Notes for the week of 12/2-12/6

Course # 0025/0015

Good morning! Today’s class will be a little different. Read the instructions carefully.

Pick up an Editing Checklist from the front desk. Look at the photograph. Imagine the employee who put this sign up. Was it a guy or a girl? Young or old? Angry or funny? What about the boss? Grumpy or stressed? Nice or mean? Why did the boss tell the employee to “Change the stupid sign”? Why did the employee decide to write this on the sign? Tell the story…what led up to this sign change? What happened when the boss found out? What did the customers say? Was it a fight? Was it just a big joke?

Be as creative as you can. Give your characters names, personalities, and descriptions using interesting adjectives and adverbs. Make sure each paragraph has no fewer than 3 sentences and no more than 5 sentences. Do not forget a catchy title! Please skip lines when writing so that your classmates will have plenty of room for editing.

When you are done, read over your paper and see if you can find your own mistakes and correct them. Next, we will trade papers and you will get to be the editor for someone else’s paper. Write your name and rough draft at the top.

Parts of SpeechA Plan to use words appropriately

What are ‘parts of speech’?• Parts of speech are the way words are identified…• They are what tell you HOW to use a word that you

don’t know in a sentence.

Here’s a few different kinds…• Noun• Verb• Adjective• Adverb

• Article• Conjunction• Preposition• Pronoun

Nouns• A noun is a word that represents a person, a place, a thing, or an idea• There are three forms of nouns:• Proper Nouns• Regular Nouns • Pronouns

Nouns• Regular nouns are things that you can touch, taste, feel, see, hear or

think about, but don’t have specific names:• Examples:• Person: boy, girl, man, woman, child, adult• Place: city, home, house, building, class, mall• Thing/object: cat, dinner, chair, toy, razor, shoes, pen• Idea: love, happiness, hunger, pain

Proper Nouns• A proper noun is the actual name of a person, place, object or idea, and have

very specific, unique names:• They usually start with a capital letter

• Person: Bob, Sally, Jenny, Tom, • Place: The White House, Harper Creek, Lakeview Mall• Object/Thing: Fluffy, Fido, Bic pen, Venus razor, Trapper Keeper, Adidas• Idea: Transcendentalism, Materialism, Marxism,

Pronouns• A pronoun is when a person or thing becomes ‘non-specific’, you

could be talking about anything, a person, place, object or thing:• Person: he, she, them, they, her, their, his, we• Place: it, there• Object, thing: that, it, those, they• Idea: it, they, that

Nouns• The thing to remember about any type of noun is that nouns are what

DO the action, they aren’t the action…• Dogs (the noun) bark• The mall (the noun) contains shops• A pen (the noun) writes

Verbs• Verbs are the action words, they are the words that represent what

nouns DO.• Run, walk, jump, dance, eat

• There are several tenses of verbs, four of which we’ll talk about:• Infinitive• Present tense• Past tense• Present/past participle

The Infinitive• The infinitive of a verb is what foreign languages use.• It has a ‘to’ in front of the action word.• Infinitive verbs are anything a person or thing can go

to DO:

• To dance • (the verb is dance…with a ‘to’ in front of the verb, it becomes the

infinitive form of the verb)• To walk• To talk• To run

Present tense verbs• Present tense verbs are verbs that you, someone, or

something are doing right now:• Eat• Run• Jump• Talk• Dance

• It’s the same verb as the infinitive, but without the ‘to’

Past Tense Verb• A past tense verb is a verb that has occurred in the

past…awhile ago.• They usually end with ‘ed’, unless the word is

irregular.• Ate (an irregular verb, we don’t say ‘I eated’)• Talked• Ran• Jumped• Danced

Participles• The present participle tense of a verb expresses action that occurs

now.• Verbs that are present participle usually end in ‘ing’:• Walking• Talking• Running• Jumping• Dancing

Participle• Participle tense is used when the action, what the

person is doing, isn’t the main event of the sentence:• A dog bit me. (this is what I’m wanting to tell my friends)• I was walking when a dog bit me. (walking is a present

participle verb because it’s the action I was taking when the event I wanted to tell about occurred.)

Present/Past Participle• The only difference between present and past

participle tense is in the helping verb that goes along with the ‘ing’ verb.• For the participle, Walking: You don’t say “I walking”• You say, “I AM walking” (this is present)• You can say, “I WAS walking” (this is past)

• ‘Am’ is the present tense, ‘was’ is the past tense, this decides the tense of the participle.

Adverbs• An Adverb is a word that describes a verb• It usually ends in ‘ly’• It usually comes AFTER the verb• (ran) Quickly• (jumped) Swiftly• (talked) Harshly• (danced) Stupendously

Adjectives• An Adjective is a word that describes a noun• It usually comes BEFORE the noun• Big (house)• Pretty (girly)• Tired (boy)• Soft (bunny)

To remember adjectives and adverbs…

• Think about the make-up of each word…• AD VERB• AD JECT ive• An ‘ad’ in a newspaper or magazine is a picture or

saying that lets the reader know the details of an object or an event.• Therefore, we know that adverbs and adjectives are

words that let the reader know the details of a specific object or event that they are in front of or behind…

Verbs and nouns• We know that verbs are words that show an action• We know that nouns are the subJECT of a sentence...

Adverbs and Adjectives• Therefore, an ADVERB is a word that advertises the action, or verb, of

a sentence:• An ADJECTIVE is a word that advertises the subject, or noun, of a

sentence

Articles• An article is a word that points out a noun:• The, a, that, those, this, an

• It usually comes before the noun:

• AN apple• THAT cat• THOSE boots• THIS door

Conjunction• A conjunction is a word that joins other words or ideas together:• And, but, then, therefore

• It usually comes when there are two or more thoughts or items

• Apples AND bananas• I’ll go to the store, THEN to the bank.

Prepositions• A preposition is a word that links a noun or subject or shows the

relationship of a noun or subject to some other word in the sentence.• It is usually anything you can do to a cloud:• Above, after, by, through, to, toward, beside, from, in, into, within, upon, etc…

Preposition• If the noun is CAT• And the verb is walk• The preposition is the word that tells the reader WHERE the cat

walked:• The cat walked ACROSS the road.

Now, put them together…• If the noun is CAT• And the verb is WALK• The adjective is FAT• The adverb is SWIFTLY• The conjunction is THE• And the preposition is ACROSS…

• What’s the sentence?

• THE FAT CAT WALKED SWIFTLY ACROSS the street.

• Now, try to identify the parts of speech from the following sentences:

Examples• They ate big Quarterpounders and large fries for lunch.• My class is talking loudly.• There are three types of fruit here, bananas, apples, and grapes.