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Welcome to CIFOR
March 2014
Presentation outline
Background Where and how we work Research agenda Impact pathways
Background
Global developments 1960-2010B
illion
peop
le
What to expect
• 9.6 billion people in 2050
• Changing consumption patterns
• Continued economic growth
• Expectations of justice and equity
• Migrations to seek new opportunities
• Increased climate variability
Only 30-40 years from now, the world will not look as it does today.
Why forests are important Forests provide $250 billion in various forms of income and are essential to
the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people – a quarter of the world’s population They contain 80% of the Earth’s terrestrial biodiversity Forests absorb up to a third of all carbon emissions
(Re)defining forestry for the bigger picture
• Political relevance
• Positive contributions
• Not only problems
Poverty
Food security
Climate change
Biodiversity
Green economy
MDG
WFS
UNFCCC
CBD
Rio+20
“Big 5”
Fore
stry
The problem Global forest area has decreased since
1990 by 300 million hectares – an area larger than Argentina
Deforestation and land-use change contribute 10-15% of the global greenhouse gas emissions; and peatland degradation adds as much as another 3%
Forest destruction affects agricultural productivity and can undermine food security at landscape scales
Forest loss endangers biodiversity, and can threaten the rights and livelihoods of indigenous people and other forest communities
Forests are fundamentalFood, nutrition and health WaterEnergy Housing Livelihoods and employment Climate change adaptation and mitigationBiodiversityResilience and safety nets
To environmental and economic external shocks
CIFOR’s vision Forests are high on the political
agenda People recognize the value of
forests for maintaining livelihoods and ecosystems
Decisions that influence forests and the people that depend on them are based on solid science and principles of good governance, and reflect the perspectives of developing countries and forest-dependent people
CIFOR’s purpose We advance human
wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in less-developed countries.
CIFOR’s history Established in 1993 as part of the CGIAR
Board’s early guidance led to emphasis on policy-oriented, multi-disciplinary research
Major lines of research have included:• Criteria and indicators • Underlying causes of deforestation• Decentralisation• Improved logging practices• Forests and livelihoods• Forest finance and governance
Board approved a new strategy in 2008
CGIAR CIFOR is one of 15 centers that make up the CGIAR Consortium CIFOR is the Lead Center for the CGIAR Research Programme on Forests, Trees
and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA), in partnership with the World Agroforestry Centre, Bioversity, the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CATIE and CIRAD
Where and how we work
Where we work: Tropical forests
Humid forests
1.1 billion hectaresDiverse, 50% terrestrial speciesLow population densityRural poor/marginalized groups
Dry forests
0.7 billion hectaresLess diverse, high endemismLow /high population densityDisproportionate number of poor
Where we work
Burkina Faso Cameroon EthiopiaZambiaBrazil Indonesia
Headquarters: Bogor, Indonesia8 regional & project offices
Research sites in more than 30 countries
Peru Kenya Vietnam
CIFOR organisation from 1 Jan 2014
Global comparative research
Synthesizing existing knowledge
Developing new methods
Partnership Capacity-building Outreach
How we work:Approaches
CGIAR (Stability Funds) 5.301
CGIAR (CRPs) 4.555
European Com-mission 4.843
Norway 3.991
Australia (ACIAR and AusAid) 2.098
USA (USAID/U.S. FWS) 0.975
French Global En-vironment Facility
0.775
Germany (GIZ) 0.765
Canada (IDRC) 0.744
Finland 0.535
Spain (INIA) 0.507
Others 4.780
Financial resources2011 Expenditures: USD 28.6 million
Human resources 250 staff representing 35 countries 85 consultants, 29 PhD students/interns Network of Associates
Research agenda
Smallholder production systems and markets
Management and conservation of forest and tree resources
Environmental services and landscape management
Climate change adaptation and mitigation
Impacts of trade and investment on forests and people
Researchcomponents
Researchcomponent
Enhancing management and production systems for smallholders (food security and nutrition)
Increasing income generation and market integration for smallholders
Improving policy and institutions to enhance social assets to secure rights in forest- and tree-dependent communities
Smallholder production systems and markets
Example of research:Poverty and Environment Network (PEN) Study of forest-based contributions
to incomes in more than 8,000 households in 24 countries
Finding: Income from forests contributes on average more than one-fifth of total household earnings for people living in or near forests
PEN publications to be released in April 2014
Example of impact: Money for honey CIFOR analysis in Cameroon on the roles played by men, women and youth in
beekeeping chains aided the formation of the small enterprise Guiding Hope. Today, it collaborates with over 1,000 producers and their households.
Body Shop began using Guiding Hope honey and wax in its products in 2010
Understanding threats to important tree species and formulating genetic conservation strategies
Conserving and characterizing high-quality germplasm of important tree crops and their wild relatives
Developing improved silvicultural, monitoring and management practices for multiple use
Developing tools and methods to resolve conflicts over distribution of benefits and resource rights
Management and conservation of forest and tree resources
Researchcomponent
Example of research: Bushmeat In rural areas of the Congo Basin, many communities
depend on wild meat hunted in forests for up to 80 percent of the fats and proteins in their diets.
Scientific field work in Congo Basin resulted in several articles and a 2008 synthesis monograph on the bushmeat crisis and creation of the Liaison Group on Bushmeat
Example of impact:Certification for
smallholders CIFOR assistance to the
Forestry Stewardship Council’s efforts to refine FSC standards for small-scale operations with prospective application in Brazil, Cameroon, and Mexico
Understanding drivers of forest transition Understanding the consequences of forest transition
for environmental services and livelihoods Learning landscapes: dynamics of multi-functionality
Environmental services and landscape managementResearchcomponent
Example of research: Tenure constraints on REDD
Competitiveness of REDD supply Bottleneck: Land tenure chaos
Unknown tenure 53%
Indigenous lands 9%
Agricultural settlements 10%
PA for sustainable use 9%
Community lands <1%
Registered properties 1%
Legend
CitiesRoadsState limitsWater
Sources: IBAMA, INCRA 2007, Soares-Filho et al. 2006
CIFOR analysis of tenure constraints to PES-based approaches to forest conservation in Brazil
Example of impact: Community forestry in Guinea
Research from a USAID-supported project in Guinea identified policy options to strengthen community forests as legal entities and practical options for agricultural intensification
Up to threefold increase in local incomes, and major expansion in natural vegetation cover
Harnessing forests, trees and agroforestry for climate change mitigation
Enhancing climate change adaptation Understanding synergies between climate change
mitigation and adaptation
Climate change adaptation and mitigationResearchcomponent
Example of research:Carbon in mangroves
New finding: Surprisingly large amounts of carbon stored in mangrove forests, especially below ground
Mangrove photo
Example of impact:Ecosystem-based adaptation
Joint CIFOR-CATIE research on tropical forests and climate change adaptation in Honduras influenced the design of one of the first projects ever approved by the UNFCCC’s Adaptation Fund Board
Understanding the processes and impacts of forest-related trade and investment
Enhancing responses and policy options to mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts of trade and investment
Impacts of trade and investment on forests and peopleResearchcomponent
Example of research:Implications of biodiesel-induced land-use changes
Direct and/or indirect land-use changes from cultivation of feedstocks cause can emissions due to carbon losses in soils and biomass
In the different case studies explored for this analysis, the largest carbon debt is created by oil palm followed by jatropha and soybean
Carbon debt due to direct (dLUC) and indirect land-use change (iLUC) expressed in terms of both carbon and CO2-eq
Note: (1) represent the low iLUC scenario , and (2) constitutes the most conservative estimate
Example of impact: Forest industryResearch on Indonesia’s pulp and paper industry helped avert the loss of 135,000 hectares of natural tropical rainforest, valued at $133 million in avoided carbon emissions
Better nutrition through safe drinking water – the case of Jakarta (this is also forestry!)
Political Processes: Focused but Fragmented
Maintaining biological diversity Conservation Sustainable use
Mitigating and adapting to climate change Rural communities Land-based sectors
Food security aspirations Nutrition and health Climate-smart
agriculture and food systems
MDG Post-2015 development agenda Poverty reduction Sustainable
Development Goals
Green economy Return on
investments in a green economy
Improved livelihoods
The forestry/landscapes “Big 5”
Scale
Gov
erna
nce
form
aliz
ation
Private farms, forests
Districts, Provinces,
Major cities
Communal land
Biosphere reserves,
Model forests
Countries
Municipalities
Producer cooperatives
GlobalLocal
Informal
FormalCorporations
Protected areas
Defining Landscapes: “Places with governance in place”
Earth
Land-related international conventions
Major watersheds
Public forests
Are landscapes important?1. Livelihood for billions of people
2. Production of all our food – and other renewable products (wood, non-wood)
3. Source of 1/3 of greenhouse gas emissions (land use)
4. Home to all terrestrial biodiversity
5. Cornerstone in a green economy
Yes. They are important. Very important.
But: How are the above 5 topics dealt with?
The landscape as a framework
Landscapes are essential for future we want.
34
12 Fragmentation of sectors and political
processes hinder us.
Landscapes approach creates synergies and manages trade-offs.
People on the ground are in charge.
Private finance is essential to the solutions.5
New Vision?
A planet with sustainable landscapes.
Impact pathways
Engagement with policy makers
Engagement with practitionersCIFOR hosted and contributed to more than 20 conferences and workshops in 2013 that involved civil society and business representatives
Sustainable Forest Management in Central Africa (above, May 2013) Fires, Haze and Landscape Workshop (January 2014) Forests Asia Summit (May 2014)
Capacity building: Example from the DRC
Survey in 2005 found less than 10 active researchers in DRC - a country that represent 60% of the Congo Basin’s forests
Project at the University of Kisangani: 35 MSc students trained; 25 PhDs ongoing
Separate project in Congo Basin on climate change adaptation trained 40 MSc students
Web-based Combines with traditional
outreach Demand driven Tailored to stakeholders Shared platforms and
content with partners Constant monitoring,
review, adaptation
Communications
CIFOROutput
Knowledge
sharing
Knowledge
sharing
Knowledgesharing
Impact
Impact
Impact
CIFOR Research
CIFOR’s communications model
Web-based outreach
Page views of Forests News(now 40,000+ per month avg)
REDD+ website in Bahasa Indonesiawww.redd-indonesia.org
109,892 publications downloaded since launch in April 2011
Integrated with traditional outreach
Global Landscapes ForumWarsaw, 16-17 November 2013 – at COP19
• A Landscapes Approach to inform: • Climate Change agreements and actions• Sustainable Development Goals
• Agriculture & Forestry together — more than 1200 participants• 4 themes:
• Investment• Governance • Climate change adaptation & mitigation• Food and nutrition
www.cifor.org www.blog.cifor.org