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A Comparisonof
Mathematics Education/Teachingin
China and the United States
Wu-Teh HsiangEmail: [email protected]
Education
Learning Teaching
Education
Learning Teaching
Education ConferencesLearning Conferences!
Education
Learning Teaching
Learning and Teaching
Education ConferencesLearning Conferences!
Education
Learning Teaching
Learning and Teaching
Education ConferencesLearning Conferences!
The ultimate goal is students to learn, to retain, to apply and to teach their knowledge!
Education
Learning Teaching
Learning and Teaching
Education ConferencesLearning Conferences!
The ultimate goal is students to learn, to retain, to apply and to teach their knowledge!
Learning Teaching Leaning Teaching
Systems, Curricula, Methods of Teachingin
Mathematics 1-12
China United States
Department of Education: National level, Province level, County level. (Yes)
Department of Education: National level, State level. (Yes)
Systems, Curricula, Methods of Teachingin
Mathematics 1-12
China United States
Department of Education: National level, Province level, County level. (Yes)
Department of Education: National level, State level. (Yes)
National Curriculum Standards (Yes) National Curriculum Standards (No)
Systems, Curricula, Methods of Teachingin
Mathematics 1-12
China United States
Department of Education: National level, Province level, County level. (Yes)
Department of Education: National level, State level. (Yes)
National Curriculum Standards (Yes) National Curriculum Standards (No)
State Curriculum Standards (Yes).Each District has some autonomy.
Systems, Curricula, Methods of Teachingin
Mathematics 1-12
China United States
Department of Education: National level, Province level, County level. (Yes)
Department of Education: National level, State level. (Yes)
National Curriculum Standards (Yes) National Curriculum Standards (No)
State Curriculum Standards (Yes).Each District has some autonomy.
3 versions of text books nationwide. More than 20 versions of text books nationwide.
Systems, Curricula, Methods of Teachingin
Mathematics 1-12
China United States
Department of Education: National level, Province level, County level. (Yes)
Department of Education: National level, State level. (Yes)
National Curriculum Standards (Yes) National Curriculum Standards (No)
State Curriculum Standards (Yes).Each District has some autonomy.
3 versions of text books nationwide. More than 20 versions of text books nationwide.
Recommended Teaching Method changes more often.
Recommended Teaching Method changes less often.
Method of Evaluation Method of Examination is used almost in every country as a
Method of Evaluation. Each country puts different weight on the method of examination verses other method of evaluation.
China United States
Method of Evaluation Method of Examination is used almost in every country as a
Method of Evaluation. Each country puts different weight on the method of examination verses other method of evaluation.
China United States
China puts more weight on the Method of Examination.
United States puts less weight on the Method of Examination. US uses other additional methods of evaluation.
科舉制度 [ke ju zhi du]
[ke ju zhi du] was an examination system existed for two thousand years, before the Republic. It was a method used by the Chinese emperors to select talented civil servants.
China
科舉制度 [ke ju zhi du]
[ke ju zhi du] was an examination system existed for two thousand years, before the Republic. It was a method used by the Chinese emperors to select talented civil servants.
United States
China
United States does not such a tradition yet.Other method of evaluation has its importance.
Memorization and Reasoning Memorization and reasoning are both fundamentally important for a
person to learn complex new ideas. When it comes to developing an educational system or a teaching method, each culture, each society develops its own recipe, balancing these components in their own way. No education system or teaching method can rely only on one without the other. There is the constant debate in educating a youngster how much emphasis should be place on memorization verses reasoning.
Memorization and Reasoning Memorization and reasoning are both fundamentally important for a person to
learn complex new ideas. When it comes to developing an educational system or a teaching method, each culture, each society develops its own recipe, balancing these components in their own way. No education system or teaching method can rely only on one without the other. There is the constant debate in educating a youngster how much emphasis should be place on memorization verses reasoning.
China United States
Require 2nd graders to memorize the multiplication facts.
Encouraged 3nd graders to know the multiplication facts.
Memorization and Reasoning Memorization and reasoning are both fundamentally important for a person to
learn complex new ideas. When it comes to developing an educational system or a teaching method, each culture, each society develops its own recipe, balancing these components in their own way. No education system or teaching method can rely only on one without the other. There is the constant debate in educating a youngster how much emphasis should be place on memorization verses reasoning.
China United States
Require 2nd graders to memorize the multiplication facts.
Encouraged 3nd graders to know the multiplication facts.
More on memorization. More on reasoning.
Memorization and Reasoning Memorization and reasoning are both fundamentally important for a person to
learn complex new ideas. When it comes to developing an educational system or a teaching method, each culture, each society develops its own recipe, balancing these components in their own way. No education system or teaching method can rely only on one without the other. There is the constant debate in educating a youngster how much emphasis should be place on memorization verses reasoning.
China United States
Require 2nd graders to memorize the multiplication facts.
Encouraged 3nd graders to know the multiplication facts.
More on memorization. More on reasoning.
How does each culture (not just China or US) develop or evolve into its own recipe of balancing memorization and reasoning?
shi
How Chinese system might have evolved into more weight on memorization?
shi
How Chinese system might have evolved into more weight on memorization?
• 周髀算經“ 矩出于九九八十一”
shi
How Chinese system might have evolved into more weight on memorization?
• 周髀算經“ 矩出于九九八十一”• 漢趙君卿注“ 推圓方之率，通廣長之數，當須乘除以計之。 九九者，乘除之原也。”
How the US system might have evolved into more weight on reasoning?
How the US system might have evolved into more weight on reasoning?
It might be: • The successes in Sciences and Technology - scientific method.
• The Mathematical Logic Reasoning.
• Lead to scientific method of studying on almost every subject.
• From Chinese 6th grade mathematics book.
• From Chinese 6th grade mathematics book.
Reasoning
There are chickens and rabbits in a cage. Counting the heads, there are 11 heads. Counting the legs, there are 32 legs.How many chickens and rabbits are in the cage?
China United States
Introduced in 6th grade. Supplemented in 7th grade or later.
• If there were 11 rabbits in the cage, there would be 44 legs.• If we replace a rabbit by a chicken, there would be 42 legs.• If we replace another rabbit by another chicken, there would be 40 legs.• Therefore, (44 - 32)/2 = 6 chickens, and (11 - 6) = 5 rabbits in the cage.
Let x = # of chickens, and y = # of rabbits. Then
x + y = 112x + 4y = 32
4x + 4y = 442x + 4y = 32
2x = 122x + 4y = 32
x = 6 y = 5
• Therefore, there are 6 chickens, and 5 rabbits in the cage.
Reasoning
There are chickens and rabbits in a cage. Counting the heads, there are 11 heads. Counting the legs, there are 32 legs.How many chickens and rabbits are in the cage?
China United States
Introduced in 6th grade. Supplemented in 7th grade or later.
• If there were 11 chickens in the cage, there would be 22 legs.• If we replace a chicken by a rabbit, there would be 24 legs.• If we replace another chicken by another rabbit, there would be 26 legs.• Therefore, (32 - 22)/2 = 5 rabbits, and (11 - 5) = 6 chickens in the cage.
Let x = # of rabbits, and y = # of chickens. Then
x + y = 114x + 2y = 32
2x + 2y = 224x + 2y = 32
2x + 2y = 222x = 10
x = 5 y = 6
• Therefore, there are 5 rabbits, and 6 chickens in the cage.
Reasoning
There are chickens and rabbits in a cage. Counting the heads, there are 11 heads. Counting the legs, there are 32 legs.How many chickens and rabbits are in the cage?
China United States
Introduced in 6th grade. Supplemented in 7th grade or later.
• If each chicken raise 1 leg, and each rabbit raise 2 front legs, there would be 16 legs.
• Each rabbit has 1 more leg touch the ground then each chicken.
• Therefore, (16 - 11) = 5 rabbits, and (11 - 5) = 6 chickens in the cage.
Let x = # of rabbits, and y = # of chickens. Then
x + y = 114x + 2y = 32
x + y = 112x + y = 16
x + y = 11x = 5
x = 5 y = 6
• Therefore, there are 5 rabbits, and 6 chickens in the cage.
What does China and United States Mathematics Education in common?
Mathematics Education in China and United States have a lot in common, 1 - 12 in both countries cover essentially the same topics in their curricula, the topics often are within one year in the two countries.
