Welcome Back!Please have a writing utensil and loose leaf paper.

1st question

•Reflect on each of the following images. What does each tell us about the Industrial Revolution? What side of the revolution is not shown in the group as a whole?

1st question

•Reflect on each of the following images. What does each tell us about the Industrial Revolution? What side of the revolution is not shown in the group as a whole?

2nd question

•In the age of Industrialism, what is driving/encouraging widespread feelings of nationalism?

Nationalism

•Nationalism is the belief in one’s own nation; the people of the same nation should band together united and a higher sense of enlightenment toward their own nation’s culture, religion, etc.

• One might ask what industrialization and nationalism have to do with one another, and the answer is simple: with new technologies and cultural improvements, the need to unify and defend one’s country becomes greater. For example, when a child acquires a toy that is semi broken and not necessarily new, the child’s motivation to play with that toy may not be great, and he or she will more than likely not mind sharing the toy with another child. But, if the parent of the child decides to fix the toy and make it shiny and new looking, the child’s motivation to play with that toy will become greater, and the chance of that child sharing his better and newer looking toy becomes less likely to happen; the child now likes his or her toy and will become possessive of it. This idea of acquiring a new and improved object runs parallel to the idea of nationalism becoming more popular due in part to industrializing one’s country. This was not the only reason that contributed to the rise of nationalism, obviously. It did, however, play a big role in the minds of the citizens of Germany and Italy.

Why does this matter? WWI

•Industrialism led to increased economic (capitalistic) competition among European nations, and with China, Japan, the United States, and the Latin American countries. The main competition was between Great Britain, the first to industrialize, and the new united Germany, who began industrializing rapidly after 1870.

Why does this matter? WWI•Nationalism is another cause of WWI. An

explosive kind of nationalism existed in the Balkans (Serbia, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Albania, Bosnia, and Herzegovina) and was based on the Slavic nationalism encouraged by Russia to bring all of the Slavic peoples under its influence. Serbia pushed for the creation of one "Slavic" state that it would dominate. Austria-Hungary was opposed to giving up territory in which Slavs lived.

Paragraph on the back of article•What examples of nationalism and

industrialism can you see in the article? •What is different about Latin America

during the same time period of industrialism/nationalism in Europe?

•Homework: Notes on pages 663-669.

Isms• Liberalism was a reaction to feudal society,

involving:focus on the individual, idea of responsible gov’t,

support for Laissez-Faire capitalism, belief in individual rights and freedoms

• Conservatism was a reaction to Liberalism, involving:desire to preserve tradition, support for common

values, belief in strong gov’t control, idea that hierarchy and inequality were natural, support for aristocracies, suspicion of Laissez-Faire capitalism

Comparing the two…LIBERALISM• man is naturally

good• gov’t should

interfere as little as possible in economic and social lives

• individual rights are most important

• people give gov’t the authority to rule, and can take it away if they are unhappy

CONSERVATISM• man can be evil• gov’t should control

economic and social/moral lives

• stability and order of society most important

• class hierarchy is natural, and so is right to rule

Capitalism• Benefits of

Capitalism– Based on

Enlightenment ideas of liberty, rationalism• Private property

– Competition encourages efficiency & productivity• “survival of the

fittest”– Worker free to choose

his or her work• Gov’t plays no role

• Costs of Capitalism– Not concerned with

equality• continues class

divisions• “rich get richer, poor

stay poor”

— Competition pits people against each other• Cooperation not

efficient

Socialism•a reaction to the Industrial

Revolution, characterized by:

▫rejection of the idea that the wealthy “deserve their wealth” because they created it - but instead an argument that wealthy exploit working classes

▫vision of society based on economic equality

▫belief in cooperation, production for benefit of all

▫idea of public ownership of means of production

Marx and Socialism

•German Socialist writer (1818 – 1883)•believed society wasn’t made up of

individuals, but of CLASSES (based on economics)

• looked at the working classes and argued they were oppressed by the capitalist classes – and that this was wrong

•Marx envisioned the working class taking over the gov’t (through revolution) and then the gov’t taking over all industry

•1848: Marx and Engels publish the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO

Communism

Communism is characterized by:

• idea that history is guided by class struggle

•desire to establish a classless, stateless society

•belief in the abolition of all private ownership,

•belief that this will come about through revolution

The immediate aim of the Communists is the… formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeoise supremacy,

conquest of political power by the proletariat." - Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848

How does this relate to nationalism?

•Because of the Industrial Revolution, the development of different beliefs on socialism and capitalism led to nations thinking their way was the best.

•Nationalism is patriotism transformed into a sentiment of superiority and aggression toward other countries.