TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY
Webinar: Mobility As A Service ForLinking Europe (MAASiFiE)Jenni Eckhardt, VTTAki Aapaoja, VTTLasse Nykänen, VTT
MariAnne Karlsson, ChalmersJana Sochor, Chalmers30.5.2017
230.5.2017 2
Agenda
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessmentTechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
3
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
430.5.2017 4
Project information
Research programme: CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme– Mobility & ITS
Funding partners of ITS & Mobility are the National Road Administrations(NRA) of Austria, Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden,United KingdomResearch Calls are managed by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency
Project duration: 1st June 2015 – 31st May 2017Project coordinator: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.Project partners:
AustriaTech (Austria)Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
530.5.2017 5
Project background and motivation
Changes in our environment…Decreasing importance of owning acarSharing economyModal shift targets (publictransport)SustainabilitySmartphones and applicationsDigitalization and automatization
…require and enable new transport servicesNew mobility services, e.g. car sharing, ridesharing…Strong IT-support for new mobility servicesAccess to services at any time and fromanywhereReal-time informationAutomated passenger and freight services
Emergence of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) can make the use of alternativetransport modes even more attractive
630.5.2017 6
MaaS definition by MAASiFiE (2016)
“Multimodal and sustainable mobility servicesaddressing customers' transport needs by integratingplanning and payment on a one-stop-shop principle”
7730.5.2017
Project structure
830.5.2017 8
Project main contentMaaS vision, Roadmap 2025 and implementation of MaaS (WP2)MaaS state-of-the-art (WP2+3)MaaS service combinations in different geographical areas (WP3)Business and operator models (PPP & Commercial models) (WP3)
Key performance indicators (KPIs) and impact assessment (WP4)Technology for MaaS (architecture, interoperability, roaming…) (WP5)
9
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
1030.5.2017 10
MaaS operators
One-stop-shop: mobilepayment and
routing
Public andprivate parking
Localauthorities
& PTorganizer END-
USERSReal-time
travel chain
Public andregulatory
level
Transport andlogistics service
provider level
Userinterface
Mobility servicelevel
”FLEXIBLE MOBILITYMARKET”
Scheduledpublic transport
services
Telecommunication and transport infrastructure network
Private transportservices
[sharing/renting]On-Demand
public transportservices
Road/infrastructure
authoritiesand ministries
SUPPLYSIDE
3rd party MobileService Providers
Brokerservices
Serviceintegration Reselling
Logisticsservices
DEMANDSIDE
1130.5.2017 11
MaaS in different geographical areas
Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
CitiesObjectives:
Reduce the use private of cars (congestions,parking)Reduce emissions
Based on:Existing public transportExtended with rental and shared cars andbikes…
Suburban areasObjectives:
No need for a 2nd carFirst-/last-mile accessibility
Based on:Park & ride -services, on-demand transportand other services connecting suburban tocity transport services
Rural areasObjectives:
Increase efficiency and utilization rateMaintain sufficient service levelImprove accessibility
Based on:Demand-responsive transport, taxis, bussesand connections to long-haul transport, and carpoolingAdditional services: parcel deliveries, libraryservices, and food and medicine distribution…
National and international levelsObjective:
Offer easy all-in-one packagesBased on:
Long-haul transport including air trafficAdditional services: accommodation, eventtickets, activities…
1230.5.2017 12
Sonera Reissu/TeliaYlläsAround/Telia Yllästiketti
Seinäjoki/SitoTuup Whim
KutsuPlus
Fölix
City Car ClubShareIt Blox CarVedia Taxi
24RentPerille Mobility
UbiGo
VAOSMILE/BeamBeta
WienMobiLabTIM
MyCicero
HannoverMobilBayerninfo.de
QuixxitMoovit
CitymapperDB mobility services
SBB services(publibike/QuicKbike)
Radiuz TotalMobility
Citymapper
STIB+Cambio
Multinational:GoogleMaps
Moovel (Car2Go)Uber (Uber pool)BMW (Drive now)
Myway, WazeBlaBlaCar, ZipCar
SNCFTaM
MaaS andMaaSrelatedservices
13
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
1430.5.2017 14
MaaS operator models
1530.5.2017 15
Commercial MaaS models
1630.5.2017 16
Public transport operator and PPP MaaS models
1730.5.2017 17
Operator models in different geographical areas
Commercial Reseller model:Travel agenciesNational and international traveling
Commercial Integrator model:Urban and suburban areasNational/international MaaS
Public transport operator model:Mainly in cities where comprehensive public transport already exists
PPP model:Especially suitable for rural areasPublic actor’s interest to increase the efficiency of subsidized transportation
1830.5.2017 18
Service agreements
19
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
2030.5.2017 20
Impact areas (literature study)
Area (examples) Mentioned in relation to MaaSEmissions YCongestion YEfficiency YAccessibility YTravel time YTravel behaviour In terms of modal split/shareCost YSocial inclusion/exclusion YEmployment YSafety N…
2130.5.2017 21
Areas and KPIs (proposed in web survey)
Level Areas and KPIsSocietal level Citizens’ access to mobility; Congestion; Utilisation rate of
vehicles; Changes in laws and regulations; Emissions; …Business level: Private business (New) business models; Business value proposition; No of
customers; Revenue sources; Data sharing; …Business level: Public transport Data sharing; No of customers; Partnerships; (New)
business models; …Individual/user Combining different modes of transport; Modal split;
Satisfaction with transport solution; Perceived accessibilityto transport services; …
2230.5.2017 22
KPIs and impactsLevel
Individual/userlevel
Total number of trips madeModal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to ...)Combining different modes of transportAttitudes towards PT, sharing, etc.Perceived accessibility to transportTotal travel cost per individual/household
Business/
organisationallevel
Number of customerCustomer segments (men/women, young/old, ...)Collaboration/partnerships in value chainRevenues/turnoverData sharingOrganisational changes, changes in responsibilities
Societallevel
EmissionsResource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ..)Citizens accessibility to transport servicesModification of vehicle fleet (electrification, automation)Legal and policy issues
2330.5.2017 23
Analysis of case studies/pilotsLevel The case of UbiGo in Gothenburg
Individual/userlevel
KPI ImpactTotal number of trips made PositiveModal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to ...) PositiveCombining different modes of transport - -Attitudes towards PT, sharing, etc. PositivePerceived accessibility to transport PositiveTotal travel cost per individual/household Positive
Business/
organisationallevel
Number of customer (a new service) PositiveCustomer segments (men/women, young/old, ...) (men)
(elderly)Positive/Negative
Collaboration/partnerships in value chain PositiveRevenues/turnover PositiveData sharing PositiveOrganisational changes, changes in responsibilities Positive
Societallevel
Emissions PositiveResource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ..) PositiveCitizens accessibility to transport services ? -Modification of vehicle fleet (electrification, automation) None -Legal and policy issues ? ?
2430.5.2017 24
Analysis of case studies/pilotsLevel The case of SMILE in Vienna
Individual/userlevel
KPI ImpactTotal number of trips made - -Modal shift (from car to PT, to sharing, to ...) PositiveCombining different modes of transport PositiveAttitudes towards PT, sharing, etc. - -Perceived accessibility to transport - -Total travel cost per individual/household - -
Business/
organisationallevel
Number of customer PositiveCustomer segments (men/women, young/old, ...) (men) PositiveCollaboration/partnerships in value chain PositiveRevenues/turnover - -Data sharing - -Organisational changes, changes in responsibilities - -
Societallevel
Emissions ( ) PositiveResource efficiency (roads, vehicles, land use, ..) ( ) PositiveCitizens accessibility to transport services - -Modification of vehicle fleet (electrification, automation) - -Legal and policy issues - -
2530.5.2017 25
2630.5.2017 26
Implications
A broader introduction of MaaS has potential to result in overallpositive impacts – but also some negative impactsA few potential conflicts between e.g. individual and societal goalsmust be acknowledged!The business level must receive more attention!Overall, a lack of empirical evidenceA common impact assessment framework should be developed!Financial bodies should demand proper evaluations of pilots andtrials
27
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
2830.5.2017 28
MaaS System Architecture – Development process
Initial situation: MaaS ecosystem / value chain findings (Data level Service levelUser) Developing up of the MaaS architecture
MaaS Ecosystem MaaS value chain MaaS System architecture
2930.5.2017 29
Wireless Networks for MaaSMobile networks are available nearly everywhere
Coverage holes and roaming costs bring some problemsUtilizing also WLAN/WiFi hotspots, low-power long-range IoT networks,satellite, and HF radio allow communications practically anywhereanytime
Current 3G and 4G networks provide sufficient performance forcurrent MaaS services
Data rates, delays, reliability and availability are on a satisfactory level5G will bring many new possibilities for MaaS as well
Enables creating connected systems more extensivelyEnables creating more personalised and location-based servicesEnables creating data-intensive solutions
3030.5.2017 30
Roaming in MaaSA single MaaS operator will not be capable of satisfying all mobility of most of itssubscribers but will need help from othersRoaming may be across country borders, means of transports, or regions withina single countryIn principle, roaming is based only on agreements between MaaS operators andopen interfaces
3130.5.2017 31
Technical recommendations: Open data
Open and well specified interfacesData about transport schedules, transport vehicles, currentweather etc. should be made availableUnified data structures in different data sourcesUnified machine readable protocols for updating (push) andretrieving (pull), e.g. Restful (JSON), SOAP, XML, etc.,More sophisticated and optimised algorithms for route planning
3230.5.2017 32
Technical recommendations: Wireless Networks
Handle situations without wireless access coverage in userapplications and ticket reading machinesDue to high roaming costs, alternative ways to be connected(higher WIFI coverage: e.g. in-vehicles)Utilize the upcoming mobile network technology (5G)
3330.5.2017 33
Technical recommendations: Standardization
Applying road transport standards relevant for C-ITS, automation:DATEX IIData content specifications applied to Road and Public transportand related data standards to be used: DATEX II (RT), NETEX/Transmodel, SIRIDigital networks/routing applications: common digital networkgraph (links and nodes for routing) and exchanging information(e.g. based on INSPIRE)
34
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
3530.5.2017 35
Chalmers University of Technology (Sweden)
36
37
38
39
40
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
41
42
43
44
45
MaaS and MAASiFiEMaaS servicesMaaS business modelsImpact assessment
TechnologyRoadmapRolesNext steps
4630.5.2017 46
Next steps
More pilots and services benchmarking of best practices, understandingcontextual factorsEvaluation based on quantitative and qualitative data impacts of MaaS ondifferent levelsRoadmap update what is the direction of MaaSGuidance information, incentives, regulationCollaboration:
National and international: policy making, regulation, technical interoperability…Business sector, public sector, PPPP...
4730.5.2017 47
More infoDeliverables
Eckhardt, J. Aapaoja, A., Nykänen, L., Sochor, J., Karlsson, M., König, D. (2017). Deliverable2: European MaaS Roadmap 2025. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR.König, D., Eckhardt, J. Aapaoja, A., Sochor, J., Karlsson, M. (2016). Deliverable 3: Businessand operator models for MaaS. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR.Karlsson, M., Sochor, J., Aapaoja, A., Eckhardt, J., König, D. (2017). Deliverable 4: ImpactAssessment of MaaS. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR.König, D., Piri, E., Karlsson, M., Sochor, J., Heino, I. (2017). Deliverable 5: Technology forMaaS. MAASiFiE project funded by CEDR.
Journal/conference papersKönig, D., Sochor, J. & Eckhardt, J. (2016). State-of-the-art survey on stakeholders' expectations forMobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) – highlights from Europe. 11th ITS European Congress, Glasgow,Scotland, 6-9 June 2016.Sochor, J., Eckhardt, J., König, D. Karlsson, M. (2016). Future needs and visions for Mobility as aService: Insights from European workshops. 23rd ITS World Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 10–14October 2016König, D., Sochor, J., Eckhardt, J. & Böhm, M. 2016. State-of-the-art survey on stakeholders'expectations towards Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). 23rd ITS World Congress, Melbourne, Australia,10–14 October 2016.
http://www.vtt.fi/sites/maasifie
Thank you!
Questions?