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1 Welcome to the December Edition of our Newsletter Who would have thought, this time last year that we would be preparing for a slightly different Christmas in 2020? Hopefully the end is now in sight and let us hope that it’s not too long before we can safely meet up again. I would like to thank all our members who have contributed to our newsletter since it started in March and I am looking forward to receiving lots of interesting items for our January edition. Don’t forget our next edition will be published on Thursday 21 st January and will hopefully be another bumper one so please remember to send in your contributions by 15 th January. I would like to wish all our members a very merry Christmas and best wishes for 2021. Edition 24 December 2020 Please send any contributions to Karen: [email protected]
Transcript

1

Welcome to the December Edition of our Newsletter

Who would have thought, this time last year that we would be preparing for a slightly different

Christmas in 2020? Hopefully the end is now in sight and let us hope that it’s not too long before

we can safely meet up again.

I would like to thank all our members who have contributed to our newsletter since it started in

March and I am looking forward to receiving lots of interesting items for our January edition.

Don’t forget our next edition will be published on Thursday 21st January and will hopefully be

another bumper one so please remember to send in your contributions by 15th January.

I would like to wish all our members a very merry Christmas and best wishes for 2021.

Edition 24 – December 2020

Please send any contributions to

Karen: [email protected]

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Music in Our Time

Music Inspired By Christmas by Alan Malloy

The Big Six: Classical, Choral and Contemporary

Classical J S Bach: Christmas Oratorio This is one of three oratorios which Bach wrote. His Christmas Oratorio is in six parts. This excerpt is from the first section, ‘The Birth’. It is a lively and ebullient choral piece, reflecting the joy of Our Lord’s Birth. The German title of this first chorus is ‘Jauchzet, Frohlocket’ - ‘Celebrate, Rejoice’. The whole Oratorio is around three hours in length. This excerpt lasts just a few minutes. It is played by the Orchestra and Choir of the J S Bach Foundation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7dtiCWAkaQA Archangelo Corelli: Christmas Concerto This music was commissioned by Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni and published posthumously in 1714 (Corelli died in 1713), with the music first being performed some 24 years earlier in 1690 for the Cardinal. This concerto was one of twelve written by Corelli and is arguably, the most well-known. I find this music to be more restrained than the previous Bach piece. It is generally calmer, but does contain sections of faster music. In this clip, I particularly like the focus on the players, but apologies for the poor quality of the recording. The Frieburg Baroque Orchestra brings Corelli’s music to life. Playing time: 15 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XFQ2oTYp5Z8

Choral Hector Berlioz: The Shepherd’s Farewell This beautiful carol comes from Berlioz’s oratorio “ L’Enfance du Christ”, depicting the Holy Family’s flight into Egypt. I really love this carol. The oboes add a wonderfully melancholic atmosphere to it. This recording is admirably performed by the Royal Choral Society at the Albert Hall in 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGBTNlbRbeM Adolphe Adam ‘O Holy Night’ Composed in 1847 and based on a French poem, this carol has a very personal memory. Tain Choral Group sang this for the Christmas Concert of 2019. The choir found the timing of the second verse which starts ‘Fall on your knees’, somewhat challenging to get right. Mercifully on the afternoon of the performance, we got it spot on. I remember seeing the face of Lydia Jackson our Musical Director, light up in a wonderful smile in acknowledgement of our achievement. Such is the popularity of this carol that there are many versions. Having listened to several, I think the King’s College Cambridge rendition is the one I prefer most. This performance comes from their Christmas Eve concert in 2017. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTFG_nvreol

Contemporary Chris Rea: Driving Home For Christmas

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Contemporary Chris Rea: Driving Home For Christmas I’m sure that many of us will fondly remember making our way home to celebrate Christmas with our families, either from College or work. Chris Rea released this single in 1986. It was never a major hit for him, but for many of us, this evokes our happy memories of travelling home. I particularly like the accompanying video, which shows a snowy road, capturing the mood of the season so well. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDt3u2Ev1cl Paul McCartney: Wonderful Christmastime I make no apologies for choosing this song. I know that for some it may come across as rather saccharine and trite, but I love the upbeat, jolly sentiment behind it. I hope that you have a wonderful Christmas time, bringing to a close a difficult 2020, and looking forward to a much more positive 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94Ye-3C1FC8

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From our Chairperson, Franca

Newsletter Prattle

Hello All Well we have more or less made it to Christmas although I do have to pinch myself at times to be reminded that the Festive time is nigh! It's particularly sad for the children as they are missing out on so many fun things but there's always next year I guess! It appears that the majority of you are having a very low key Christmas and some of you are on your own although many of you are having virtual family and friends meetings. That appears to be a good decision because although we are relatively safe up here visitors from other areas could easily bring the dreaded virus with them. It feels like we are now so close to getting some protection with the vaccine that waiting another few weeks or even months doesn't seem so bad. As one of our members told me Easter will be the new Christmas! Anyway whatever you are doing please look after yourself and if you are feeling a little lonely or just want a wee "chat" feel free to email me on [email protected]. I'm always there for you. Meanwhile Happy Christmas and a very safe, healthy and peaceful 2021. all the best Franca

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These beautiful photographs were sent in by Tony Sandy

Cromarty Sutor

Moniack

forest walk

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Fyrish pond

Fyrish in

the mist

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Desert Island Discs was a regular feature of this newsletter until a few months

ago and I am delighted that Celia has sent in her second selection!

Celia says ‘here are my second lot of Desert Island Discs, a difficult task!’

1 To Make You Feel My Love, Adele. I like the Bob Dylan version too, but she does it so

well.

2 Black Velvet Band, the Mad Ferrets. They are such an energetic duo, and this is in

memory of good nights at Carnegie Hall. This song suits their style. They’ll come again!

3 Caledonia, Frankie Miller. I prefer his upbeat version of a favourite song.

4 River, Joni Mitchell. Christmas on the way, but this puts a different slant on seasonal

songs.

5 The Wild Geese, Jim Reid. Poignant song taken from the Violet Jacob poem. I really like

his voice. I remember a friend years ago saying he liked Jim Reid because he sounded like

grandad without his teeth in.

6 City of New Orleans, Arlo Guthrie. I’ve only seen him perform once, at Belladrum, about

13 years ago when we were there selling organic burgers and beef rolls, but I managed to

escape to see him, the highpoint of the weekend for me. I read that now he’s not so well

and has stopped touring and public concerts, so that’s sad. Time moves on. A favourite

song, too.

7 King Kong’s Visit to Glasgow, Michael Marra. Scotland and Dundee’s wonderful

singer/composer – there’s so many to pick.

8 Happy, Pharrell Williams. Just to cheer us up. I’ve played drums to this song at the

Carnegie Hall! – impressed? - with the Port Samba Band!

Book to take? An anthology of Scottish Poetry would keep me reading for a long time, I think,

especially the poems of Robert Burns; Sorley Maclean (in Gaelic, with translation); and

Luxury Item? Not really such a luxury but a Swiss type knife with scissors and nail file

attachment would be useful.

Desert Island Discs

Selected by Celia Fraser

Please email your 8 record choices

and your book and luxury item you

would take to your desert island to

[email protected]

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Christmas Star by Rhoda Malloy

This year has been traumatic, Of that there is no doubt - But instead of sitting brooding, I’ve urged you to come out. I’ve guided you through woodland Where worries disappeared And walked with you along the coast Until your spirits cheered. You found comfort in my presence As we wandered near and far, My joy has been to help you - Yes, I’m your Christmas star!

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Easter Ross and Sutherland u3a Book Group

Easter Ross and Sutherland U3A Book Group

We held our first Zoom Book Group meeting on December 11th

. It was agreed by all that it

went well and that we definitely want to continue this way until we can meet in person again.

This month we read Alan Bennett's book ‘Keeping On, Keeping On’. We got to consider

various questions before the meeting and each of us was allocated one question to comment

on with the others chipping in with their views afterwards.

Questions varied from What do you think of the book’s title? to What other title might you

choose? to Why do you think the author chose to tell this story?

As most of us really did not like the book, finding it tedious and repetitive, the answers to the

question, What other title might you choose? received some interesting repsonses like

‘Going on Going’on and ‘Ad Naseum! It's good to see that despite the difficult times we

live in we haven't lost our sense of humour!

Our next book to read and discuss is “The Other Einstein” by Marie Benedict. This appeals to

me, at least, much more than Alan Bennett did.

We are about to put forward our next ideas for the books for us to read for next year so if any

of you have read anything good over lockdown please do let me know as we are always

looking for new recommendations.

So far our list to choose from is:

The Island Nurse, Mary J Macleod

Brideshead Revisited, Evelyn Waugh

Sea Poppies, Amitav Ghosh

The Love Child, Rachel Hore

Cartes Postales from Greece, Victoria Hislop

An American Marriage, Tayari Jones

Love is Blind, William Boyd

Guernica, Dave Biking

The Guest List, Lucy Foley

The Family Upstairs, Lisa Jewell

Bird Cage Walk, Helen Dunmore

Wave, Somali Deraniyagala

If any of you have read any of these please let me know what you thought. Also I have

included this list in case any of you are looking for suggestions of books to read.

If any of you would like to join us please let me know as you would be very welcome.

Contact Franca on [email protected]

Meanwhile Safe Christmas and Happy Reading for 2021!

News from our Interest Groups

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Easter Ross and Sutherland U3A Strolling Group

November 2020

Walk along the front from Hilton

We gathered at the far end of Hilton and agreed we would walk as far as we felt comfortable

with. The weather was beautifully sunny although cold. We didn't really notice that too much

because we were all too busy getting our weekly “fix” of chat!

It was lovely along the front. We saw a few cormorants sitting on rocks, wings spread, drying

their wings.

Catherine told us various bits of information about the history of Hilton while we watched the

waves breaking on the rocks and the sun glistening on the sea.

The walk started at the site of what is thought to be the fisher village of Cadboll. Pottery

shards etc have been found on site. To the left of the field is the site of a medieval chapel

known locally as Our Lady’s chapel.

The beautiful Pictish cross slab, known as the Hilton Stone was originally taken from the site.

It is now the centre of the Exhibition “Scotland’s People”, at the National Museum of

Scotland in Edinburgh. The stone depicts a hunting scene featuring a Pictish queen on

horseback, her retainers, trumpeters and dogs. Behind her can be seen a shadowy outline of

a man on horseback. There is also elaborate Pictish knotwork, a Christian cross and an

image of Daniel and a lion. The stone was carved around 700-800 AD. A replica stone stands

on the site now. There are two other cross slabs in the area, the Nigg and Shandwick stones.

They are originals and are important internationally.

There is thought to have been a sculpture school in the area perhaps allied to Burghead

where there are fabulous carvings of bulls. The stone was originally thought to have been

brought over from Burghead but it is thought now that it was quarried locally.

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There is a carving of a horse’s head on a rock below the shoreline just beside the first bothy

and some odd holes carved in a regular pattern. It is postulated that these are practice

carvings.

These two pictures are courtesy of Douglas Gordon from Bindal Farm

The view over the Firth to Nigg

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Before we knew it we had gone past both the fishing bothies and arrived at the gate to the

next leg of the Hilton to Rockfield walk. We all agreed this was where we would turn back.

As we retraced our steps we commented on how lucky we are to live in this beautiful, wild

area of the country especially with the pandemic raging.

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Easter Ross and Sutherland U3A Walking Group

November 2020 Clashdu Circular

This walk is a relatively unknown little gem. To get there coming from the south turn off the

A9 left at Tomich, go up the hill and turn right onto the road signposted Kindeace. Carry on

that road until you reach the turn off left signposted Heathfield Cottages. Before you reach

the cottages, there’s an opening to the left of the road and the car park is signposted Clashdu

Woodland Walk. The closest grid reference is NH 70 73 for Wester Calrichie (a small group

of houses) but you should reach the car park before then.

The actual circular walk has only been in existence for a couple of years and is approximately

3 kms long but we added in another couple of side tracks making the total walk about 6 kms.

We followed the road up past Wester Calrichie cottages and entered the fenced path area

which winds its way to a picnic area beside two ponds. Carrying on along the path we had a

great view over the Firth.

Here we are ready for the off – when we can

stop chatting that is!

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As we descended back down the track we passed lots of large boulders in the field.

Where's Peter with a geology

input?

There are lots of fishing lochs. We

thought that they are probably

related to the holiday lets.

We admired the stonework on the

holiday cottages.

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We then turned off the actual Clashdu walk, to the left, passing a couple more houses and

going through a gate. Here we walked along a track which crosses typically boggy scrub

land. We turned right when we came to this gushing stream.

As we walked along what became two streams, over a bridge, and left along another track we

began to wonder what was going on. It wasn't natural surely that two streams would run more

or less parallel to each other. We then spotted an old sluice gate and surmised that there had

been some kind of canal built but why? A number of theories were put forward.

Further along the path we were very surprised to find wooden chalets, a field of deer and a

play park. We were at the back of Hoseasons Holiday Complex!

Having commiserated that the the cafe wasn't open we returned by the same path to the

gushing stream and turned off to the left through mature woodland, again following this very

straight stream. What was going on? We were in the back of beyond or were we?

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We then arrived at a beautiful, serene loch. Here we all agreed there was a feeling of

calmness and tranquillity. We stopped for a little contemplation, snack and of course chat.

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Richard was a star because he did some research when he got home and found out the

following about where we had been walking.

Loch Catrina (the beautiful, serene loch where we stopped) is a man-made loch. It does not

exist on old maps up to 1950. The water diversion we saw higher up may be how the loch was

filled with water. The water channels around that area have been disrupted since Victorian

times.

There was a water mill at Delny but no archaeology remains. However the water channel

down from Kindeace is sometimes described as a mill lade and there is a mill dam marked at

Priesthill Farm. Priesthill is so called because originally it was the manse and glebe for the

pre Reformation Catholic minister, who had a chapel at Delny, to minister to the laird. No

signs of the mill, chapel or medieval castle at Delny.

There is a further marked mill lade running from around where we parked down to Broomhill

Farm, but no historic evidence of a mill. There is historic evidence of a dam and mill at

Tomich.

Historic records show a lime kiln at Wester Calrichie, but again no remaining archaeology. A

number of farm houses and buildings have been on Delny Muir for a long time, but nothing of

major importance.

Huge thanks to Richard as he had more or less solved our mystery. If anyone else has more

information about this area please let me know.

A huge thank you to Jeanie for organising this walk.

Catherine told us about the lovely smell

from this Balsam Fir when you rub some

needles between your fingers.

We then returned by the same route to the

holiday cottages and turned left down the

road to the car park. We all agreed it had

been another great walk and way to

socialise. We were however still left

puzzling over that waterway structure.

What had gone on in the past in the area?

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Easter Ross and Sutherland U3A Strolling Group

Averon River Walk

December 2020

We parked at Crawl Park in Alness and walked back up the hill to cross the road at the

Averon Centre. We then crossed the Averon by the foot bridge and walked down the side of

the river. It was beautiful because it was in spate.

We admired the water gushing over the weir and the fish ladder. We then continued down to

the old turn off for Redwoods Care Home.

We walked along this to the Home where we decided to turn back instead of investigating the

Redwoods Woodland path as it was so wet and muddy.

We retraced our steps back to the car park. The walk was approximately 1 mile but the length

wasn't important it was the fact we were out exercising in the fresh air and getting good chat.

A big thanks to Jeanie for organising this stroll.

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Easter Ross and Sutherland U3A Walk

Contin /Rogie Falls

December 2020

We did this walk on a very cold but bright day. We met in the car park in Contin signposted

Woodland Walks. The entrance to the car park is just to the right before the main road turns left

to cross the Black Water bridge. You have gone too far if you pass the Achilty Hotel/guest house. On

the far side of Contin you'll see the forest signs on your right. Turn here and follow the road through

buildings to the car park at grid reference NH 451 570. Nearest postcode for SatNav users is: IV14

9EF.

The place names of Contin and Achility are of Ancient British/Pictish language origins and

demonstrate the antiquity of the place.

Contin was on the cattle drove trail to Muir of Ord from Lochcarron, Aultbea and Poolewe

and in 1792, Kenneth Morrison of Torridon offered to build the road from Contin to Ullapool.

It cost £4582 which was very low and so it was poorly built, Thomas Telford was recruited to

build it properly and built the bridge at Contin, which still stands as a footbridge. Later the

road from Garve to Loch Carron followed.

Contin Parish Church is on an island on the river and can be accessed by a traffic bridge and

a footbridge. The church is dedicated to St. Maelrubha (644-722) who founded the monastery

at Applecross and there has been a church in Contin since the eighth century. However the

current building is Georgian with medieval walling.

The larger Contin Parish has two "Parliamentary Churches" at Lochluichart and

Strathconon, built to a Thomas Telford Design. There are 30 of these identical "flat pack"

churches in the Highlands, more famous ones are at Ullapool (now the museum)

After our usual greetings, social

chat and Covid rules reminders

Richard updated us on some

historical facts about Contin.

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Amongst the chat we were able to appreciate the beauties of nature on a cold day.

We set off on our walk through the

forest.

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We enthused about the tumbling waterfalls and winter light amongst the trees.

Snowy Hills Ice glistening trees

This incredible phenomenon is called

“hair ice” and is formed by a fungus

called Exidiopsis effusa which grows on

decaying wood. It forms on cold humid

nights and disappears when the

weather heats up. (info courtesy of Pat

Rae)

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Eventually we came to the Rogie Falls which were looking particularly beautiful on this cold crisp

day.

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We all agreed it had been another great walk, physically and mentally boosting our

wellbeing.

A huge thanks to Catherine for leading the walk, Jeanie for doing all the paperwork and to

Peter, Sheila and Richard for their amazing photos and research – a great team effort!

We returned to the car park tired

but totally refreshed!

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Crafty Ideas from Members Have you been busy with crafty activities over the last few

months? Please share your ideas and photos with us on this

page.

Helen Campbell created this beautiful

Christmas wreath display after

gathering foliage from the countryside.

She is making them for the windows of

Fearn Abbey so she has a few more to

do.

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Just for fun

Edition 23’s ‘Guess the Object’ was, of course a shuttlecock!

Can you guess what this object is? Answer in the next edition of

the newsletter.

Thanks to Rhoda Malloy for this month’s interesting object

Autumn colours at Aldie Burn

Glorious autumn colours

Nigg sky

at night

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Nostalgia

These articles were sent in by Jackie Rother whose daughter found them in a

December 1968 craft magazine.

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Thanks to Rhoda for sending this in

Christmas Cheer

There has been precious little to smile about this year, but despite the pandemic, entries for the national annual competition for Christmas cracker jokes has been remarkably high. Comedy critic Bruce Dessau led a panel of judges in a search for the most amusing of these comedy quips. He said, “Amongst one of the strangest and most turbulent years yet, we can always rely on British humour to pull us through”. Here are some examples of the successful entries this year:

1. What is Dominic Cummings’ favourite Christmas song?

‘Driving home for Christmas’, by Chris Rea 2. Did you hear that production levels were down in Santa’s workshop? Many of his workers had to elf-isolate! 3. Why are Santa’s reindeer allowed to travel on Christmas Eve? They have herd immunity! 4. Why is it best to think of 2020 like a pantomime? Because eventually it’s behind you! 5. Why couldn’t Mary and Joseph join their work colleagues on a conference call? Because there was no Zoom at the inn! 6. Why can’t Boris Johnson make his Christmas cake until the last moment? Because he isn’t sure of how many tiers it will need! 7. Which government scheme supports the nation’s Christmas dinner? Eat sprout to help out!

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Pat Webster sent this one in

And this from Lyn Dyke

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I saw this on a U3A Facebook page and thought it too good not to share!

Dear Tech Support

Last year I upgraded from Boyfriend to Husband and noticed a distinct slowdown in overall system performance, particularly in the flower and jewellery applications, which operated flawlessly under Boyfriend.

In addition Husband uninstalled many other valuable programs, such as Romance and Personal Attention and then installed undesirable programs such as Rugby, Football, Sailing and Continuous TV.

Conversation no longer runs, and Housecleaning simply crashes the system. I've tried running Nagging to fix these problems, but to no avail.

What can I do?

Signed

Desperate

Dear Desperate,

First keep in mind, Boyfriend is an Entertainment Package, while Husband is an Operating System. Please enter the command: 'http: I Thought You Loved Me.html' and try to download Tears. Don't forget to install the Guilt update. If that application works as designed, Husband should then automatically run the applications Jewellery and Flowers, but remember - overuse of the above application can cause Husband to default to Grumpy Silence, Garden Shed or Beer.. Beer is a very bad program that will download the Snoring Loudly Beta.

Whatever you do, DO NOT install Mother-in-law (it runs a virus in the background that will eventually seize control of all your system resources).

Also, do not attempt to reinstall the Boyfriend program. These are unsupported applications and will crash Husband.

In summary, Husband is a great system, but it does have limited memory and cannot download new applications quickly. It also tends to work better running one task at a time. You might consider buying additional software to improve memory and performance. We recommend Food and Hot Lingerie.

Good Luck,

Technical

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ERAS Quiz Easter Ross and Sutherland Christmas Quiz Answers

W/c 1st December 2020

1. When was the first Christmas card printed?

1843 – a man called John Calcott Horsley printed the first Christmas card for the

friend that gave him the idea, Sir Henry Cole.

2. Which country donates the Christmas tree in Trafalgar Square?

Norway – the city of Oslo, Norway, donates the Trafalgar Square Christmas tree to the

people of Britain each year since 1947

3. What ornaments do elves have on their shoes?

Bells

4. What colour are mistletoe berries?

White

5. How does Santa climb up the chimney after getting your presents?

Touches his nose, smiles and nods.

6. What were the first eight reindeer called?

Blitzen, Comet, Cupid, Dasher, Prancer, Vixen, Dancer, and Donner

7. What is the name of Ebenezer Scrooge’s partner in A Christmas Carol?

Jacob Marley

8. Which actor got the starring role for Jingle All the Way?

Arnold Schwarzenegger

9. What carol is also known as “the counting song”?

The Twelve Days of Christmas

10. What carol can you use to demand figgy pudding?

We wish you a Merry Christmas

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11. What were mince pies made with, in Victorian times?

Beef and spices

12. What holiday drink is made with milk, egg and sugar?

Eggnog

13. How does Santa keep track of all the fireplaces he’s visited?

He keeps a log book

14. What did 52% of Brits order for Christmas dinner?

No Brussels

15. The first royal Christmas broadcast – which monarch made it?

It was started by The Queen’s grandfather, King George V, in 1932.

16. How many tips do traditional snowflakes have?

Six

17. Which soft drinks company is the first to have ads featuring Santa?

Coca-Cola

18. Who wrote A Christmas Carol?

Charles Dickens

19. What carol warns you about Santa?

Santa Claus is coming to town

20. What fruit is usually placed in stockings?

Tangerines

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Easter Ross and Sutherland Christmas Quiz 17

th December 2020

1. Who invented the Christmas cracker? 2. Shakespeare wrote a play for Elizabeth I, as a Christmas present. Which one is it? 3. Stephen I was anointed king of which country in the year 1000, on Christmas Day? 4. What were the children drinking in the first commercially produced Christmas cards by

Henry Cole? 5. Who wrote the first ever king’s Christmas message? 6. Where does the name “Boxing Day” come from? 7. When was Christmas first celebrated in the UK? 8. By when should Christmas decorations come down, according to UK traditions?

9. What ancient people started the tradition of exchanging gifts?

10. Where does the tradition to hang gifts on the Christmas tree come from?

11. What is Santa called in France?

12. Who created Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, Santa’s ninth reindeer?

13. What female actress stars in Miracle on 34th Street?

14. Which Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale inspired the movie Frozen?

15. What is wassailing?

16. Which saint introduced carols in churches?

17. What was the traditional Christmas meal in England in Victorian times?

18. What was Christmas pudding originally made of?

19. What was the first carol broadcasted from space?

20. What reindeer is never mentioned in The Night before Christmas?

The answers to this quiz are at the very end of this newsletter so no peaking until you have answered the questions!

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Cucumber Just a thought to end on

Coming in the Next Edition

As I said in last month’s newsletter - this will be entirely up to you!

The deadline for contributions for the January issue of ERAS

Connected is Friday 15th

January. So plenty of time to put your

thinking caps on and send me your jokes, recipes, funny stories,

poems, local news, nostalgia items, short stories etc. etc.

Remember this is our newsletter – by the members for the members!

Our January Edition will be published on Thursday 21st

January 2021

Please remember when sending in items for inclusion in this newsletter, make

sure you let me know if you are happy for your name to be added.

Many thanks The Editor (Karen) [email protected]

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Answers to the Easter Ross and Sutherland Christmas

Quiz

17th

December 2020

1. Who invented the Christmas cracker?

Tom Smith, a 19th-century London sweet shop owner.

2. Shakespeare wrote a play for Elizabeth I, as a Christmas present. Which one is it ?

The Merry Wives of Windsor

3. Stephen I was anointed king of which country in the year 1000, on Christmas Day?

Hungary

4. What were the children drinking in the first commercially produced Christmas cards by

Henry Cole?

Wine

5. Who wrote the first ever king’s Christmas message?

Rudyard Kipling – he wrote the 251-word message.

6. Where does the name “Boxing Day” come from?

Back in the days, Boxing Day was a traditional day off for servants in which they

received a ‘Christmas Box’ from their master. They would also go home on Boxing Day

to give presents to their families.

7. When was Christmas first celebrated in the UK?

6th century

8. By when should Christmas decorations come down, according to UK traditions?

By January 5th

9. What ancient people started the tradition of exchanging gifts?

The Romans

10. Where does the tradition to hang gifts on the Christmas tree come from?

The Druids

11. What is Santa called in France?

Pere Noel

12. Who created Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, Santa’s ninth reindeer?

Rudolph May

13. What female actress stars in Miracle on 34th Street?

Natalie Wood

14. Which Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale inspired the movie Frozen?

The Snow Queen

15. What is wassailing?

The tradition of wishing neighbours a long life.

16. Which saint introduced carols in churches?

St Francis of Assisi

17. What was the traditional Christmas meal in England in Victorian times?

Pig’s head and mustard

18. What was Christmas pudding originally made of?

Soup with raisins and wine

19. What was the first carol broadcasted from space?

Jingle bells

20. What reindeer is never mentioned in The Night before Christmas?

Rudolph


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