the

13 colonies - Ze Germans then invent the U-Boat, however, and turn the tides.

THE U-BOAT(Unterseeboot: German for…you get it.)

HERE’S ME VISTING A U-BOAT IN THE CHICAGO ‘Museum of Science and Industry’

They had to sleep 90 guys in 2 rooms. 2 to the same bed in shifts, and lots of BED BUGS!!! Some slept in the same rooms as the missiles. The missiles were super-advanced. Depth gauges, pendulums for balance etc.

England responds to the U-Boat threat by building The Dreadnought

The DREADNOUGHT was the very first BATTLESHIP. In some places its steel was 11” THICK!

Heavy gunned: 12’’ 190 caliber weapons. That means its bullets were 9 INCLES LONG!! Could fire 4000 yards. That’s 40 FOOTBALL FIELDS!! Germany responds by building 17 ships in 7 years to meet the British navy head on. England then builds 18 more in 1909

THE NAVAL RACE IS IN FULL SWING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!WHAT ABOUT LAND-BASED WEAPONS

A. ZE GERMANS THEN INVENT ‘BIG BERTHA’ :A land based mortar rocket that could hurl a 4000 pound 1 ½ foot projectile almost 10 miles!!!!!!!!!! **That’s like tossing Alina Corral or Erika Joa or all the way to Sawgrass!!

** This is the gun they use in Sherlock Holmes 2 with Robert Downey Jr.

B. The Germans make the best machine gun on the planet, capable of firing two bullets per second! (The US now has a gun that can fire 1 MILLION ROUNDS PER MINUTE. How many is that per second math illiterates?)

Fun Fact: So many bullets grazed Hitler during WWI that he thought god must be on his side. Obviously!

C. The Flamethrower!

D. The Zeppelin. The problem is that it dropped bombs indiscriminately. That is, on CIVILIAN populations.

**P.S. Led Zeppelin is the best rock band ever followed by ‘Alice in Chains’. This will be on ur test!

E. THE TANK!

Actually, tanks were not as effective as people thought they were gonna be)A. They were vulnerable to artilleryB. They were slow and broke down a lotC. The conditions inside were awful, regularly choking the drivers to death!

AIRPLANES (If ur good we’ll watch scenes from ‘Flyboys’ and ‘Pearl Harbour’.

Probably not!

Fokker Eindecker - Single-seat German fighter plane. ... Siemens-Schuckert - Single-seat German fighter plane. Sopwith Camel - Single-seat British fighter plane. Gotha G V - Long range German bomber.

1. Maybe 140 miles per hour

2. Machine guns with gunners3. One British plane shot down 1294 German planes

G. CHEMICAL WARFARE

WWI used TEAR GAS, MUSTARD GAS, CHLORINE CLOUDS AND PHOSGENE

Mustard gas and Chlorine are especially nasty chemicals.

A) Mustard Gas: First, red spots would form on your skin. Then they would turn into painful blisters. Eventually these blisters would block your airway and slowly suffocate you. And if civilians like women or children got in the way well, too bad!

B) Chlorine: Chlorine would come as a huge green cloud. If you came into contact with it your lungs would fill with hydrochloric acid.

Several problems with the use of chemical warfare:1. If the wind changes you wind up gassing yourself. Nice!2. The gas doesn’t really go anywhere for a while so what are you gonna do with the area you just took over.3. Eventually WWI scientists invent and issue GAS MASKS.

Technically the use of Chemical Warfare violate 2 treaties:1. The 1899 Hague Declaration Concerning Asphyxiating Gases and 2. The 1907 Hague Convention on Land Warfare, which prohibited the use of "poison or poisoned weapons" in warfare. De Hague is a city in Holland.

M.A.I.N: ‘A’: ALLIANCES EVERY COUNTRY HAD AN ALLIANCE WITH OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

A. GERMANY FORMED AN ALLIANCE WITH THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE (IN AUSTRIA THEY SPEAK GERMAN BUT DRINK AUSTRIAN BEER)B. FRANCE SIGNED AN ALLIANCE WITH RUSSIAC. ENGLAND WAS FRIENDS WITH FRANCE (OBVIOUSLY)D. AND GERMANY WAS FRIENDS WITH ITALYE. AMERICA IS NEUTRAL. FOR NOW………

When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is shot in the head

The dominoes start falling Ze Germans declare war on Russia France declares war on Germany England is friends with France

Boom! We get WWI

Germany’s WHOLE WWI strategy was based on something called the Schlieffen Plan, named after Count Alfred Von Schlieffen (related to Count Dracula). It stated that if Germany could defeat France in a week it could then turn its attention to Russia since it would take Russia MONTHS to get ready (being the drunk and primitive country that they were). It wanted, most of all, to avoid a 2-FRONT WAR. The same ting Hitler got himself into when he invaded Russia and the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor.

The Schlieffen Plan was wrong for 2 reasons:1. You CANT defeat France in a week (though Hitler later did). 2. Trench Warfare during WWI made a QUICK VICTORY IMPOSSIBLE!!!!

MAIN: ‘I’: IMPERIALISMIN THE 1800’S AND 1900’S EVERY COUNTRY IN EUROPE IS TRYING TO TAKE OVER

AFRICA AND GET HER NATURAL RESOURCES.

Africa has the following NATURAL RESOURCES:1. Gold

2. Diamonds3. Platinum

4. Oil

5. Salt in the Sahara6. Palm Oil

7. Ivory from elephants8. Guano: bat crap (good for fuel or to put on your cereal.)

9. Slavery is illegal at this point (The US Civil War was 1860-1865)

Europe split Africa up like a pie during THE BERLIN CONFERENCE OF 1884 I mean, they all got together and just AGREED how to divide up the whole continent “YOU GET THIS PART FRANCE, AND I’LL TAKE THIS PART GERMANY, IS THAT COOL WITH YOU ITALY?!” In this way, Europe tried to avoid WAR!!!!!!!!!!!!

HERE IS A MAP OF WHO OWNED WHAT:

M.A.I.N: ‘N’: NATIONALISMNATIONALISM: THE LOVE OF YOUR COUNTRY MORE THAN ANYONE ELSE’S.

RUSSIA HATES THE AUSTRO- HUNGARIAN EMPIRE If u look at a map of the Austro-Hungarian Empire you can see that it includes a lot of different people who are really SLAVS and who don’t consider themselves Austrian or Hungarian:1. Ukranians ------- The Romanians-----------The Czechoslovakians

The Serbs---- The Croats (I also visited Croatia in September)---Polish people

Guess what, these are SLAVIC PEOPLES, who are Eastern Orthodox Christian and not Catholic and who love Russia more than anyone else. That means the Russian will constantly looking for ways to free them, and they will always be looking at ways to get free. Most of their languages are SIMILAR to Russian. I can understand some bot not really speak any.

And then, the guy who assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire is a Serbian Nationalist who wants Serbian independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and Russia has his back. He is Serbian and Russia LOVES him. After the assassination, the Austro-Hungarian Empire starts bombing Serbia. This is a big NO-NO!

M.A.I.N: AMuRhIKA

Ya know, America DOES NOT get involved in WWI or WWII until really bad things happen. We had a really nasty ISOLATIONIST streak running through us and DID NOT want to get involved in Europe’s affairs. Of course, this was arguably very short sighted, especially as far as HITLER was concerned. I man, if we would have waited till he defeated London, then all of Europe would have been Nazi and then we would have had a BIGGER problem.

WWI is below and of course we didn’t get into WWII until Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7th, 1941.

America does not get into WWI until the Germans do 2 stupid things:1. Sink a ship called the USS Lusitania with about 1000 US civilians on it.2. Send a telegram to Mexico promising the Mexicans California, Arizona and New Mexico if they help the Germans get rid of us. We intercept this ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAM and it, uh, upsets us!

When the Japanese were STUPID enough to bomb Pearl Harbor during WWII, a Japanese Admiral famously said “All we have done is awoken a sleeping giant!” Same thing here!

****The Lusitania:The Lusitania was a passenger ship heading for England with about 1000 US citizens on board for a trip to jolly old England.

Ze Germans argued that it was a ship actually carrying weapons headed for England, and this was effectively an act of war on the part of the United States. But Woodrow Wilson argued it was a leisurely passenger vessel and nothing more.

When it was 1 hour away from England’s shores Germany sunk it with a U-Boat. It was all the reason Wilson needed for WAR!!!

Guess what: In 2014, we discovered it actually DID have weapons bound for the UK, down below. Doesn’t matter now, does it??!!

TOTAL WAR: POOR OL’ CIVILIANS R TARGETED

1. The Lusitania attack targeted civilians.2. Chlorine and Mustard gas targeted civilians3. The Zeppelin targeted civilians4. The British Blockade: It’s true that German U-Boats patrolled the waters around Great Britain. But England’s Navy was the largest and best equipped. Well, Germany got a lot of its food and supplies from ships all around the world. England decided to blockade them. The problems with this strategy is that if you’re not letting food in you’re not just starving the troops, you’re starving the women and children too!!!

The German Board of Public Health in December 1918 claimed that 763,000 German civilians died from starvation and disease caused by the blockade

In fact, out all the casualties of WWI (40 million), over 25% were women, children and other civilians.

CONSEQUENCES1. The Great Depression and The Treaty of Versailles2. The League of Nations

3. Women get the right to vote in 19204. Russia becomes the Soviet Union in 1917 with Vladimir Lenin5. The Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire die and we

get the individual countries of eastern Europe and the Middle East

** This is ALSO when Europe starts making the STUPID lines of the Middle East completely IGNORING the SUNNI/SHIA split and tribal allegiances. I’m just sayin!

1. GREAT DEPRESSION- Obvious The Great Depression AND the Treaty of Versailles work TOGETHER to allow Hitler to

take over. That’s because a country in poverty is a country in DANGER. This is also why we rebuild Japan and Germany after WWII. We have also tried rebuilding

Afghanistan but……

2. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLE (ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WERE CONDITIONS OF THE TREATY WHICH PUNISHED

GERMANY A LOT MORE THAN OTHER COUNTRIES)

The thing about the Treaty of Versailles is that it blamed Germany for EVERYTHING. It contained what was known as the War Guilt Clause, which made ze Germans do the following:1. Made Germany pay 6600 million dollars (That’s 6.6 billion dollars math nerds!) This PLUS the Great Depression=HITLER

2. Germany would also no longer be allowed to have the following; submarines, an Air-Force, armoured cars, or tanks.3. Also, they could only keep 100,000 soldiers TOTAL!

4. We take all of Germany’s African and East Asian colonies away (Awww!) No more strudel for: Ghana and Togo, Cameroon, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania, and Namibia.

5. Germany loses a piece of itself to Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland. ***The problem is that most of the people who live in the SUDETENLAND speak German, not Czech. Germany will want it back during WWII. Then they will simply TAKE the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939! This will be the 1st step of WWII

6. After WWI Germany was also ordered to immediately disarm the area between Germany and France, known as the RHINELAND.

It will be this RHINELAND that Germany will bring troops into in defiance of the League of Nations and the rest of Europe. This will be the2nd t step of WWII!

Then they attack Austria (that’s when my Grandfather escaped from Vienna, in 1939)

Chamberlain will LET HIM. (Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister B4 Churchill). This is known as appeasement.

When Hitler takes Poland that’s when the world knows they have a madman on their hands. But 1st came Czechoslovakia, then came Austria, and FINALLY came Poland. The poor Poles!

** You must understand HOW the Treaty of Versailles sets up the FOUNDATION for WWII, and its NOT just $$$$$$$!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

CONSEQUENCES #3THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS by Woodrow Wilson

The League of Nations was a BEAUTIFUL idea. It was based on the notion that attacking one country would bring all the other countries of the world in its defense. Woodrow Wilson DID NOT want another World War. Well, we all know how THAT worked out.

The problem is that the League of Nations had no global army, no way of MAKING SURE that member states would actually help one another. This lack of an enforcement system made it basically meaningless.

And in the 1930’s guess what, Germany, Italy and Japan just went ahead and LEFT the League. In this way, the League was a FAILURE.

Today, the UN has an ARMY, a NAVY and an AIR FORCE. They all wear funny blue hats and the US pays 25% of their budget….cuz we are “POLICEMAN ___ ____ _______!”

Other relevant consequences of the warBritain lost an entire generation of young men (41,000 lost a limb) and were completely broke. France was broke too. In fact, both of them had borrowed over $2 billion from the U.S. And in those days, that was a lot of money.

Of course, all this borrowing is one of the causes of the Great Depression.

- France lost 2 million hectares of farmland to the Western Front. That’s 5,000,000 acres of agricultural land. Today, there is a MASSIVE grave in France full of crosses where the Western Front and all theta trench warfare was.

Of course we know what happens with Russia!: Russia is suffering SO MUCH from WWI that Lenin sees his chance. He pulls Russia out of the war and then proclaims the Soviet Union. Don’t 4Get that England and America have HATED Russia ever since 1917.

Also, the Ottoman Empire chose BADLY and turned into TurkeyToday, Turkey is the ONLY real democracy in the Middle East and only country that separates CHURCH/STATE. In their constitution it states that “Turkey can NEVER be a completely Muslim country”. There MUST be Freedom of Religion and the Right to vote!

When the Empire collapses at the end of WWI, it breaks up into:Turkey, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria (the rest of Eastern Europe), Egypt etc.

SO WHO’S TO BLAME FOR WWI?

We all know that the Treaty of Versailles punished Germany too aggressively. Plunging a country into poverty, like in post-war Germany or even post-war Afghanistan, allows the crazeees to take over, such as Hitler or the Taliban. That’s why we rebuilt Japan after Hiroshima and Nagasaki after all.

If a country has malls and movie theatres it’s not gonna invade anyone. If the country is desperate, however…..

But there is another argument, that perhaps Germany was not wholly to blame. That WWI was EVERYBODY’S fault.

There are many trains of thought here, but I’m gonna give you THE RIGHT ONE!.............................

IT WAS GERMANY’S FAULT!! Maybe ! (U can do your own research here if u like)

Of course you can argue in the other direction, that the British Blockade was a war crime and that all of the countries are equally to blame for WWI. Just back up your claims on any IB Essay.

MAJOR SOCIAL AND LEGAL CHANGE STEMMING FROM WORLD WAR 1

A. During WWI, President Woodrow Wilson passed the ALIEN AND SEDITION ACT making it illegal to criticize the war effort. Telling someone not to go with the draft got you 10 years.

It forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt

The Draft in WWII- Pearl Harbor was on Sunday, December 7th, 1941.- By Monday morning 5,000,000 men had volunteered for the Army.- By Tuesday we had enlisted 10,000,000 more in the DRAFT, also known as CONSCRIPTION!!- The term ‘GI’ comes from ‘Government Issued’

WOMEN IN WORLD WAR 2 Employment Rate

1940: 27%1945: 37%

1 out of 4 married women worked outside the home

Particular JobsArmed Services (WAAC///Women’s Army Corps)

350,000 women joined the Army in non-combatant roles.

Aircraft Industry310,000 women workers65% of total workforce

Iron and Steel (% of total workforce)1940: 6.7%1944: 22.3%

Automobiles (% of total workforce)1940: 5.7%1944: 24.4%

Textile Mill Products (% of total workforce)1940: 43.0%1944: 51.4%

Apparel (clothing) (% of total workforce)1940: 75.2%1944: 78%

Essentially, women were not allowed in the military except as nurses, telephone operators, translators etc.

In the domestic factories, however, where the male machinists had gone off to war, women filled in the workforce.

- And of course, baseball was cancelled in 1942. Female baseball players replaced them. That’s what the movie “A League of Their Own” is all about. It stars Madonna, Rosie O’donnell and Tom Hanks.- Players like Lou Gherig and Mickey mantle had to go to Europe.

STATS- By 1945, more than 2.2 million women were working in the factories specifically concerned with war industries (Coca Cola and GM), building ships, aircraft, vehicles, and weaponry. Women also worked in factories, munitions plants and farms, and also drove trucks, provided logistic support for soldiers and entered professional areas of work that were previously the preserve of men. - In the Allied countries thousands of women enlisted as nurses serving on the front lines.

JUST THINK OF ROSIE THE RIVETER. SHE JUST DIED ON APRIL, 23RD BY THE WAY. SHE WAS 92 YEARS OLD.

OTHER SOCIAL STUFF ---TOTAL WAR1. WAR BONDS!!

This is really interesting. During the Iraq and Afghanistan wars in 2003, America NEVER really raised any $$$$. That’s why, we went into DEBT to pay 4 the war. It’s all good, though cuz y’all will be paying it

During WWII, every time u went to the movies, instead of watching STUPID cola-cola commercials, you saw a request for WAR BONDS.

If u bought a $100.00 war bond in 1941 the US Government promised you $105.00 in 1950. Today, US Treasury Bonds pay 2% interest and China has $1 Trillion worth but mostly ordinary Americans have the most US debt.

2. People planted victory gardens during WWII, and you couldn’t buy new tires cuz all the rubber went to the Army. You also couldn’t really buy an new pots and pans and any old ones you were supposed to donate to the Army

** During WWI, President Woodrow Wilson asked women to stop wearing corsets, and then all that metal was enough to build a whole BATTLESHIP.

How many of YOU wear corsets?!............................... I do!

F. People were encouraged to carpool

African-Americans in WWII

- During WWI and WWII, the United States Army was SEGREGATED. The Korean War was the 1st INTEGRATED war (Harry Truman)- 125,000 African Americans fought in WWII(Could not rise higher than Lieutenant and could only supervise black regiments)e.g. The Tuskegee Airmen, and the Harlem Hellfighters of WWI that were the MOST DECORATED REGIMENT AROUND!

Question (again): Would YOU fight in a SEGREGATED Army?

ASSIGNMENTSYOU CAN USE THIS AS A STUDY GUDIE FOR PAPER #2: WARS OF

THE 29 TH CENTURY

LONG RESPONSE QUESTIONS:A. Make sure you understand how WWI iz a Total War. Why don’t you list the FIVE most important characteristics proving that it is here:

M.A.I.N. Explain each part as your mind sees fit:1. MILITARISM:

2. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement: “Alliances were the doom of the world.”

2. How EXACTLY did NATIONALISM come into play?

3. Why is IMPERIALISM over Africa such a big deal?

4. Why did America FINALLY join.

CONSEQUENCES QUESTIONS1. How did the Treaty of Versailles punish Hitler? How did it set up WWII?

2. How did WWI actually contribute to the Great Depression?

3. How are WWI and Vladimir Lenin connected?

4. What’s the difference between the League of Nations and the UN?

5. Make sure u understand the SOCIAL EFFECTS of WWI and WWII.

THIS IS THE CONCLUSION OF PAPER #2: WARS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

(Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Desert Storm, WWI and WWII)

ALL WE HAVE LEFT IS:

PAPER #1: DBQA) Civil Rights in America

andB) Apartheid in South Africa

PAPER #3: The Cold War in Latin America!!

GO….GRAB…UR…PACKETS!!!