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What do all of these products have in common?ALCOHOL
AlcoholObjectives
• Be able to name some of the alcohols according to the number of carbons in the hydrocarbon chain• Work out the formulae of the alcohols if the number of carbons is known• Draw the structural formula of some alcohols•Describe the properties of alcohols
Alcohols
Alcohols are a group of organic molecules which contain oxygen.
They form a HOMOLOGOUS series.
Naming the Alcohols
The names of alcohols follow the same pattern as the alkanes and alkenes.
The first part of the name relates to the number of carbons in the chain.
The second part of the name is -anol
1 carbon
2 carbons
3 carbons
4 carbons
5 carbons
Butanol.
Methanol
Pentanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Activity 1On your worksheet, complete columns 1 and 2 by writing down the number of carbons and names of the alcohols
Hint; meth, eth, prop, but, pent, hex, hept, oct, non, dec
No. of C
Atoms
Name of Alcohol
Formula
Structure
1 Methanol
2 Ethanol
3 Propanol
4 Butanol
5 Pentanol
6 Hexanol
7 Heptanol
8 Octanol
9 Nonanol
10 Decanol
Alkanes
CnH2n+2
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
Alkenes
CnH2n
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
Alcohols
CH3OH
C2H5OH
C3H7OH
C4H9OH
C5H11OH
CnH2n+1OH
Formula of Alcohols
All alcohols have the formula;
CnH2n+1OH
Methanol CH3OH
Ethanol C2H5OH
Propanol C3H7OH
Activity 2On your worksheet, complete the third column in the table by writing down the formulae of the alcohols.
Hint; Each time the carbons increase by 1, the hydrogens increase by 2
No. of C
Atoms
Name of Alcohol
Formula Structure
1 Methanol
CH3OH
2 Ethanol C2H5OH
3 Propanol
C3H7OH
4 Butanol C4H9OH
5 Pentanol
C5H11OH
6 Hexanol C6H13OH
7 Heptanol
C7H15OH
8 Octanol C8H17OH
9 Nonanol C9H19OH
10 Decanol C10H21OH
Structure of Alcohols
C – 4 bonds
H – 1 bond
O – 2 bonds (must be between a C and an H)
Methanol
C
H
O
H
H H
Ethanol
C
H
O
H
H C
H
H
H
Activity 3On your worksheet, complete the last column in the table by drawing the structure of each alcohol.
Hint; just add a carbon to the end of the chain each time…..
No. of C Atoms
Name of Alcohol
Formula Structure
1 Methanol
CH3OH HH-C-O-H H
2 Ethanol C2H5OH H HH-C-C-O-H H H
3 Propanol
C3H7OH H H HH-C-C-C-O-H H H H
4 Butanol C4H9OH H H H HH-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H
5 Pentanol
C5H11OH H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H H
6 Hexanol C6H13OH H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H H H
7 Heptanol
C7H15OH H H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H H H H
8 Octanol C8H17OH H H H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H H H H H
9 Nonanol C9H19OH H H H H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H H H H H H
10 Decanol C10H21OH H H H H H H H H H HH-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-O-H H H H H H H H H H H
Properties of Alcohols
• They are FLAMMABLE/NOT FLAMMABLE
• Their density (heaviness) INCREASES/DECREASES as the number of carbons increases
• SOME/ALL of them are poisonous
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No. of C
Atoms
Name of Alcohol
Formula
Structure
L.O.I can compare and evaluate methods for the production of ethanol.
Tuesday 18 April 2023
Chemistry drop-in clinic lunchtime Thurs 605
What might our lives be like if yeast produced methanol rather
than ethanol?
Two processes for making ethanol.
1. Fermentation with yeast.
2. Hydration of ethene.
1. Fermentation with yeast.
Sugar (glucose) Ethanol + CO2
yeast
C6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
2. Hydration of ethene.
ethene + steam ethanolcatalyst
C2H4 + H2O C2H5OH
Told you that ethene would come in handy lad…cracking!
Hmm. I like the fermentation of
sugars to produce ethanol.
But then I like the idea of hydration of
ethene too.
But which is better?
There’s only one way to find out…
EVALUATE!
Compare and Contrast
Fermentation HydrationRenewable resource Non-renewable
Batch process ContinuousSlow Fast
Impure product Pure product
Catalyst? Catalyst
Green? Green?
Ethanol can be made by two processes, ethene reacting with ……………… under pressure in the presence of a ………………., or the fermentation
of …………… using enzymes in ………………Wordbank: catalyst, sugar, yeast, steam
How can people claim that the fermentation of plant materials does not contribute to the
increase in carbon dioxide in the air?
Why is a continuous process better than a batch process for making a product in industry?
L.O.I can compare and evaluate methods for the production of ethanol.
Tuesday 18 April 2023
Chemistry drop-in clinic lunchtime Thurs 605
What might our lives be like if yeast produced methanol rather
than ethanol?