L.H.O.O.Q. L.H.O.O.Q. by Marcel Duchamp by Marcel Duchamp (France; 20(France; 20thth century) century)

DADA (DADAISM) DADA (DADAISM) Anti-art Anti-art

DADA DADA ““We are a furious wind, tearing the We are a furious wind, tearing the dirty linen of clouds and prayers, dirty linen of clouds and prayers, preparing the spectacle of disaster, preparing the spectacle of disaster, fire, decomposition . . . there is a great fire, decomposition . . . there is a great negative work of destruction to be negative work of destruction to be accomplished. We must sweep and accomplished. We must sweep and clean. Affirm the cleanliness of the clean. Affirm the cleanliness of the individual after the state of madness, individual after the state of madness, aggressive complete madness of a aggressive complete madness of a world abandoned to the hands of world abandoned to the hands of bandits, who rend one another and bandits, who rend one another and destroy the centuries. Dada: abolitiondestroy the centuries. Dada: abolitionof logic . . . Dada: abolition of memoryof logic . . . Dada: abolition of memory. . . Dada: abolition of the future . . . . . . Dada: abolition of the future . . . Dada: absolute and unquestionable Dada: absolute and unquestionable faith in every god that is the immediatefaith in every god that is the immediateproduct of spontaneity . . . Dada: a product of spontaneity . . . Dada: a roaring of tense colors, and interlacing roaring of tense colors, and interlacing of opposites and all contradictions, of opposites and all contradictions, grotesques, inconsistencies. grotesques, inconsistencies.

DADA: LIFE.”—Tristan TzaraDADA: LIFE.”—Tristan Tzara

DADA DADA

““Art is not the most precious Art is not the most precious manifestation of life. Art has not the manifestation of life. Art has not the celestial and universal value that celestial and universal value that people like to attribute to it. Life is far people like to attribute to it. Life is far more interesting. Dada knows the more interesting. Dada knows the correct measure that should be given correct measure that should be given to art: with subtle, perfidious methods, to art: with subtle, perfidious methods, Dada introduces it into daily life. And Dada introduces it into daily life. And vice versa.”—Tristan Tzara vice versa.”—Tristan Tzara

DADA DADA

“ “We spoke of Dada as of a crusade to We spoke of Dada as of a crusade to win back the promised land of the win back the promised land of the Creative . . . the important thing about Creative . . . the important thing about Dada is that we despised what is Dada is that we despised what is commonly regarded as art, but put thecommonly regarded as art, but put the whole universe on the lofty throne of whole universe on the lofty throne of art. We declared that everything that art. We declared that everything that comes into being or is made by man is comes into being or is made by man is art.”--Hans (Jean) Arp art.”--Hans (Jean) Arp

DADA: Cabaret Voltaire DADA: Cabaret Voltaire

DADA DADA Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp ““Non-retinal art”: Art directed at Non-retinal art”: Art directed at the mind, not the eye.the mind, not the eye.

Even the revolutionary modern Even the revolutionary modern movements had still been involved movements had still been involved with producing “retinal” art—with producing “retinal” art—something directed primarily at something directed primarily at the eye, at pure visual pleasure, the eye, at pure visual pleasure, and Duchamp believed that even and Duchamp believed that even the leading modernists were still the leading modernists were still ““retinals” at heart.retinals” at heart.

““Whether Mr. Mutt with his own Whether Mr. Mutt with his own hands made the fountain or not hands made the fountain or not has no importance. He CHOSE it. has no importance. He CHOSE it. He took an ordinary article of life, He took an ordinary article of life, placed it so that its useful placed it so that its useful significance disappeared under a significance disappeared under a new title and point of view—henew title and point of view—hecreated a new thought for that created a new thought for that objectobject.”—Marcel Duchamp, .”—Marcel Duchamp, arguing on behalf of the arguing on behalf of the inclusion of the “Fountain” in inclusion of the “Fountain” in 1917 group show 1917 group show

Fountain Fountain by “R. Mutt” by “R. Mutt”

(Marcel Duchamp; 1917) (Marcel Duchamp; 1917)

DADA DADA Marcel DuchampMarcel Duchamp ““Readymades”: objects Readymades”: objects promoted to the status of promoted to the status of art by the choice of the art by the choice of the artist.artist.

FRIDA KAHLOFRIDA KAHLO(PAINTER, 20(PAINTER, 20THTH CENTURY) CENTURY)

DIEGO RIVERA AND FRIDA KAHLODIEGO RIVERA AND FRIDA KAHLO

DIEGO RIVERA:DIEGO RIVERA:In 1907 goes toIn 1907 goes toEurope (Spain; Europe (Spain; bursary frombursary fromthe State ofthe State ofVeracruz)Veracruz)

Angelina Beloff byAngelina Beloff byDiego Rivera, c. 1910Diego Rivera, c. 1910(his first wife)(his first wife)

1920: goes to1920: goes toItalyItaly1921: returns 1921: returns to Mexicoto Mexico

Lupe Marin Lupe Marin (Wife #2) by(Wife #2) byDiego RiveraDiego Rivera

DIEGODIEGORIVERA:RIVERA:In 1922In 1922becomesbecomesofficialofficialmember ofmember ofMexican Mexican CommunistCommunistPartyParty

DIEGO RIVERA:DIEGO RIVERA:MINISTRY OFMINISTRY OFEDUCATIONEDUCATIONMURALSMURALS

Liberation of theLiberation of thePeonPeon

““THE DIVIDING OF THE LAND”THE DIVIDING OF THE LAND”

CHAPINGO CHAPINGO CHAPELCHAPEL““Here we teachHere we teachthe exploitationthe exploitationof the earth, not of the earth, not of man”of man”

MARTYRS OFMARTYRS OF THE MEXICANTHE MEXICAN REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION (their blood (their blood nourishes thenourishes the earth, from whichearth, from which new growth, i.e., a new growth, i.e., a new order, grows)new order, grows)

BANQUET OFBANQUET OFTHE RICH byTHE RICH byDiego Rivera,Diego Rivera,at theat theMinistry of Ministry of EducationEducation

INSURRECTION (THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARMS) INSURRECTION (THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARMS) by Diego Rivera, at the Ministry of Educationby Diego Rivera, at the Ministry of Education

FRIDA KAHLO (Born 1907)FRIDA KAHLO (Born 1907)

THE BROKEN COLUMNTHE BROKEN COLUMNby Frida Kahloby Frida Kahlo(32 operations)(32 operations)

REMEMBRANCE OF AN OPEN WOUND and TREE OF HOPEREMEMBRANCE OF AN OPEN WOUND and TREE OF HOPEby Frida Kahlo by Frida Kahlo

FRIDA KAHLOFRIDA KAHLO(WIFE #3)(WIFE #3)

DIEGO RIVERA andDIEGO RIVERA andFRIDA KAHLO: In 1930FRIDA KAHLO: In 1930go to the USA (San go to the USA (San Francisco) for his firstFrancisco) for his firstAmerican commissions.American commissions.

ALLEGORY OF THE RICHESALLEGORY OF THE RICHESOF CALIFORNIA by DIEGOOF CALIFORNIA by DIEGORIVERA at the PACIFIC RIVERA at the PACIFIC STOCK EXCHANGE,STOCK EXCHANGE,SAN FRANCISCOSAN FRANCISCO

FRIDA WITH NELSONFRIDA WITH NELSON ROCKEFELLER ROCKEFELLER

DIEGO RIVERA and FRIDA KAHLO:DIEGO RIVERA and FRIDA KAHLO:New YorkNew York

““FROZENFROZENASSETS”ASSETS”

HENRY FORDHENRY FORDHOSPITAL, 1932HOSPITAL, 1932by FRIDAby FRIDAKAHLOKAHLO

““FRIDA ANDFRIDA ANDTHE ABORTION” THE ABORTION”

Snail: Snail: slowness ofslowness of miscarraigemiscarraige

Hips: herHips: her brokenbroken pelvis; pelvis; anatomicalanatomical inability toinability to have children have children

Dead fetusDead fetus

Internal organs, Internal organs, reproductive reproductive

system system

Orchid: flower Diego gave her; Orchid: flower Diego gave her; styled like uterus styled like uterus

Machine: pain Machine: pain

LENIN LENIN

ROCKEFELLER CENTER MURAL by DIEGO RIVERA ROCKEFELLER CENTER MURAL by DIEGO RIVERA

DIEGO RIVERA:DIEGO RIVERA:affair withaffair withCRISTINA KAHLO CRISTINA KAHLO

THE TWOTHE TWOFRIDASFRIDASby FRIDAby FRIDAKAHLOKAHLO

DIEGO RIVERA and DIEGO RIVERA and FRIDA KAHLO: separatedFRIDA KAHLO: separated

TROTSKY TROTSKY FRIDA FRIDA

FRIDA KAHLOFRIDA KAHLOandand

DIEGO RIVERA:DIEGO RIVERA:divorceddivorced

LEON TROTSKY:LEON TROTSKY:murdered, 1940murdered, 1940

DIEGO RIVERA:DIEGO RIVERA:flees Mexicoflees Mexico

FRIDA KAHLO AND FRIDA KAHLO AND DIEGO RIVERA: DIEGO RIVERA: MARRIAGE #2 (1940,MARRIAGE #2 (1940,in San Francisco) in San Francisco)

Frida Kahlo’s continuing medical problems:Frida Kahlo’s continuing medical problems:1940s: more unsuccesful operations, 1940s: more unsuccesful operations, increasing pain and incapacitationincreasing pain and incapacitation1951: gangrene of foot, 1951: gangrene of foot, spends most of the year in the hospital spends most of the year in the hospital 1953: leg amputated1953: leg amputated

1953: first1953: firstsolo exhibitionsolo exhibitionin Mexico in Mexico

FRIDA KAHLO, DIED 1954—took an overdose of painkillersFRIDA KAHLO, DIED 1954—took an overdose of painkillers““I hope the exit is joyful, and I hope to never come back. Frida”I hope the exit is joyful, and I hope to never come back. Frida”

THE DINNER PARTY by JUDY CHICAGOTHE DINNER PARTY by JUDY CHICAGO